FR2913136A1 - Scalable stringed bowed musical instrument for providing assistance to pedagogy, has bridge for modifying technical characteristic of instrument by presence of notches, nut, head balance rails, hitchpin rail, lug, pique and eight chords - Google Patents

Abstract

The instrument has a sound box (1) connected to a hammer shank (2) having a bolt (2.1) with eight tuning pins (2.2). A bridge (3) modifies technical characteristic of the instrument by the presence of notches (3.2), a lower nut (4), two head balance rails, a hitchpin rail (6), hitchpin rail lug (7), a pique (8) and eight chords (9) e.g. high tension viola, where the notches are set in out of range. The curve of an upper part of the bridge is reinforced by the inlay of a plate made of rigid material such as osmium or ivory.

Description

DESCRIPTION

  The present invention relates to an eight string stringed musical instrument (bow) having an assembly of inventive assembly elements for one part and traditional for the rest. all allowing him to evolve its technical characteristics. It is designed to provide support for musical pedagogy in the field of the musical awakening of the introduction to bow instruments, including cello, double bass and violas da gamba, etc. It is intended for small children.

  The musical instruments traditionally used to introduce young children are the same as those used with older pupils, but on a smaller scale, which is already an essential adaptation to the abilities of children. However, these instruments have an agreement in fifths, fourths or thirds which requires a very important coordination effort in order to build a range or a melody since it is necessary to use both hands at the same time, posing considerable difficulties to the very small beginners .

  The instrument according to the invention makes it possible to reduce this disadvantage; designed to be mounted with eight strings it can be tuned diatonically and present a range of one octave perfectly playable with the right hand alone with a bow or pizzicato. This offers the opportunity to play different melodies while working the bow technique and gives the child almost immediate access to beautiful active musical experiences.

  The instrument according to the invention is evolutionary With the aid of a special bridge called modifier whose characteristics are described below and an assembly of traditional mounting elements it changes its technical characteristics. Thus, while accompanying the technical progress of its user, it adapts progressively its assembly until presenting only four playable strings tunable in fifths or fourths with references of accuracy supported by the conversion of the remaining strings in sympathetic strings, which allows a evolution facilitated to the technique of other bow instruments (violins, cellos, double bass, etc.).

THE INSTRUMENT INCLUDES:

  - A sound box consisting of a soundboard, a bottom and sides. According to particular embodiments the bottom and the ribs can be a single piece, and have the dimensions and proportions of a violin case ribs twice as high.

  - A handle of sufficient size to make possible a comfortable spacing between the ropes and good resistance to their tension. According to particular embodiments, the length of the handle can be set at a ratio of 7/10 to the tuning fork of the instrument. This round also presents:

  a) A peg with eight pegs, which is one of the technical elements of the invention since there is no bow instrument with this element. b) A double hollow nut (saddle of the top) and a hollow key which recall the double saddle and the touch of a viol of love, allowing the passage under the key of four sympathetic strings; - A modifying easel; said easel has eight ordinary notches, two notches out of range '(notches of sufficient depth so that once a rope passes there is no longer achievable by the bow), four small holes aligned horizontally with center allowing the passage of four friendly strings. According to particular embodiments, the number of notches of out of range can be variable and the curve of the upper part of the bridge can be reinforced by the embedding of a plate of rigid material (bone, ivory, for example) and having a radius of 44mm. This easel, of simple but inventive design, constitutes a fundamental element for the change of the technical characteristics of the instrument and its musical possibilities since by making one or more strings by the notches of out of reach these become untouchable by the bow which absolutely changes the gap between the remaining strings in ordinary notches.

  - A lower nut (lower nut) with small holes aligned as in the center of the bridge for the passage of friendly strings.

  - Two points with heads that serve as small pegs attached to the ribs just below the lower nut serving as the attachment point of the sympathetic strings attached to it, two to each.

  - A sufficiently strong tailpiece with four holes to receive the ropes (two ropes per hole), a tailpiece with eight holes that can be designed for this purpose.

  - A tailgate fastener strong enough to withstand the tension of the eight ropes.

  - A spade, reminiscent of the cello spades, to adjust the height of the instrument that will be placed vertically on the ground to be played.

  - Eight strings specially designed for the instrument. 30 - Four friendly strings.

  In particular embodiments, the instrument may be mounted with ropes provided for a fifth chord using the three voltages available to each string. By way of non-limiting example, the strings to be used may be: DO high voltage, 35 DO medium voltage, and DO low voltage for Sth, 7th; and 6th chords tuned to DO, RE and MI, respectively; ALT strong voltage SOL, ALT medium voltage SOL and ALT low voltage SOL, for Sth, 4th and 3rd strings, tuned in FA, SOL and LA, respectively, RE high voltage and RE medium voltage viol for the 2nd and 1st tuned strings in SI and DO in the octave, respectively. 40

EXAMPLE OF USE MODE:

  The assembly of the eight strings on the instrument corresponds to an initial stage of its use where the user begins his learning and must begin the study of the technique of the bow. The range on the empty cords, he will not need to use his left hand to build it.

  By raising or lowering some strings of the instrument 50 (scordattura) by half a step you will find other tones than the original ones. Example: the 5th string tuned in FA # to find the inverted major SOL key, over a range of origin in major DO (other ranges that can be adopted as original ranges). The user will play, therefore, different melodies in the tones available on the empty strings, while working the technique of the bow.

  This step will be longer or shorter depending on the ability acquired by the user to master the technique of the bow, which will allow him to begin the use of the left hand, exploring, for example , the continuity of the range of FA major or MI minor with the scordattura of the 2nd chord (down to SI flat) or 5th chord (ascending to FA #) respectively, on a diatonic chord originally in major DO.

  As an illustration, in the example of the major FA range, the user would play the first five notes on empty strings (FA, SOL, LA, SIb, DO) and complete the range by pinching the first string (DO) to find the remaining notes (RE, MI and AF at the octave) and complete the range. This is the beginning of the work of the left hand.

  The next stage of use is where, using the 'out of reach' notches of the bridge, the user will subtract ropes of his choice within the scope of the bow and will execute range options which will be built partly by the work of the left hand finding several notes on a single string, the remaining notes still being on the empty strings that follow each other.

  For example, on an instrument whose original chord is the major DO range, the user will put the 6th and 5th chords (MI and FA) on the "out of range" screens. By lowering the note of the 7th string of a tone the notes available on the empty strings will be DO, DO, SOL, LA, SI and DO in the octave; by pinching the 7th string by the work of the left hand we find the notes RE, MI and FA, which will complete the major DO range.

  The four small holes horizontally aligned in the center of the bridge are put into service at the last stage of use of the instrument where the four notches placed at the ends of the bridge will remain empty, the four strings placed in the middle will form a chord in fifth or fourth and the four so-called sympathetic resonance strings will be installed.

  At this stage, the instrument will undergo a reworking at the level of the assembly of the strings. Only four strings, tuned in fifths or fourths, will remain playable. A set of strings for viola that can do the job without this being a rule. Four additional ropes will be placed at the intended locations (free pins, lower notches of the top double saddle, small holes aligned at the center of the easel, small holes aligned at the bottom nut and dowels under the bottom nut) to pass under the key, serving of sympathetic strings, in order to keep the sound richness of the instrument and able to bring references for the study of the accuracy.

DRAWINGS

  The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention, as well as a non-limiting mode of its implementation. Figure 1 shows the instrument seen from the front.

  Figure 2 shows the instrument seen from the side.

  Figure 3 shows the assembly of the instrument with its eight strings.

  Figures 4 and 5 show the second set of the instrument with four strings tuned in fifths or fourths and four friendly strings.

  Figure 6 shows the bridge of the instrument.

  Figure 7 shows a detail of the instrument seen from below as well as its key and its double nut of the top.

  Referring to these drawings, the instrument carries: A sound box (1) composed of a soundboard (1.1), a bottom (1.2) and fishplates (1.3) .According to a non-standard embodiment illustrated the bottom and the fishplates can constitute a single piece. By way of nonlimiting example the soundboard (1.1) and the bottom (1.2) can have a length of 360mm and the maximum widths of the bottom, top and middle of 208mm, 168mm and 112mm, respectively, with a constant thickness of 3.5mm for the table (1.1) and increasing from 3mm to 5mm from the edges towards the center for the bottom (1.2). The fishplates can have a thickness of the order of 1.2 mm and a height of the order of 58 mm.

  A handle (2) integral with the sound box (1) having an anchor ((2.1) with eight pins (2.2) a double hollow nut (2.3) and a hollow key (2.4) which recall the double nut and the key As a non-limitative example, the handle (2) will have dimensions of the order of 141.5mm between the double nut (2.3) and its lower end, 32mm for the width at the nut (2.3), 43mm for the width at its lower end, 13mm on average for the thickness without the key (2.4), its overturning without the key (2.4) will be of the order of 27mm. have dimensions of the order of 105mm for the length and 35mm for the width at the nut (2.3) The double nut (2.3) and the button (2.4) will have dimensions that match those of the handle (2). ), the curve of their vaults can have a radius of 40mm.

  A modifying bridge (3) having eight ordinary notches (3.1), two notches (3.2), four holes (3.3) for the passage of sympathetic strings. The number and location of the out of reach notches (3.2) may vary according to different embodiments. According to a non-illustrated embodiment the curve of the upper part of the bridge (3) can be reinforced by the inlay of a rigid material plate (bone, ivory for example). By way of non-limiting example the bridge (3) will have dimensions of the order of 52mm for the height, 47mm for the width at the feet and 60mm at the top, 6mm for the thickness of the feet and and 2mm for the thickness of the upper part at the level of ordinary notches. The distance between the ordinary notches may be similar to that of a violin quarter bridge.

  A lower nut (4) having four small holes (4.1) for the passage of the ropes 50 friendly. By way of non-limiting example, this nut will have dimensions of the order of 50mm for the length, 10mm for the height and 10mm for the width.

  - Two points with heads (5) fixed on the fishplates (1.3) just below the lower nut (4) serving as a point of attachment of the sympathetic ropes. A tailpiece (6) A tailpiece (7) - A spade (8) - Eight strings (9) for the diatonic chord called, as usual, 8th, 7th 6th, 5th, 4th, 3rd, 2nd and 1st (from the most serious to the most acute, from the left to the right of the instrument seen from the front). Four strings intended to vibrate by sympathy (10).

  The assembly of the eight strings (9) (Figure 3) on the instrument corresponds to an initial stage of its use where the user begins his learning and must begin the study of the technique of the bow. The range on the empty cords, he will not need to use his left hand to build it. Example: C 0 25 [- O By raising or lowering some of the strings of the instrument (scordattura) by half tone, you will find other tones than the original ones. Example: the 5th string tuned in FA # to find the inverted major SOL key, over a range of origin in major DO. The user will play, therefore, melodies in the tones available on the empty strings while working the bow technique. Example: D 35 C This step will be longer or shorter depending on the ability acquired by the user to 40 mastery of the technique of the bow, and this will allow him subsequently to start the use of the left hand , exploring, for example, the continuity of the range of major FA or MI minor with the scordattura of the 2nd chord (down to SI flat) or 5th chord (ascending to FA #) respectively, on a diatonic chord at the origin in major DO. 45 Example: 1 50 b 6 Illustration example, in the example of the major FA range, the user would play the first five notes on the empty strings (FA, SOL, LA, SIb, DO) and would complete the range by pinching the first chord (DO) to find the remaining notes (RE, MI and AF octave) and complete the range. This is the beginning of the work of the left hand. Example: 15 Vacuum Strings Notes Pinches G 20 C The next use step is when, using the detachment notches (3.2) of the bridge (3), the user will subtract strings of its choice within the bow range and 25 will perform range options which will be constructed in part by the work of the left hand finding several notes on a single string, the remaining notes still being on the following idle ropes . Example:

  * notes found by pinching the 7th string [notes found on strings 4th to 1st. 35 * 7th chord tuned in DO (scordatura) 6th and 5th string passing by notches out of range (3.2).

  In the above example, on an instrument whose original chord is the 40 major DO range, the user will put the 6th and 5th chords (MI and FA) on the 'out of range' scans. . By lowering the note of the 7th string of a tone the notes available on the empty strings will be DO, DO, SOL, LA, SI and DO in the octave; by pinching the 7th string by the work of the left hand we find the notes RE, MI and FA, which will complete the 45 range of major DO.

  The four small holes (3.3) aligned horizontally in the center of the bridge (3) are put into service at the last stage of the use of the instrument where the four notches ordinary (3.2) placed at the ends of the bridge will remain empty, the four strings placed in the middle 50 will form a chord in fifths or fourths remaining within the scope of the bow (a set of strings for viola can do the trick, without this being a rule) and the four strings 30 friendly (10) will be installed. Of course, at this stage the instrument will undergo a reshuffle in the assembly of the strings. Only four strings, tuned in fifths or fourths, will remain playable. Four additional ropes will be placed at the intended locations (free pins (2.2), lower notches of the upper double nut (2.3), small holes (3.3) aligned at the center of the bridge (3), small holes (4.1) aligned at the bottom nut (4) and dowels (5) under the bottom nut (4) to pass under the key (2.4), serving as sympathetic strings (10), to maintain the richness of the instrument and can provide references for the study of rightness. Without this being a rule, the strings that have been removed from the initial assembly can serve as friendly strings (10) .10

Claims (4)

  1) Progressive musical instrument with bowed strings (bow) that can help. pedagogy in the field of musical awakening and initiation to bow instruments, characterized in that it comprises a sound box (1) integral with a handle (2) provided with a peg (2.1) at eight dowels (2.2), a modifying bridge (3) which makes it possible to modify its technical characteristics by the presence of detents (3.2), a lower nut (4), two points with a head (5), d a tailpiece (6), a tailpiece (7), a spike (8) and eight ropes (9).   2) Instrument according to claim 1 characterized in that the handle (2) is provided with an anchor (2.1) with eight pins (2.2), a double hollow nut (2.3) and a hollow key (2.4) ).   3) Instrument according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that the modifying bridge (3) is provided with eight ordinary notches (3.1), notches 20 out of range (3.2) and four holes (3.3) for the passage of sympathetic strings (10).   4) Instrument according to claim 3 characterized in that the curve of the: upper part of the bridge (3) is reinforced by the encrustation of a plate of rigid material (bone or ivory, for example).