FR2893069A1 - Automatic natural light and solar heating control system for inhabited building has sliding doors, windows and blinds controlled by internal and external sensors - Google Patents

Abstract

The light and warmth control system uses internal and external (7) sensors to detect the presence of a person in the building and adjust natural lighting and solar heating by opening and closing the panels (2, 3) of sliding doors and windows and lowering or raising blinds (5). An internal management module, set according to the requirements of the occupier and adjusted for the season of the year, ensures that warmth and lighting are maintained at the required levels. At the same time, the opening/closing of doors and windows takes into account the level of any external noise and air quality, as well as air temperature and humidity.

Description

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AND AUTOMATICALLY MANAGING NATURAL LIGHTING

  AND / OR SOLAR GAINS BY AT LEAST ONE OF THE OPENINGS OF A WORKPIECE AND / OR CHECKING THE AIR QUALITY OF THE WORKPIECE.

  The present invention relates to a method of control and automated management of natural lighting and / or solar gains by at least one of the openings of a room and the control of the air quality or the cooling of the room by bringing in outside air.

  The opening of a room means the windows or French windows whose joinery has at least one panel opening and movable opening / closing. The woodwork of the openings is equipped with occultation system, occultations consisting of curtains blinds or shutters which can be enslaved as well as the opening / closing of panels.

  In the known art, the control methods are based on the principle of large management sets for example of all the openings of each of the facades of a building according to said facades.

  These known techniques do not allow individualized management piece by piece, which makes it impossible to adapt control and management to the best of the comfort of the user of such a given piece in coordination with the energy savings that allow get good control of both the natural lighting inside the room, the solar gains and the contribution of outside air.

  For this purpose, the method according to the invention exercises an automated control of the natural illumination and / or the solar gains by at least one of the openings, window or French window, of a given room and / or control of the air quality and / or cooling of the room by supplying outside air by at least one panel of said opening, the latter being provided with a joinery comprising one or more panels with glazing, at least one of said panels being movable in opening / closing relative to the frame of the joinery to the hub of a transmission and a servo motor member, the said joinery being equipped with a system of occultation / désoccultation of any known type mobile means a motor member, said engines being enslaved; the said method is characterized in that the sanitation is specific to each carpentry and / or each room so that the control is carried out piece by piece, the enslavement is conditioned by the finding by means of detection and control parameters specific to the conditions inside and / or outside the room concerned, one of these parameters being the human presence inside the room or the absence of human presence. The enslavement takes into account the amount of sunshine on the opening and / or the difference in enthalpy outside - inside the room and / or the levels of the outside noises and / or the quality of the indoor / outdoor air.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the measurement of the exceeding of a sunshine threshold on the opening coupled to an adapted setpoint determines the operation in concealment or disguise that is provided with the opening.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, taking into account the difference in external / internal enthalpy of the room is coupled with the use of an air conditioner of the room, to generate both increased comfort in the room. and an energy saving used by opening / closing actuation of at least one of the opening panels of the opening.

  Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the attached drawings. method of automated control of the level of natural illumination and / or heat energy supply in a room of a building by at least one of the openings of said room.

  The invention also relates to a method for controlling the quality of the air inside the room with respect in particular to the outside air or to the indoor air, whether or not with outside air, this controlled intake performing said opening jointly or not with the control of the level of heat energy supply or illumination.

  This method makes it possible to regulate the natural illumination of the room.

  It provides protection against solar radiation and control solar gains through glazing and ventilation and it works together or not with the previous functions on the warming, or the cooling of the room, and on the internal air quality by supplying external air or with respect to the indoor air, in a metered manner, the process being based on a comparative analysis of the quality of the indoor air and the outside air.

  More generally, the process according to the invention participates in the management of solar gains, the determination of the quality of the air and the dosage of the external air supply to the realization of energy saving and the comfort of illuminance.

  The solar gains represent the contributions of energy due to the solar radiations through the glazing, whatever: - the season, the mode of transmission (direct, indirect), - the mode of restitution in the room (instantaneous, with shift in the weather). 25 These solar gains contribute to warming the room in winter and summer.

  They are beneficial in winter but have a disadvantage in summer because they cause overheating. The natural light coming from the outside uncontrolled according to the method and the installation implementing the invention can generate different glare phenomena depending on whether the opening is influenced by diffuse or direct illumination. When the sun hits the aperture directly, the occupant may be led to lower the concealment device further to avoid the gene due to reflections on the walls. To adapt the internal setpoint setting, an outdoor probe is able to determine if the sun hits the opening directly as a result of exceeding a brightness threshold.

  In order for the obscuration means, for example a blind, to fall further, the internal instruction is reduced by a determined difference according to the provisions of the room and the wishes of the occupant.

  Thus, automatically, the quality of the interior illumination will be adjusted to the wishes 15 of the occupant, without it being concerned about the conditions of external illumination.

  This automatic adjustment may be different depending on the season, summer, winter, offseason and occupant. Advantageously, the desired air quality must make it possible to limit the levels of the following components: - odors, carbon dioxide, moisture, cigarette smoke.

  The quality of both indoor and outdoor air is constantly measured by sensors respectively internal and external by any type of sensors known to date such as Volatile Organic Components, Ozone, Hydrogen Sulfide, etc ...

  Exceeding an indoor air quality threshold controls the opening of the window 30 in ventilation mode, whether or not there is presence in the room. As soon as the air quality is reduced below this threshold, the operation of the window is controlled in the energy saving mode, natural cooling.5 Included in the research of the air quality is the detection of more or less unpleasant suspicious odors of natural or chemical origin or the threshold of pollution.

  Conversely, exceeding the quality of the outside air prohibits the opening of the window.

  Authorization is again permitted when the quality of outdoor air returns to better quality than indoor air. The level of comfort of lighting is defined by: the absence of sunspots on sensitive area (worktop, screen, etc ...): effect of the direct and diffuse radiation, the limitation of the dazzling by contrast between the bay window and interior wall: effect of direct and diffuse radiation, the conservation of the view by the bay.

  All these parameters are factory set and adjustable by the occupant by means of an instruction characterized by one or more internal probes. The recommended value depends on the application: 500 lux (office) to 100 (domestic sector).

  The energy saving is done by the blind or by the opening. 20 By the blind: in summer (hot season) the goal is to limit solar gains (direct or diffuse). So the awning must allow the occultation as much as possible. - Without prejudging the season, the opening is done to maintain a set temperature set by the occupant. 25 in winter (cold season) the goal is to promote solar gain (direct or diffuse). So the blind must let solar radiation through as much as possible. - In summer or winter, if the blind has a power isolation in hidden position, its position during the night will be a function of the difference in indoor / outdoor temperature to promote the radiative exchanges depending on the season. - By the opening: 15 in summer (hot season), the goal is to cool the room by renewal of outside air when it is colder than in the interior, in winter (cold season), the goal is warm the room by renewing outside air when it is warmer than inside.

  The outdoor air dosage is obtained by the greater or lesser opening of the joinery as a function of the inside / outside temperature difference and / or the wind speed.

  This aspect is innovative because it assumes that the room is ventilated in moderation for air quality needs (occupancy). This has the following advantages: avoid excessive drafts, avoid wasting energy both in winter (heating) and summer (air conditioning).

  15 The ventilation rate will be set according to the type of application, the standards in force and / or the size of the room to achieve a given rate of air exchange (0.8vol / h in housing and more in tertiary).

  It has appeared during the tests carried out that the internal comfort of the user and the energy saving in the case where the room is artificially conditioned by an air conditioner only to determine the opening opportunity (or closing) of the window, it was necessary to know the difference of enthalpy between the inside and the outside.

  Indeed, taking into account only the difference in dry or so-called sensitive temperature does not give information on the moisture content of the air. However, to maintain an indoor set temperature, an air conditioner consumes energy on the one hand to reduce the dry temperature (sensible heat), and on the other hand, to dry air (latent heat). So, if you open the window to get in the air, certainly cooler than inside, but also wetter, it can result in an extra energy expenditure for the 30 air conditioner, that if the window was closed.

  Therefore, to avoid this contradictory phenomenon, it is necessary to allow the opening of the window only if the difference of internal / external enthalpy is favorable by controlling the enthalpy or does not open wrongly. According to the invention, with the case of an air-conditioned room, the opening is possible only if the difference in sensible enthalpy between the inside and the outside is greater than the latent enthalpy difference between the outside. and the interior. If the room is not air conditioned, the opening is allowed if the outdoor / indoor dry temperature is favorable, but also, in summer, if the outdoor dry temperature is below a critical threshold (30 C) and if the air exterior is drier than the interior while remaining below a critical humidity threshold (60 C).

  The invention furthermore has the characteristic of taking external noise into account, the closing / opening control module of the window is connected to an external noise sensor, which makes it possible to avoid opening the window as soon as a permissible noise threshold is exceeded or to close it if it is open. The sensitivity of the noise sensor is set so that the window closes before the acceptable noise threshold is exceeded. As soon as the sound disturbance has passed, the opening of the window can be authorized.

  The invention also has a display of instantaneous measurements and an inter seasonal seasonal operating mode.

  A display available on the control box is used to inform the occupant of all measurements made by the controller. Thus, the occupant can at any time know the outside weather conditions, and the indoor climate conditions.

  The mode of regulation of the system differentiates the season summer, winter to control the position of the occultation or the window. The inter seasonal seasonal control mode makes it possible to overcome the season's knowledge. In case of non-occupation of the room, the position of the concealment and the window are controlled according to whether the temperature level of the room is below the set point, the concealment will be removed to allow the sun to penetrate, and the window will be open if it is warmer outside. Conversely, if the temperature of the room is higher than the setpoint, the dimming will be lowered, and the window will be open only if it is cooler outside.

  Thus, the occupant will not have to worry about the season to promote the management of energy flows by the bay.

  The functions of the above process are ensured by the detection of certain parameters, some of which are clean and specific to the part concerned, and some of which are specific to the external conditions. These parameters interfere with the operation of the elements of the installation.

  According to the invention, the implementation of the method is specific to each part and / or each external opening and can be duplicated as many times as necessary to each part of a building with variations according to the determined parameters detected which can be regulated or programmed in each room, independently of the others. The method according to the invention is also linked to the detection of the parameters external to the part concerned which may have priority over the internal parameters, the external parameters detected being able to be linked to climatic and meteorological crisis situations such as: strong wind, intense cold, rain.

  In the method according to the invention, at least one of the internal parameters has priority: that of the human presence inside the room.

  When the human presence is detected inside the room concerned, an air renewal function by supplying outside air is provided as well as a natural lighting function. In the case where no human presence is detected in the room, an energy saving function is ensured by the management of external solar gains and external air supply30 depending on seasonality conditions and / or diurnal conditions or night.

  The two functions above are not antinomic, they may be independent of each other or combined and modulated according to the parameters that can be supported by the individual in the room taking into account seasonal and diurnal or nocturnal conditions.

  The user present in the room that can determine the said parameters, either by programming specific to the room, or by manual action on the opening (s) 10 (s) concerned (s) of the room.

  The implementation of the method according to the invention is carried out by way of at least one of the openings of the part to the outside as shown in the accompanying drawings.

  15 This opening is provided with a joinery forming a bay window unit or window block and comprising panels, with translucent and / or transparent glazing, at least one of said panels being movable in full / partial opening / closing at the other , if there are two or the others by means of a transmission and a motor unit which are of any known type. The bay or window block, generically referred to as carpentry is equipped with a mobile blind, of any known type, ensuring the occultation / désoccultation function that intervenes on the illumination of the room in relation to the various parameters stated. The blind is movable by also a transmission and u motor member. The motor units of total / partial opening or closing of the panel and the blind are controlled from the detection of the determined parameters which is carried out by at least one electronic internal controller provided with suitable probes, coupled with external probes of the conditions. climatic (of crisis, in particular violent rain, violent wind, extreme temperatures, which may have priority from the thresholds of parameters determined on the internal detection).

  In the exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the joinery block comprises panels mounted in a frame sealed to the masonry, at least, in this case, that referenced, is movable in the frame under the action of the transmission Motorized The panels are mobile and slide in the plane of the carpentry.

  It can be conceivable, however, that the invention is not limited to this embodiment, and that the panels can be slidable vertically relative to each other, at least one being movable or that the panels can be rotatable about one another. a vertical and / or horizontal articulation axis or comprise a single opening (vertical or horizontal axis), the motorized transmission being adapted mechanically according to the type of opening.

  The motorization and / or the unlocking of the closure of the opening can be achieved by using memory-shape materials which deploy by thermal action on the order of the controller and which have a push function.

  Each window block has a motorized blackout blind.

  The term store is used generically to designate any occultation / disguise system of the opening concerned, such as curtain or shutter or other.

  In the exemplary embodiment, the awning is a movable curtain in a plane parallel to the joinery by winding, unfolding. Any type of awning adaptable to the objective of the invention can be used, whether projection type, Venetian, etc ...

  The parameter and motor control unit can be an integral part of the carpentry concerned, as can the external probes, the assembly being made in the factory and preprogrammed with possibility of adjustment by the user directly on the housing or by radio or infrared remote control or any other suitable system. The controller consists essentially of: 25 indoor and / or outdoor lighting probes indoor and outdoor temperature probes, wind vane, outdoor anemometer outdoor rain sensor indoor presence detector concentration probe indoor carbon dioxide indoor and outdoor humidity sensor, clock with time stamp.

  The controller also includes hubs for measuring and comparing the internal and external enthalpy, one or more external noise sensors, indoor and outdoor air quality measuring probes and comparison hubs of the said quality. air.

  According to the known invention stated above if the sun hits the window directly the blind can be lowered further to avoid reflection phenomena on the sunspot 16 which is carried out on the work plan of the occupant.

  It acts on both the motor of the awning and the carpentry with limit switches and anti-pinch safety and on the motor.

  It goes without saying that without departing from the scope of the invention, the electronic system comprises manual action means accessible by the user to act on the opening / closing motors and occultation / désoccultation. The power supply can be made from the domestic electrical installation or by photocells of any known type which are preferably integrated into the carpentry block on the external side, the solar cells can operate independently or not of the network. A transmitting system can be adapted for exchanging information on the parameters detected in one or more rooms equipped according to the invention, and for the control of several openings at the same time. Similarly, the detection of the illumination internal or external part can act on the artificial lighting inside the room.

  inside a room with an opening closed by a blind, a sensor will detect a human presence and will actuate a more or less important shutter.

  From one or more parts with openings equipped according to the invention, a connection is possible with a centralized unit of the type of the interior art to transmit information that the unit can integrate into its management system.

  Examples of operation: 1 / Winter at night, the awning is lowered, the window closed, the morning, if occupying in the room, the awning rolls up and the window opens itself, if the sun is present, and the illumination higher than the set point (500 lux), the awning will adjust to find this setpoint, at noon, the room empties, the window closes, the awning opens full, at 14 hours, occupation, the blind again sets the illuminance setpoint, the window opens itself, if the occupant is obstructed by a solar task, he can readjust the setpoint downwards to obtain the lowering of the blind until eliminating the task solar, in the evening, the room is empty, the blind returns to the night position and the window closes. 2 / Summer at night, the awning is raised and the window wide open, in the morning, if occupying in the room, the blind adjusts to respect the lighting requirement and the window closes but not completely, at noon, the empty room, the awning lowers completely and the window closes completely assuming that the outside temperature is higher than the interior, at 14 hours, the occupant returns, the blind adjusts, the window opens if the occupant is disturbed, the occupant can adjust the illuminance set point to eliminate the solar stain, in the evening, the room is empty, the blind returns to the night position and the window will open fully if the gap temperature is favorable for cooling. 3 / In the offseason the occupant will choose if it is the summer or winter mode that is the most suitable, in the example, it will essentially modify the opening of the window between 12h and 14h, if winter mode: opening of the window for heating (lower outside temperature at lower temperature), if summer mode: opening of the window for cooling (lower outside temperature at lower temperature) 4 / Survival position closing of the window: in case of strong wind, rain, safety -Intrusion, opening the window to ensure fire safety, awning winding: in case of strong wind. The installation can be completed at will by options known in themselves such as the connection to a central air conditioning, power supply by solar cells, the receipt of orders manually or by remote control, etc ... The installation can be connected to a centralized technical management of the building (s) concerned.

  The shape memory material systems can completely or partially replace the electric drive members. FIG. 5 shows diagrams for measuring the external enthalpy of the internal differences in cases where the system operates with an internal air-conditioning of the room (FIG. 5) and in the case where the system operates without internal air conditioning of the room

  FIG. 5 shows, in the case of a room-internal air-conditioning, a case in which the difference in latent enthalpy delta H with water vapor between the indoor air and the outside air is greater than the difference in sensible enthalpy (with water vapor) between indoor and outdoor air. For Figure 5 the outdoor dry temperature is lower inside. In this case, opening the window is prohibited.

  The same case as in the figure shown in the figure but with a more humid outside air.

The opening remains prohibited.

  In the figure is represented the case where the difference of sensible enthalpy delta HS is greater than or equal to the difference of latent enthalpy delta HL.

  In this case where the room is air-conditioned, the opening of the window is allowed.

  In the figure is shown a diagram of an installation according to the method of the invention in which the room is not air-conditioned.

  In this case, when the outside air temperature Ti is less than or equal to 30 and the relative humidity is less than 60%, the opening of the window is allowed.

  Similarly in this case when the temperature T2 of the outside air is greater than 30 C the opening of the window is prohibited. 10 15 25

Claims (8)

  : 1. Method of automated control of the natural illumination and / or solar gains by at least one of the openings, window or French window of a room provided with means of occultation or disguise and / or quality control air and / or cooling or heating the room by supplying outside air by at least said opening, the latter being provided with a joinery comprising one or more opening panels with translucent or transparent or opaque glazing, at least one of said panels being movable in opening and / or closing relative to the frame, the opening or the closing or the concealment and the disoccultation being conditioned by the observation by means of detection and control of parameter specific to the room concerned, and / or specific to the opening concerned and / or specific to the conditions outside the room concerned, one of the said parameters being the human presence inside the room or the absence of e human presence inside the room, whether servo control takes into account the amount of sunshine on the opening and / or the external / internal enthalpy difference to the room and / or the external noise and / or indoor / outdoor air quality.   2. Method according to claim 1 characterized by the measurement of exceeding an external sunshine threshold on the opening coupled to a suitable set point determining the operation in occultation or disguise system that is provided with the opening.   3. Method according to claim 1 and claim 2 characterized in that it implements an external sensor, at the opening, for measuring the amount of sunshine which measures the exceeding of a brightness threshold, said probe being coupled with an internal management module to the room whose internal sunlight value setpoint is deliberately reduced by a determined difference with respect to the value of the outside threshold according to the provisions of the room and the wish of the occupant by realizing an automatic adjustment of the quality of the internal illumination without the occupant having to worry about the conditions of external illumination. 15   4. Method according to claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3 characterized in that the automatic adjustment will be different depending on the summer season, winter, offseason.   5. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that taking into account the difference in external / internal enthalpy to the room and complementary to the use of an air conditioner of the room, generates both increased comfort in the room and energy saving used by the air conditioner by opening operation closing at least one of the panels.   6. The method of claim 5 characterized in that the opening of the panel or panels can be made only when the external enthalpy is less than the enthalpy inside the room.   7. The method of claim 1 characterized in that a threshold of external noise determined prevents the opening of the window or controls its closure.   8. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that depending on the determination of external odors or a determined outdoor air quality, the window is open or closed.