FR2930720A1 - CONNECTION MEMBER BETWEEN A LONGITUDINAL ELEMENT OF A VERTEBRAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS DEVICE AND A VERTEBRA, A VERTEBRAL OSTEOSYNTHESIS DEVICE COMPRISING SAME AND TOOL FOR ITS POSE - Google Patents

Abstract

Connecting element between a longitudinal element (14) of a vertebral osteosynthesis device and a vertebra (3). It comprises: - a caudal hook (1) intended to be anchored on the caudal part of said vertebra (3) after removal of the spinous process, - a cephalad hook (7) intended to be anchored on the part cephalad of said vertebrae after ablation of the spinous process, said hooks being located on two initially separated elements. It comprises a rod, placed in an orifice formed in one of said elements, means preventing a return of said rod after insertion into said orifice, and a saddle intended to come into contact with the posterior arch of the vertebra, and pressurizing said posterior arch with the aid of said rod.A vertebral osteosynthesis device comprising at least one such element. Installation tool for such an element.

Description

Connecting element between a longitudinal element of a vertebral osteosynthesis device and a vertebra, vertebral osteosynthesis device comprising it and a tool for its installation. The invention relates to the field of prostheses intended to be implanted on the spine of a patient, called vertebral osteosynthesis devices. Different pathologies may require the implantation of such a device, such as damage to the vertebrae and / or disks separating them, following a degenerative disease, a tumor or trauma, or a misalignment of the vertebrae with respect to their positions. normal. They aim to secure two consecutive vertebrae or more in specific relative positions. For this purpose, longitudinal elements, such as elongated rods or plates, extending along the vertebral column and attached to the vertebrae by various means are often used.

These longitudinal elements may be attached to the column according to an anterior surgical approach or a posterior surgical approach. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and the surgeon's choice must be made according to the particular needs of the patient. The anterior approach may be particularly indicated when the vertebrae of the patient have a non-pathological internal structure, for example an absence of osteoporosis affecting the cancellous bone, which makes it possible to implant bone screws to which are connected (directly or through the intermediate connectors) the longitudinal elements. The posterior approach may be more appropriate in cases where osteoporosis weakens the spongy part of the vertebrae and makes it risky to implant bone screws in areas where the cancellous bone is particularly thick as is the case in the anterior part. vertebrae. In this case, we can take advantage of the vertebral processes to implant on the posterior vertebrae hooks engaging on these processes, these hooks themselves carrying elements for connecting a longitudinal element. These hooks can, however, be optimally effective only if their dimensional characteristics are well adapted to the vertebra on which they are implanted, which often requires them to be custom-made for the patient for whom they are intended, or to manufacture them for the first time. Advances in multiple versions of different exact dimensions and morphologies among which the surgeon will have to choose those which seem to him the best adapted to the particular case of his patient for the different places where the hooks must be implanted. The object of the invention is to propose to the surgeons a new type of hook connection element, the exact configuration of which is self-adaptable to the precise vertebra on which it is intended to be implanted, and comprising a minimum of pieces of tissue. in order to reduce both the cost of its manufacture and the duration of the installation of the vertebral osteosynthesis device of which it forms part. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a connecting element between a longitudinal element of a vertebral osteosynthesis device and a vertebra, characterized in that it comprises: a caudal hook intended to be anchored on the caudal portion of said vertebrae in the sagittal plane of the posterior arch of said vertebrae after partial or total removal of the spinous process; a cephalad hook adapted to anchor on the cephalad part of said vertebra in the sagittal plane of the posterior arch of said vertebrae after partial or total removal of the spinous process; a rod, placed in an orifice formed in one of said elements, and means preventing a return of said rod after insertion into said orifice; and a saddle intended to come into contact with the posterior arch of the vertebra, and pressurized on said posterior arch with the aid of said rod. Said hooks can be integrated into the same part and connected to one another by an elastically deformable part. Said caudal and cephalad hooks may be located on two initially separated elements, and the connecting element may comprise means for securing to one another said separate elements during the installation of said connecting element on the vertebra.

Said rod may be a threaded rod and the orifice in which it is inserted then carries a corresponding thread.

Said means for securing to one another said separate elements may be clipping means of said elements one on the other, and said saddle is carried by the element carrying the caudal hook. Said clipping means may be constituted by at least one hook placed on one of said separate elements and a bearing placed on the other of said separate elements. The element carrying the caudal hook may comprise an elastic member whose spacing by the end of the threaded rod causes a spacing of said hooks or said clipping said.

Said means for securing said separated elements to one another may be constituted by an elongated plate forming the anterior part of the cephalad hook and having a longitudinal slot passing right through it, and through which said threaded rod passes through, a slot passing through the caudal hook and in which said plate can slide, and by a clamping nut carrying an internal thread and an external thread, which can be fitted on said threaded rod and blocking its translation and whose lower end can exert pressure on the plate to lock it in the slot of the caudal hook, and said saddle is a separate element of the plate and the hook, intended to be locked between the caudal hook and the vertebra.

The invention also relates to a vertebral osteosynthesis device comprising at least one longitudinal element and connecting elements of said longitudinal element to at least two vertebrae, characterized in that at least one of said connecting elements is of the preceding type. It may comprise at least one connector traversed by said longitudinal member, fitted on said rod of said connecting element and held on the upper surface of said connecting element. The upper surface of said connecting member may be spherical in shape, and the lower surface of the longitudinal member or connector which is in contact with said upper surface is of a corresponding spherical shape. The invention also relates to a tool for the introduction of a connecting element of the above type to two separate elements, one of which carries an elongated plate, characterized in that it comprises two elements articulated around a axis, a first element having at its upper end a handle, and at its lower end a cradle for receiving the cephalad hook and its elongate plate, and also having a rod connectable to the plate of the cephalad hook, and a second element comprising at its upper end a handle and at its lower end means for engaging with the threaded rod integral with the caudal hook, a spring member ensuring the rest spacing of the two elements. As will be understood, the invention is based on the principle of the use of a rod which passes through a connecting element carrying a caudal hook and a hook cephalad and whose end comes act directly or indirectly on a saddle s 'pressing on the median posterior part of the vertebra, after partial or total excision of the spinous process. The action of this rod contributes, on the one hand, to the joining of the element to the vertebra, and, on the other hand, to the joining together of the different parts of the element (if there are several), and this in relative positions that are best adapted to the morphology of the vertebra. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given with reference to the following appended figures: FIG. 1 which shows in perspective the two essential parts of an example of a first variant of a connecting element; according to the invention; - Figure 2 which shows seen in perspective from below one of the parts of the element of Figure 1; - Figure 3 which shows in perspective a vertebral osteosynthesis device installed on two consecutive vertebrae, and whose connecting elements of the longitudinal element with the vertebrae are of the type of Figure 1; - Figure 4 which shows in exploded perspective the essential elements of an example of a second variant of a connecting element according to the invention; - Figure 5 which shows the same example seen in perspective in the assembled state; - Figure 6 which shows in perspective two such connecting elements installed on two consecutive vertebrae, and, in exploded view, the other parts of the vertebral osteosynthesis device which will be connected to them; FIG. 7 which shows the vertebral osteosynthesis device of FIG. 6 after its installation; FIG. 8 which shows, in profile, an example of a tool for laying a connecting element that is particularly suitable for laying a connecting element of the type shown in FIGS. 4 to 7. A first variant of FIG. a connecting element according to the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 3. This connecting element comprises two hooks initially separated from each other, namely: - a caudal hook 1, the front portion is shaped in a hook 2 intended to come to anchor on the caudal part of a vertebra 3, and which also carries lateral extensions 4, 5 in the form of saddle intended to rest on the upper surface of the posterior arch of the vertebra 3 to ensure lateral stability of the connecting element. They can also extend to the isthmic parts of vertebra 3; the lower surface 6 of this caudal hook 1 is intended to rest on the median posterior portion of the vertebra 3 after its spinous process has been resected partially or totally by the surgeon; a cephalad hook 7, the posterior part of which is shaped like a hook 8 intended to anchor on the cephalad part of the vertebra 3, and whose anterior part bears means enabling the cephalad hook 7 to be connected to the caudal hook 1 ; in the example shown, these means consist of two hooks 9, 10 intended to be clipped on the caudal hook 1, which has for this purpose bearing surfaces 11, 12 shaped to receive them.

The upper surface 13 of the cephalad hook 7 is shaped to allow, in a conventional manner, the fixation of a longitudinal element of the osteosynthesis device to which the connecting element is integrated. In the example shown, this connecting element is constituted by an elongate plate 14 having at each of its ends an annular portion 15 whose lower surface rests on the upper surface 13 of the cephalad hook 7, these two surfaces preferably having, as shown, corresponding spherical shapes to allow multiaxial orientation of the longitudinal member with respect to the fastener.

The cephalad hook 7 also has a threaded orifice 16 which passes right through its central portion between its upper surface 13 and its lower surface 17. This threaded orifice 16 receives a threaded rod 18, the upper end 19 is shaped to be able to engaging with an impression of a screwdriver allowing the surgeon to advance the threaded rod 18 towards the vertebra 3, so as to pass through the lower end 20 of the threaded rod 18 an orifice 21 formed on the surface upper 22 of the caudal hook 1 during the establishment of the connecting element. In the example shown, this lower end 20 of the threaded rod 18 is in the form of a sphere. The orifice 21 contains elastic elements 67 forming non-return fins. These are placed at the base of the sphere 20 after it has crossed, and thus oppose the rise of the threaded rod 18 during use of the device. The screwing of the threaded rod 18 causes the spacing of the elastic elements 67, which tends to cause a spacing of the hooks 9, 10. This provides a counter force on the vertebral arch that can fill all the games and, thus, to achieve a firm hold of the connecting element on the vertebra 3. The mounting of the connecting element on the spine is carried out as follows. First, the surgeon resects the spinous process of the vertebra 3.

Then he inserts the caudal hook 1 on the vertebra 3. Then he inserts the cephalad hook 7 provided with the threaded rod 18 on the vertebra 3 and clippes it on the caudal hook 1. Then he screwed in the threaded rod 18 into the orifice 16 of the cephalad hook 7, until a mutual blocking of the different parts of the connecting element and the vertebra 3 by the mechanism described above.

The operation is repeated on all the vertebrae concerned by the osteosynthesis device (two consecutive vertebrae in the example shown in FIG. 3). Then the longitudinal element of the device is installed and connected to the various connecting elements. In the non-limiting example shown, as said, this longitudinal element is an elongated plate 14 whose annular ends 15 are inserted on the threaded rods 18 of the connecting elements, and locked on said rods 18 by nuts of 23. Alternatively, one could consider, for example, to reverse the positions of different members of the connecting element, for example to provide the threaded hole receiving the threaded rod 18 on the caudal hook 1 and not on the cephalad hook 7, or to reverse the relative positions of the hooks 9, 10 and the bearing surfaces 11, 12 allowing the clipping of the two parts of the connecting element, or of placing the lateral extensions 4, 5 on the cephalad hook 7 and not on the caudal hook 1. It could also provide only one clipping hook and a single corresponding scope, placed in the middle position on the two parts of the connecting element. One could also place the lateral extensions 4, 5 on one or separate parts of the hooks and being solidarisable. It would also be possible for the caudal hook 1 to snap onto the cephalad hook 7 and not the other way around, so that the spherical upper surface 13 on which the longitudinal element 14 rests would be placed on the caudal hook 1. Generally, it goes without saying that this spherical surface 13 must be on the upper surface of the connecting element, once it is assembled and fixed on the vertebra.

A second variant of a connecting element according to the invention is shown in Figures 4 to 7. This variant has more parts than the previous one, but it has a greater modularity that makes it more assuredly optimally adaptable to different morphologies of vertebrae on which it must be installed.

In this variant, the caudal hook is constituted by a hook body 24 and a separate saddle-shaped member 25 intended to be inserted between the hook 24 and the upper surface of the vertebra. Spans 26, 27 placed respectively on the hook 24 and the saddle 25 make it possible to ensure their relative positioning during assembly of the connecting element. The lateral branches 28, 29 of the saddle 25 are intended to bear against the outer face of the rear arch, as the lateral extensions 4, 5 of the previous variant. This two-part constitution of the caudal hook gives a certain degree of freedom of movement relative to the hook portion itself and to the saddle-shaped portion 25 resting on the median posterior portion of the vertebra during assembly, so to give them more opportunity to find themselves in optimal end positions on the vertebra.

The cephalad hook is formed by a hook-shaped rear portion 30 comparable to the hook 8 of the preceding variant, the upper portion of which is extended by an elongated plate 31 forming the front part of the cephalad hook. This plate 31 has a longitudinal slot 32 passing therethrough, and ends, in the example shown, by an appendix 33 carrying a threaded orifice 34. The functions of these various elements will be seen later. The plate 31 is intended to be inserted into a slot 35 passing through the upper part of the body 24 of the caudal hook, so as to slide there. It is thus possible to vary the distance between the hook portions of the caudal hook and the cephalad hook to best adapt to the morphology of the vertebra. The connecting element also comprises a threaded rod 36 comparable to the threaded rod 18 of the preceding variant, which passes through the slot 32 of the plate 31 and abuts on the saddle 25 to form with it a connection of the patellar or pivot type. to guarantee the rotation of the rod. It also carries a transverse groove 38 in which are inserted, on either side of the threaded rod 36, screws 39, 40 which are housed for this purpose in threaded holes 41, 42 passing horizontally through the saddle 25 and opening into an orifice 43 vertically crossing the saddle 25 for the passage of the end 37 of the threaded rod 36.

After the insertion of these screws 39, 40, the threaded rod 36 and the saddle 25 are secured to each other by allowing the rotation of the threaded rod 36. The threaded rod 36 is intended to pass through a threaded orifice 44 arranged vertically in the caudal hook body 24 and passing through from one side. The device is completed by a clamping nut 45 fitted on the threaded rod 36 and ensuring the blocking of the assembly, once it is installed on the vertebra. In particular, the lower surface 46 of the nut 45 exerts a pressure on the plate 31 to lock it inside the slot 35 of the hook 24, so as to make fixed the distance between the hook parts of the device, once it is installed on the vertebra. The nut 45 carries an external thread 47 which corresponds to a thread formed on the wall of the orifice 44, so as to achieve complete securing of the rod 36 and the caudal hook 24, in cooperation with the internal thread of the nut 45 which allows the manipulation of the threaded rod 36. This provides a complete blockage of the various parts on themselves and on the vertebra, in the manner of a clamp. Preferably, the nut 45 is of a type comprising two superimposable parts breakable along a line of weakness 48. In this way, the nut 45 breaks in two as soon as the tightening torque applied to it exceeds a predetermined limit value, and the upper part can be removed. The height of the remaining lower part is preferably calculated so that it does not exceed the upper edge of the orifice 44 of the caudal hook 24. FIG. 5 shows the connecting element which has just been described in FIG. assembled state and ready to be implanted.

Figure 6 shows two such connecting elements installed on two consecutive vertebrae 49, 50. It is noted that the section of the nuts 45, and also the section of most of the front ends of the rods 31 which exceeded caudal hooks 24 become unnecessarily cumbersome. FIG. 6 also shows two longitudinal rods 51, 52 of the vertebral osteosynthesis device which will connect the two vertebrae 49, 50. For this purpose, the two rods 51, 52 will be threaded into longitudinal orifices 53 of two connectors 54, 55 each having a central orifice 56 for fitting on a threaded rod 36 of one of the connecting elements. Once this fit is achieved, tightening nuts 57 block the connectors 54, 55 on the upper surfaces of the caudal hooks 24, shaped in a dome to allow multiaxial orientations of the connectors 54, 55. The nuts 57 also allow the connectors to be compressed. 54, 55 so as to block the longitudinal rods 51, 52. Preferably, as shown (and also as may be the case in the first embodiment, as shown), the threaded rods 36 are flats 68. In cooperation with corresponding shapes of the orifices 56 of the connectors and nuts 57, they make it possible to avoid a rotation of the threaded rod 36 and to establish a counter-torque during the tightening of the nut 57. FIG. 7 shows the device of FIG. osteosynthesis in the assembled state, after the upper parts of the clamping nuts 57 and threaded rods 36, which have become useless, have been cut to minimize the blocking of the device.

It goes without saying that instead of two rods 51, 52 and connectors 54, 55 associated, we could ensure the connection of the two vertebrae 49, 50 by means of an elongated plate comparable to that described about the first variant previous. Conversely, one could use on this first variant a connecting device with two rods and associated connectors as described above about the second variant. In fact, the connecting device according to the invention is compatible with multiple varieties in numbers and in forms of longitudinal elements that can be secured to the threaded rods 18, 36, directly or using connectors of all types compatible with the connecting devices according to the invention. It goes without saying that the connecting elements according to the invention can be used on a vertebral osteosynthesis device extending over more than two consecutive vertebrae, the examples described and shown are not limiting. They can be used in all areas of the spine between the cervical and lumbar regions included, provided that the dimensions of their elements are properly chosen. Alternatively, the two hooks caudal and cephalad could be placed on the same part, being connected to each other by an elastically deformable portion allowing the installation of the connecting element, first by placement of the one of the hooks at its nominal location on the vertebra, then deforming the connecting element with a suitable tool to allow the placement of the other hook on the vertebra. The insertion of the rod into a hole provided for this purpose should have the effect of stiffening the assembly and increase the pressure of the different parts of the connecting element on the vertebra.

Another variant of the invention would be to provide no threading on the rod 18, 36 and in the orifice 16, 44 where it is inserted, but to use any other system intended to prevent a return of said rod 18, 36 tending to extract it from said orifice 16, 44. It is possible, for example, to provide a set of teeth on the rod 18, 36 cooperating with resilient lamellae placed in the orifice 16, 44, these teeth and lamellae being configured to prevent spontaneous extraction of the rod 18, 36. Similarly, the maintenance of the longitudinal member 14 or the connector 54, 55 on the rod 18, 36 can be provided by any means other than a clamping nut 23, 57 .

At the surgeon's choice, the vertebral osteosynthesis device may have all its connecting elements, or only some of them, of the type according to the invention. The invention also relates to a laying tool for a connecting element according to the invention of the type of the second variant which has been described. It is represented in the form of a clamp 58 comprising two elements articulated about an axis 59. The first element 60 has at its upper end a handle 61, and at its lower end a cradle 62 to receive the cephalad hook 30 and its elongate plate 31. This first element 60 also contains a rod 63 held free to rotate, and whose lower end 64 carries a thread which allows it to be inserted and fixed in the threaded hole 34 of the appendix 33 of the plate 31. One could also complete this connection between the rod 63 and the elongate plate 61 by other means of the male / female type acting at the other end of the plate 61 to improve the firmness the connection between the tool and the connecting element. The second element 65 has at its upper end a handle 66 and at its lower end means (not visible) to engage with the threaded rod 36 integral with the caudal hook 24. This second element 65 provides control in translation of the hook 24 along the elongate plate 31. A spring element 67 ensures at rest a spacing of the two elements 60, 65. The tool is used as follows during the implantation of the connecting element. It is first assembled loosely, without the various elements that compose it are tightened to their maximum strength, so as to allow a sliding of the elongate plate 31 of the cephalad hook 30 in the body of the caudal hook 24 Then the element is installed at the end of the tool as shown in FIG. 8, in particular by attaching the rod 63 to the appendage 33 and the frontal grip on the cephalad hook 30 in the cradle 62.

Then the tool and the element are approached from the operative field by the surgeon, who places the hooks 24, 30 at the sagittal ends of the posterior arch of the vertebra to be treated, which he has previously resected the spinous process. Then the surgeon presses the two elements 60, 65 of the tool using the handles 61, 66 counteracting the action of the spring 67, so as to tighten the posterior arch of the vertebra in its sagittal plane between the two hooks. Then, while maintaining this tightening, he squeezes the tightening nut 45 until his line of weakness 46 breaks, so as to block the translation of the caudal hook 24 and retain the tightening of the posterior arch of the vertebra achieved through the pinch effect. Then using a screwdriver, the threaded rod 36 is actuated to lower the saddle 25 to the contact with the upper arch of the vertebra, and apply a force to reduce all games at contact of the vertebra. This action also has the effect of lifting anchoring and ensuring good contact between the hooks 24, 30 and the inner surface of the posterior arch of the vertebra. An anchoring of the connecting element is thus perfectly secured to the posterior arch of the vertebra. After that, the surgeon disengages the tool from the connecting element, in particular by unscrewing the rod 63 from the appendix 33.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Connecting element between a longitudinal element (14) of a vertebral osteosynthesis device and a vertebra (3), characterized in that it comprises: - a caudal hook intended to be anchored on the caudal part of said vertebra (3) in the sagittal plane of the posterior arch of said vertebrae after partial or total removal of the spinous process; a cephalad hook adapted to anchor on the cephalad part of said vertebra in the sagittal plane of the posterior arch of said vertebrae after partial or total removal of the spinous process; a rod, placed in an orifice formed in one of said elements, and means preventing a return of said rod after insertion into said orifice; - and a saddle (4, 5; 27) intended to come into contact with the posterior arch of the vertebra (3), and pressurized on said posterior arch with the aid of said rod (18; 36). 2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said hooks are integrated in the same part and connected to one another by an elastically deformable portion. 3. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said hooks caudal (1; 24) and cephalad (8; 30) are located on two initially separated elements, and in that it comprises means for securing one to the other said elements separated during the installation of said connecting element on the vertebra (3). 4. Element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said rod (18; 36) is a threaded rod and in that the orifice (16; 44) in which it is inserted carries a corresponding thread. 5. Element according to claim 3, characterized in that said means for securing to one another said separate elements are clipping means of said elements one on the other, and in that said saddle is carried by the element carrying the caudal hook (1). 6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that said clipping means are constituted by at least one hook (9, 10) placed on one of said separate elements and a bearing surface (11, 12) placed on the other of said separate elements. 7. Element according to claim 6, characterized in that the element carrying the caudal hook (1) or the element carrying the cephalad hook (7) comprises an elastic element (67) whose spacing by the end of the threaded rod (18) causes a spacing of said hooks or (9,10) ensuring said clipping. 8. Element according to claim 3, characterized in that said means for securing to one another said separate elements are constituted by an elongated plate (31) forming the front part of the cephalad hook (30) and having a longitudinal slot (32) passing therethrough, and which can be traversed by said threaded rod (36), by a slot (35) passing through the caudal hook (24) and in which said plate (31) can slide, and by a nut clamping device (45) carrying an internal thread and an external thread (46), engageable on said threaded rod (36) and blocking its translation and whose lower end (37) can exert pressure on the saddle (27) , and in that said saddle (27) is a separate element of the plate (31) and the hook (24), intended to be locked between the caudal hook (24) and the vertebra (3). 9. A vertebral osteosynthesis device comprising at least one longitudinal element (14; 51, 52) and connecting elements of said longitudinal element (14; 51, 52) to at least two vertebrae (49, 50), characterized in that at least one of said connecting elements is of the type according to one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one connector (54, 55) traversed by said longitudinal member (51, 52), fitted on said rod (18; 31) of said connecting element and maintained on the upper surface of said connecting element. 11. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the upper surface (13) of said connecting element is spherical in shape, and in that the lower surface of the longitudinal element (14) or the connector (54, 55) which is in contact with said upper surface is of a corresponding spherical shape. 12. Tool for the implementation of a connecting element according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises two elements (60, 61) articulated around an axis (59), a first element (60) comprising at its upper end a handle (61), and at its lower end a cradle (62) for receiving the cephalad hook (30) and its elongated plate (31), and also having a rod (63) connectable to the plate (31) the cephalad hook (30), and a second member (65) having at its upper end a handle (66) and at its lower end means for engaging with the threaded rod (36) integral with the caudal hook (24), a spring element (67) ensuring at rest a spacing of the two elements (60, 65).