FR2945053A1 - Stream securing device for hydraulic channel, has line of buoys for forming constant angle between ends of banks, where angle is provided in specific range with respect to flow direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a line of buoys (4) extending between an end (4a) located near a bank (10) and another end (4b) located near another bank (20). The line of buoys forms a constant angle (alpha) between the ends, where the angle ranges between 30 degrees and 80 degrees with respect to flow direction. A support (11) comprises a cylindrical guiding mast (12) extending in a vertical sliding direction, and is partially placed in a stream (2) near the former bank.

Description

Device for securing a watercourse

The invention relates to a device for securing a watercourse, in particular a hydraulic channel. Such a security device reduces the risk of drowning people fallen into the watercourse. Hydraulic channels feed hydraulic power stations to produce electricity. They generally have a trapezoidal shape and a high flow velocity when the hydraulic power station is in operation, so that a person fallen into the watercourse would be unlikely to be able to return to the bank by his own means. Given the high risk of drowning induced by these conditions, such a safety device is generally installed downstream of the road bridges. A device for securing a stream flowing in a flow direction between a first bank and a second bank is usually known, said device comprising a line of buoys extending between a first end located at near the first bank and a second end located near the second bank. By line of buoys will be understood a device able to stay on the surface of the watercourse and to form a line making it possible to retain a person floating on the watercourse. These lines are generally made of a simple rope on which are distributed several floats, but the invention is not limited and can cover any similar means.

In the device of the prior art, the line of buoys is fixed at its ends by fixed anchors located on the first bank and the second bank. There is an existing slack on these buoy lines to compensate for changes in the level of the watercourse. These lines thus form an arc whose plane of symmetry contains the direction of flow. The invention aims to improve the security provided by these devices and reduce the risk of drowning. To do this, according to the invention, the buoy line forms between said first end and said second end a substantially constant angle of between 30 degrees and 80 degrees with respect to the direction of flow. This reduces the risk of a person falling in the course trapped in the middle of the stream due to the flow of the stream and the arcuate shape of the line of buoys that forced said person along the line of buoys to have to go up the river to hope to regain one of the banks. On the contrary, according to the invention the flow of the stream tends to bring the person fallen into the water to one of the banks along the line of buoys. Therefore, it is not necessary for the person to have to exert a significant physical effort to regain the said bank, so that anyone, including a child, can return to the bank regardless of the flow of water. According to the invention, the angle between the line of buoys and the direction of flow is advantageously between 45 and 65 °, preferably between 50 and 60 °. Thus, there is a favorable compromise between the effort required for a person dropped into the water to move towards the bank and the distance to travel through this person to join the bank along the line of buoys. According to another characteristic according to the invention, the device preferably further comprises: a first support comprising a cylindrical guide pole extending in a direction of sliding, substantially vertical, and arranged at least partly in the course of water near the first bank, a second support having a cylindrical guide post extending in the direction of sliding, and disposed at least partly in the stream near the second bank, a first slider slidably mounted on the guide post of the first support in the direction of sliding and able to move along the guide pole of the first support depending on the level of the watercourse, the first end of the line of buoys being fixed said first slide, and a second slide slidably mounted on the guide pylon of the second support in the sliding direction and adapted to e move along the guide pole of the second support depending on the level of the stream, the second end of the line of buoys being fixed to said second slide. Thus, the row of buoys moves in its entirety according to the level of the stream, so that its shape is independent of said level.

According to a complementary feature according to the invention, said device furthermore preferably comprises a first float fixed on the first slide and a second float fixed on the second slide. This simple solution makes it possible to automatically adjust the height of the ends of the line of buoys according to the level of the stream. According to another complementary characteristic, the device furthermore preferably comprises a rope extending between the second slide and the second slide. Thus, the person having followed the line of buoys and being at the second end of the line of buoys, that is to say very close to the second bank can easily extract the stream with the help of the rope. Preferably, either said rope is not tensioned or a stretchable element makes it possible to absorb the displacements of the second slide.

According to another characteristic according to the invention, preferably, the first slider and the second slider are generally tubular, arranged around the guide pylon respectively of the first support and the second support, and comprise sliders and rollers cooperating with the mast. for guiding respectively the first support and the second support. This simple and robust solution makes it easy to adapt the height of the first and second slides according to the water level.

Preferably, according to the invention, the device advantageously also has the following characteristics: the guide mast of the first support rests on the ground at the bottom of the watercourse via a pivot plate with respect to said guide post and the first support further comprises an anchoring element held on the first bank and a beam connecting the guide mast to the anchoring element, so that the first support constitutes a bracket, and to the mast. for guiding the second support rests on the ground at the bottom of the watercourse by means of a plate articulated with respect to said guide post and the second support also comprises an anchoring element held on the second bank and a beam connecting the guide mast to the anchoring element, so that the second support constitutes a bracket. The first support and the second support are thus simple, of moderate cost, easy to implement, particularly robust and non-aggressive vis-à-vis the element on which they rest. According to a complementary feature, the stream comprises bajoyers and the anchoring element of the first support and the anchoring element of the second support are maintained respectively on the first bank and the second bank away from the side walls. Thus, the installation of the device does not deteriorate the walls of the watercourse. According to a still complementary characteristic, the device preferably further comprises a ladder maintained on the second support and resting on the ground, the second end of the line of buoys being located downstream with respect to the first end of the line of buoys according to the flow of the stream, and said device being devoid of scale maintained on the first support. Thus, the ladder will allow the person falling in the stream to more easily climb along the walls after having extracted from the stream.

According to a still complementary feature, preferably, said ladder rests on the bajoyer and the ladder is maintained on the second support on the one hand on the guide mast and on the other hand on the beam near the element of anchorage.

Thus, the implementation of the scale is simplified and the robustness of the device is increased. According to another characteristic according to the invention, the device furthermore preferably comprises: first stays fixed at one of their ends to the first support near the guide mast and at the other of their ends to the first one; bank, and - second stays attached at one of their ends to the second support near the guide post and at the other end to the second bank. This simple solution can further reduce the cost of the device and increase its robustness.

According to yet another complementary characteristic, the line of buoys preferably has a tension of between 1000 Newton and 10,000 Newton. Such a tension makes it possible to keep the line of buoys substantially rectilinear without creating very high stresses in the device. Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a security device according to the invention, FIG. 2 illustrates the device in top view. FIG. 3 illustrates the device with an enlarged scale, in section along the line marked III-III marked in FIG. II; FIG. 4 is a further enlarged scale of the device in section along line IV-IV at FIG. FIG. 1 illustrates a device 1 for securing a stream 2 flowing in a direction of flow X between a first bank 10 located on the right bank in the illustrated embodiment and a second Bank 20 located on the left bank in the illustrated embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, the stream 2 flows in a channel having a bottom 6 and having bajers 8 up on the bank 10 of the right bank and the bank 20 of the left bank. The device 1 is disposed in the stream 2 downstream of a bridge 3 according to the upstream flow downstream of the stream 2. It essentially comprises a first support 11, a second support 21, a first slide 16 slidably mounted relative to the first support 11 in a direction of sliding substantially vertical Z, a second slide 26 slidably mounted on the second support 21 in the sliding direction Z, and a line of buoys 4 having a first end 4a fixed to the first slider 16 and a second end 4b fixed to the second slider 26. The second end 4b of the line of buoys is located downstream relative to the first end 4a. The first end 4a therefore constitutes the upstream end of the line of buoys and the second end 4b constitutes the downstream end of the line of buoys. As illustrated more specifically in FIG. 2, the first support 11 is in the form of a bracket comprising essentially a post 14, a guide mast 12, and a beam 13 extending between the post 14 and the mast guide 12 substantially in a transverse direction Y perpendicular to the direction of flow X and sliding direction Z. The post 14 is held substantially vertically in a concrete anchor on the bank 10 of the right bank, away 8. The guide post 12 has a cylindrical outer surface of circular section extending in the direction of sliding Z. It rests on the floor 6 at the bottom of the channel. It extends near the bank 10 of the right bank (at a distance of a few meters, advantageously less than five meters). In addition, two sets of two stays 15 extend on either side of the beam 13, between the guide post 12 and a concrete anchor 40 made on the bank 10 of the right bank. Each series of stay cables 15 comprises a stay 15 fixed at the top of the guide post 12 and a stay fixed at the bottom of the guide post 12. These stays 15 make it possible to keep the beam 13 perpendicular to the right bank 10.

In addition, a central strut 19, extending between the bottom of the guide post 12 or the plate 17, and the anchor maintains the post 14. The central strut 19 allows a mechanical force return of the guide post 12 , thus reducing the deformation forces due to the thrust of the water.

As shown more specifically in FIG. 3, the second support 21 is in the form of a bracket comprising essentially a post 24, a guide mast 22 and a transverse beam 23 extending in the transverse direction Y between the post 24 and the guide post 22. The post 24 is held vertically in a concrete anchor 38 made on the bank 20 of the left bank away from the bajoyer 8. The guide post 22 has a cylindrical outer surface of section circular guide extending in the direction of sliding Z. It rests on the ground 6 at the bottom of the channel via a plate 27 pivotally mounted on the guide post 22. The plate 27 is advantageously made of galvanized steel. Its articulation in rotation with respect to the guide mast 22 makes it possible to rest on the wallboard 8 without damaging the waterproof lining of the wall, automatically adapting itself to the angle of inclination of the bajoyer 8. This solution does not require any mechanical anchoring further avoids the emptying of the stream 2 for its implementation.

The guide mast 22 extends near the bank 20 of the left bank (at a distance of a few meters, preferably less than five meters). In addition, two sets of shrouds 25 extend on either side of the beam 23, between the guide mast 22 and a concrete anchor 40 made on the bank 20 of the left bank, similarly to the stays The slider 26 is slidably mounted around the guide post 22 in the sliding direction Z. As illustrated in particular in FIG. 4, the slider 26 comprises two series of rollers 36 and two skates 34 extending in the direction Z sliding Each of the series of wheels 36 is arranged in the direction of sliding Z and facing one of the corresponding pads 34. The pads 34 are advantageously made of polyamide 6, 6 (nylon), in order to limit the friction between the slide and the guide mast 22, and to guarantee the longevity of the galvanized protection of the second support 21.

The downstream end 4b of the line of buoys 4 is fixed to the slider 26. A float 28 is fixed on the slider 26 so as to maintain it always in the same position with respect to the upper surface of the stream 2, whatever the depth of the watercourse 2.

The first slide 16 is identical to the second slide 26. In particular, it supports floats and slides in the sliding direction Z around the outer surface of the guide mast 12. The line of buoys 4 consists of a rope attached to buoys regularly spaced, so as to maintain the line of buoys 4 substantially at the upper surface of the stream. The buoy line 4 is stretched between the first slider 16 and the second slider 26 with a tension advantageously between 1,000 Newton and 10,000 Newton, preferably substantially equal to 3,000 Newton. It thus extends substantially rectilinear transversely to the flow direction X of the stream 2. More precisely, it forms an angle α with the flow direction X which is advantageously equal to 55 °. The upstream end 4a of the line of buoys 4 is fixed to the first slider 16 and the downstream end 4b of the line of buoys 4 is fixed to the second slider 26. Thus, a person fallen into the stream 2 and trained by the flow of this stream 2 in the direction of flow X will be stopped by the line of buoys 4 to the downstream end 4b, then will reach the bank 20 of the left bank very quickly in allowing to carry by the current and directed by the line of buoys 4 to the slider 26. A rope 32 is fixed at one of these ends to the slider 26 and at the other of its ends to the crossbar 23 near the pole 24. Thus, the person will be able to enter the rope 32 after reaching the slider 26 in order to reach the edge of the stream 2 and climb the bajoyer 8, the rope 32 extending all along the bajoyer 8. to further help the person to climb the bay 8, a ladder 30 is placed on the ba joyer 8 and extends from the plate 27 hinged to the guide post 22 to which it is held to the top of the bajoyer 8 where it is held on the beam 23 near the post 24. The scale 30 is advantageously constituted by a metal frame on which is fixed a grid. In addition, the scale 30 makes it possible to dispense with a stay similar to the central stay 19 connecting the bottom of the guide mast or the deck and the anchor holding the post. The rope 32 may be either relaxed or comprise a tensioner (not shown), so as to absorb variations in the distance between its point of attachment to the slider 26 and its point of attachment to the beam 23 due to variations in the level of the stream.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Device (1) for securing a stream (2) flowing in a flow direction (X) between a first bank (10) and a second bank (20), said device (1) comprising a line of buoys (4) extending between a first end (4a) located near the first bank (10) and a second end (4b) located near the second bank (20), said device being characterized in that the line of buoys (4) forms between the said first end (4a) and the said second end (4b) a substantially constant angle (a) of between 30 degrees and 80 degrees relative to the direction of flow (X). The device of claim 1, wherein the angle (a) is between 45 and 65 degrees, and preferably between 50 and 60 degrees. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising: a first support (11) having a cylindrical guide rod (12) extending in a substantially vertical direction of sliding (Z) and arranged at least partly in the stream (2) near the first bank (10), a second support (21) having a cylindrical guide post (22) extending in the sliding direction (Z) ), and disposed at least partly in the stream (2) near the second bank (20), a first slider (16) slidably mounted on the guide post (12) of the first support (11) following the sliding direction (Z) and able to move along the guide mast (12) of the first support (11) as a function of the level of the stream (2), the first end (4a) of the line buoys (4) being attached to said first slider (16), and a second slider (26) slidably mounted on the mast for guiding (22) the second support (21) in the sliding direction (Z) and able to move along the guide mast (22) of the second support (21) depending on the level of the watercourse (2). ), the second end (4b) of the line of buoys (4) being fixed to said second slider (26). 4. Device according to the preceding claim, further comprising a first float fixed on the first slider (16) and a second float (28) fixed on the second slider (26). 5. Device according to claim 3 or claim 4 further comprising a rope (32) extending between the second slider (26) and the second bank (20). 6. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 5 wherein the first slider (16) and the second slider (26) are generally tubular, arranged around the guide post (12, 22) respectively of the first support (10). and the second support (20), and comprise pads (34) and rollers (36) cooperating with the guide mast (12, 22) respectively of the first support (10) and the second support (20). 7. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: ù the guide post (12) of the first support rests on the ground (6) at the bottom of the stream (2) via a plate (27) articulated with respect to said guide post (12) and the first support further comprises an anchoring element (14) held on the first bank (10) and a beam (13) connecting the guide post (12) to the anchoring element (14), so that the first support (11) constitutes a bracket, and the guide post (22) of the second support (20) rests on the ground (6) at bottom of the watercourse by means of a plate pivoted relative to said guide post (22) and the second support (20) further comprises an anchoring element (24) held on the second bank (20) and a beam (23) connecting the guide post (22) to the anchor element (24), so that the second support (21) constitutes a bracket. 8. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the stream (2) comprises bajoyers (8) and, the anchoring element (12) of the first support (11) and the anchoring element (22). ) of the second support (21) are maintained respectively on the first bank (10) and the second bank (20) away from the bajoyers (8). 9. Device according to the preceding claim further comprising a scale (30) maintained on the second support (21) and resting on the ground, the second end (4b) of the line of buoys (4) being located downstream relative to the first end (4a) of the line of buoys (4) according to the flow of the stream (2), and said device being devoid of ladder maintained on the first support (11). 10. Device according to the preceding claim, said ladder (30) rests on the bajoyer (8) and the ladder (30) is held on the second support (21) on the one hand on the guide mast (30) and on on the other hand on the beam (13) near the anchoring element (14). 11. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 10 further comprising: first struts (15) fixed at one of their ends to the first support (11) close to the deflecting mast (12) and to other of their ends to the first bank (10), and second struts (25) fixed at one of their ends to the second support (21) near the guide mast (22) and to the other of their ends at the second bank (20). 12. Device according to any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein the row of buoys (4) has a tension between 1000 Newton and 10 000 Newton.