EP0947420B1 - Anchor and anchoring system which do not damage the seafloor - Google Patents

Anchor and anchoring system which do not damage the seafloor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0947420B1
EP0947420B1 EP19990400840 EP99400840A EP0947420B1 EP 0947420 B1 EP0947420 B1 EP 0947420B1 EP 19990400840 EP19990400840 EP 19990400840 EP 99400840 A EP99400840 A EP 99400840A EP 0947420 B1 EP0947420 B1 EP 0947420B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
winding
order
mooring line
anchoring
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EP19990400840
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0947420A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Magreau
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/801—Ground anchors driven by screwing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/22—Handling or lashing of anchors
    • B63B2021/225—Marker buoys for indicating position of an anchor, or for providing a line connection between the anchor and the water surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anchoring method on a seabed covered with a living herbarium of aquatic plants.
  • the invention also relates to an anchor and a anchoring system for implementing the method anchor.
  • Figure 1 shows, at For example, a fixed anchor point with a concrete block 1 placed on the bottom, a chain 2 and a mooring buoy 3.
  • Anchoring on a background covered with a seagrass posidonia is a particular problem, in the as this fragile plant develops a dense network rhizomes and roots with a thickness of several meters (network called matte), which is not soil furniture and which prevents access to the underlying floor. Of plus a posidonia herbarium can cover an area relatively large, without hanging rock.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an anchoring process that is non-destructive to a living herbarium of aquatic plants, while offering a solid and secure grip.
  • the present invention also relates to provide an anchor and anchor system for setting work of the non-destructive anchoring process.
  • One objective of this is to achieve establish an anchor in the thickness of a herbarium of posidonia, without harming this aquatic plant.
  • a particular objective of this is to avoid to locally tear off the herbarium with an anchor having a reduced grip surface.
  • Another particular objective is to avoid core the herbarium with a cylindrical anchor.
  • an underwater anchoring method in a living herbarium of aquatic plants covering a seabed comprising an operation consisting of screw into the herbarium, an anchor comprising a helical winding formed by a wire rigid, the winding having a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters, this diameter being the order of one to two times the helical pitch of the winding.
  • the invention thus relates to an anchoring method non-destructive submarine to anchor in a herbarium of living plants using a particular anchor.
  • the different embodiments of the anchor used for implementing the method according to the invention are described below.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the use of a particular anchor, and does not carry on the anchor taken alone apart from this use.
  • the method according to the invention can be implemented using an anchor comprising a winding of helical shape, constituted for example a spiral steel wire, which is implanted by screwing in an aquatic herbarium.
  • the winding has a dimensioning particular.
  • the method according to the invention can also be implemented using an anchor whose winding helical shape has a height of the order of one to a few meters, a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters, and a helical step of the order from ten to a few tens of centimeters.
  • the winding has a diameter about once to twice the step value helical.
  • the winding has a section on the order of a few square centimeters to a few tens of square centimeters.
  • the winding is consisting of a rigid metal wire.
  • the winding is composed of an alloy of silicon steel or vanadium.
  • the winding can comprise at one of its ends a close turn.
  • the winding may include a flange fixed to one of its ends, in particular to the close turn.
  • a flange allows for example to apply a torque to the anchor, to hang on anchor a mooring line, ....
  • the present invention also relates to a system non-destructive anchor comprising at least one anchor according to the invention implanted in a living herbarium of aquatic plants, and a mooring line, by example a polyamide rope, having one end secured to the anchor and another end hooked to a floating object.
  • a system non-destructive anchor comprising at least one anchor according to the invention implanted in a living herbarium of aquatic plants, and a mooring line, by example a polyamide rope, having one end secured to the anchor and another end hooked to a floating object.
  • the anchoring system comprises a plurality of anchors coupled to a link bar.
  • the length of the line of anchorage is determined according to the depth of water so that the line angle of wetting is of the order of 30 ° to 60 ° relative to the background.
  • the mooring line comprises two sections delimited by a submerged float, the length of the first section between the anchor and the submerged float being such that the second section between the submerged float and the floating object does not rub not on the herbarium when it is relaxed.
  • FIG. 2 represents an anchor according to the invention, comprising a helical winding 10 formed by a wire 11 of steel or any other known material offering a sufficient strength for the needs of the application.
  • the anchor 10 as shown is located in a living herbarium 40, for example a posidonia herbarium (in particular the Posidonia Oceanica species present in Mediterranean Sea).
  • the winding must present a development sufficient to anchor in a loose herbarium.
  • the anchor locally tears up the herbarium.
  • the applicant has discovered according to the invention, that it was however possible to carry out an anchoring not destructive in a herbarium of aquatic plants, of the type Posidonia Oceanica, provided that the winding has a metric height, typically 1 m 2.5 m, and a decametric diameter, for example 40 cm.
  • step helical should preferably be of the order of half the value of the winding diameter.
  • the helical pitch of the winding is on the order of one to a few tens of centimeters.
  • a helical winding having a 1.5 m high, 40 cm diameter with a step of 20 cm provides excellent anchoring, without tearing, nor coring, in a Posidonia herbarium.
  • the stiffness of the winding must be high, to avoid shearing the herbarium and to ensure a solid anchorage.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention thus provides, that the winding consists of a wire rigid metal, of large section.
  • the winding is preferably made of steel heat treated, especially of hardened or tempered steel, to avoid any spring effect.
  • steel chosen has a hardness of 45 to 50 H.R.C. (abbreviation of "Hardness Rockwell Cone").
  • a steel wire a few centimeters in diameter, typically 3 cm in diameter, suitable particularly good for making a winding reduced elasticity and high contact surface.
  • the section of the winding wire can be circular or some other shape.
  • the winding has a section of the order of a few square centimeters to a few tens of square centimeters, typically from 3 cm 2 to 20 cm 2 .
  • the diameter of the wire is then typically from 1 cm to 5 cm.
  • the anchor 10 according to the invention has the advantage to be harmless to the herbarium, in which it penetrates without cutting or grinding the very dense web of rhizomes and roots. In addition, it offers great resistance to tearing. So an anchor according the invention with a length of 1.5 m and a diameter of 40 cm, made up of a steel wire with a diameter of 3 cm, with a helical pitch of 20 cm, can withstand a force of 21 kN or 2.14 tonnes. For fix ideas, this resistance corresponds to that that a 4-ton concrete block of 1.9 meters offers side and a height of 50 cm. Always as indicative, a 15m x 5.2m sailboat subjected to a wind of face of 130 km / h and the associated sea current generates a horizontal force of 17.3 kN.
  • the last turn of winding 10 is a close turn 12, i.e. a shaped turn substantially flat with a tight helical pitch towards zero.
  • the coil 12 receives a flange 13, for example of steel, having for example the shape of a disc.
  • the flange 13 comprises at its periphery of the folded legs 14 forming flanges, tight by bolts 15 around wire 11, as well as a ring 16 allowing for example to attach a line of wetting.
  • the flange 13 is provided with holes 17 allowing the anchor 10 to be screwed by means a conventional hydraulic key (not shown) having a rod at the end of which are lugs coming to cooperate with the holes 17.
  • FIG. 4 represents an anchoring system 20 according to the invention comprising the anchor 10 to which we have attached a mooring line 21, for example a rope polyamide.
  • the mooring line 21 includes a first section 22 connected to a float submerged 23, section 22 being permanently stretched by the float 23, and a second section 24 connecting the float 23 to a floating object such as a buoy 25, a beacon, pontoon, floating platform, etc.
  • the length of each section 22, 24 is determined so that the second section 24 cannot drag on the surface of herbarium 40 when it is relaxed.
  • the length of the mooring line 21 is calculated based on the water depth of so that the mooring line is preferably there, an angle of 45 ° when stretched.
  • This angle, or traction angle allows an equal distribution in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane of effort exercised on the herbarium. It also follows that the surface turning radius is equal to the depth of the water. More generally, the traction angle will be preferably chosen within a range of 30 ° to 60 ° by report to the bottom in order to distribute and limit the effort vertically and horizontally.
  • an anchoring system 30 able to withstand high tensile stresses can include multiple anchors 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 depending the invention, arranged in a line or in a star, coupled to a connecting bar 31, for example by means of bolts housed in the flanges of the anchors.
  • the line of anchor 21 is attached to the link bar 31.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'ancrage sur un fond marin recouvert d'un herbier vivant de plantes aquatiques.The present invention relates to an anchoring method on a seabed covered with a living herbarium of aquatic plants.

L'invention concerne également une ancre et un système d'ancrage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'ancrage.The invention also relates to an anchor and a anchoring system for implementing the method anchor.

Les plus beaux sites côtiers ou insulaires, notamment dans les régions méditerranéennes, représentent en toute saison un véritable pôle d'attraction pour les plaisanciers. L'importante concentration de bateaux sur ces lieux de mouillage sauvage constitue toutefois une menace grave pour l'écosystème local, qui comprend diverses formes de vie fixées sur le fond sous-marin, animales ou végétales, en particulier des herbiers vivants de plantes aquatiques comme les herbiers de posidonie.The most beautiful coastal or island sites, especially in the Mediterranean regions, represent in all seasons a real pole of attraction for boaters. The large concentration of boats on however, these wild anchorages constitute a serious threat to the local ecosystem, which includes various life forms fixed on the seabed, animal or plant, especially seagrass living from aquatic plants such as seagrass Posidonia.

Etant donné les ravages que causent à de tels herbiers l'accrochage des ancres et leur dérapage sous l'effet de la houle et du vent, des mesures de protection de certains sites naturels ont été prises, notamment par voie de décrets, visant à limiter le mouillage sauvage par la prévision de points de mouillage fixes à des emplacements prédéterminés. La figure 1 représente, à titre d'exemple, un point de mouillage fixe comportant un bloc de béton 1 posé sur le fond, une chaíne 2 et une bouée de mouillage 3.Given the devastation caused by such seagrass hanging anchors and their skidding under the effect of swell and wind, protective measures certain natural sites have been taken, in particular by way of decrees, aiming at limiting the wild anchorage by providing fixed anchor points at predetermined locations. Figure 1 shows, at For example, a fixed anchor point with a concrete block 1 placed on the bottom, a chain 2 and a mooring buoy 3.

Toutefois, cette forme de mouillage organisé, bien que préférable au mouillage sauvage, ne s'avère pas entièrement satisfaisante du point de vue écologique car la surface permanente occupée par les blocs de béton, associée au balayage répété des chaínes sur les herbiers, stérilise une surface importante de sol. However, this form of organized anchorage, although preferable to wild anchorage, does not prove entirely satisfactory from an ecological point of view because the permanent surface occupied by the concrete blocks, associated with the repeated scanning of the chains on the herbaria, sterilizes a large area of soil.

L'ancrage sur un fond recouvert d'un herbier de posidonie constitue un problème particulier, dans la mesure où cette plante fragile développe un réseau dense de rhizomes et de racines sur une épaisseur de plusieurs mètres (réseau appelé matte), qui ne constitue pas un sol meuble et qui empêche d'accéder au sol sous-jacent. De plus un herbier de posidonie peut couvrir une surface relativement étendue, sans roche d'accrochage.Anchoring on a background covered with a seagrass posidonia is a particular problem, in the as this fragile plant develops a dense network rhizomes and roots with a thickness of several meters (network called matte), which is not soil furniture and which prevents access to the underlying floor. Of plus a posidonia herbarium can cover an area relatively large, without hanging rock.

Ainsi, la présente invention a pour objet de prévoir un procédé d'ancrage qui soit non destructif pour un herbier vivant de plantes aquatiques, tout en offrant une prise solide et sûre.Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide an anchoring process that is non-destructive to a living herbarium of aquatic plants, while offering a solid and secure grip.

La présente invention a également pour objet de fournir une ancre et un système d'ancrage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'ancrage non destructif.The present invention also relates to provide an anchor and anchor system for setting work of the non-destructive anchoring process.

Dans le domaine des ancrages marins, on connaít par le document FR 81 07194 une ancre formée par une tige comportant une partie saillante en hélice, destinée à être vissée dans un fond sous-marin. Une telle ancre se révèle très destructive pour un herbier vivant et de plus totalement inefficace, en ce qu'elle broie et hache l'herbier en profondeur, découpant ainsi un cylindre de matière se détachant au moindre effort.In the field of marine anchors, we know by the document FR 81 07194 an anchor formed by a rod having a helical projecting part, intended for be screwed into an underwater background. Such an anchor is very destructive for a living herbarium and more totally ineffective, in that it grinds and chops the herbarium in depth, cutting a cylinder of matter coming off at the slightest effort.

On connaít également du document brevet DE-A-2535451, une ancre formée d'un enroulement hélicoïdal. Cette ancre est spécifiquement destinée à être vissée dans le sol afin d'offrir un point d'attache solide.We also know from patent document DE-A-2535451, an anchor formed by a helical winding. This anchor is specifically intended to be screwed in the ground to provide a solid attachment point.

Un objectif de la présente est de parvenir à implanter un ancrage dans l'épaisseur d'un herbier de posidonie, sans porter atteinte à cette plante aquatique. One objective of this is to achieve establish an anchor in the thickness of a herbarium of posidonia, without harming this aquatic plant.

Un objectif particulier de la présente est d'éviter d'arracher localement l'herbier avec un ancrage ayant une surface de prise réduite.A particular objective of this is to avoid to locally tear off the herbarium with an anchor having a reduced grip surface.

Un autre objectif particulier est d'éviter de carotter l'herbier avec un ancrage cylindrique.Another particular objective is to avoid core the herbarium with a cylindrical anchor.

Succinctement, ces objectifs sont atteints d'après l'invention, en prévoyant un procédé d'ancrage sous marin dans un herbier vivant de plantes aquatiques recouvrant un fond marin, comprenant une opération consistant à visser dans l'herbier, une ancre comprenant un enroulement de forme hélicoïdale constitué par un fil rigide, l'enroulement ayant un diamètre de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres, ce diamètre étant de l'ordre d'une à deux fois le pas hélicoïdal de l'enroulement.Briefly, these objectives are achieved according to the invention, by providing an underwater anchoring method in a living herbarium of aquatic plants covering a seabed, comprising an operation consisting of screw into the herbarium, an anchor comprising a helical winding formed by a wire rigid, the winding having a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters, this diameter being the order of one to two times the helical pitch of the winding.

L'invention porte ainsi sur un procédé d'ancrage sous-marin non destructif pour s'ancrer dans un herbier de plantes vivantes utilisant une ancre particulière. Les différents modes de réalisations de l'ancre utilisée pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention sont décrit ci-après. La présente invention concerne donc l'utilisation d'une ancre particulière, et ne porte pas sur l'ancre prise à elle seule en dehors de cette utilisation.The invention thus relates to an anchoring method non-destructive submarine to anchor in a herbarium of living plants using a particular anchor. The different embodiments of the anchor used for implementing the method according to the invention are described below. The present invention therefore relates to the use of a particular anchor, and does not carry on the anchor taken alone apart from this use.

Par exemple, le procédé selon l'invention peut être mis en oeuvre en utilisant une ancre comprenant un enroulement de forme hélicoïdale, constitué par exemple d'un fil d'acier spiral, que l'on implante par vissage dans un herbier aquatique.For example, the method according to the invention can be implemented using an anchor comprising a winding of helical shape, constituted for example a spiral steel wire, which is implanted by screwing in an aquatic herbarium.

Pour éviter d'arracher l'herbier en ayant une surface de prise trop faible, ou de carotter l'herbier avec un enroulement serré, il est prévu, selon l'invention, que l'enroulement a un dimensionnement particulier.To avoid pulling out the herbarium by having a too small grip surface, or to core the herbarium with a tight winding, according to the invention, that the winding has a dimensioning particular.

Le procédé selon l'invention peut également être mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'une ancre dont l'enroulement de forme hélicoïdale présente une hauteur de l'ordre d'un à quelques mètres, un diamètre de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de centimètres, et un pas hélicoïdal de l'ordre d'une dizaine à quelques dizaines de centimètres.The method according to the invention can also be implemented using an anchor whose winding helical shape has a height of the order of one to a few meters, a diameter of the order of a few tens of centimeters, and a helical step of the order from ten to a few tens of centimeters.

De préférence, l'enroulement présente un diamètre de l'ordre d'une fois à deux fois la valeur du pas hélicoïdal.Preferably, the winding has a diameter about once to twice the step value helical.

De préférence, l'enroulement présente une section de l'ordre de quelques centimètres carrés à quelques dizaines de centimètres carrés.Preferably, the winding has a section on the order of a few square centimeters to a few tens of square centimeters.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'enroulement est constitué par un fil métallique rigide.According to one embodiment, the winding is consisting of a rigid metal wire.

Selon le mode de réalisation préféré, l'enroulement est composé d'un alliage d'acier au silicium ou au vanadium.According to the preferred embodiment, the winding is composed of an alloy of silicon steel or vanadium.

Avantageusement, l'enroulement peut comporter à l'une de ses extrémités une spire rapprochée.Advantageously, the winding can comprise at one of its ends a close turn.

Avantageusement, l'enroulement peut comporter un flasque fixé à l'une de ses extrémités, notamment à la spire rapprochée. Un tel flasque permet par exemple d'appliquer à l'ancre un couple de vissage, d'accrocher à l'ancre une ligne de mouillage,....Advantageously, the winding may include a flange fixed to one of its ends, in particular to the close turn. Such a flange allows for example to apply a torque to the anchor, to hang on anchor a mooring line, ....

La présente invention concerne également un système d'ancrage non destructif comprenant au moins une ancre selon l'invention implantée dans un herbier vivant de plantes aquatiques, et une ligne de mouillage, par exemple une corde en polyamide, ayant une extrémité solidaire de l'ancre et une autre extrémité accrochée à un objet flottant.The present invention also relates to a system non-destructive anchor comprising at least one anchor according to the invention implanted in a living herbarium of aquatic plants, and a mooring line, by example a polyamide rope, having one end secured to the anchor and another end hooked to a floating object.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le système d'ancrage selon l'invention comprend une pluralité d'ancres accouplées à une barre de liaison.According to one embodiment, the anchoring system according to the invention comprises a plurality of anchors coupled to a link bar.

Avantageusement, la longueur de la ligne de mouillage est déterminée en fonction de la profondeur de l'eau de manière que l'angle de traction de la ligne de mouillage soit de l'ordre de 30° à 60° par rapport au fond.Advantageously, the length of the line of anchorage is determined according to the depth of water so that the line angle of wetting is of the order of 30 ° to 60 ° relative to the background.

Avantageusement, la ligne de mouillage comprend deux sections délimitées par un flotteur immergé, la longueur de la première section entre l'ancre et le flotteur immergé étant telle que la deuxième section entre le flotteur immergé et l'objet flottant ne frotte pas sur l'herbier quand elle est détendue.Advantageously, the mooring line comprises two sections delimited by a submerged float, the length of the first section between the anchor and the submerged float being such that the second section between the submerged float and the floating object does not rub not on the herbarium when it is relaxed.

Ces objets, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention seront exposés plus en détail dans la description suivante d'un exemple de réalisation de l'invention, faite à titre non limitatif en référence avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 précédemment décrite représente un système d'ancrage classique,
  • la figure 2 représente une ancre selon l'invention,
  • les figures 3A et 3B représentent respectivement par une vue en coupe et une vue de dessus un flasque fixé à l'ancre de la figure 2,
  • la figure 4 représente un système d'ancrage selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 5 représente un système d'ancrage comprenant plusieurs ancres selon l'invention.
These objects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be explained in more detail in the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, given without implied limitation with reference to the attached figures among which:
  • FIG. 1 previously described represents a conventional anchoring system,
  • FIG. 2 represents an anchor according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B respectively represent a sectional view and a top view of a flange fixed to the anchor of FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 represents an anchoring system according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 5 represents an anchoring system comprising several anchors according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une ancre selon l'invention, comprenant un enroulement hélicoïdal 10 formé par un fil 11 en acier ou toute autre matière connue offrant une résistance suffisante pour les besoins de l'application. L'ancre 10 telle que représentée est implantée dans un herbier vivant 40, par exemple un herbier de posidonie (en particulier l'espèce Posidonia Oceanica présente en Mer Méditerranée).FIG. 2 represents an anchor according to the invention, comprising a helical winding 10 formed by a wire 11 of steel or any other known material offering a sufficient strength for the needs of the application. The anchor 10 as shown is located in a living herbarium 40, for example a posidonia herbarium (in particular the Posidonia Oceanica species present in Mediterranean Sea).

L'enroulement doit présenter un développement suffisant pour assurer l'ancrage dans un herbier meuble.The winding must present a development sufficient to anchor in a loose herbarium.

En effet, avec un enroulement de diamètre réduit, l'ancre arrache localement l'herbier.Indeed, with a winding of reduced diameter, the anchor locally tears up the herbarium.

Tandis qu'avec un enroulement de grand diamètre, il se produit un effet de ressort qui cisaille l'herbier et qui diminue l'assurance de l'ancrage.While with a large diameter winding, it a spring effect occurs which shears the herbarium and which reduces the insurance of anchoring.

Le demandeur a découvert selon l'invention, qu'il était cependant possible d'effectuer un ancrage non destructif dans un herbier de plantes aquatiques, de type Posidonia Oceanica, à condition que l'enroulement présente une hauteur d'ordre métrique, typiquement de 1 m à 2,5 m, et un diamètre d'ordre décamétrique, par exemple 40 cm.The applicant has discovered according to the invention, that it was however possible to carry out an anchoring not destructive in a herbarium of aquatic plants, of the type Posidonia Oceanica, provided that the winding has a metric height, typically 1 m 2.5 m, and a decametric diameter, for example 40 cm.

De plus, le demandeur a observé que lorsque l'enroulement présente un pas trop serré, il se produit un effet de carottage qui tend à arracher un volume cylindrique de l'herbier.In addition, the Applicant observed that when the winding has a too tight pitch, it occurs a coring effect which tends to tear off a volume cylindrical of the herbarium.

Le demandeur a ainsi déterminé que le pas hélicoïdal doit être, de préférence, de l'ordre de la moitié à la valeur du diamètre de l'enroulement.The plaintiff thus determined that the step helical should preferably be of the order of half the value of the winding diameter.

Compte-tenu de l'ordre de grandeur du diamètre, le pas hélicoïdal de l'enroulement est, selon l'invention, de l'ordre d'une à quelques dizaines de centimètres.Given the order of magnitude of the diameter, the according to the invention, the helical pitch of the winding is on the order of one to a few tens of centimeters.

Par exemple, un enroulement hélicoïdal ayant une hauteur de 1,5 m, un diamètre de 40 cm avec un pas de 20 cm, fournit un excellent ancrage, sans arrachage, ni carottage, dans un herbier de Posidonie.For example, a helical winding having a 1.5 m high, 40 cm diameter with a step of 20 cm, provides excellent anchoring, without tearing, nor coring, in a Posidonia herbarium.

En outre, la rigidité de l'enroulement doit être élevée, pour éviter de cisailler l'herbier et pour assurer un ancrage solide.In addition, the stiffness of the winding must be high, to avoid shearing the herbarium and to ensure a solid anchorage.

Le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention prévoit ainsi, que l'enroulement est constitué d'un fil métallique rigide, de forte section.The preferred embodiment of the invention thus provides, that the winding consists of a wire rigid metal, of large section.

L'enroulement est de préférence, composé d'acier traité thermiquement, notamment d'acier trempé ou revenu, pour éviter tout effet de ressort. Le choix d'un alliage d'acier au vanadium ou au silicium, par exemple un acier mangano-silicié, permet avantageusement d'obtenir un enroulement de rigidité élevée. De préférence, l'acier choisi a une dureté de 45 à 50 H.R.C. (abréviation de « Hardness Rockwell Cone »).The winding is preferably made of steel heat treated, especially of hardened or tempered steel, to avoid any spring effect. Choosing an alloy vanadium or silicon steel, for example steel mangano-silicon, advantageously makes it possible to obtain a high stiffness winding. Preferably steel chosen has a hardness of 45 to 50 H.R.C. (abbreviation of "Hardness Rockwell Cone").

Un fil d'acier de quelques centimètres de diamètre, typiquement de 3 cm de diamètre, convient particulièrement bien pour réaliser un enroulement d'élasticité réduite et de surface de contact élevée.A steel wire a few centimeters in diameter, typically 3 cm in diameter, suitable particularly good for making a winding reduced elasticity and high contact surface.

La section du fil d'enroulement peut être circulaire ou d'une autre forme.The section of the winding wire can be circular or some other shape.

De façon générale, l'enroulement a une section de l'ordre de quelques centimètres carrés à quelques dizaine de centimètres carrés, typiquement de 3 cm2 à 20 cm2.In general, the winding has a section of the order of a few square centimeters to a few tens of square centimeters, typically from 3 cm 2 to 20 cm 2 .

Dans le cas d'un enroulement de section circulaire, le diamètre du fil est alors typiquement de 1 cm à 5 cm.In the case of a circular section winding, the diameter of the wire is then typically from 1 cm to 5 cm.

L'ancre 10 selon l'invention présente l'avantage d'être inoffensive pour l'herbier, dans lequel elle pénètre sans couper ni broyer le lacis très dense de rhizomes et de racines. De plus, elle offre une grande résistance à l'arrachement. Ainsi, une ancre selon l'invention d'une longueur de 1,5 m et d'un diamètre de 40 cm, constituée par un fil d'acier d'un diamètre de 3 cm, présentant un pas hélicoïdal de 20 cm, peut résister à un effort de 21 kN soit 2,14 tonnes. Pour fixer les idées, cette résistance correspond à celle qu'offre un bloc de béton de 4 tonnes de 1,9 mètres de côté et d'une hauteur de 50 cm. Toujours à titre indicatif, un voilier de 15 m x 5,2 m soumis à un vent de face de 130 km/h et au courant marin associé génère un effort horizontal de 17,3 kN.The anchor 10 according to the invention has the advantage to be harmless to the herbarium, in which it penetrates without cutting or grinding the very dense web of rhizomes and roots. In addition, it offers great resistance to tearing. So an anchor according the invention with a length of 1.5 m and a diameter of 40 cm, made up of a steel wire with a diameter of 3 cm, with a helical pitch of 20 cm, can withstand a force of 21 kN or 2.14 tonnes. For fix ideas, this resistance corresponds to that that a 4-ton concrete block of 1.9 meters offers side and a height of 50 cm. Always as indicative, a 15m x 5.2m sailboat subjected to a wind of face of 130 km / h and the associated sea current generates a horizontal force of 17.3 kN.

Comme représenté plus en détail sur les figures 3A et 3B, la dernière spire de l'enroulement 10, se trouvant de préférence au ras de la surface de l'herbier, est une spire rapprochée 12, c'est-à-dire une spire de forme sensiblement plate présentant un pas hélicoïdal tendant vers zéro. De façon optionnelle, la spire 12 reçoit un flasque 13, par exemple en acier, ayant par exemple la forme d'un disque. Ici, le flasque 13 comprend à sa périphérie des pattes repliées 14 formant brides, serrées par des boulons 15 autour du fil 11, ainsi qu'un anneau 16 permettant par exemple d'attacher une ligne de mouillage. Par ailleurs, le flasque 13 est pourvu de trous 17 permettant le vissage de l'ancre 10 au moyen d'une clef hydraulique classique (non représentée) comportant une tige à l'extrémité de laquelle se trouvent des ergots venant coopérer avec les trous 17.As shown in more detail in Figures 3A and 3B, the last turn of winding 10, being preferably flush with the surface of the herbarium, is a close turn 12, i.e. a shaped turn substantially flat with a tight helical pitch towards zero. Optionally, the coil 12 receives a flange 13, for example of steel, having for example the shape of a disc. Here, the flange 13 comprises at its periphery of the folded legs 14 forming flanges, tight by bolts 15 around wire 11, as well as a ring 16 allowing for example to attach a line of wetting. Furthermore, the flange 13 is provided with holes 17 allowing the anchor 10 to be screwed by means a conventional hydraulic key (not shown) having a rod at the end of which are lugs coming to cooperate with the holes 17.

La figure 4 représente un système d'ancrage 20 selon l'invention comprenant l'ancre 10 à laquelle on a attaché une ligne de mouillage 21, par exemple une corde de polyamide.FIG. 4 represents an anchoring system 20 according to the invention comprising the anchor 10 to which we have attached a mooring line 21, for example a rope polyamide.

Selon l'invention, la ligne de mouillage 21 comprend une première section 22 reliée à un flotteur immergé 23, la section 22 étant tendue en permanence par le flotteur 23, et une deuxième section 24 reliant le flotteur 23 à un objet flottant comme une bouée 25, une balise, un ponton, une plate-forme flottante, etc.. La longueur de chaque section 22, 24 est déterminée de sorte que la deuxième section 24 ne puisse pas traíner sur la surface de l'herbier 40 quand elle est détendue.According to the invention, the mooring line 21 includes a first section 22 connected to a float submerged 23, section 22 being permanently stretched by the float 23, and a second section 24 connecting the float 23 to a floating object such as a buoy 25, a beacon, pontoon, floating platform, etc. The length of each section 22, 24 is determined so that the second section 24 cannot drag on the surface of herbarium 40 when it is relaxed.

De plus, la longueur de la ligne de mouillage 21 est calculée en fonction de la profondeur de l'eau de sorte que la ligne de mouillage présente de préférence, un angle de 45° lorsqu'elle est tendue. Cet angle, ou angle de traction, permet une égale répartition dans le plan horizontal et dans le plan vertical de l'effort exercé sur l'herbier. Il en résulte par ailleurs que le rayon d'évitage en surface est égal à la profondeur de l'eau. De façon plus générale, l'angle de traction sera de préférence choisi dans une fourchette de 30° à 60° par rapport au fond afin de répartir et de limiter l'effort verticalement et horizontalement.In addition, the length of the mooring line 21 is calculated based on the water depth of so that the mooring line is preferably there, an angle of 45 ° when stretched. This angle, or traction angle, allows an equal distribution in the horizontal plane and in the vertical plane of effort exercised on the herbarium. It also follows that the surface turning radius is equal to the depth of the water. More generally, the traction angle will be preferably chosen within a range of 30 ° to 60 ° by report to the bottom in order to distribute and limit the effort vertically and horizontally.

La présente invention est bien entendu susceptible de divers variantes et modes de réalisation. Par exemple, comme illustré sur la figure 5, un système d'ancrage 30 capable de résister à des efforts de traction élevés peut comprendre plusieurs ancres 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 selon l'invention, agencées en ligne ou en étoile, accouplées à une barre de liaison 31, par exemple au moyen de boulons logés dans les flasques des ancres. Ici, la ligne de mouillage 21 est accrochée à la barre de liaison 31.The present invention is of course susceptible of various variants and embodiments. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, an anchoring system 30 able to withstand high tensile stresses can include multiple anchors 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 depending the invention, arranged in a line or in a star, coupled to a connecting bar 31, for example by means of bolts housed in the flanges of the anchors. Here the line of anchor 21 is attached to the link bar 31.

Claims (9)

  1. Method of undersea anchoring in a living bed of aquatic plants covering a sea bottom, comprising an operation consisting in screwing into the bed (40) an anchor comprising a helix-shaped winding consisting of a rigid wire, the winding having a diameter of the order of some tens of centimetres, this diameter being of the order of once to twice the helical pitch of the winding.
  2. Anchoring method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plant bed is a plant bed of Posidonia Oceanica.
  3. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the anchor comprises at least one helix-shaped winding (10) having a height of the order of one to a few metres, and a helical pitch of the order of approximately ten to several tens of centimetres.
  4. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the winding (10) has a section of the order of some square centimetres to some tens of square centimetres.
  5. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in integrating one end of a mooring line (21) with the anchor, and of hooking another end of the mooring line (21) onto a floating object (25).
  6. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a step of coupling a plurality of anchors (10-1, 10-2, 10-3) to a link bar (31).
  7. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 5 or 6 when combined with Claim 5, characterized in that the length of the mooring line (21) is determined dependent upon the depth of the water such that the angle of traction of the mooring line is of the order of 30° to 60° relative to the bottom.
  8. Anchoring method according to at least one of Claims 5 to 7 when combined with Claim 5, characterized in that the mooring line (21) comprises two sections (22, 24) delimited by an immersed float (23), the length of the first section (22) between the anchor and the immersed float being such that the second section (24) between the immersed float and the said floating object (25) does not rub against the plant bed when it is tight.
  9. Anchoring method according to one of Claims 5 to 8 when combined with Claim 5, characterized in that the mooring line (21) is a polyamide rope.
EP19990400840 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Anchor and anchoring system which do not damage the seafloor Expired - Lifetime EP0947420B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9804146A FR2776982B1 (en) 1998-04-03 1998-04-03 NON-DESTRUCTIVE ANCHOR AND ANCHORING SYSTEM FOR THE SEA-BASE COMPRISING A LIVING HERBARIUM OF AQUATIC PLANTS
FR9804146 1998-04-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0947420A1 EP0947420A1 (en) 1999-10-06
EP0947420B1 true EP0947420B1 (en) 2004-12-22

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EP19990400840 Expired - Lifetime EP0947420B1 (en) 1998-04-03 1999-04-06 Anchor and anchoring system which do not damage the seafloor

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EP (1) EP0947420B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2237054T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2776982B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007019609A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Biopower Systems Pty. Ltd. A mooring

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2905388A1 (en) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-07 Marmou Richard Hustache Floating and submersible volumes anchoring device for e.g. sub-marine field, has bar cut at specific angle, and marking provided on bar by engraving or letter punching of letters followed by digits indicating maximum utilization load
FR2913033B1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2010-10-29 Marmou Richard Hustache SEMI-PERMANENT / PERMANENT ANCHORING DEVICE FOR MOUNTING FLOATING BODIES
NL1034886C2 (en) * 2008-01-03 2009-07-06 Cortech Protect B V Ground engagement device i.e. anchor, for anchoring e.g. ship, has elongated body with engagement element at one end, where engagement element has rotary connection for connecting element e.g. cable

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DE2535451A1 (en) * 1975-08-08 1977-02-17 Franz Werner Heckmann Boat or clamping anchor peg - has metal peg formed as spiral for screwing into ground using attached handle
SE8000532L (en) * 1980-01-23 1981-07-24 Kjell Arne Nilsson IN THE MARKEN ANCHORABLE STANDARE
FR2503657A1 (en) * 1981-04-10 1982-10-15 Richard Jean Underwater mooring for small marine vessels - comprises cylindrical bar with spiral fin screwed into sea-bed and carrying mooring eye
FR2562385B1 (en) * 1984-04-09 1988-10-14 Electricite De France DEVICE FOR MOORING A BODY SUBJECT TO A STRONG TRAIL, AND PARTICULARLY A CONCHYLICULTURE SECTOR
DE9108370U1 (en) * 1991-07-02 1992-11-05 Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2850 Bremerhaven Arrangement for anchoring measuring instruments in water currents
GB2269832A (en) * 1992-08-06 1994-02-23 Maurice Geoffrey Arden Removable ground anchorage
GB2299609A (en) * 1995-03-30 1996-10-09 Donald John Smith Anti-theft device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007019609A1 (en) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Biopower Systems Pty. Ltd. A mooring

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2237054T3 (en) 2005-07-16
EP0947420A1 (en) 1999-10-06
FR2776982B1 (en) 2000-06-02
FR2776982A1 (en) 1999-10-08

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