FR2935267A1 - USE OF A COMPOSITION COMPRISING AN ASSOCIATIVE POLYMER FOR CLEANING HUMAN HAIR - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of a composition comprising in a cosmetically acceptable medium more than 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of at least one associative polymer for cleaning human hair. Corresponding cleaning process.

Description

The present invention relates to the use of a cosmetic composition comprising at least 2% by weight of an associative polymer for cleaning human hair. It is known to clean the hair with shampoos which are aqueous compositions containing high levels of surfactants. These surfactants are generally anionic surfactants alone or in combination with amphoteric or nonionic surfactants. The concentrations of surfactants used generally exceed 10% by weight, expressed as active ingredients. These surfactants are mostly aggressive towards the scalp and frequently lead to irritation phenomena resulting in redness or feeling of discomfort. These surfactants are also aggressive vis-à-vis the eyes. Moreover, these surfactants are not inert with respect to the hair fibers. As applications progress, they degrade these fibers by altering their chemical structure and physical structure. In addition, the rinsing of the compositions with these high levels of surfactants is often long. Moreover, these surfactants degrade the cosmetic properties of the hair, which leads to the need for additions of conditioning ingredients such as cationic polymers, silicones or non-silicone oils. Finally, to avoid application dripping and especially eye drops, shampoos must be thickened. Thickening of compositions containing high levels of surfactants is difficult and frequently poses stability problems.

There is therefore a need for compositions that make it possible to clean the hair while reducing or even eliminating the conventional surfactants that cause these disadvantages.

Associative polymers are known in cosmetics. They are polymers which, by their structure, have portions or groups which have the property of associating with each other or with the molecules or portions of molecules of other compounds. These association phenomena generally result in significant increases in viscosity. These associative polymers are therefore used as thickening or viscosifying agents or as suspending agents. Such polymers capable of associating reversibly with one another or with other molecules are called associative polymers. The interaction forces involved may be of a very different nature, for example of electrostatic nature, of the hydrogen bonding type or of the hydrophobic interactions. The Applicant has just discovered that above a certain concentration, these associative polymers have a detergent power sufficient to allow the cleaning of the hair in the presence of very small amounts of surfactants or even in the absence of these surfactants.

This discovery is at the origin of the present invention. The present invention therefore relates to the use of a composition comprising in a cosmetically acceptable medium more than 2% of one or more associative polymers for cleaning human hair. Preferably the composition comprises at most 5% of surfactants and preferably at most 4% by weight of surfactants relative to the total weight of the composition. Even more preferably the composition contains less than 2% of surfactants and more preferably it is substantially free of surfactants. The compositions used in the invention rinse faster than conventional shampoos. They are intrinsically more curing and bring more lightness to the hair especially wet hair. They do not necessarily require the addition of viscosifiers and allow to have varied textures. They are better tolerated by the scalp and the eyes.

The present invention also relates to the use of one or more associative polymers in a composition comprising a cosmetically acceptable medium for cleaning human hair, the concentration by weight of the associative polymer (s) being at least 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

By associative polymers is meant in the sense of the invention amphiphilic polymers comprising both a) one or more hydrophobic units each consisting of one or more fatty chains and b) one or more hydrophilic units. These polymers result from the polymerization of at least one other monomer than ethylene oxide or glycidol. They can be obtained for example by radical polymerization reactions, polycondensation reactions, grafting reactions on prepolymers. By surfactants in the sense of the present invention any compound reducing surface tension of a liquid and in particular water at 25 ° C (it would be better to put a value) whose chemical structure a) does not involve polymerization reaction or b) involves only the polymerization of an alkylene oxide and / or glycidol. By the term "fatty chain" is meant according to the invention, a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain having from 8 to 30 and preferably from 10 to 10 carbon atoms.

The associative polymers according to the invention may be of anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic type. Preferably, the associative polymers are cationic or nonionic or anionic and even more preferably nonionic. Among the associative polymers of the anionic type, mention may be made of: - (I) those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit, and at least one fatty-chain allyl ether unit, more particularly those whose hydrophilic unit consists of an anionic monomer ethylenically unsaturated, more particularly by a vinyl carboxylic acid and most particularly by an acrylic acid or a methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof, and whose fatty-chain allyl ether unit corresponds to the monomer of formula (I) in which R 'denotes H or CH 3, B denotes the ethyleneoxy radical, n is zero or denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100, R denotes a hydrocarbon radical chosen from alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, cycloalkyl radicals comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 24, and more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. A more particularly preferred unit of formula (I) is a unit in which R 'denotes H, n is equal to 10, and R denotes a stearyl (C18) radical. Anionic associative polymers of this type are described and prepared, according to an emulsion polymerization process, in EP-0,216,479. Of these anionic associative polymers, polymers formed from 20 to 20% by weight are particularly preferred according to the invention. 60% by weight of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, 5 to 60% by weight of C 1 -C 4 alkyl (meth) acrylates, 2 to 50% by weight of fatty chain allyl of formula (I), and from 0 to 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer, such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methylenebisacrylamide. Among these, the crosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, polyethylene glycol (10 OE) and stearyl alcohol ether (Steareth 10) are particularly preferred, in particular those sold by CIBA under the names SALCARE SC 80 and SALCARE SC90 which are 30% aqueous emulsions of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate and steareth-10-allyl ether (40/50/10). (II) those comprising at least one hydrophilic unit of olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid type, and at least one hydrophobic unit of unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl (C1-C30) ester type. Preferably, these polymers are chosen from those whose hydrophilic unit of unsaturated olefinic carboxylic acid type corresponds to the following monomer of formula (II): ## STR2 ## in which R 1 denotes H or CH 3 or C 2 H 5, that is, say acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or ethacrylic acid units, and whose hydrophobic unit of the unsaturated carboxylic acid alkyl (C10-C30) ester type corresponds to the following monomer of formula (III): CH2C-C-OR3 12 II (III) in which, R2 denotes H or CH3 or C2H5 (that is to say, acrylate, methacrylate or ethacrylate units) and preferably H (acrylate units) or CH3 (methacrylate units), R3 denoting an alkyl radical; Cao-C3o, and preferably C12-C22. Alkyl (Clo-C 30) esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids according to the invention include, for example, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, and dodecyl methacrylate. Anionic polymers of this type are, for example, described and prepared according to US Pat. Nos. 3,915,921 and 4,509,949. Among this type of anionic associative polymers, polymers formed from a monomer mixture will be used more particularly. comprising: (i) essentially acrylic acid, (ii) an ester of formula (III) described above and wherein R 2 is H or CH 3, wherein R 3 denotes an alkyl radical having from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, (iii) and a crosslinking agent, which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer, such as diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methylene-bisacrylamide. Among this type of anionic associative polymers, use will more particularly be made of 95 to 60% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 4 to 40% by weight of alkyl acrylate in Cao-C30 (hydrophobic unit) and 0 to 6% by weight of polymerizable crosslinking monomer, or those consisting of 98 to 96% by weight of acrylic acid (hydrophilic unit), 1 to 4% by weight of C 10 -C 30 alkyl acrylate ( hydrophobic pattern), and 0.1 to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer such as those described above. Among said polymers above, the products sold by LUBRIZOL under the trade names PEMULEN TR1, PEMULEN TR2 and CARBOPOL 1382, and even more preferentially PEMULEN TR1, and the product sold by the company, are particularly preferred according to the present invention. SEPPIC company under the name COATEX SX. (III) terpolymers of maleic anhydride / α-olefin C30-C38 / alkyl maleate such as the product (maleic anhydride copolymer / C30-C38 α-olefin / isopropyl maleate) sold under the name PERFORMA V 1608 by the company NEWPHASE TECHNOLOGIES. (IV) acrylic terpolymers comprising: (a) about 20% to 70% by weight of an α,--monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, (b) about 20 to 80% by weight of an α-unsaturated monomer. Non-surfactant 8-monoethylenic other than (a), (c) about 0.5 to 60% by weight of a nonionic mono-urethane which is the reaction product of a monohydric surfactant with a monoethylenically unsaturated monoisocyanate, such as those described in the patent application EP-A-0173109 and more particularly that described in Example 3, namely, a terpolymer methacrylic acid / methyl acrylate / dimethyl metaisopropenyl benzyl isocyanate alcohol ethoxylated behenyl (40 OE) in a 25% aqueous dispersion. (V) copolymers comprising among their monomers an α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and an α, β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester and an oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol. Preferably, these compounds also comprise, as monomer, a carboxylic acid ester with α, β-monoethylenic unsaturation and of C 1 -C 4 alcohol. By way of example of this type of compound, mention may be made of Aculyn 22 sold by Rohm and Haas, which is a methacrylic acid / ethyl acrylate / stearyl methacrylate oxyalkylenated terpolymer.

Among the associative polymers of cationic type, mention may be made of: (I) cationic associative polyurethanes whose family has been described by the applicant in the French patent application No. 0009609; it can be represented by the following general formula (IV): ## STR5 ## wherein R ', which may be identical or different, represent a hydrophobic group or a hydrogen atom; X and X ', which are identical or different, represent a group comprising an amine functional group which may or may not carry a hydrophobic group, or the group LL, L' and L ", which may be identical or different, represent a group derived from a diisocyanate; and P ', which may be identical or different, represent a group comprising an amine functional group which may or may not carry a hydrophobic group, Y represents a hydrophilic group, r is an integer between 1 and 100, preferably between 1 and 50 and 25, in particular between 1 and 25, n, m, and p are independently of one another from 0 to 1000, preferably from 0 to 100, the molecule containing at least one protonated or quaternized amine functional group and at least one hydrophobic group. Preferred embodiment of these polyurethanes, the only hydrophobic groups are the groups R and R 'at the chain ends.A preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that correspo compound of the formula (IV) described above in which: R and R 'are both independently a hydrophobic group, X, X' each represent a group L ", n and p are from 1 to 1000, preferably from 1 to 100 and L, L ', L ", P, P', Y and m have the meaning indicated above. Another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that corresponding to formula (IV) above in which: R and R 'are both independently a hydrophobic group, X, X' each represent an L "group, n and p are 0, and L, L ', L ", Y and m are as defined above. The fact that n and p are 0 means that these polymers do not contain units derived from an amine-functional monomer incorporated in the polymer during the polycondensation. The protonated amine functions of these polyurethanes result from the hydrolysis of isocyanate functions, in excess, at the end of the chain, followed by the alkylation of the primary amine functions formed by hydrophobic group alkylation agents, that is to say ie compounds of RQ or R'Q type, in which R and R 'are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a sulphate, etc. Yet another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is that corresponding to the above formula (IV) wherein: R and R 'both independently represent a hydrophobic group, X and X' each independently represent a group comprising a quaternary amine, n and p are zero, and L, L ', Y and m have the meaning indicated above. Hydrophobic group is understood to mean a radical or polymer with a hydrocarbon chain, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as P, O, N, S, or a perfluorinated or silicone chain radical. When it refers to a hydrocarbon radical, the hydrophobic group comprises at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 30 carbon atoms and more preferably from 18 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, the hydrophobic group denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having from 10 to 30 and preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Preferably, the hydrocarbon group comes from a monofunctional compound. By way of example, the hydrophobic group may be derived from a fatty alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. It can also denote a hydrocarbon polymer such as for example polybutadiene. When X and / or X 'denote a group having a tertiary or quaternary amine, X and / or X' may be one of the following formulas: ## STR2 ## where R 1 is R 1 or R 2 for X R 1 R1 AN N + A- R1 ~ 1 \ R1 R1 R1 R1 R3

wherein R 2 ù Nù ù R 2 ù N + ù R 2 ù R 1 R 1 A-1 N R 1 R 1 in which:

R2 represents an alkylene radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, with or without a saturated or unsaturated ring, or a radical

Arylene, one or more of the carbon atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S, O, P;

RI and R3, identical or different, denote a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl or alkenyl radical, an aryl radical, at least one of the carbon atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S, O, P;

A-is a physiologically acceptable counterion.

The groups L, L 'and L "represent a group of formula: ## STR2 ## in which:

Z is -O-, -S-, or -NH-; and

R4 represents an alkylene radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, linear or branched, with or without a saturated or unsaturated ring, an arylene radical, one or more of the carbon atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom selected from N, S , O and P.

The groups P and P ', comprising an amine function, may represent at least one of the following formulas: ## STR2 ## where R 1 is R 1 or R 9 is R 1 or R 6

R6. Wherein R5 and R7 have the same meanings as R2 defined above, wherein R5 and R7 have the same meanings as R2 defined above; R8 N or R5CH7R7-R8; R5uN + R7- R6A or R5,11H7R6uN + R9A; R6, R8 and R9 have the same meanings as R1 and R3 defined above. Rio represents a linear or branched, optionally unsaturated, alkylene group which may contain one or more heteroatoms chosen from N, O, S and P, and A- is a physiologically acceptable counter-ion. As regards the meaning of Y, the term "hydrophilic group" means a water-soluble polymeric group or not. By way of example, non-polymers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, a hydrophilic polymer is used, there may be mentioned by way of example polyethers, sulphonated polyesters, sulphonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and especially a poly (ethylene oxide) or poly (propylene oxide). The cationic associative polyurethanes of formula (IV) according to the invention are formed from diisocyanates and various compounds having functions with a labile hydrogen. The functions with a labile hydrogen can be alcohol, primary or secondary amine or thiol functions giving, after reaction with the diisocyanate functions, respectively polyurethanes, polyureas and polythioureas. The term "polyurethanes" of the present invention includes these three types of polymers namely polyurethanes per se, polyureas and polythioureas as well as copolymers thereof. A first type of compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (IV) is a compound comprising at least one amine-functional unit. This compound can be multifunctional, but preferentially the compound is difunctional, that is to say that according to a preferred embodiment, this compound comprises two labile hydrogen atoms carried for example by a hydroxyl function, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol. It is also possible to use a mixture of multifunctional and difunctional compounds in which the percentage of multifunctional compounds is low. As indicated above, this compound may comprise more than one amine-functional unit. It is then a polymer bearing a repetition of the amine functional unit. This type of compounds can be represented by one of the following formulas: HZ- (P) n -ZH, or HZ- (P ') p -ZH in which Z, P, P', n and p are as defined upper. As an example of an amine-functional compound, mention may be made of N-methyldiethanolamine, N-tert-butyl diethanolamine and N-sulfoethyldiethanolamine. The second compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (IV) is a diisocyanate corresponding to the formula: ## STR2 ## in which R 4 is defined above. By way of example, mention may be made of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, methylenecyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate, butane diisocyanate and hexane diisocyanate. A third compound used in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (IV) is a hydrophobic compound intended to form the terminal hydrophobic groups of the polymer of formula (IV). This compound consists of a hydrophobic group and a function with labile hydrogen, for example a hydroxyl function, primary or secondary amine, or thiol. By way of example, this compound may be a fatty alcohol, such as in particular stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. When this compound comprises a polymer chain, it may be for example hydrogenated polybutadiene a-hydroxyl. The hydrophobic group of the polyurethane of formula (IV) can also result from the quaternization reaction of the tertiary amine of the compound having at least one tertiary amine unit. Thus, the hydrophobic group is introduced by the quaternizing agent. This quaternizing agent is a compound of the type RQ or R'Q, in which R and R 'are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a sulphate, etc. The cationic associative polyurethane may further comprise a hydrophilic sequence. This sequence is provided by a fourth type of compound used in the preparation of the polymer. This compound can be multifunctional. It is preferably difunctional. One can also have a mixture where the percentage of multifunctional compound is low. The functions with a labile hydrogen are alcohol, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol functions. This compound may be a polymer terminated at the chain ends by one of these functions with labile hydrogen. By way of example, non-polymers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When it is a hydrophilic polymer, mention may be made by way of example of polyethers, sulphonated polyesters, sulphonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. Preferably, the hydrophilic compound is a polyether and especially a poly (ethylene oxide) or poly (propylene oxide). The hydrophilic group Y in formula (IV) is optional. Indeed, the quaternary or protonated amine functional units may be sufficient to provide the solubility or hydrodispersibility necessary for this type of polymer in an aqueous solution. Although the presence of a hydrophilic Y group is optional, cationic associative polyurethanes having such a group are preferred.

(II) quaternized cellulose derivatives and polyacrylates with non-cyclic amine side groups. The quaternized cellulose derivatives are in particular: quaternized celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof, quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups containing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof. The alkyl radicals borne by the above-quaternized celluloses or hydroxyethylcelluloses preferably contain from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The aryl radicals preferably denote phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups. Examples of C8-C30 fatty chain quaternized alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses are the products QUATRISOFT LM 200, 2935267 -12- QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18-A, QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-18B (C12alkyl) and QUATRISOFT LM-X 529-8 (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company AMERCHOL and the products CRODACEL QM, CRODACEL QL (C12 alkyl) and CRODACEL QS (C18 alkyl) marketed by the company CRODA. (III) - The cationic polyvinyllactams whose family has been described by the Applicant in the French patent application No. -0101106. Said polymers comprise: -a) at least one monomer of the vinyl lactam or alkylvinyllactam type, 10 -b) at least one monomer with the following structures (V) or (VI): R3 + CHFC (R1) ùCOùXù (Y) r (CH2 -CH 2 O) n. (CH 2 -CH (R 2) -O) n (Y 1) q NùR 4 Z-R 5 (V) CH 2 C (R 1) n -CH 2 O (Y) (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) n. (CH 2 -CH (R 2) -O) n (Y 1) q (VI) in which: X denotes an oxygen atom or an NR 6 radical, R 1 and R 6 denote, independently of one another, an atom of hydrogen or a linear or branched C1-C5 alkyl radical, R2 denotes a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl radical, R3, R4 and R5 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl radical or a radical of formula (VII): (Y2) r (CH2-CH (R7) -O) x R8 (VII) Y, Y1 and Y2 denote, independently one on the other, a linear or branched C2-C16 alkylene radical, R7 denotes a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl radical or a linear or branched C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl radical, R8 denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl radical, p, q and r denote, independently of one another, either the zero value or the value 1, 30 m and n denote, independently each other, an integer ranging from 0 to 100, x denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100, Z denotes an organic or inorganic acid anion, provided that: at least one of the substituents R3 , R4, R5 or R8 denotes a linear or branched C9-C30 alkyl radical, - if m or n is other than zero, then q is 1, - if m or n are equal to zero, then p or q is equal to O. The cationic poly (vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked and may also be block polymers. Preferably, the Z - counterion of the monomers of formula (V) is chosen from halide ions, phosphate ions, methosulphate ion and tosylate ion.

Preferably R3, R4 and R5 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C30 alkyl radical. More preferably, the monomer b) is a monomer of formula (V) for which, still more preferably, m and n are equal to zero. The vinyl lactam or alkylvinyllactam monomer is preferably a compound of structure (VIII): CH (R9) = C (Rlo) -N / uC) (CH2) s (VIII) in which: s denotes an integer ranging from 3 to R9 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical, R10 denotes a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical, provided that at least one of the radicals R9 and R10 denotes a hydrogen atom. Even more preferentially, the monomer (VIII) is vinylpyrrolidone. The cationic poly (vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention may also contain one or more additional monomers, preferably cationic or nonionic monomers. As more particularly preferred compounds according to the invention, mention may be made of the following terpolymers comprising at least: a) a monomer of formula (VIII), b) a monomer of formula (V) in which p = 1, q = 0, R3 and R4 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical and R5 denotes a C9-C24 alkyl radical and c) a monomer of formula ( VI) in which R3 and R4 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a C1-C5 alkyl radical. Even more preferably, the terpolymers comprising, by weight, 40 to 95% of monomer (a), 0.1 to 55% of monomer (c) and 0.25 to 50% of monomer (b) will be used. Such polymers are described in patent application WO-00/68282, the content of which forms an integral part of the invention. As poly (vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention, particularly using the vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide / 5 dodecyldimethylmethacrylamidopropylammonium tosylate, the terpolymers vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide / propylammonium tosylate cocoyldiméthylméthacrylamido, the vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide / tosylate or chloride lauryldiméthylméthacrylamidopropylammonium. (IV) -the cationic polymers (i) obtained by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising one or more vinyl monomers substituted by one or more amino groups, one or more hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomers and one or more associative vinyl monomers. The cationic polymer (s) (i) used in the composition according to the invention, and their manufacturing process, are described in particular in International Application WO 2004/024779. By vinyl monomer is meant in the sense of the present invention a monomer comprising at least one group ROCH = C (Ro) -, wherein each Ro is independently H, a C1-C30 alkyl group, -000H, -CO-ORo ', -O-CO-Ro', -CO-NHRo ', or -CO-NRo'Ro ", Ro' and Ro" representing a C1-C30 alkyl group. Thus, for example, within the meaning of the present invention, (meth) acrylates and (meth) acrylamides are vinyl monomers. The vinyl monomers substituted with one or more amino groups that can be used for the preparation of the cationic polymer (i) used in the composition according to the invention are ethylenically unsaturated, basic and polymerizable monomers. The amino groups may be derived from monoalkyl, di- or polyamino groups, or from heteroaromatic groups containing a nitrogen atom. The amino groups may be primary, secondary or tertiary amines.

These monomers can be used in the form of amine or in the form of salt. Preferably, the vinyl monomer (s) substituted with one or more amino groups are chosen from: - (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) amino (meth) acrylates amino (C 1 -C 8 alkyl) 1 - (meth) acrylates di (C1-C4) alkylamino (C1-C8) alkyl, preferably di (C1-C4alkyl) alkylamino (C1-C6alkyl) (meth) acrylates, C4) amino (C1-C8) alkyl (meth) acrylamides, - di (C1-C4) alkylamino (C1-C8) alkyl (meth) acrylamides, (meth) acrylamides with a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, (meth) acrylates containing a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, nitrogen heterocycles with a vinyl group (s), and their mixtures. As vinyl monomers substituted with one or more preferred amino groups, mention may be made of: mono- or di-C 1 -C 4 alkylamino (C 1 -C 4) alkyl (meth) acrylates, such as (meth) ) 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate, 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylate, 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) butyl (meth) acrylate, (N, N-dimethylamino) -t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 3- (N, N-diethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylate 4- (N, N-diethylamino) butyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (N, N-dipropylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 3- (N, N-dipropylamino) (meth) acrylate; propyl and 4- (N, N-dipropylamino) butyl (meth) acrylate; mono- or di- (C1-C4) alkylamino (C1-C4) alkyl (meth) acrylamides such as N '- (2-N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylamide and N'- (3-N, N-dimethylamino) propyl acrylamide; (meth) acrylamides or (meth) acrylates containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, such as N- (2-pyridyl) acrylamide, N- (2-imidazolyl) methacrylamide, 2- (4-methyl) methacrylate; morpholinyl) ethyl, 2- (4-morpholinyl) ethyl acrylate, N- (4-morpholinyl) methacrylamide and N- (4-morpholinyl) acrylamide; and nitrogen containing heterocycles with vinyl group (s) such as 2-vinylpyridine and 4-vinylpyridine. When the monomers are in the form of salts, they may be inorganic salts, such as the hydrochloride, sulfate and phosphate salts; or salts of organic acids, such as acetate, maleate and fumarate salts. Vinyl monomers substituted by one or more particularly preferred amino groups are: 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylate, - N '- (3-N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acrylate tert-butylamino) ethyl, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylamide, and 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) neopentyl acrylate. The vinyl monomer (s) substituted with one or more amino groups generally represent from 10 to 70% by weight, preferably from 20 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 40% by weight, relative to total weight of the monomer mixture. The hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomer (s) usable for the preparation of the cationic polymer (i) used in the composition according to the invention are generally chosen from compounds corresponding to formula (IX) or (X): (IX) CH 2 = C (X) Z,

(X) CH2 = CH-OC (O) R;

in which formulas (IX) and (X): X represents H or a methyl group; Z is selected from C (O) OR ', -C (O) NH2, -C (O) NHR', - C (O) N (R1) 2, -C6H5, -C6H4R1, -C6H4OR ', -C6H4Cl, -ON, -NHC (O) CH3, -NHC (O) H, N- (2-pyrrolidonyl), N-caprolactamyl, -C (O) NHC (CH3) 3, -C (O) NHCH2CH2- N H-CH2CH2-urea, -SiR3, -C (O) O (CH2) XSiR3, -C (O) NH (CH2) XSiR3 and ù (CH2) XSiR3; x represents an integer ranging from 1 to 6; each R is independently C 1 -C 30 alkyl; Each R 'independently represents a C1-C30 alkyl group, a C2-C30 alkyl group hydroxylated, or a halogenated C1-C30 alkyl group. Mention may in particular be made of C1-C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates; (C 1 -C 30) alkyl (meth) acrylamides; styrene, substituted styrenes and especially vinyltoluene (or 2-methylstyrene), butylstyrene, isopropylstyrene, para-chlorostyrene; vinyl esters and in particular vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl caprolate, vinyl pivalate and vinyl neodecanoate; unsaturated nitriles and in particular (meth) acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile; and unsaturated silanes and especially trimethylvinylsilane, dimethylethylvinylsilane, allyldimethylphenylsilane, allyltrimethylsilane, 3-acrylamidopropyltrimethylsilane, 3-trimethylsilylpropyl methacrylate. Preferably, the hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomer or monomers are chosen from esters of acrylic acid and of C1-C30 alkyl, esters of methacrylic acid and of C1-C30 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, such as ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof. The hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomer or monomers generally represent from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 20 to 70% by weight, better still from 50 to 65% by weight, relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. The one or more associative vinyl monomers that can be used for the preparation of the cationic polymer (i) used in the composition according to the invention are generally chosen from compounds having an ethylenically unsaturated end (I ') for addition polymerization with other monomers of the system, a central polyoxyalkylene moiety (ii ') for imparting selective hydrophilic properties to the polymers, and a hydrophobic end (iii') for imparting selective hydrophobic properties to the polymers. The ethylenically unsaturated end (i ') of the associative vinyl monomer (s) is preferably derived from a mono- or di-carboxylic acid or anhydride with unsaturated (s) a, 8- ethylenic (s), preferably a C3 or C4 mono or dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. Alternatively, the end (i ') of the associative monomer may be derived from an allylic ether or a vinyl ether; a vinyl substituted urethane nonionic monomer as disclosed in US Reissue Patent No. 33,156 or US Patent No. 5,294,692; Or a vinyl-substituted urea reaction product as disclosed in US Patent 5,011,978. The central portion (ii ') of the associative vinyl monomer (s) is preferably a polyoxyalkylene segment comprising 5 to 250, more preferably 10 to 120, and more preferably 15 to 60 C 2 -C 7 alkylene oxide units. Preferred central portions (ii ') are polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, and polyoxybutylene segments comprising 5 to 150, preferably 10 to 100, and more preferably 15 to 60 ethylene, propylene or butylene oxide units, and random sequences. or non-random ethylene oxide units, propylene oxides or butylene oxides. Preferably, the central portions are polyoxyethylene segments. The hydrophobic end (iii ') of the associative vinyl monomer (s) is preferably a hydrocarbon moiety selected from a linear C8-C40 alkyl group, a C1-C40 alkyl group substituted with an aryl group, a substituted phenyl group by a C 2 -C 40 alkyl group, a C 8 -C 40 branched alkyl group, a C 8 -C 40 alicyclic group, and a C 8 -C 80 complex ester. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "complex ester" means any ester other than a simple ester. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "simple ester" means any linear or branched and unsubstituted C1-C30 saturated aliphatic alcohol ester. Examples of hydrophobic ends (iii ') of the at least one associative vinyl monomer are linear or branched alkyl groups having from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, such as capryl (C8), isooctyl (branched C8), decyl ( Clo), lauryl (C12), myristyl (C14), cetyl (CI6), cetearyl (CI6-C18), stearyl (C18), isostearyl (branched C18), arachidyl (C20), behenyl (C22), lignoceryl (C24), cerotyl (C26), montanyl (C28), melyssile (CM) and lacceryl (C32). Examples of linear or branched alkyl groups having 8 to 40 carbon atoms and derived from a natural source include alkyl groups derived from hydrogenated peanut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, and the like. (predominantly C18), and C16-C18 hydrogenated tallow oil; and C10-C30 hydrogenated terpenols, such as hydrogenated geraniol (branched Cio), hydrogenated farnesol (branched C15) and hydrogenated phytol (branched C20). Examples of C 2 -C 40 alkyl-substituted phenyl are octylphenyl, nonylphenyl, decylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, hexadecylphenyl, octadecylphenyl, isooctylphenyl and sec-butylphenyl. C 8 -C 40 alicyclic groups may be, for example, groups derived from sterols of animal origin, such as cholesterol, lanosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol; or groups derived from plant-derived sterols, such as phytosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol; or sterol derivatives derived from microorganisms, such as ergosterol and mycrosterol. Other alicyclic groups useful in the present invention are, for example, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, adamantyl and decahydronaphthyl, and groups derived from naturally occurring alicyclic compounds such as pinene, hydrogenated retinol, camphor and isobornyl alcohol. Alkyl-substituted C 2 -C 40 alkyl groups may be, for example, a 2-phenylethyl group, a 2,4-diphenylbutyl group, a 2,4,6-triphenylhexyl group, a 4-phenylbutyl group, a group 2-methyl-2-phenylethyl and 2,4,6-tri (1'-phenylethyl) phenyl. As complex C8-C80, preferably C8-C40, esters which may be used as end (iii '), mention may especially be made of hydrogenated castor oil (mainly 12-hydroxystearic acid triglyceride); 1,2-diacylglycerols such as 1,2-distearylglycerol, 1,2-dipalmitylglycerol, 1,2-dimyristylglycerol; sugar di-, tri- or polyesters such as 3,4,6-tristearylglucose, 2,3-dilaurylfructose; and sorbitan esters such as those disclosed in US Patent 4,600,761. The associative vinyl monomers that can be used according to the invention can be prepared by any method known in the prior art. For example, US Pat. Nos. 4,421,902, US 4,384,096, US 4,514,552, US 4,600,761, US 4,616,074, US 5,294,692, US 5,292,843; US 5,770,760 and US 5,412,142. Preferably, the one or more associative vinyl monomers that can be used according to the invention are chosen from the compounds of formula (XI): ## STR2 ## in which each R2 is independently H, methyl, -C (O) OH, or -C (O) OR3; R3 represents a C1-C30 alkyl group; A represents a group -CH2C (O) O-, -C (O) O-, -O-, -CH2O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -C (O) NH-, -Ar- (CE2) Z -NHC (O) O-, -Ar- (CE2) Z NHC (O) NH- or -CH2CH2-NHC (O) -; Ar represents an arylene group; E represents H or a methyl group; z is 0 or 1; k is an integer from 0 to 30; m is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when k = 0, m = 0, and when k varies from 1 to 30, m is 1; (R4-O) n represents a polyoxyalkylene group, which is a homopolymer, a random copolymer, or a block copolymer, having C2-C4 oxyalkylene units, R4 represents -C2H4-, -C3H6-, -C4H8- or their mixtures, n is an integer ranging from 5 to 250, Y rerpesent R4O-, -R4NH-, -C (O) -, -C (O) NH-, R4NHC (O) NH-, or -C (O) NHC (0) -; R5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group selected from C8-C40 linear alkyl groups, C8-C40 branched alkyl groups, C8-C40 alicyclic groups, C6-C40 alkyl substituted phenyl groups; C2-C40 alkyl groups substituted with an aryl group, and C8-C80 complex esters, the alkyl group R5 optionally comprising one or more substituents chosen from hydroxyl, alkoxyl and halogen groups. Preferably, the at least one associative vinyl monomer is chosen from polyethoxylated cetyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated cetearyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated stearyl (meth) acrylates and polyethoxylated arachidyl (meth) acrylates. polyethoxylated behenyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated lauryl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated cerotyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated montanyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated melissyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) polyethoxylated acrylates of lacceryl, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of 2,4,6-tri (1'-phenylethyl) phenyl, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of hydrogenated castor oil, (meth) acrylates polyethoxylated canola, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of cholesterol and mixtures thereof, wherein the polyethoxylated portion of the monomer comprises from 5 to 100, preferably from 10 to 80, and more preferably from 15 to 60 m oxides of ethylene. More particularly, the associative vinyl monomer or monomers are chosen from polyethoxylated cetyl methacrylates, polyethoxylated cetearyl methacrylates, polyethoxylated stearyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated arachidyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of Behenyl, polyethoxylated lauryl (meth) acrylates, wherein the polyethoxylated portion of the monomer comprises from 10 to 80, preferably from 15 to 60 and most preferably from 20 to 40, ethylene oxide units. Preferably, the associative vinyl monomer (s) represent (s) from 0.001 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 15% by weight and better still from 0.1 to 15% by weight of the monomer mixture. Preferably, the monomer mixture for obtaining cationic polymers (i) additionally contains one or more semi-hydrophobic monomers. The semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer (s) optionally present in the monomer mixture can moderate the associative properties of the cationic associative polymers which contain them, thereby producing aqueous gels having a very good texture and very good rheological properties. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer" is understood to mean a structure similar to an associative monomer, but which has a substantially non-hydrophobic end and thus does not confer associative property on the polymers. The associative property of a polymer is related to the property in a given medium of the molecules of said polymer to associate with each other or to associate with molecules of a coagent (generally a surfactant) which results in In a certain range of concentrations at a further increase in the viscosity of the medium. The semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer or monomers are generally compounds having two parts: (i ") an unsaturated end group to allow addition polymerization with the other monomers of the reaction mixture, and (ii") a polyoxyalkylene group for mitigate the associations between the hydrophobic groups of the polymer or the hydrophobic groups of the other materials possibly present in the composition containing the polymer. The end providing the vinyl or ethylenic unsaturation for the addition polymerization is preferably derived from a mono- or di-carboxylic acid or anhydride having α, β-ethylenic unsaturation, preferably a mono acid. or C3-C4 di-carboxylic acid, or an anhydride thereof. Alternatively, the end (i ") may be derived from an allylic ether, a vinyl ether or a nonionic unsaturated urethane, the polymerizable unsaturated end (i") may also be derived from an acid unsaturated C8-C30 fatty acid containing at least one free carboxy functional group. This C8-C30 group is part of the unsaturated end (i ") and is different from the hydrophobic groups during associative monomers, which are separated from the unsaturated end of the associative monomer by a hydrophilic spacer group. Polyoxyalkylene comprises a long chain polyoxyalkylene segment, which is substantially similar to the hydrophilic portion of the associative monomers. Preferred polyoxyalkylene (ii ") moieties include C 2 -C 4 polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, and polyoxybutylene moieties comprising from 5 to 250, preferably from 10 to 100 oxyalkylene units, When the semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer comprises more than one These units may be arranged in random, non-random or block sequence, preferably the semis hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer or monomers are chosen from compounds of formulas (XII) or (XI): R 6 CH Wherein (C1 2) p (O) R (R8O) -R9 D11Au (CH2) p (O) r (R8O) 7 R9 (X111) in which formulas (XII) and (X111):

each R6 is independently H, C1-C30 alkyl, -C (O) OH, or -C (O) OR7; R7 represents a C1-C30 alkyl group; A is -CH2C (O) O-, -C (O) O-, -O-, -CH2O-, -NHC (O) NH-, -C (O) NH-, -Ar- (CE2) ) Z-NHC (O) O-, -Ar- (CE2) Z NHC (O) NH- or -CH2CH2NHC (O) -; Ar is an arylene group; E represents H or a methyl group; z is 0 or 1; p is an integer from 0 to 30; R is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when p is 0, r is 0, and when p varies from 1 to 30, r is 1, (R8-O) is a polyoxyalkylene group; which is a homopolymer, a random copolymer, or a block copolymer with C2-C4 oxyalkylene units, wherein R8 is -C2H4-, -C3H6-, -C4H8- or mixtures thereof, and v is an integer ranging from 5 to 250; R9 represents H or a C1-C4 alkyl group; D represents an alkenyl group at 08-030 or an alkenyl group at 08-030 substituted with a carboxy group. Particularly preferably, the monomer mixture comprises a semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer having one of the following formulas:

CH2 = CH-O (CH2) aO (C3H60) b (C2H40) CH or CH2 = CHCH2O (O3H60) d (O2H40) eH; Wherein: a is 2, 3, or 4; b is an integer from 1 to 10; c is an integer from 5 to 50; D is an integer from 1 to 10; and e is an integer ranging from 5 to 50. Preferred semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomers are, for example, the polymerizable emulsifiers sold under the references EMULSOGEN® R109, R208, R307, RAL109, RAL208 and RAL307 by the company CLARIANT ; BX-AA-E5P5 sold by the company BIMAX; and the MAXEMUL 5010 and 5011 marketed by the company UNIQEMA. Particularly preferred monomers are EMULSOGEN R208, R307 and RAL 307. According to the manufacturers: EMULSOGEN R109 is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether having the empirical formula: CH2 = CH-O (CH2) 40 (03H60) 4 (2:40) 10H; EMULSOGEN R208 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether having the empirical formula: CH2 = CH-O (CH2) 4O (C3H6O) 4 (C2H4O) 20H; EMULSOGEN R307 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether having the empirical formula: CH2 = CH-O (CH2) 4O (C3H6O) 4 (C2H4O) 30H; EMULSOGEN RAL 109 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated allylic ether having the empirical formula CH2 = CHCH2-O (C3H6O) 4 (C2H4O) 10H; EMULSOGEN RAL 208 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated allylic ether having the empirical formula CH2 = CHCH2-O (C3H6O) 4 (C2H4O) 20H; EMULSOGEN RAL 307 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated allylic ether having the empirical formula CH2 = CHCH2-O (C3H6O) 4 (C2H4O) 30H; MAXEMUL 5010, which is a hydrophobic carboxylated O12-C15 alkenyl, ethoxylated with 24 units of ethylene oxide, MAXEMUL 5011 which is a hydrophobic O12-C15 alkenyl, ethoxylated with 34 ethylene oxide units; and BX-AA-E5P5 which is a random ethoxylated / propoxylated allylic ether having the empirical formula: CH2 = CHCH2-O (C3H6O) (02H4O) 5H. The amount of the semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer (s) used in the preparation of the cationic thickening polymers can vary widely and depends, inter alia, on the final rheological properties desired for the polymer. It ranges from 0 to 25% by weight, more preferably from 0.01 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. The cationic polymer (s) (i) used in the composition according to the invention are prepared from a monomer mixture which may contain one or more hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomers. These monomers are ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising one or more hydroxyl substituents. As hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomers, mention may be made of (C 1 -C 6) hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, preferably C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates, such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). ) 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and 3-hydroxypropyl acrylate; (C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl) (meth) acrylamides, such as N- (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylamide, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N- (3-hydroxypropyl) acrylamide and N- (2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide; 3-dihydroxypropyl) acrylamide; and their mixtures. Mention may also be made of allyl alcohol, the monoallyl ether of glycerol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, the precursors of vinyl alcohol and their equivalents, such as vinyl acetate. When present, the hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomer (s) generally represent up to 10% by weight of the total weight of the monomer mixture. II (s) represents (s) therefore from 0 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the monomer mixture. Preferably, the hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomer or monomers represent from 0.01 to 10% by weight, better still from 1 to 8%, and still from 1 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. The cationic polymer (s) (i) used in the composition according to the invention are prepared from a monomer mixture which may comprise one or more crosslinking monomers for introducing branching and controlling the molecular weight. Useful polyunsaturated crosslinking agents are well known in the state of the art. Monounsaturated compounds having a reactive group capable of crosslinking a copolymer formed before, during or after the polymerization can also be used. Other usable crosslinking monomers may be polyfunctional monomers containing multiple reactive groups such as epoxide groups, isocyanates and hydrolyzable silane groups. Many polyunsaturated compounds can be used to generate a partially or substantially crosslinked three-dimensional network. Examples of polyunsaturated crosslinking monomers which may be used are, for example, polyunsaturated aromatic monomers, such as divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthylene and trivinylbenzene; polyunsaturated alicyclic monomers, such as 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane; difunctional esters of phthalic acid such as diallyl phthalate; polyunsaturated aliphatic monomers, such as dienes, trienes and tetraenes, especially isoprene, butadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,5,9-decatriene, 1,9-decadiene and 1, Heptadiene. Other polyunsaturated crosslinking monomers which can be used are, for example, polyalkenyl ethers, such as triallylpentaerythritol, diallylpentaerythritol, diallylsucrose, octaallylsucrose and trimethylolpropane diallyl ether; polyunsaturated esters of polyalcohols or polyacids, such as 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, tetramethylene tri (meth) acrylate, allyl acrylate, diallyl itaconate, diallyl fumarate diallyl maleate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate and polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate; alkylenebisacrylamides such as methylenebisacrylamide and propylenebisacrylamide; hydroxylated and carboxylated derivatives of methylene-bisacrylamide, such as N, N'-bismethylol-methylene-2,3-bisacrylamide; polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, such as ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate; polyunsaturated silanes such as dimethyldivinylsilane, methyltrivinylsilane, allyldimethylvinylsilane, diallyldimethylsilane and tetravinylsilane; polyunsaturated stannanes such as tetraallyltin and diallyldimethyltin. Suitable monounsaturated crosslinking monomers bearing a reactive group may be N-methylolacrylamides; N-alkoxy (meth) acrylamides, wherein the alkoxy group has from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and unsaturated hydrolyzable silanes such as triethoxyvinylsilane, tris-isopropoxyvinylsilane and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl methacrylate. Useful polyfunctional crosslinking monomers containing more than one reactive group may be, for example, hydrolysable silanes such as ethyltriethoxysilane and ethyltrimethoxysilane; epoxidized hydrolyzable silanes such as 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltriethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; polyisocyanates such as 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,4-phenylenediisocyanate and 4,4'-oxybis (phenyl isocyanate); unsaturated epoxides such as glycidyl methacrylate and allyl glycidyl ether; polyepoxides such as diglycidyl ether, 1,2,5,6-diepoxyhexane, and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. Particularly useful polyunsaturated crosslinking monomers are ethoxylated polyols, such as diols, triols and bisphenols, ethoxylated with from 2 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of hydroxyl functional group and terminated by a polymerizable unsaturated group such as a vinyl ether, an allyl ether, an acrylate ester or a methacrylate ester. Such crosslinking monomers may be, for example, ethoxylated dimethacrylate of biphenol A, ethoxylated dimethacrylate of biphenol F, and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Other ethoxylated crosslinking monomers useful in the present invention are, for example, the crosslinking agents derived from the ethoxylated polyols disclosed in US 6,140,435. Particularly preferred examples of crosslinking monomers are acrylate and methacrylate esters of polyols having minus two acrylate or methacrylate ester groups, such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), trimethylolpropane dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimeth- ylate (30) (EOBDMA). When they are present, the crosslinking monomer (s) preferably represent at most 5% by weight relative to the weight of the monomer mixture. According to a preferred embodiment, the crosslinking monomers are present in a content ranging from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 2% by weight, better still from 0.1 to 1% by weight. relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. The monomer mixture may further contain one or more chain transfer agents. Chain transfer agents are well known compounds of the state of the art. Mention may in particular be made of thiolated compounds, disulfide compounds, such as C 1 -C 18 mercaptans, mercaptocarboxylic acids, mercaptocarboxylic acid esters, thioesters, (C 1 -C 18) alkyl disulfides, aryldisulphides, polyfunctional thiols; phosphites and hypophosphites; haloalkane compounds, such as carbon tetrachloride, bromotrichloromethane; and unsaturated chain transfer agents, such as alpha-methylstyrene. Polyfunctional thiols are, for example, trifunctional thiols, such as trimethylolpropane-tris- (3-mercaptopropionate), tetrafunctional thiols, such as pentaerythritol-tetra (3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetra (thioglycolate) ) and pentaerythritol tetra (thiolactate); hexafunctional thiols, such as pentaerythritol-hexa- (thioglyconate). Alternatively, the chain transfer agent (s) may be catalytic chain transfer agents which reduce the molecular weight of the addition polymers in the free radical polymerization of the vinyl monomers. There may be mentioned, for example, cobalt complexes, especially cobalt (II) chelates. Catalytic chain transfer agents can often be used at low concentrations as compared with thiolated chain transfer agents. Particularly preferably, octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan, hexadecyl mercaptan, octadecyl mercaptan (ODM), isooctyl, may be mentioned as chain transfer agent. 3-mercaptopropionate (IMP), butyl 3-mercaptopropionate, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, butyl thioglycolate, isooctyl thioglycolate, dodecyl thioglycolate. When (s) is (are) present, the chain transfer agent (s) are added to the monomer mixture preferably up to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. Preferably, the chain transfer agent (s) represent from 0.1% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of monomers. The monomer mixture for the preparation of the cationic polymer (i) used in the composition according to the invention may comprise one or more polymeric stabilizing agents for obtaining stable dispersions or emulsions. Preferably, the stabilizing polymers are soluble in water. Mention may be made, for example, of synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohols, partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamides, polymethacrylamides, carboxylated addition polymers and polyalkyl vinyl ethers; natural water-soluble polymers, such as gelatin, peptines, alginates, casein; modified natural polymers, such as methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, allyl hydroxyethylcelluloses. The polymeric stabilizers are used in an amount at most equal to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the monomer mixture, preferably in an amount of from 0.0001 to 1% by weight, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture. According to a preferred embodiment, the monomer mixture comprises, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture: a) from 10 to 70% by weight of one or more vinyl monomers substituted with one or more amino groups, b) from 20 to 80% by weight of one or more hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomers, c) from 0.001 to 25% by weight of one or more associative vinyl monomers, d) from 0 to 25% by weight of one or more several semihydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomers, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomers, f) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more crosslinking monomers, g) from 0 to 10 % by weight of one or more chain transfer agents, and h) from 0 to 2% by weight of one or more polymeric stabilizers. Even more preferably, the monomer mixture comprises, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture: a) from 20 to 60% by weight of the vinyl monomer (s) substituted by one or more amino groups, b) from 20 to 70% by weight of the hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomer (s), (c) from 0.01 to 15% by weight of the vinylic associative monomer (s), d) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of the semihydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomer (s) (e) from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomer (s), (f) from 0.001 to 5% by weight of the crosslinking monomer (s), g) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of the or chain transfer agents, and h) from 0 to 2% by weight of the polymeric stabilizer (s). According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the monomer mixture for the preparation of the cationic polymer (i) used in the composition according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the monomer mixture: a) from 20 to 50% by weight; weight of one or more vinyl monomers substituted with one or more amino groups selected from: 10 - 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylate, - N '- (3-N, N-dimethylamino) ) propyl (meth) acrylamide, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (N, N-diethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (tert-butylamino) ethyl, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl (meth) acrylamide, and 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) neopentyl acrylate, b) 50-65. % by weight of one or more hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomers selected from esters of acrylic acid and of C1-C30 alkyl, esters of methacrylic acid and C1-C30 alkyl, and mixtures thereof c) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more associative vinyl monomers selected from polyethoxylated cetyl methacrylates, polyethoxylated cetearyl methacrylates, polyethoxylated stearyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylates polyethoxylated arachidyl, polyethoxylated behenyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated lauryl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated cerotyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated montanyl (meth) acrylates, polyethoxylated melissyl (meth) acrylates polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of lacceryl, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of 2,4,6-tri (1'-phenylethyl) phenyl, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of hydrogenated castor oil, (meth) polyethoxylated canola acrylates, polyethoxylated (meth) acrylates of cholesterol and mixtures thereof, d) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more semi-hydrophobic vinyl surfactant monomers having one of the following formulas: the following :

CH2 = CH-O (CH2) aO (C3H60) b (C2H40) CH or CH2 = CHCH2O (C3H6O) d (C2H4O) eH

in which: a is 2, 3, or 4; B is an integer from 1 to 10; c is an integer from 5 to 50; d is an integer from 1 to 10; and e is an integer from 5 to 50, 5 e) up to 10% by weight of one or more hydroxylated nonionic vinyl monomers, f) up to 5% by weight of one or more crosslinking monomers, g) up to 10% by weight of one or more chain transfer agents, and h) up to 2% by weight of one or more polymeric stabilizers. The cationic polymers (i) still more preferred according to the invention are polymers resulting from the polymerization of the following monomer mixture: a di (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) amino methacrylate (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), a or more C 1 -C 30 alkyl esters and (meth) acrylic acid, C 10 -C 30 alkyl methacrylate polyethoxylated with 20 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol allyl ether Polypropylene glycol 30/5, a hydroxy (C 2 -C 6) alkyl methacrylate, an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

Among the cationic polymers (i) used in the composition according to the invention, mention may in particular be made of the compound sold by LUBRIZOL under the name CARBOPOL AQUA CC POLYMER and which corresponds to the name INCI POLYACRYLATE-1 CROSSPOLYMER. POLYACRYLATE-1 CROSSPOLYMER is the product of the polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising: - di (C 1 -C 4) alkylamino (C 1 -C 6) alkyl methacrylate, - one or more alkyl esters of C1-C30 and (meth) acrylic acid; polyethylene oxide C10-C30 alkyl methacrylate (20-25 moles of ethylene oxide unit); polyethylene glycol / polypropylene glycol 30/5 allyl ether; a hydroxy (C 2 -C 6) alkyl methacrylate, and an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

The amphoteric associative polymers are preferably chosen from those comprising at least one non-cyclic cationic unit. Even more particularly, those prepared from or comprising 1 to 20 mole% of monomer having a fatty chain, and preferably 1.5 to 15 mole% and more preferably 1.5 to 6 mole% are preferred. , relative to the total number of moles of monomers. The preferred amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention comprise, or are prepared by copolymerizing: 1) at least one monomer of formula (XIVa) or (XIVb): ## STR2 ## Wherein R 1 and R 2, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; R 3, R 4 and R 5, which may be identical or different, represent a radical; linear or branched alkyl having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Z represents an NH group or an oxygen atom, n is an integer from 2 to 5, A- is an anion derived from an organic or inorganic acid, such as a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide; 2) at least one monomer of formula (XV): wherein R 6 and R 7, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; and 3) at least one monomer of formula (XVI): wherein R 6 and R 7, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, X denotes an oxygen atom, or nitrogen and R8 denotes a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; At least one of the monomers of formula (XIVa), (XIVb) or (XVI) comprising at least one fatty chain. The monomers of formula (XIVa) and (XIVb) of the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of: - dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, dimethylaminoethylacrylate, diethylaminoethylmethacrylate, diethylaminoethylacrylate, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylate, dimethylaminopropylacrylate, 5-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, these monomers being optionally quaternized, for example by a C1-C4 alkyl halide or a C1-C4 dialkyl sulphate. More particularly, the monomer of formula (XIVa) is chosen from acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride. The monomers of formula (XV) of the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and 2-methylcrotonic acid. More particularly, the monomer of formula (X) is acrylic acid. The monomers of formula (XVI) of the present invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of C12-C22 and more particularly C16-C18 alkyl acrylates or methacrylates. The monomers constituting the amphoteric fatty-chain polymers of the invention are preferably already neutralized and / or quaternized. The ratio of the number of cationic charges / anionic charges is preferably equal to about 1. The amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention preferably comprise from 1 to 10 mol% of the monomer comprising a fatty chain (monomer of formula (XIVa), (XIVb) or (XVI)), and preferably from 1.5 to 6 mole%. The amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention may also contain other monomers such as nonionic monomers and in particular such as C1-C4 alkyl acrylates or methacrylates. Amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention are for example described and prepared in the patent application WO9844012. Among the amphoteric associative polymers according to the invention, acrylic acid / (meth) acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / stearyl methacrylate terpolymers are preferred. According to the invention, the nonionic associative polymers are preferably chosen from: (1) celluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain. By way of example, mention may be made of: hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups, or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are preferably C 8 -C 22 such as the product NATROSOL PLUS GRADE 330 CS (C16 alkyl) sold by the company AQUALON, or the product BERMOCOLL EHM 100 sold by the company BEROL NOBEL, - those modified with polyalkylene glycol ether alkyl phenol groups, such as the product AMERCELL POLYMER HM-1500 (polyethylene glycol (15) nonyl phenol ether) sold by the company Amerchol. (2) hydroxypropyl guars modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain such as the product ESAFLOR HM 22 (C22 alkyl chain) sold by the company LAMBERTI, the products RE210-18 (C14 alkyl chain) and RE205- 1 (C20 alkyl chain) sold by Rhodia Chimie. (3) inulins modified with groups comprising at least one fatty chain, such as the alkyl carbamate inulins and in particular the lauryl carbamate inulin sold by the company Orafti under the name INUTEC SPI. (4) copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and hydrophobic fatty-chain monomers which may be mentioned by way of example: the products ANTARON V216 or GANEX V216 (vinylpyrrolidone / hexadecene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P. products ANTARON V220 or GANEX V220 (vinylpyrrolidone / eicosene copolymer) sold by the company I.S.P. (5) copolymers of methacrylates or of C1-C6 alkyl acrylates and of amphiphilic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, the oxyethylenated methyl acrylate / stearyl acrylate copolymer sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT under the name ANTIL 208. And (6) copolymers of hydrophilic methacrylates or acrylates and of hydrophobic monomers comprising at least one fatty chain, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol methacrylate / lauryl methacrylate copolymer. (7) polyether polyurethanes comprising in their chain, both hydrophilic sequences most often polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic sequences which may be aliphatic sequences alone and / or cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic sequences. (8) polymers having an aminoplast ether skeleton having at least one fatty chain, such as the PURE THIX compounds proposed by the company SUD-10 CHEMIE. Preferably, the polyether polyurethanes comprise at least two hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by a hydrophilic sequence, the hydrocarbon chains possibly being pendant chains or chains at the end of the hydrophilic sequence. In particular, it is possible that one or more pendant chains are provided. In addition, the polymer may comprise a hydrocarbon chain at one end or at both ends of a hydrophilic block. The polyether polyurethanes may be multiblocked, in particular in the form of a triblock. The hydrophobic sequences may be at each end of the chain (for example: hydrophilic central block triblock copolymer) or distributed at both the ends and in the chain (multiblock copolymer for example). These same polymers may also be graft or star. The nonionic polyurethane polyethers with a fatty chain may be triblock copolymers whose hydrophilic sequence is a polyoxyethylenated chain containing from 50 to 1000 oxyethylenated groups. Nonionic polyurethane polyethers have a urethane bond between the hydrophilic blocks, hence the origin of the name. By extension are also included among the fatty-chain nonionic polyurethane polyethers, those whose hydrophilic sequences are linked to the lipophilic sequences by other chemical bonds. As examples of fatty-chain nonionic polyurethane polyethers that can be used in the invention, it is also possible to use Rheolate FX 1100 (Steareth-2935267 -34-100 / PEG 136 / HDI copolymer), urea-functional 205 Rheolate sold by the company ELEMENTIS or the Rheolates 208, 204 or 212, and the Acrysol RM 184. Mention may also be made of the product ELFACOS T210 with a C12-C14 alkyl chain and the product ELFACOS T212 with a C18 alkyl chain from AKZO. The product DW 1206B from Rohm & Haas containing a C20 alkyl chain and a urethane linkage, proposed at 20% solids content in water, may also be used. It is also possible to use solutions or dispersions of these polymers, especially in water or in aqueous-alcoholic medium. By way of example of such polymers, mention may be made of RHEOLATE 255, RHEOLATE 278 and RHEOLATE 244 sold by the company ELEMENTIS. It is also possible to use the product DW 1206F and the DW 1206J proposed by the company Rohm & Haas. The polyether polyurethanes which can be used according to the invention are in particular those described in the article by G. Fonnum, J. Bakke and Fk. Hansen - Colloid Polym. Sci 271, 380, 389 (1993). Even more particularly, according to the invention, it is also possible to use a polyether polyurethane obtainable by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 moles of ethylene oxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol or decyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate. Such polyether polyurethanes are sold in particular by Rohm & Haas under the names Aculyn 46 and Aculyn 44. Aculyn 46 is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol containing 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, stearyl alcohol and methylene. bis (4-cyclohexyl-isocyanate) (SMDI), 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%); ACULYN 44 is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol with 150 or 180 moles of ethylene oxide, decyl alcohol and methylenebis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate) (SMDI), at 35% by weight in a propylene glycol mixture (39). %) and water (26%)].

In a preferred composition according to the present invention, the associative polymers are chosen from those of nonionic or cationic type, in particular from polyether polyurethanes comprising at least one fatty chain, the inulin derivatives comprising at least one fatty chain, the quaternized cellulose derivatives comprising at least one fatty chain and the cationic polymers (i) obtained by means of 2935267 - 35 -

polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising one or more vinyl monomers substituted with one or more amino groups, one or more hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomers and one or more associative vinyl monomers. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the associative polymer (s) are chosen from nonionic associative polymers. Even more preferentially, the associative polymers are chosen from nonionic polyurethanes comprising at least one fatty chain and nonionic inulin derivatives comprising at least one fatty chain. According to another embodiment of the invention, the associative polymers are polymers with hydrophobic portions on one or more main chain ends. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the associative polymers have a number-based molecular mass of less than 500,000 and even more preferably less than 100,000, preferably ranging from 5,000 to 80,000 (measurable by methods such as cryoscopy, osmotic pressure, ebullioscopy, titration of terminal groups). The associative polymer (s) in the composition according to the invention are present in a concentration of between 2 and 60% by weight, preferably in a concentration ranging from 3 to 40% and better still ranging from 5 to 30% by weight. total weight of the composition used. The compositions of the invention may comprise one or more surfactants chosen from anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants. The anionic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the invention are especially chosen from salts, in particular alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, ammonium salts, amine salts, sodium salts and the like. aminoalcohols or alkaline earth metal salts, for example magnesium, of the following types: alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl amido ether sulphates, alkyl aryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates, alkyl sulphonates, alkyl amide sulphonates, alkyl aryl sulphonates, olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylethersulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, acylsarcosinates and acylglutamates, alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds having from 6 to 24 carbon atoms and the aryl group preferably denotes a phenyl or benzyl group. C 6-24 alkyl monoesters and polyglycoside dicarboxylic acids such as alkyl glucoside citrates, alkyl polyglycoside tartrates and alkyl polyglycoside sulphosuccinates, alkyl sulphosuccinamates may also be used. , acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, the alkyl or acyl group of all these compounds having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Another group of anionic surfactants that can be used in the compositions of the present invention is that of acyl lactylates, the acyl group of which contains from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. In addition, mention may also be made of alkyl-D-galactoside uronic acids and their salts as well as polyoxyalkylenated (C 6-24) alkyl ether carboxylic acids, C 6-24 alkyl (C 6-24) aryl ether polyoxyalkylenated carboxylic acids. polyoxyalkylenated (C 6-24) amidoether carboxylic acids and their salts, in particular those containing from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates and mixtures thereof are preferably used, especially in the form of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium, amine or aminoalcohol.

Examples of additional nonionic surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are described for example in "Handbook of Surfactants" by M. R. PORTER, Blackie & Son Publishing (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp 116-178. They are chosen in particular from alcohols, alpha-diols, alkyl (C1-20) phenols or polyethoxylated, polypropoxylated or polyglycerolated fatty acids, having a fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the number of groups ethylene oxide or propylene oxide ranging in particular from 2 to 50 and the number of glycerol groups ranging in particular from 2 to 30. Mention may also be made of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide condensates on fatty alcohols; the polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, the polyglycerolated fatty amides comprising on average from 1 to 5 glycerol groups and in particular from 1.5 to 4, the fatty acid esters of the ethoxylated sorbitan having from 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, (C6-24) alkyl polyglycosides, N- (C6-24) alkyl derivatives, ) glucamine, amine oxides such as (C10-14) alkyl amine oxides or N- (C10-14) acyl aminopropylmorpholine oxides.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants which may be used in the present invention may be in particular derivatives of secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines in which the aliphatic group is a linear or branched chain containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and containing at least one anionic group such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group. Mention may in particular be made of (C 3-20) alkyl betaines, sulphobetaines, (C 3-20) alkylamido (C 6-3) alkylbenzines or (C 8-20) alkylamido (C 6-3 alkyl) sulphobetaines. . Among the amine derivatives, mention may be made of the products sold under the name MIRANOL, as described in US Pat. Nos. 2,528,378 and 2,781,354 and classified in the CTFA dictionary, 3rd edition, 1982, under the names Amphocarboxy. Glycinate and Amphocarboxypropionate of respective structures (A) and (B) Ra-CONHCH2CH2-N (Rb) (Rc) (CH2O00-) (A) wherein Ra represents an alkyl group derived from an Ra-COOH acid present in hydrolyzed coconut oil, a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl group,

Rb represents a beta-hydroxyethyl group, and R represents a carboxymethyl group; And Ra'-CONHCH2CH2-N (B) (B ') (B) wherein B is -CH2CH2OX', B 'is - (CH2) Z Y', where z = 1 or 2, X 'is the group -CH2CH2-COOH or a hydrogen atom, Y 'represents -COOH or the group -CH2-CHOH-SO3H, Ra' represents an alkyl group of an acid Ra'-COOH present in the coconut oil or in the hydrolyzed linseed oil, an alkyl group, especially C17 and its iso form, an unsaturated C17 group. These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names cocoamphodiacétate disodium, lauroamphodiacétate disodium, caprylamphodiacétate disodium, capryloamphodiacétate disodium, cocoamphodipropionate disodium, lauroamphodipropionate disodium, caprylamphodipropionate disodium, capryloamphodipropionate disodium, Lauroamphodipropionic acid, cocoamphodipropionic acid. By way of example, mention may be made of cocoamphodiacetate sold by RHODIA under the trade name MIRANOL C2M Concentrate. Among the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants mentioned above, use is preferably made of C 8-20 alkylbetaines, C 8-20 alkylamido (C 6-18 alkyl) betaines and mixtures thereof.

As indicated above, the composition used according to the invention preferably has a total surfactant content of from 0 to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0 to 4% by weight, from 0 to 2% by weight, from 0 to 1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the weight ratio of associative polymers / surfactants is greater than 0.5; still more preferably, it is greater than 5, better still greater than 10. Even more preferentially, the composition according to the invention is substantially free of surfactants, that is to say it comprises less than 0.5% by weight, less 0.1% by weight relative to the weight of the composition and more particularly that it is totally free of surfactant. The compositions according to the present invention may also comprise one or more cationic or amphoteric polymers, different from the associative polymers of the invention, such as, for example, those described in French patents No 2788974 and 2788976 and as described below. . These polymers are, for example, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers. For the purposes of the present invention, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers are understood to mean polymers having a solubility in water measured at 25 ° C. of not less than 0.1 gram / liter (g / L) (obtaining a macroscopically isotropic and transparent solution, colored or not). This solubility is preferably greater than or equal to 1 g / L. For the purpose of the present invention, the term "cationic polymer" denotes any polymer containing cationic groups and / or ionizable groups in cationic groups. The cationic polymers that may be used in accordance with the present invention may be chosen from all those already known per se as improving the cosmetic properties of the hair, namely in particular those described in the patent application EP-A-337 354 and in the French patents 2,270,846, 2,383,360, 2,598,611, 2,470,596 and 2,519,863. Preferred cationic polymers are selected from those containing units having primary, secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary amine groups. may either be part of the polymer backbone or may be carried by a side substituent directly connected thereto. The cationic polymers used generally have a number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 5 × 10 6, and preferably from about 10 3 to 3 × 10 6. Among the cationic polymers, mention may be made more particularly of the polyamine, polyaminoamide and quaternary polyammonium type polymers. These are known products. They are especially described in French Pat. Nos. 2,505,348 or 2,542,997. Among said polymers, mention may be made of: (1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one units of the following formulas ((XVII), (XVIII), (XIX) or (XX): R 3 R 3 R 3 O (VI 1 A (XVII) IN R 2 (vil NH A N + R 4 -'-1) In which R 3, which may be identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a CH 3 radical; A, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R6, identical or different, represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and preferably a alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R1 and R2, the same or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably methyl or ethyl; X denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid such as a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide. The polymers of family (1) may also contain one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetones acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyls (C1-C4). ), acrylic or methacrylic acids or their esters, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters. Thus, among these polymers of family (1), mention may be made of: the copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulphate or with a dimethyl halide; the copolymers of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described for example in the patent application EP-A-080976; the copolymer of acrylamide and methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium methosulphate; the vinylpyrrolidone / dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate copolymers, which may or may not be quaternized. These polymers are described in detail in French Patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573; dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam / vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers; vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamidopropyl dimethylamine copolymer; quaternized dimethylaminopropyl vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamide copolymers; crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl (C 1 -C 4) trialkyl (C 1 -C 4) ammonium salts, such as the polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized by methyl chloride, the homo or copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with an olefinically unsaturated compound, in particular methylenebisacrylamide. It is more particularly possible to use a crosslinked acrylamide / methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer (20/80 by weight) in the form of a dispersion containing 50% by weight of said copolymer in mineral oil. This dispersion is marketed under the name "SALCARE SC 92" by the company CIBA. It is also possible to use a crosslinked homopolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride containing about 50% by weight of the homopolymer in mineral oil or in a liquid ester. These dispersions are marketed under the names "SALCARE SC 95" and "SALCARE SC 96" by the company CIBA.

(2) Cationic polysaccharides and in particular those chosen from: (a) cellulose ether derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups described in French Patent 1,492,597. These polymers are also defined in the CTFA dictionary as ammonium 5 quaternaries of hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with an epoxide substituted with a trimethylammonium group.

(b) cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer, and described especially in US Pat. No. 4 131 576, such as hydroxyalkylcelluloses, such as hydroxymethyl-, hydroxyethyl- or hydroxypropylcellulose grafted in particular with a salt of methacryloylethyltrimethylammonium, methacrylmidopropyltrimethylammonium, dimethyl-diallylammonium.

(C) The cationic polygalactomannans described more particularly in US Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307, such as guar gums containing trialkylammonium cationic groups. For example, guar gums modified with a salt (eg chloride) of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium are used. (3) Polymers consisting of piperazinyl units and straight or branched chain alkylene or hydroxyalkylene divalent radicals, optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or aromatic or heterocyclic rings, as well as the products oxidation and / or quaternization of these polymers. Such polymers are especially described in French Patents 2,162,025 and 2,280,361.

(4) water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular by polycondensation of an acidic compound with a polyamine; these polyaminoamides may be crosslinked by an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, a dianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a bis-unsaturated derivative, a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-alkyl halide or else by an oligomer resulting from the reaction of a bifunctional compound reactive with a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, a bis-halogenide alkyl, epilhalohydrin, diepoxide or bis-unsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being used in proportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 moles per amine group of the polyaminoamide; these polyaminoamides can be alkylated or if they contain one or more tertiary amine functions, quaternized. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patents 2,252,840 and 2,368,508.

(5) Polyamino amide derivatives resulting from the condensation of polyalkylene polyamines with polycarboxylic acids followed by alkylation with difunctional agents. Mention may be made, for example, of adipic acid-diacoylaminohydroxyalkyldialoylene triamine polymers in which the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent 1,583,363. Among these derivatives, mention may be made more particularly of adipic acid / dimethylaminohydroxypropyl / diethylene triamine polymers.

(6) Polymers obtained by reacting a polyalkylene polyamine having two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with a dicarboxylic acid selected from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms . The molar ratio between the polyalkylene polylamine and the dicarboxylic acid is between 0.8: 1 and 1.4: 1; the polyaminoamide resulting therefrom being reacted with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin relative to the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide of between 0.5: 1 and 1.8: 1. Such polymers are described in particular in the patents US 3,227,615 and 2,961,347. (7) cyclopolymers of alkyl diallyl amine or dialkyl diallyl ammonium such as homopolymers or copolymers having as their main constituent of the chain units of formula (XXI) or (XXII) (CH) k - (CH2) t ## STR2 ## where k and t are 0 or 1, the sum k + t being equal to 1, R 9 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical, other, denote an alkyl group having from 1 to 6

5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a lower amidoalkyl group (C1-C4), or R7 and R8 may jointly designate with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, heterocyclic groups, such as piperidinyl or morpholinyl; R7 and R8 independently of one another preferably designate a

Alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Y- is an anion such as bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate, phosphate. These polymers are described in particular in French Patent 2,080,759 and in its certificate of addition 2,190,406. (8) The quaternary diammonium polymer containing recurring units having the formula:

R10 R12 û (x11 1ù I 1 (XXIII) R11 X R13 X formula (XXIII) wherein:

R10, R11, R12 and R13, identical or different, represent radicals

Aliphatic, alicyclic, or arylaliphatic compounds containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or lower hydroxyalkylaliphatic radicals, or R10, R11, R12 and R13, together or separately, together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, form heterocycles optionally containing a second heteroatom other than nitrogen or R10, R11, R12 and R13 represent a C1-C6 alkyl radical

Linear or branched substituted with a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or -CO-O-R14-D or -CO-NH-R14-D group where R14 is alkylene and D is a quaternary ammonium group;

Al and B1 represent polymethylenic groups containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and which may contain, bound to or intercalated in the main chain, one or more aromatic rings, or one or more oxygen, sulfur or sulfoxide, sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium, ureido, amide or ester groups, and X- denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid; Al, R10 and R12 can form with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached a piperazine ring; in addition, if Al denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B1 can also denote a - (CH2) n -CO-D-OC- (CH2) n- group in which n is between 1 and 100; and preferably between 1 and 50, and D denotes: a) a glycol residue of formula: -OZO-, where Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to one of the following formulas: 10 - (CH 2 -CH 2 -O) x-CH 2 -CH 2 - - [CH 2 -CH (CH 3) -O] y -CH 2 -CH (CH 3) - where x and y denote an integer of 1 to 4, representing a defined degree of polymerization and any one or any number from 1 to 4 representing an average degree of polymerization; B) a bis-secondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative; c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: -NH-Y-NH-, where Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, or alternatively the divalent radical - CH 2 -CH 2 -S-S-CH 2 -CH 2 -; d) a ureylene group of formula: -NH-CO-NH-. Preferably, X- is an anion such as chloride or bromide. These polymers have a number-average molecular weight generally of between 1000 and 100,000. Polymers of this type are described, for example, in French patents 2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and patents. US Pat. Nos. 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614, 2,454,547, 3,206,462, 2,261,002, 2,271,378, 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193, 4,025,617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020. (XII T1 IAAIV) Polymers which consist of recurring units corresponding to the following formula (XXIV) can be used more particularly: ## STR5 ## in which which R10, R11, R12 and R13, which may be identical or different, denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n and p are integers ranging from 2 to 6 and, X- is an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid. (9) poly (quaternary ammonium) polymers consisting of recurring units of formula (XXV): CH 3 XX CH 3 N (CH 2) P NH-CO 2 DiNH 2 (CH 2) p - N (CH 2) 2 - O - (CH 2) 2 In which p denotes an integer ranging from 1 to about 6, D can be zero or may represent a group - (CH 2) r -CO-- in which r denotes a number equal to 4 or 7, X- is an anion; Such polymers can be prepared according to the processes described in US Pat. Nos. 4,157,388, 4,702,906 and 4,719,282. They are described in particular in patent application EP-A-122,324. (10) Polymers quaternaries of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole.

(11) Polyamines such as the product referred to as "POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (15) TALLOW POLYAMINE" in the CTFA dictionary.

Other cationic polymers which can be used in the context of the invention are polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, condensates of polyamines and of epichlorohydrin, quaternary polyureylenes and chitin derivatives. .

The amphoteric polymers that may be used in the compositions of the present invention may be chosen from polymers comprising K and M units statistically distributed in the polymer chain, where K denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and M denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer having one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups, or K and M may denote groups derived from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaines or sulphobetaines, and K and M may also designate a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulfonic group connected via a hydrocarbon radical, or else K and M are part of a chain of an ethylene α, β-dicarboxylic polymer having one of The carboxylic groups were reacted with a polyamine having one or more primary or secondary amine groups. The amphoteric polymers corresponding to the definition given above, which are more particularly preferred, are chosen from the following polymers:

(1) The polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound bearing a carboxylic group such as, more particularly, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloro acrylic acid, and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as, more particularly, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylate and acrylate, dialkylaminoalkylmethacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in US Pat. No. 3,836,537. Mention may also be made of sodium acrylate / acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride copolymer. The vinyl compound may also be a dialkyldiallylammonium salt such as dimethyldiallylammonium chloride. (2) Polymers having units derived from: a) at least one monomer selected from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen with an alkyl radical, b) at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups, and c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituent esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate. The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides which are more particularly preferred according to the invention are the groups in which the alkyl radicals contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-ethylacrylamide, N-tert-butyl-acrylamide and the corresponding methacrylamides. . The acidic comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, itaconic, maleic and fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of maleic or fumaric acids or anhydrides.

Preferred basic comonomers are aminoethyl, butylaminoethyl, N, N'-dimethylaminoethyl, and N-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylates.

(3) The partially or completely crosslinked and alkylated polyamino amides derived from polyamino amides of the general formula: H-CO-R 19 -CO-Z (XV)) in which R 19 represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, a aliphatic mono or dicarboxylic acid having an ethylenic double bond, an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or a radical derived from the addition of any one of said acids with an amine bis primary or secondary bis, and Z denotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono or bis-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mole%, the radical H (CH2) x HJp (XVI)

Where x = 2 and p = 2 or 3, or x = 3 and p = 2 this radical derived from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mol%, the radical (XXVII) above, in which x = 2 and p = 1 and which is derived from ethylenediamine, or the radical derived from piperazine:

c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol%, the -NH- (CH 2) 6 -NH- radical derived from hexamethylenediamine, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by addition of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins and diepoxides, dianhydrides, bis unsaturated derivatives, by means of 0.025 to 0.35 mole of crosslinking agent per amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloroacetic acid or an alkane sultone or their salts. The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as adipic acid, trimethyl-2,2,4-adipic acid and trimethyl-2,4,4-adipic acid, terephthalic acid. ethylenically double bonded acids such as acrylic, methacrylic, itaconic acids. The alkanesultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane or butane sultone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the sodium or potassium salts.

(4) Polymers having zwitterionic units of the formula: ## STR2 ## wherein R 20 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, and z represents an integer of 1 to 3, R 21 and R 22 represent a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl atom, R 23 and R 24 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical in such a way that the sum of the atoms of The polymers comprising such units may also comprise units derived from non-zwitterionic monomers such as dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides. or vinyl acetate. By way of example, mention may be made of the copolymer of butyl methacrylate / dimethylcarboxymethylammonioethyl methacrylate, such as the product sold under the name DIAFORMER Z301 by the company SANDOZ. (5) polymers derived from chitosan having monomer units having the following formulas (XXIX), (XXX), (XXXI): ## STR2 ## xzx) 1 R25-COOH (xx) (xxx I) the pattern (XXIX) being present in proportions between 0 and 30%, the pattern (XXX) in proportions between 5 and 50% and the pattern (XXXI) in proportions between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this

(XXXI) R25 represents a radical of the formula: ## STR2 ## wherein q is zero or 1;

if q = 0, R26, R27 and R28, which are identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl, acetoxy or amino residue, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkylthio or sulphonic groups, an alkylthio radical of which

the alkyl group carries an amino residue, at least one of the radicals R 26, R 27 and R 28 being in this case a hydrogen atom;

or if q = 1, R26, R27 and R28 each represents a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids. (6) Polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan or N-carboxybutyl chitosan. (7) The polymers corresponding to the general formula (XXXII) such as those described, for example, in French Patent 1,400,366 and comprising

units: where R 29 represents a hydrogen atom, a CH 3 O radical, CH 3 CH 2 O, phenyl, R 30 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as that methyl, ethyl, R31 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R32 denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: -R33-N (R31) 2, R33 representing a group - CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R31 having the meanings mentioned above, as well as the higher homologues of these radicals and containing up to 6 1 o carbon atoms, r is such that the molecular weight is between 500 and 6000000 and preferably between 1000 and 1000000.

(8) Amphoteric polymers of the -DXDX- type chosen from: a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on compounds comprising at least one unit of formula: -DXDXD- (XXXI II) where D denotes a radical and X denotes the symbol E or E ', E or E', which may be identical or different, denote a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical containing up to 7 carbon atoms in the non-main chain; substituted or substituted with hydroxyl groups and may further comprise oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the 25 atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulphoxide, sulphone, sulphonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium groups, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and / or urethane; b) polymers of formula: -D-X-D-X- (XXXIV) where D denotes a radical / \ N N \ / and X denotes the symbol E or E 'and at least once E'; E having the meaning indicated above and E 'is a divalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or unsubstituted by one or more hydroxyl radicals and having a or a plurality of nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an optionally interrupted alkyl chain by an oxygen atom and necessarily comprising one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betaineized by reaction with chloroacetic acid or chloroacetate of soda.

(9) (C1-C5) alkyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidation with an N, N-dialkylaminoalkylamine such as N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semi-esterification with N, N-dialkanolamine. These copolymers may also comprise other vinylic comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam. Among all the cationic or amphoteric polymers (iii) that can be used according to the present invention, the following are particularly preferred: (a) from cationic polymers: quaternary cellulose ether derivatives such as the products marketed under the name JR 400 by the company AMERCHOL, cyclopolymers, in particular homopolymers of diallyldimethylammonium salt and copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium salt and of acrylamide, in particular chlorides, sold under the names MERQUAT 550 and MERQUAT S by the company MERCK, cationic polysaccharides and more particularly the guar gums modified with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, sold, for example, under the name Jaguar C13S by Amerchol, homopolymers and -52-

optionally crosslinked copolymers of (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium salt, sold by the company CIBA in 50% solution in mineral oil under the trade names SALCARE SC92 (crosslinked copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide) and SALCARE SC95 (Cross-linked homopolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride), quaternary copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinylimidazole salt, such as the products sold by BASF under the names Luviquat FC 370, Luviquat FC 550, Luviquat FC 905 and Luviquat HM-552. (b) among the amphoteric polymers: - the copolymer dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid (80/20) sold under the name MERQUAT 280 DRY by the company NALCO (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 22); the dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid (95/5) copolymer sold under the name MERQUAT 295 DRY by NALCO (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 22); the copolymer of methacrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, of acrylic acid and of ethyl acrylate, sold under the name Merquat 2001 by the company Nalco (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 47); and the acrylamide / dimethyldiallylammonium chloride / acrylic acid terpolymer, sold under the name MERQUAT PLUS 3330 DRY by the company NALCO (CTFA name: POLYQUATERNIUM 39). When they are present in the compositions according to the present invention, the cationic and / or amphoteric polymers (iii) are present in a proportion by weight ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably ranging from 0.1 to 5% relative to the total weight of the composition used according to the invention.

By cosmetically acceptable medium is meant within the meaning of the present invention, a medium compatible with the hair. The cosmetically acceptable medium consists of water or a mixture of water and at least one cosmetically acceptable solvent chosen from C1-C4 lower alcohols, such as ethanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol. or n-butanol; polyols such as glycerol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycols; and their mixtures. The pH of the compositions used according to the invention is generally less than 7, preferably less than 6, more preferably between 2 and 6, and even more preferably between 3 and 6. According to the invention, the compositions used according to the invention are The invention preferably comprises less than 20% by weight, still more preferably less than 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the fat composition. The composition used according to the invention may further comprise one or more conventional additives well known in the art, such as; natural or synthetic viscosity thickeners or regulators different from the associative polymers; C12-C30 fatty alcohols; ceramides; fatty esters such as isopropyl myristate; mineral, vegetable or synthetic oils such as α-olefins; vitamins or provitamins; pearling agents; pH stabilizers, preservatives; and dyes. Those skilled in the art will be careful to select any additives and their amount so that they do not adversely affect the properties of the compositions of the present invention. These additives are generally present in the composition according to the invention in an amount ranging from 0 to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. Another object of the invention is a method of cleaning human hair, which comprises applying an effective amount of a composition as described above, to said hair, to rinse after a possible exposure time. The following examples illustrate the present invention. EXAMPLES Example 1 The following composition was prepared (fluid sky): COPOLYMER HEXAMETHYL DIISOCYANATE / 3% POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A TERMINATION ALPHA-OMEGA STEARYL POLYOXYETHYLENE (RHEOLATE FX1100) ELEMENTIS DECOUPLIC ALCOHOL OXYETHYLENE (30E) 5% (EMULGIN BL309 - COGNIS ) WATER Qsp 100% The hair is wet, about 10 g of the composition is applied to the whole of the hair. The hair is kneaded, then the composition is rinsed. The hair rinses quickly. 30 2935267 -54- Wet hair untangles well. The touch is soft and smooth. The dry hair is clean, their touch is soft and smooth. EXAMPLE 2 The following composition (thick) was prepared: POLYMER SMDI / POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A 4.2% DECYLATED TERMINATION IN HYDROGLYCOLIC SOLUTION (ACULYN® 44 RHOM AND HAAS) COPOLYMER SMDI / POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A 33% ALKYL TERMINATION (METHYL / C18) A 15% IN A MALTODEXTRIN MATRIX (ACULYN 46 RHOM AND HAAS) WATER QSP 100% A treated lock was compared with the composition 2 and a lock treated with the ultra soft chamomile shampoo (containing essentially 8.9% Sodium laureth sulfate, 1.3 % disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, 1% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 2.5% disodium cocoamphodiacetate, 0.14% trisodium sulfosuccinate, 0.27% Polyquaternium and water). The compositions are applied to moderately bleached hair strands (SA20) of 2.7 g. The protocol is as follows: Apply 1g of formula per wick of 2.7g on a wet wick: • Knead 5 times the wick to distribute the formula • Put the wick in a watch glass and let it pause 5 20 minutes Rinse the wick: • Water temperature: 38 ° C and graduation water flow 40 on the Gilmont flowmeter is a flow rate of 4L / min. • Put the wick under the flow of water and pass it 15 times between the fingers to rinse it well. • Dry the wick by 2 passages between the fingers • Dry the wick 15 minutes with the helmet 2935267 - 55 - The wick treated with the composition 2 rinses more easily. Wet hair, the wick disentangles more easily, the touch is softer, smoother. Dry hair is clean, their touch is soft and smooth.

Example 3

The following composition (wax) was prepared: COPOLYMER HEXAMETHYL DIISOCYANATE / 25% POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A TERMINATION ALPHA-OMEGA STEARYL POLYOXYETHYLENE (RHEOLATE FX1100-ELEMENTIS) WATER Qs 100% The hair is wetted, about 10 g of the composition are applied to the skin. whole of the hair. The hair is kneaded, then the composition is rinsed. The hair rinses quickly. The wet hair disentangles well .. The touch is soft and smooth. Dry hair is clean, their touch is soft and smooth. Example 4

The following composition (gel) was prepared: LAURYL CARBAMATE INULIN 10% (INUTEC SPI - BENEO ORAFTI) WATER Qsp 100% 20 The hair is wet, about 10 g of the composition is applied to the whole of the hair. The hair is kneaded, then the composition is rinsed. The hair rinses quickly. The wet hair disentangles well. The touch is soft and smooth. Dry hair is clean, their touch is soft and smooth. Example 5: Comparative Detergent Test

The compositions are applied to strands of natural hair soiled with natural sebum. The mode of application is as follows: o 37 mg of sebum per strand of 2.7 g of hair is applied using a mascara brush. The wick is allowed to dry for 2 hours. Composition 2 is then applied according to the following protocol: Apply 1 g of formula per 2.7 g wick to a damp wick: • Knead 5 times to distribute the formula well • Deposit wick in a watch glass and let it pause for 5 minutes 15 Rinse the wick: • Water temperature: 38 ° C and graduation water flow 40 on the Gilmont flow meter is a flow rate of 4L / min. • Put the wick under the flow of water and pass it 15 times between the fingers to rinse well. 20 • Spinning the wick with 2 passes between the fingers • Dry the wick 15 minutes on the helmet

This protocol (Sebum / drying / application of the composition / drying) was carried out 25 times in succession for each lock of hair.

The residual sebum is then measured on the locks of hair. The results below are the averages obtained from 3 strands of natural hair treated according to this method: 2935267 -57- Total sebum formula in pg / g of hair Water control 10 309 Commercial shampoo 467 Ultra soft Chamomile Composition 2 576 On found that with composition 2 a detergency similar to that of a conventional shampoo comprising surfactants. EXAMPLE 6 The following composition was prepared (thick gel) POLYMER SMDI / POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A 4.2% DECYLATED TERMINATION IN HYDROGLYCOLIC SOLUTION (ACULYN 44ù RHOM AND HAAS) COPOLYMER SMDI / POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL A 33% ALKYL TERMINATION (METHYL / C18) A 15 % ACTIVE MATTER IN MALTODEXTRIN MATRIX (ACULYN 46ù RHOM AND HAAS) POLY DI-METHYL DI-ALLYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 0.1% IN WATER TO 40% ACTIVE MATERIAL (MERQUAT 100 to NALCO) WATER Qsp 100% Compared a wick treated with the composition 6 with a wick treated with Ultradoux olive oil and lemon shampoo (essentially containing 11.2% sodium laureth sulfate, 2% cocoamidopropyl betaine, 0.2% PEG60 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.73% Polyquaternium 10 and some water). The compositions are applied to 2.7 g SA20 wicks. The protocol is as follows: 20 Apply 1g of formula per wick of 2.7g on a wet wick: • Knead 5 times to distribute the wick well • Place the wick in a watch glass and leave for 5 minutes Rinse the wick: 25 • Water temperature: 38 ° C and graduation water flow 40 on the Gilmont flowmeter ie a flow rate of 4L / min. 5 10 5 2935267 - 58 - • Put the wick under the flow of water and pass it 15 times between the fingers to rinse well. • Spin the wick with 2 passes between the fingers • Dry the wick 15 minutes on the helmet

The wick treated with the composition 7 rinses more easily. Wet hair unravels more easily, the touch is softer, smoother. Dry hair is cleaner, feels softer and smoother. lo

Claims (14)

REVENDICATIONS1. Use of a composition comprising in a cosmetically acceptable medium more than 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of one or more associative polymers for cleaning human hair. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition contains at most 5% surfactants by weight relative to the total weight of the composition chosen from anionic, cationic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants. 3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that the composition contains less than 4% surfactants by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. 4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that the composition is free of surfactants. 5. Use according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the associative polymer (s) are chosen from associative polymers of anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic type. 6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the associative polymer (s) are chosen from nonionic polyurethanes comprising at least one fatty chain and nonionic inulin derivatives comprising at least one fatty chain. 7. Use according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the associative polymers are polymers with hydrophobic portions on one or more main chain ends. 8. Use according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the associative polymers have a number of molecular weight of less than 500 000 and even more preferably less than 100 000. 9. Use according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the associative polymer (s) in the composition according to the invention are present in a concentration of between 2 and 60% by weight, preferably in a concentration ranging from 3 at 40%, better still 5 to 30% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 10. Use according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the weight ratio associative polymers / surfactants is greater than 0.5; still more preferably greater than 5, more preferably greater than 10. 11. Use according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the composition further comprises one or more cationic or amphoteric polymers different from the associative polymers of the invention. 12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that the cationic polymer and / or additional amphoteric polymers are present in a proportion by weight ranging from 0.01 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably from 0.1 to 5% based on the total weight of the composition. 13. Use of one or more associative polymers in a composition comprising a cosmetically acceptable medium for cleaning human hair, the concentration by weight of the associative polymer (s) being at least 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition . 15 14. A method of cleaning human hair, which comprises applying an effective amount of a composition as described in claims 1 to 12, on the hair, to rinse after a possible exposure time.