FR2904678A1 - Inflammable liquefied gas i.e. liquefied natural gas, accidental leakage controlled dispersing method for e.g. liquefied natural gas regasification plant, involves dispersing air that is heated and lighter than atmospheric air in zone - Google Patents

Inflammable liquefied gas i.e. liquefied natural gas, accidental leakage controlled dispersing method for e.g. liquefied natural gas regasification plant, involves dispersing air that is heated and lighter than atmospheric air in zone Download PDF

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FR2904678A1
FR2904678A1 FR0607025A FR0607025A FR2904678A1 FR 2904678 A1 FR2904678 A1 FR 2904678A1 FR 0607025 A FR0607025 A FR 0607025A FR 0607025 A FR0607025 A FR 0607025A FR 2904678 A1 FR2904678 A1 FR 2904678A1
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gas
zone
light partition
air
cloud
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FR2904678B1 (en
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Jean Claude Junique
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0107—Frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/0126—One vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0176—Details of mounting arrangements with ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F17C2227/0313—Air heating by forced circulation, e.g. using a fan
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
    • F17C2250/0452—Concentration of a product
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves containing a cold and dense gas cloud which is generated by vaporization of liquid leakage, inside a light partition wall (1) that encloses a potential leakage zone at a level of a ground (2). The gas cloud is aspirated for making the cloud to pass through a heating system (7) and a fan (8), where the fan is in continuous operation. The air that is heated and lighter than the atmospheric air is dispersed in a zone (9) which is situated away from risks. The system (7) is operated automatically when temperature in a sheath lowers a preset value. An independent claim is also included for a device for controlled dispersion of accidental leakage of inflammable liquefied gas.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et dispositif pour la dispersion contrôlée de fuites accidentelles de gaz liquéfiés inflammables. The present invention relates to a method and device for the controlled dispersion of accidental leaks of flammable liquefied gases.

L'invention s'applique aux usines de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL) et à leurs zones de stockage de produits finis et fluides réfrigérants, ainsi qu'aux usines de regazéification du GNL. Elle peut aussi s'appliquer aux usines de production de gaz éthylène ou ammoniac.The invention applies to liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants and their storage areas for finished products and refrigerant fluids, as well as regasification plants for LNG. It can also apply to plants producing ethylene or ammonia gas.

L'invention vise à améliorer la sécurité du personnel d'exploitation des usines, ainsi que celle du public vivant à proximité et aussi à éviter les pertes matérielles en évitant l'escalade d'incidents mineurs en accidents aux conséquences potentiellement catastrophiques.The invention aims to improve the safety of the operating staff of factories, as well as that of the public living nearby and also to avoid material losses by avoiding the escalation of minor incidents in accidents with potentially catastrophic consequences.

Le procédé consiste à contenir le nuage de gaz froid et dense généré par la vaporisation de fuites initialement liquides, à l'intérieur d'une cloison légère encerclant la zone de fuites potentielles au niveau du sol, tout en aspirant ce nuage de gaz froid et dense afin de le faire passer à travers un système de réchauffage, un ventilateur axial ou centrifuge, puis de disperser le gaz ainsi réchauffé et devenu plus léger que l'air dans l'atmosphère dans une zone située à l'écart des risques.The process consists in containing the cloud of cold and dense gas generated by the vaporization of initially liquid leaks, inside a light partition encircling the zone of potential leaks at ground level, while sucking this cloud of cold gas and dense, in order to pass it through a heating system, an axial or centrifugal fan, and then to disperse the heated gas, which has become lighter than air in the atmosphere in an area away from the risks.

Magré les progrès réalisés dans la conception et l'exploitation des usines de GNL, en particulier grâce aux réservoirs de stockage à double enveloppe et à l'amélioration de la fiabilité des équipements en général et équipements de sécurité en particulier, des fuites accidentelles continuent à se produire, certaines d'entre elles ayant eu des conséquences tragiques, lourdes en termes de vies humaines, de coût financier et d'image de marque pour l'industrie du pétrole et du gaz. Des systèmes de limitation des conséquences ultimes des fuites accidentelles continuent donc à être nécessaires. Dans l'état actuel de la technique, lorsqu'une fuite accidentelle se produit dans une usine de GNL et que du liquide volatile et inflammable se répand sur le sol, l'alerte est donnée par des détecteurs de gaz ou du niveau d'explosivité ainsi que par des détecteurs de température anormalement basse sur le sol ou dans les caniveaux de collecte des fuites liquides. Des recherches sont alors immédiatement entreprises par le personnel d'exploitation afin d'établir l'origine des fuites et qu'elle est leur importance, ensuite des décisions sont prises soit d'arrêter les équipements et de les isoler les uns des autres afin de limiter la quantité de produit pouvant être répandu. Dans les cas les plus graves, l'ensemble des équipements est dépressurisé vers un système de torche et une partie des liquides inflammables est transférée dans des réservoirs de sécurité (Blow down). De cette manière il est communément admit que la quantité de produits inflammables qui peut être répandue sur le sol est limitée à une quantité qui ne devrait pas excéder quelques dizaines de mètres cube. D'autre part, le liquide répandu sur le sol est généralement canalisé par des caniveaux à ciel ouvert par lesquels il s'écoule par gravité vers un ou des bassins de rétention à ciel ouvert situés à distance de sécurité des équipements principaux. Ces bassins peuvent alors être recouverts par de la mousse de lutte contre l'incendie afin d'isoler la surface du liquide inflammable de l'oxygène de l'air et aussi pour limiter l'échange thermique et la vaporisation du liquide. Toute la panoplie des moyens de lutte contre l'incendie est bien entendu disponible et mise en action.Recognizing the progress made in the design and operation of LNG plants, in particular through the use of double-jacketed storage tanks and improving the reliability of equipment in general and safety equipment in particular, accidental leakage continues to occur. occur, some of which have had tragic consequences, heavy in terms of human lives, financial cost and brand image for the oil and gas industry. Systems for limiting the ultimate consequences of accidental leakage therefore continue to be necessary. In the current state of the art, when an accidental leak occurs in an LNG plant and volatile and flammable liquid spreads over the ground, the alert is given by gas detectors or the level of explosive as well as abnormally low temperature sensors on the floor or in gutters collecting liquid leaks. Research is then immediately undertaken by the operating staff to establish the source of the leaks and that it is their importance, then decisions are made either to stop the equipment and to isolate them from each other in order to limit the amount of product that can be widespread. In the worst cases, all equipment is depressurized to a flare system and some flammable liquids are transferred to safety tanks (Blow down). In this way it is commonly accepted that the quantity of flammable products that can be spread on the ground is limited to a quantity that should not exceed a few tens of cubic meters. On the other hand, the liquid spilled on the ground is generally channeled through open channels through which it flows by gravity to one or more open retention basins located at a safe distance from the main equipment. These basins can then be covered with fire-fighting foam in order to isolate the surface of the flammable liquid from the oxygen of the air and also to limit the heat exchange and the vaporization of the liquid. The full range of firefighting means is of course available and put into action.

Les dispositifs actuels sont sans aucun doute efficaces et bien adaptés dans le cas de fuite de produits dont le point d'ébullition est proche de, ou plus élevé que la température ambiente. Par contre lorsqu'il s'agit de liquides tels que le GNL dont le point d'ébullition est de - 160 °C, le système précédement décrit n'est plus du tout adapté.Current devices are undoubtedly effective and well suited in the case of leakage of products whose boiling point is close to or higher than the ambient temperature. On the other hand, when it comes to liquids such as LNG with a boiling point of -160 ° C, the previously described system is not suitable at all.

Lorsque du GNL est répandu en nappe sur le sol il subit immédiatement une vaporisation massive et quasi instantanée due à l'apport de chaleur venant du sol et de l'atmosphère. Les premiers mètres cube répandus sont généralement entièrement vaporisés sur une distance de quelques dizaines de mètres, ensuite la vitesse à laquelle le liquide se vaporisa diminue au fur et à mesure que les couches superficielles du sol se refroidissent pour, après un certain temps, atteindre un équilibre avec un taux de vaporisation réduit et constant.When LNG is spilled on the ground it immediately undergoes a massive and almost instantaneous vaporization due to the heat input from the ground and the atmosphere. The first scattered cubic meters are usually completely vaporized over a distance of a few tens of meters, then the rate at which the liquid vaporizes decreases as the surface layers of the soil cool down, after a certain time to reach a balance with a reduced and constant vaporization rate.

Le nuage de gaz généré est froid, sa température est d'environ - 150 °C, il se réchauffe très lentement et s'étale au ras du sol car il est plus lourd que l'air avec une densité de 2 par rapport à l'air ambient. Le volume de gaz froid et dense généré par la vaporisation de 1 M3 de GNL représente environ 270 M3. Si l'on considère que 4 à 5 M3 de GNL sont vaporisés entièrement durant les 15 premières minutes de l'incident, avant que des mesures d'isolation ou limitation des fuites puissent être mise en place, un nuage de gaz froid et lourd d'un volume de 1000 à 1400 M3 est généré et se déplace en s'étalant sur le sol, suivant les pentes du sol et aussi poussé par le vent. Ce nuage peut voyager sur des distances de plusieurs centaines de mètres avant de se réchauffer suffisament pour pouvoir se disperser dans l'atmosphère. Avant de se disperser, ce nuage de gaz comportera des parties plus ou moins diluées par l'air atmosphérique et comportera des zones ou un niveau d'explosivité est présent sachant que le mélange gaz naturel dans l'air présente des risques de feu ou d'explosion dans la bande de concentration de 5% à 15% de gaz dans l'air.The generated gas cloud is cold, its temperature is around - 150 ° C, it heats very slowly and spreads to the ground because it is heavier than air with a density of 2 compared to ambient air. The volume of cold and dense gas generated by the vaporization of 1 M3 of LNG represents approximately 270 M3. If we consider that 4 to 5 M3 of LNG are vaporized entirely during the first 15 minutes of the incident, before isolation or leakage measures can be put in place, a cloud of cold gas and heavy a volume of 1000 to 1400 M3 is generated and moves spreading on the ground, following the slopes of the ground and also pushed by the wind. This cloud can travel for distances of several hundred meters before it warms enough to disperse into the atmosphere. Before dispersing, this cloud of gas will comprise parts more or less diluted by the atmospheric air and will comprise zones where an explosive level is present knowing that the mixture natural gas in the air presents risks of fire or explosion in the concentration band of 5% to 15% of gas in the air.

Il est clair que le risque majeur présenté par les fuites de liquides inflammables à bas point d'ébullition ne se situe pas en phase liquide mais en phase gazeuse.It is clear that the major risk presented by leaking low-boiling flammable liquids is not in the liquid phase but in the gas phase.

La présente invention permet d'améliorer de manière significative l'efficacité des systèmes actuels en prenant en compte la phase gazeuse et en permettant son confinement immédiat suivi de la dispersion contrôlée du nuage de gaz. L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant au dessin annexé 1/1. F.'cj t .The present invention makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of current systems by taking into account the gas phase and allowing its immediate confinement followed by the controlled dispersion of the gas cloud. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing 1/1. F. ' cj t.

Le dispositif consiste en une cloison légère (1) réalisée en tôle d'acier, aluminium ou en plaques de polycarbonate d'environ 150 cm de hauteur par rapport au sol et entourant la ou les zones (2) ou des fuites accidentelles de gaz liquéfié peuvent se produire. Cette cloison, destinée à contenir les fuites vaporisées est étanche par rapport à un nuage de gaz dense se déplaçant au niveau du sol, et comporte des portillons (3) avec système de rappel par ressort afin de laisser entrer et sortir librement le personnel d'exploitation tout en maintenant l'étanchéité du système ainsi que des parties démontables (4) afin de permettre l'accès de matériel lourd tels que camions et grues pendant les phases d'arrêt pour entretien de l'usine. Une ou plusieurs ouvertures (5) dans la partie basse de cette cloison permettent l'aspiration du nuage de gaz dense par un système d'aspiration qui consiste en une gaine métallique en tôle mince (6) connectée aux ouvertures dans la cloison légère, un échangeur de chaleur pour réchauffer le gaz froid (7), un ventilateur axial ou centrifuge (8) refoulant dans un event de dispersion (9) situé dans une zone à l'écart des risques. L'ensemble des éléments du dispositif : cloisons, gaine d'aspiration, réchauffeur, ventilateur et évent sont reliés au potentiel de terre et utilisent du matériel électrique anti-explosion, d'autre part, afin d'éviter le plus possible le risque de générer de l'électricité statique, la vitesse de circulation du gaz dans la gaine d'aspiration est limitée à quelques métrés par seconde et une pulvérisation de produit antistatique dans la gaine est possible. La gaine d'aspiration comporte une ou plusieurs trappes anti-explosion (14) sur sa partie supérieure, qui s'ouvrent sous l'effet d'une surpression. La température du gaz est mesurée dans la gaine en amont (11) et en aval (12) du réchauffeur (7). Le niveau d'explosivité est mesuré par un détecteur (10) situé dans la gaine d'aspiration. Le réchauffeur (7) peut être chauffé par n'importe quelle source de chaleur (13) disponible dans l'usine, que ce soit : vapeur d'eau, eau chaude, fluide caloporteur ou électricité.The device consists of a light partition (1) made of sheet steel, aluminum or polycarbonate sheets approximately 150 cm high relative to the ground and surrounding the zone or zones (2) or accidental leakage of liquefied gas can occur. This partition, intended to contain vaporized leaks, is impermeable with respect to a cloud of dense gas moving at ground level, and comprises gates (3) with a spring return system to allow the personnel to enter and exit freely. operating while maintaining the seal of the system as well as removable parts (4) to allow access of heavy equipment such as trucks and cranes during shutdown phases for maintenance of the plant. One or more apertures (5) in the lower part of this partition allow suction of the dense gas cloud by a suction system which consists of a thin sheet metal sheath (6) connected to the openings in the light partition, a heat exchanger for heating the cold gas (7), an axial or centrifugal fan (8) discharging in a dispersion event (9) located in an area away from risks. All the elements of the device: partitions, suction duct, Heater, fan and vent are connected to ground potential and use explosion-proof electrical equipment, on the other hand, in order to avoid as much as possible the risk of generating static electricity, the speed of gas flow in the Suction sheath is limited to a few meters per second and an antistatic product spray in the sheath is possible. The suction duct has one or more anti-explosion hatches (14) on its upper part, which open under the effect of an overpressure. The temperature of the gas is measured in the duct upstream (11) and downstream (12) of the heater (7). The explosive level is measured by a detector (10) located in the suction duct. The heater (7) can be heated by any heat source (13) available in the factory, be it: water vapor, hot water, coolant or electricity.

Le dispositif selon l'invention présente non seulement l'avantage d'avoir plein contrôle sur la phase gazeuse et sur sa dispersion mais aussi de pouvoir réduire les distances de sécurité et de permettre d'inclure les bassins de rétention classiques (pour la phase liquide) dans l'enceinte de la cloison légère (1).The device according to the invention not only has the advantage of having full control over the gas phase and its dispersion, but also of being able to reduce the safety distances and to make it possible to include conventional retention basins (for the liquid phase ) in the enclosure of the light partition (1).

Selon le procédé, en marche normale de l'usine (pas de fuite), le ventilateur (8) est en marche, aspirant l'air atmosphérique à l'intérieur de l'enceinte délimitée par la cloison légère (1). Il ne peut pas y avoir d'accumulation de gaz plus lourd que l'air au ras du sol du fait de la ventilation continue. Tout niveau d'explosivité sera détecté rapidement par le détecteur (10) à l'intérieur de la gaine du fait de cette aspiration continue. Le réchauffeur (7) n'est normalement pas sollicité car la température en amont (11) est égale à la température ambiente.According to the method, in normal operation of the plant (no leakage), the fan (8) is running, sucking atmospheric air inside the enclosure delimited by the light partition (1). There can be no heavier gas accumulation than the air flush with the floor due to continuous ventilation. Any level of explosive will be detected quickly by the detector (10) inside the sheath because of this continuous suction. The heater (7) is not normally loaded because the upstream temperature (11) is equal to the ambient temperature.

En cas de fuite de GNL, celui ci se répand sur le sol et commence à se vaporiser, les vapeurs froides et lourdes s'étalent sur le sol (2), contenues par la cloison légère (1) ces vapeurs commencent à être aspirées dans la gaine d'aspiration (6), cette situation anormale est détectée par l'analyseur d'explosivité (10) ainsi que par la température (11) anormalement basse, l'alerte est donnée, le réchauffeur (7) se met en service pour réchauffer les vapeurs froides et permettre leur dispersion rapide dans l'atmosphère par l'évent (9) du fait que lorsque les vapeurs de GNL sont réchauffées au delà de - 100°C, elles deviennent plus légères que l'air. In case of leakage of LNG, it spreads on the ground and begins to vaporize, the cold and heavy vapors spread on the ground (2), contained by the light partition (1) these vapors start to be sucked into the suction duct (6), this abnormal situation is detected by the explosive analyzer (10) and by the temperature (11) abnormally low, the alert is given, the heater (7) comes into service to heat the cold vapors and allow their rapid dispersion into the atmosphere through the vent (9) because when the LNG vapors are heated above - 100 ° C, they become lighter than air.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé de dispersion contrôlée de fuites accidentelles de gaz liquéfiés inflammables caractérisé en qu'il consiste à contenir le nuage de gaz froid et dense généré par la vaporisation de fuites liquides, à l'intérieur d'une cloison légère (1) encerclant la zone de fuites potentielles au niveau du sol, tout en aspirant ce nuage de gaz froid et dense afin de le faire passer à travers un système de réchauffage (7), un ventilateur (8), puis de disperser le gaz ainsi réchauffé et devenu plus léger que l'air dans l'atmosphère dans une zone située à l'écart des risques (9).1. A method for controlled dispersion of accidental leakage of flammable liquefied gases characterized in that it consists in containing the cloud of cold and dense gas generated by the vaporization of liquid leaks, inside a light partition (1) encircling the zone of potential leaks at ground level, while sucking this cloud of cold and dense gas in order to pass it through a heating system (7), a fan (8), then to disperse the heated gas and become more light as air in the atmosphere in an area located at a safe distance (9). 2. Procédé selon revendication 1. caractérisé par ce que le ventilateur (8) est en marche continue.2. Method according to claim 1. characterized in that the fan (8) is in continuous operation. 3. Procédé selon revendication 1. caractérisé par ce que la gaine d'aspiration comporte un détecteur d'explosivité qui alerte le personnel d'exploitation lorsque le niveau d'explosivité atteint un seuil prédéterminé.3. Method according to claim 1. characterized in that the suction duct comprises an explosive detector that alerts the operating personnel when the explosive level reaches a predetermined threshold. 4. Procédé selon revendication 1. caractérisé par ce que le réchauffeur (7) se met en service automatiquement lorsque la température dans la gaine en amont du réchauffeur baisse en deçà d'une valeur prédéterminée.4. Method according to claim 1. characterized in that the heater (7) is put into operation automatically when the temperature in the duct upstream of the heater drops below a predetermined value. 5. Dispositif de dispersion contrôlée de fuites accidentelles de gaz liquéfiés inflammables caractérisé en qu'il est constitué par une cloison légère (1) d'environ 150 cm de hauteur par rapport au sol et entourant la zone (2) ou des fuites accidentelles de gaz liquéfié peuvent se produire afin de contenir un nuage de gaz dense se déplaçant au niveau du sol, une gaine métallique d'aspiration (6) qui est racordee à une ouverture dans la cloison légère (5), un échangeur de chaleur pour réchauffer le gaz froid (7), un ventilateur axial ou centrifuge (8) refoulant vers un event de dispersion (9) situé dans une zone à l'écart des risques. 5. Apparatus for controlled dispersion of accidental leakage of flammable liquefied gases characterized in that it consists of a light partition (1) about 150 cm high relative to the ground and surrounding the zone (2) or accidental leaks of liquefied gas can occur to contain a cloud of dense gas moving at ground level, a metallic suction sheath (6) which is connected to an opening in the light partition (5), a heat exchanger for heating the cold gas (7), an axial or centrifugal fan (8) discharging towards a dispersion event (9) located in an area away from the risks. 6. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que la cloison légère (1) est réalisée en tôle d'acier, aluminium ou plaques de polycarbonate.6. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the light partition (1) is made of sheet steel, aluminum or polycarbonate plates. 7. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que la cloison légère (1) comporte des portillons (3) étanches au gaz avec ressort de rappel pour laisser passer librement le personnel d'exploitation.7. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the light partition (1) comprises gates (3) gas-tight with return spring for free passage of operating personnel. 8. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que la cloison légère (1) comporte une ou plusieurs parties démontables (4) pour laisser passer du matériel lourd tel que camions et grues pendant les périodes d'arrêt pour entretien de l'usine.8. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the light partition (1) has one or more removable parts (4) to let heavy equipment such as trucks and cranes during periods of downtime for maintenance of the plant. 9. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que la gaine d'aspiration (6) comporte une ou plusieurs trappes anti-explosion (14) qui s'ouvrent sous l'effet d'une surpression.9. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the suction duct (6) comprises one or more anti-explosion hatches (14) which open under the effect of an overpressure. 10. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que la gaine d'aspiration (6) comporte un détecteur d'explosivité (10) et des mesures de température en amont (11) et en aval (12) du réchauffeur (7)10. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the suction duct (6) comprises an explosive detector (10) and temperature measurements upstream (11) and downstream (12) of the heater (7) 11. Dispositif selon revendication 5 caractérisé par ce que le réchauffeur (7) fonctionne avec fluide caloporteur (13) ou électricité. 11. Device according to claim 5 characterized in that the heater (7) operates with heat transfer fluid (13) or electricity.
FR0607025A 2006-08-01 2006-08-01 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLED DISPERSION OF ACCIDENTAL LEAKS OF FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GASES Expired - Fee Related FR2904678B1 (en)

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CN114294558A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-04-08 广东华南特种气体研究所有限公司 Emergent emptying devices of LNG tank wagon

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CN114294558B (en) * 2021-12-21 2023-11-21 广东华南特种气体研究所有限公司 Emergent evacuation equipment of LNG tank wagon

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