FR2896855A1 - METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VENTILATION OF A ZONE OF A BUILDING, AND DEVICE FOR SEALING AN OPENING COMPRISING SUCH A VENTILATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

Two fans (11, 12) are placed in communication with the interior (I) of the zone and the exterior (E) of the building. One fan blows air into the zone and the other extracts air from the zone.The method consists in regulating the speed of rotation of one of the fans (11) so that the differential pressure between the fan inside the area and outside the building is substantially equal to a predefined setpoint.The ventilation system can be integrated into a window.So, it is possible to partially renovate a building without disrupting the ventilation or heating systems pre-existing in the building.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a ventilation system

  at least one zone of a building, as well as a device for closing off an opening of a building, such as a window or the like, comprising such a ventilation system.

  The invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the ventilation of residential buildings under renovation, but may also concern new buildings and tertiary premises. It has been known for a long time that it is necessary to ventilate buildings, in particular to ensure the conservation of buildings, and evacuate specific pollution related to the presence of occupants, the building itself and the materials or machines used in the building. these buildings. Moreover, the control of this ventilation is necessary to limit the thermal losses associated with this renewal of the air. In the case of old buildings, badly or not insulated, the air circulates easily by the lack of sealing of the frame and more particularly of the windows. The renewal of the air is therefore ensured, although these buildings do not generally include any ventilation device. In order to improve the comfort and to limit the losses of energy, one often proceeds, during the renovation of these buildings, with the insulation of the walls and the replacement of the windows by windows more sealed (double glazing, joints, etc.), without worrying about setting up a suitable ventilation system. As a result, air can no longer circulate naturally, and the amount of pollutants and moisture increases in the building. It has been found that many accidents occur by not taking into account the ventilation of the building. Various processes and ventilation systems are already known, among which there may be mentioned: the use of an extractor (or aerator), which causes air to flow out of one piece. However, the extraction does not allow to ventilate continuously because users only turn it on when they notice the pollution (odors, cigarette smoke). However, not all pollutants are perceptible by man (radon, volatile organic compounds, etc.). Thus, this type of noisy ventilation does not clean the air in the long term and does not allow either to protect the building or ventilate the entire building; - the opening of windows. In this case, the amount of air evacuated is not controlled, the renewal of air is inefficient and is only punctual.

  Moreover, in winter, in addition to the discomfort, this practice leads to a waste of energy and thus additional expenses in heating. Finally, this way of ventilating does not protect from outside nuisances (noise, insects, pollution ...); - ventilation by thermal draft (called natural ventilation), in which the outside air enters through grilles placed at the bottom of the facade walls and the indoor warm air, lighter than the cold air, leaves through grilles placed in upper part of the wall. However, random ventilation is obtained, not according to need but according to the outside climate and the height of the dwelling. In addition, the air flow is not controlled, which leads to additional heating costs in winter and no ventilation in summer. This way of ventilating also does not protect from external nuisances. These different techniques do not meet the needs in terms of ventilation and comfort.

  Controlled mechanical ventilation (VMC) is also known, which continuously ensures a continuous and controlled ventilation of all parts of the building. Thanks to a fan and a flow control system, the air exchange is controlled. This system makes it possible to renew the air and to ensure the comfort of the occupants. It is quieter, and works well in any season. However, an additional installation of VMC is not easy to install as part of the rehabilitation of part of a building if the other part of the building is not already equipped. The installation of a specific fan and false ceilings for passage of ventilation ducts is very often problematic. The present invention aims to remedy the disadvantages mentioned above, by providing an efficient method and ventilation system that can be easily implemented, even in a building to be renovated, regardless of the existing ventilation system of the building (natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, presence of a chimney or a heating system connected to flues, etc.). For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a ventilation method of at least one zone of a building, in which two fans are provided, each fan being in communication with the interior of the zone and the outside the building, and rotated by a motor, a fan being arranged to blow air into the area and the other fan being arranged to extract air out of the area. According to a general definition of the invention, the method is more particularly characterized in that the speed of rotation of one of the two fans is regulated so that the differential pressure between the inside of the zone and the outside of the building is substantially equal to a predefined setpoint. In practice, one of the fans blows or extracts air according to the need for ventilation of the area in question, while the other fan extracts or blows air (its operation being reversed relative to the first fan) , being controlled by the differential pressure, that is to say the pressure difference between the inside of the area and the outside of the building. In this way, this method can be implemented in a building to be renovated without disturbing the ventilation or pre-existing heating systems in the building (for example, a natural evacuation boiler). It should be noted that, depending on the case, the setpoint may be a pressure or a depression. The rotational speed of a fan may be regulated so that it operates at a substantially constant flow rate, or as a function of at least one parameter measured in said zone and corresponding to the ventilation requirement of said zone. This parameter is, for example, the presence of one or more occupants, the CO2 level, the humidity level, and / or any other pollution tracer in the area considered. It is also possible to filter the air blown into the zone, and / or to pass the extracted air and the air blown into a heat exchange device.

  According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a ventilation system of at least one zone of a building, comprising two fans, each being intended to be placed in communication with the inside of the zone and the outside of the building, and rotated by a motor, a fan being arranged to blow air into the zone and the other fan being arranged to extract air out of the zone, the system further comprising at least one sensor adapted to measuring the differential pressure between the inside of the zone and the outside of the building and means for controlling the speed of rotation of one of the two fans according to a predetermined preset value of the differential pressure.

  It is also possible to provide means for controlling the speed of rotation of the second fan arranged so that said second fan operates at a substantially constant flow rate. In a variant, these means are arranged to control the speed of rotation of the second fan as a function of at least one parameter measured in said zone and corresponding to the ventilation requirement of said zone.

  For example, at least one of the fans is arranged in the frame of a closure device of a building opening, such as a window or the like, intended to be placed on a wall separating the interior of the area and the exterior of the building. According to another possible embodiment, the two fans are mounted in a box intended to be placed on a wall separating the inside of the zone and the outside of the building. Finally, according to a third aspect, the invention relates to a device for closing off an opening of a building, such as a window or the like, comprising on the one hand a frame intended to be fixed to a wall between two walls. interior of the zone and the outside of the building, and secondly a panel mounted fixedly on the frame or mounted in a mobile opening relative to the frame, and a ventilation system as previously described. The closure device comprises, for example, first and second insufflation / air extraction orifices respectively arranged in a first and a second frame of the frame, on the inner side, the first and the second fans being placed in the upper cross member of the frame, the outer side, and respectively connected to the first orifice by a first conduit, and the second orifice by a second conduit, the conduits 25 being housed inside the frame adjacent to at least a portion of their length, a thermally conductive wall being interposed between the ducts. In this way, it is possible to heat the air blown by the extracted air. In this case, advantageously, each duct extends at least over substantially the entire height of the amount opposite to the orifice to which said duct is connected, and over substantially the entire length of the bottom rail. This makes it possible to obtain a large surface of heat exchange, and thus a greater warming of the air blown. At least one filter arranged to filter the air blown into the zone may be arranged in the portion of a duct located in a pillar or in the lower rail, this filter having a length equal to at least one third of the length of said duct. amount or said cross. An important filtration zone is thus created. Several possible embodiments of the invention are now described, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a window comprising a ventilation system according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a partial vertical sectional view of the window of Figure 1, showing one of the fans; Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the frame of the window of Figure 1 showing the air flow ducts; Figure 4 is a perspective view of a ventilation system according to a second embodiment of the invention; and Figure 5 is a schematic plan of a building equipped with a ventilation system according to the invention. In Figure 1 is shown a window 1 comprising a frame 2 fixed to a wall 3 of a building, between the interior I of an area of the building to be ventilated and the outside E of the building. The frame 2 comprises an upper crossmember 4, a lower crossmember 5, a first and a second post 6, 7 and a tap 8. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the frame 2 can be made by assembling sections . The window 1 also comprises an opening 9 mounted to move relative to the frame 2, for example pivoting around one of its edges. The opening 9 comprises a frame supporting a glazing unit 10. A first fan 11 and a second fan 12 are mounted on the frame 2, for example under the tap 8. In the embodiment shown, the first fan 11 is situated closer to the first upright 6, and the second fan 12 closer to the second upright 7. The first fan 11 opens to the outside E and is connected via a first conduit 13 to a first orifice 14 formed on the second upright 7, the inner side I. The first orifice 14 is advantageously located in the upper half of the second upright 7. The first conduit 13 comprises successively a first portion joining the upper cross member 4, a second portion housed in the upper crossbar 4 joining the first amount 6, a third portion housed in the first upright 6, near the opening 9, extended by a fourth portion housed in the trough is lower 5, in the upper part thereof, and finally a fifth portion housed in the second upright 7 and opening through the first orifice 14.

  The second fan 12 opens to the outside E and is connected via a second conduit 15 to a second orifice 16 formed on the first upright 6, on the inner side I. The second orifice 16 is advantageously located in the upper half of the first upright 6, and further from the opening 9 that is the first orifice 14. The second conduit 15 comprises successively a first portion joining the upper cross member 4, a second portion housed in the upper cross member 4 joining the second amount 7, a third portion housed in the second upright 7, extended by a fourth portion housed in the lower crossbar 5, in the lower part thereof, and finally a fifth portion housed in the first upright 6 and opening through the second orifice 16 The second conduit 15 is disposed in the frame 2 so as to surround the first conduit 13. As illustrated in FIG. 13, 15 are housed inside the profile constituting the frame 2, and disposed adjacently - in the parts where they are both present. The wall 17 separating the two ducts may be thermally conductive, in order to allow the exchange of heat between the air flowing in the first duct 13 and the air flowing in the second duct 15, in particular to preheat the air blown into the duct. building by means of the air extracted from the building.

  In addition, a housing 18 is provided to receive a filter for filtering the air blown into the building. The housing is here located in the second duct 15, in its portion housed in the first upright 6, under the second orifice 16. The longer the housing, the longer it can receive a large filter and therefore more air blown will be effectively filtered, without harming the aesthetics of the window 1. Of course, another clean housing to receive a filter could be placed in the first conduit 13. On the inner side I of the frame 2 is further disposed at least one sensor 19, able to detect at least one parameter corresponding to the need for ventilation of the area of the building. This parameter can be the presence of one or more occupants in the zone, the CO2 level, the humidity level, and / or any other pollution tracer in said zone. Also provided is a pressure sensor 20, capable of measuring the differential pressure AP, that is to say the pressure difference between the inside I of the zone and the outside E of the building. Acoustic insulation (not shown) can also be judiciously positioned in a portion of the ducts 13, 15 to attenuate the noise of the fans 11, 12. The operation of the ventilation system is as follows: the air is taken from the outside E by the second fan 12 and then flows into the second duct 15 and is blown inside I of the building by the second orifice 16. The flow of the second fan 12 can be fixed or determined by the need for ventilation of the zone considered, measured by the sensor 19. In the latter case, a management module 21 is connected to the sensor 16 and the motor of the second fan 12; as for the first fan 11, it extracts the air from the zone 15 considered of the building: the air exits from said zone through the first orifice 14, circulates in the first duct 13 and is then rejected towards the outside E at the level of the first fan 11. The first fan 11 is controlled, via a management module 22 connected to the pressure sensor 20, so as to maintain a differential pressure AP substantially equal to a predetermined preset value 20, positive or negative. The first fan 11 therefore only works if the measured differential pressure deviates from the set value. According to another possible embodiment, the second fan extracts air from the inside I to the outside E, at constant flow rate or according to the ventilation requirement of the zone considered measured by the sensor 19, while the first fan 11 blows air from the outside E inward I, so as to maintain a differential pressure AP substantially equal to a preset setpoint. The differential pressure in the zone considered is a function of the type of ventilation used (extraction, insufflation, double flow), of the effect of the wind, but also of the systems already in place in the building. The maintenance of AP to a set value, by the controlled startup of the first fan 11, allows not to disturb the initial pressure balance and the operation of any natural draft apparatus. The area to be ventilated may consist of one or more rooms of the building. It should be noted that the ventilation system could be associated with a shutter device of an opening other than a window, such as a door, a French window or the like, but also with a shutter device which does not open (a glazing fixed in a frame for example). A ventilation system according to a second embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 4.

  A box 23 is mounted on a wall 3 of a building, between the interior I of an area of the building to be ventilated and the outside E of the building. The box comprises a face 24 having openings on the outside E, and, on the inner side I, a first and a second openings 25, 26 in which are housed, respectively, a first and a second fans 11, 12. openings 25, 26 are here formed on two opposite faces 27, 28 of the box 23. In addition, a heat exchange device 29 is placed on the path of the air circulating in the box, to allow the exchange of heat between the air extracted and the air blown. As previously described, the first fan 11 which blows or extracts air operates either at a constant rate or according to the ventilation requirements of the zone considered, determined by the measurement of an appropriate parameter by means of a sensor. The second fan 12 - which extracts or blows air, unlike the first fan 11 - is controlled by a management module 22 connected to a pressure sensor 20 measuring the differential pressure AP. Referring now to Figure 5, which shows a building 30 having three parts A, B, C equipped with a ventilation system according to the invention, and two pieces X, Y (generally service pieces) no equipped with such a system, but which remain equipped with their initial systems (natural or mechanical ventilation). The equipment parts A, B, C results for example from a partial renovation of the building 30. The ventilation system placed in each room A, B, C includes two fans 11, 12, one of which is controlled by AP. The two fans can be mounted on the same opening device, such as a window 1 (case of the room A), or on the same box 23 (case of the room B). Alternatively, a fan may be provided in an opening device and a fan directly on the wall separating the inside I from the outside E. It is also possible to provide a fan in a first opening device and a another fan in a second opening device.

  The air is blown by the first fans 12 into the rooms A, B, C. Most of the time, the flow rates are not balanced, the differential pressure in the rooms A, B, C deviates from its value setpoint (the differential pressure is also a function of the external conditions and mainly of the wind). The second fans 11 therefore operate according to the need of the room in which they are placed, to achieve the set differential pressure, which may be different in each room A, B, C. Part of the air blown circulates pieces A , B, C to the X, Y parts not equipped, and another part is extracted from the room where the air was blown. On the other hand, the air can not flow from an equipped room to another equipped room. In any case, the ventilation system and method according to the invention do not disturb the initial installation (natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, etc.) but complement and improve it. An alternative embodiment would be to provide in a non-equipped room X, Y an exhaust fan exclusively.

  Thus, the invention provides a decisive improvement to the prior art, by using two fans, which may or may not be integrated into a window or the like, the operation of one of which is subject to the need for ventilation of a zone ( presence, CO2, humidity ...) and whose operation of the other is enslaved to the resulting differential pressure between the inside and the outside, whether positive or negative. It is thus possible to renew the air in the area in question while maintaining a predefined differential pressure so as not to disturb the ventilation systems or existing heating in the building. Partial rehabilitation of the building is therefore ensured by ensuring the integrity of the overall ventilation function throughout the building. In particular, in the case of a natural draft boiler installed in the heated volume, the invention does not interfere with its operation by a risk of depression and therefore against drawdown. Other advantages of the invention are as follows: the invention can be implemented irrespective of the ventilation system in place at the origin; - In the case of an initial installation in natural ventilation in the service rooms, the invention allows an improvement in performance: in fact, a portion of the flow passes from the main rooms (equipped with the system according to the invention) to the rooms not equipped, thus increasing the efficiency of ventilation in these non-equipped rooms. the invention allows ventilation where there is none. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as examples but that it encompasses all the variants.

Claims (14)

  A method of ventilating at least one zone (A, B, C) of a building (30), in which two fans (11, 12) are provided, each fan being in communication with the interior (I) of the zone and outside (E) of the building, and rotated by a motor, a fan being arranged to blow air into the zone and the other fan being arranged to extract air out of the zone, characterized in that the speed of rotation of one (11) of the two fans is regulated so that the differential pressure (AP) between the inside of the zone and the outside of the building is substantially equal to one preset setpoint.   2. A method of ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that regulates the speed of rotation of the second fan (12) so that it operates at a substantially constant rate.   3. Ventilation method according to claim 1, characterized in that regulates the speed of rotation of the second fan (12) as a function of at least one parameter measured in said zone and corresponding to the ventilation requirement of said zone.   4. Ventilation method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that filtered air blown into the area. 25   5. Ventilation method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the exhaust air and the air blown into a heat exchange device (17, 29).   6. Ventilation system of at least one zone (A, B, C) of a building (30), comprising two fans (11, 12), each intended to be placed in communication with the interior (I ) of the zone and the outside (E) of the building, and rotated by a motor, a fan being arranged to inject air into the zone and the other fan being arranged to extract air out of the zone, characterized in that it further comprises at least one sensor (20) capable of measuring the differential pressure (AP) between the inside of the zone and the outside of the building and control means (22) the speed of rotation of one (11) of the two fans according to a predetermined preset value of the differential pressure.   7. Ventilation system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises means for controlling the speed of rotation of the second fan (12) arranged so that said second fan operates at a substantially constant rate.   8. Ventilation system according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises means (21) for controlling the speed of rotation of the second fan (12) as a function of at least one parameter measured in said zone and corresponding to the need ventilation of said area.   9. Ventilation system according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the fans (11, 12) is arranged in the frame (2) of a closure device (1) an opening of a building, such as a window or the like, intended to be placed on a wall (3) separating the interior of the zone and the exterior of the building.   10. Ventilation system according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the two fans (11, 12) are mounted in a box (23) to be placed on a wall (3) separating the interior of the area and the exterior of the building.   11. Device for closing off an opening of a building, such as a window or the like, comprising on the one hand a frame (2) intended to be fixed to a wall (3) between the inside of the zone and outside the building, and secondly a panel (10) fixedly mounted on the frame (2) or mounted in an opening (9) movable relative to the frame (2), characterized in that comprises a ventilation system according to one of claims 6 to 8.   12. Shutter device according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a first and a second insufflation / air extraction orifices (14, 16) respectively arranged in a first and a second uprights (6). , 7) of the frame (2), on the inner side, the first and second fans (11, 12) being placed in the upper sleeper (4) of the dummy, on the outer side, and respectively connected to the first hole (14) by a first duct (13), and the second orifice (16) by a second duct (15), the ducts (13, 15) being housed inside the frame (2) in an adjacent manner over at least a part of their length , a thermally conductive wall (17) being interposed between the conduits (13, 15).   13. Shutter device according to claim 12, characterized in that each duct (13, 15) extends over at least the entire height of the upright (6, 7) opposite the orifice (14, 16) to which said duct is connected, and over substantially the entire length of the lower rail (5).   14. Shutter device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that it comprises at least one filter arranged to filter the air blown into the area, the filter being disposed in the portion of a duct located in a post (6) or in the lower rail (5), and having a length equal to at least one third of the length of said post or said cross.