KR100722008B1 - Building envelope system - Google Patents

Abstract

An envelope system of a building is disclosed. A sensor unit coupled to the outer shell or the room, a control unit controlling an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the first signal transmitted from the sensor unit, and a ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the second signal transmitted from the control unit. And a driving unit for operating the control unit, wherein the control unit includes a receiving unit for receiving the first signal, an calculating unit calculating an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the first signal, and generating a second signal in response to the calculation result of the calculating unit. Including the output unit to control, the control unit is a building skin system connected to the sensor unit or the driving unit network, the building can be controlled in real time according to the environmental conditions of the outdoor and indoor and the user's preferences, heat, light, Well, it can be controlled in consideration of all the air environment, and thus it is possible to create the optimal comfort conditions in the building's interior, and minimize energy waste. can do.

Sheath, Network, Shading, Ventilation

Description

Building envelope system {BUILDING ENVELOPE SYSTEM}

1 is a flow chart showing a control method of the building envelope system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of the building envelope system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: sensor unit 10: first shell

12: first ventilation damper 14: first ventilation damper drive unit

20: second shell 22: second ventilation damper

24: second ventilation damper drive unit 30: hollow layer

32: louver 34: louver drive unit

40: control unit 42: terminal

The present invention relates to a skin system, and more particularly to a skin system of a building and a control method thereof.

Glass is a light-transmitting building material, an indispensable element in modern architecture, and is used in all buildings in the form of numerous facades. However, because glass is thinner than commonly used building elements and has a high heat transmission rate, glass also has a reverse function of increasing cooling and heating loads along with a net function of providing natural light and view. In addition to the excessive heating and heating load, it may also cause visual discomfort such as thermal discomfort and glare due to solar radiation.

Various types of sunshades and facades have been developed to overcome these problems in the facade. One of the most advanced forms of facade was the early introduction of double skins, which typically consist of an outer window facing the outdoors, an inner window facing the interior, and a hollow layer formed between the two. .

Outer and inner windows are provided with openings and ventilation dampers to control the opening ratio of the openings, and hollow layers are provided with sunshades to control the inflow of sunshine and solar radiation. Generally, the opening is divided into the upper part and the lower part of the outer window.

In the heater, all the openings of the outer and inner windows are closed, and the solar energy absorbed and emitted by the sunshade increases the temperature of the hollow layer to reduce heat loss from indoors to outdoors.

In the air conditioner, the hollow layer shade absorbs solar energy and releases it from the hollow layer, and thermal buoyancy is formed in the hollow layer. When the upper and lower openings of the outer window are opened, hot air is opened by the thermal buoyancy in the hollow layer. And cool air is introduced from the lower opening to prevent solar energy from entering the room.

However, conventional building envelope systems, such as double skin systems, have a problem that their control is not based on the dynamic model of the system, but on simple practices. The building envelope system should be controlled differently according to outdoor and indoor variables, but there is a problem in that the double envelope system is not properly controlled when there are no occupants or when the occupants cannot determine the correct control state.

In addition, even if the occupants can determine the correct control state, if time passes without immediate control according to the needs of the occupants, the control state, which was determined to be correct at the characteristic time point, is changed to an unavoidable state. There is a problem. In such cases, the problem is that the double skin system may cause excessive energy waste and create an unpleasant indoor environment.

In addition, conventional building envelope system control methods have a problem in that they consider an approach in one environmental field, generally in terms of thermal environment. Since the facade is concerned with all of the heat, light, sound and air environments, a controlled state which is advantageous only in one environmental field is in many cases inevitable in other fields.

For example, in the case of a heater, it is advantageous to maximize the solar inflow by removing the sunshade to reduce the heating load in terms of the thermal environment, but this causes a lot of glare due to the low altitude of the sun during the heater in the light environment. there is a problem.

The present invention can control the building envelope system in real time according to the environmental conditions of the interior and exterior of the building and the user's preference of the building, can be controlled in consideration of all the heat, light, sound, air environment, accordingly the interior of the building It is to provide a building envelope system and a control method for creating an optimal comfort conditions in the building.

According to an aspect of the present invention, in a system for controlling the indoor environment by using an outer shell in which a ventilation unit and a light shielding unit are installed in a building, the sensor unit coupled to the outer shell or the room, and the first signal transmitted from the sensor unit A control unit for controlling an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light blocking unit correspondingly, and a driving unit for operating the ventilation unit and the light blocking unit in response to the second signal transmitted from the control unit, wherein the control unit includes: a receiving unit receiving the first signal; A control unit for calculating an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the one signal, and an output unit for generating a second signal in response to the calculation result of the operation unit; An envelope system is provided.

The sensor unit preferably detects at least one of external temperature, external humidity, direct solar radiation, scattering solar radiation, outdoor illuminance, indoor temperature, indoor humidity, indoor illuminance, and the state variables of the skin.

The ventilator includes one or more openings through which air flows between the interior and the outside, and means for adjusting the opening degree of the opening, and the light shield includes one or more shade devices installed on the outdoor side or the indoor side of the shell, The device preferably reflects or absorbs at least a portion of sunlight.

The control unit may be coupled to a web server through a network to transmit and receive information, and the driving unit may include a driving motor coupled to an opening / closing mechanism of the ventilation unit or the light shielding unit.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the building envelope system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding components are given the same reference numerals and duplicated thereto. The description will be omitted.

1 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of a building envelope system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The present invention aims to provide a comfortable environment that best fits the user's preferences and to improve energy savings by controlling the building envelope system of the building based on various indoor and outdoor conditions in an integrated manner.

The building envelope system to be controlled in the present invention is a system for controlling the indoor environment by using an envelope provided with a ventilation unit and a light shielding unit, the sensor unit coupled to the envelope or the room, and the first signal transmitted from the sensor unit. And a control unit for controlling an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light blocking unit, and a driving unit for operating the ventilation unit and the light blocking unit in response to the second signal transmitted from the control unit.

When the control unit is formed in the form of a microprocessor, a computer system equipped with the control unit is installed in a building, and the control system of the facade can be configured by connecting the input unit, the ventilation unit, and the shielding unit to the computer system.

The control unit includes a receiving unit for receiving a first signal, an calculating unit calculating an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the first signal, and an output unit generating a second signal in response to the calculation result of the calculating unit. It is networked with the sub and / or drive.

In order to enable the user to control the building envelope system in real time, the controller must be accessible regardless of the user's location. Therefore, it is preferable that the control unit according to the present invention be configured to be accessible through a network such as the Internet, an intranet, or a wireless Internet. To this end, the control unit may be combined with a web server through a network to transmit and receive information.

If the control unit is accessible via wired or wireless internet, the user can monitor the value input from the building envelope system and the operation status of the sunshade or ventilation damper even when the user is outdoors, and if necessary, change the operation mode, Since it is possible to directly control the building envelope system in a desired manner, control is possible in real time.

The ventilator includes one or more openings and means for controlling the opening degree of the opening to allow air flow between the indoor and outdoor areas, and includes an openable door, a ventilation damper, an air conditioner, and a heat exchanger. Ventilation devices may be included that can open, regulate, and block airflow.

The shading part includes one or more shading devices installed on the outdoor side or the indoor side of the outer skin, and the shading device reflects or absorbs at least part of the sunlight. The shading part may include a shading device capable of adjusting, limiting, and blocking the inflow of sunlight and sunlight into the room, such as curtains, roll blinds, vertical blinds, venetian blinds, and reflective louvers.

The sensor unit is installed in the indoor, outdoor, and / or outer shell to detect indoor and outdoor environmental conditions, and transmits the measured information to the controller. Information that the sensor can measure and transmit includes external temperature, external humidity, direct solar radiation, scattering solar radiation, outdoor illuminance, indoor temperature, indoor humidity, indoor illuminance, and the state variables of the envelope.

The driving unit includes a driving motor coupled to the opening or closing mechanism of the ventilation unit or the light shielding unit, and may include any one or more of a ventilation damper angle adjusting electric motor, a blind louver angle adjusting motor, and a blind shading degree adjusting motor. And controls driving of the ventilator and / or the light shield in response to the second signal transmitted from the controller.

The calculation unit included in the control unit includes a first variable for reflecting the environmental conditions of the indoor and outdoor, a second variable for reflecting the facade and indoor and outdoor properties, a third variable for reflecting the weight according to the user's preference, A cost function consisting of a fourth variable for indicating a range and a fifth variable for indicating an operation degree of the ventilation portion and the light shielding portion is input. And as a sixth variable, a mathematical model may be added that describes the dynamic response of the system to account for the state variables of the system and thus changes in room conditions.

Since the first variable is intended to reflect the current environmental conditions of the indoor and outdoor, it is preferable to receive the input through the sensing means, while the second variable reflects the material properties of the facade and the interior. It is preferable.

Therefore, the controller includes a database to store the second variable. The third variable for reflecting the user's preferences and the fourth variable for indicating the allowable range also do not change frequently, and different settings may be used for a plurality of users, so they are also stored in the database.

The control unit includes a database for storing the second variable, the third variable, and the fourth variable, and the operation unit receives the first variable from the first signal, and inputs the second variable, the third variable, and the fourth variable from the database. It calculates the value of the cost function by substituting it into the cost function.

The control object of the system proposed in the present invention is a facade consisting of one or more sheaths, one or more shading devices, and one or more ventilation dampers installed in the sheath. In the building envelope system of the present invention, each shading device is collectively called a shading unit, and each ventilation damper is collectively called a ventilation unit.

Each skin is made of glass and it is common to have at least one open and close ventilation damper on each skin, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the case where glass windows and doors which can be opened and closed on a general concrete wall is also included in the facade to be controlled by the present invention.

Whereas a building facade consists of one sheath, if the facade consists of two or more sheaths, the space between each sheath acts as a thermal buffer space, further improving the thermal performance of the facade. In particular, as in the case of the above-described double skin, if each of the shell is provided with a ventilation damper that can adjust the opening ratio, it is possible to control the facade according to the needs according to the indoor and outdoor conditions, while a more complex control method is required.

A sunshade, an element of the facade, serves to block the sun and influx of sun. Sunlight affects the natural light in the room, and sunrays affects the thermal comfort and air-conditioning load of the room.

Insolation and insolation in some cases have both positive and negative effects. The maximum amount of sunshine can save artificial lighting energy used to satisfy pleasant indoor lighting, but sunshine inflows at low altitudes can cause glare for the occupants. Inflow of solar radiation as much as possible can reduce the heating load on the heater, but may also increase the cooling load on the air conditioner. And since this phenomenon has a time-lag, it is difficult to control.

Control of sunshade is further complicated because one action may have conflicting effects in various environments, such as when solar inflow is favorable but solar inflow is disadvantageous, or solar inflow is disadvantageous but solar inflow is favorable.

The shading device is capable of adjusting the shading degree and / or the angle of the constituent louver, and is coupled to the driving unit in the case of automatically controlling the operation of the shading device by the control unit as in the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the driving unit coupled to the above-described ventilation unit and the light shielding unit may be separately controlled by receiving signals from the control unit.

In addition, the envelope system according to the present invention is based on the premise of introducing natural light, but is not necessarily limited thereto, and may also be interlocked with an indoor lighting system such as on-off and dimming fluorescent lamps. Of course.

In order to control the envelope system of a building including such a component, first, an input value including an outside air temperature and an indoor temperature is measured, and the heating / cooling load of the room is calculated (100).

At this stage, the outside temperature and room temperature are measured, focusing on the indoor heat environment and heating and cooling loads, but indoors and outdoors temperature, humidity, illuminance, carbon dioxide (CO2) amount, volatile organic compounds ( The process of measuring inputs associated with any one or more of environmental factors such as VOC), dust, and outdoor solar radiation, sunshine, solar altitude, solar orientation, wind speed or wind pressure, wind direction, and noise, and determining the corresponding indoor load. It may include.

Indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, the sun's altitude and insolation are factors that affect the indoor thermal environment, while indoor illuminance and the sun's altitude are factors that affect the indoor light environment, and indoor and outdoor carbon dioxide, VOC, dust, and Outdoor wind speeds and wind direction are factors that affect the indoor air environment, ie natural ventilation. In addition, when the outside noise is higher than a predetermined standard, it is possible to close the opening of the facade or to use the shading device as a sound insulation layer to contribute to the indoor soundproofing.

In response to each input value, various sensors are installed at the corresponding locations in the building envelope system. For example, the outside temperature and insolation measurement sensor is installed on the exterior side of the facade and the indoor temperature measurement sensor is installed on the interior side of the facade, and as described below, when the controller controls the building envelope system through a network, A signal corresponding to the input is sent over the network.

Many apartment buildings now have weather stations in complexes or units. If the control of the building envelope system is connected to a server in such an apartment complex, these weather station measurements may be used to enter the environmental condition variables. In particular, when the building envelope system control method of the present invention is used in one apartment complex, the cost can be greatly reduced by allowing a plurality of building envelope systems to share outdoor measurements.

The second variable, the third variable, and the fourth variable are stored in a database of the controller. Before proceeding to the next step of the control method of the building envelope system, the user can add or modify the contents stored in the database as needed.

Although the third variables related to the user preference weight in the database may be directly input by the user, in general, since the user is ignorant of the standards related to the indoor environment, the user preference weight variables may be set to the driving mode.

The operation mode is set based on the user's preferences of the building, and reflects domestic and foreign comfort environment standards, and includes at least one of visual comfort mode, thermal comfort mode, automatic operation mode, energy saving mode, occupant selection mode, and night mode. do.

Next, the first cost factor of the first state is calculated by inputting the heating and cooling load value of step 100, and the second cost factor of the second state is calculated by assuming that the ventilator and the light shield are operated. The magnitude of the calculated cost factor and the second calculated cost factor are determined (110).

In this process, the second and fourth variables stored in the database are used to calculate the cost factor.

The second variable reflects the material properties of the facade and the interior, and the thermal or thermal conductivity, the transmittance, the reflectance, the absorbance, the emissivity, the space between the skin and the bottom of the facade, the shade, and / or the space between the facade and ceiling. It may include any one or more of the size, and the size and reflectance of the room.

As advanced materials, variable glass can be used for the skin of the facade. In recent years, there are several kinds of materials in which the transmittance, reflectance, and absorption rate of glass change depending on the situation, among which are photochromic glass and thermochromic glass.

Photochromic glass, also referred to as photosensitive glass, varies in transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance depending on the amount of light, and in thermochromic glass, its transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance vary with temperature. If such a material is used for the facade, it will be necessary to enter the change properties of this variable glass.

When physical properties input such as variable glass change, the value of the second variable input to the database may not be a constant. In addition, the third variable and the fourth variable are input based on a user's preference, and the user's preference may also vary according to indoor and outdoor environmental conditions.

Therefore, the second variable, the third variable, and the fourth variable stored in the database are not only input as constants, but also they can be input as functions using the detected environmental condition variable as a variable.

Considering the light and air environments in addition to the indoor thermal environment, the above-listed factors all affect the indoor thermal environment, and the transmittance and reflectance of the skin and sunshade affect the indoor light environment. admit. The factors related to the indoor air environment have the largest influence on the size of the room.However, in natural ventilation, the thermal conditions of the room and the facade affect the airflow. Can be crazy.

Including as many factors as possible allows for more precise system control, but may increase the processing power of the controller accordingly. Therefore, it may be desirable to identify and exclude the effect of the facade and the physical properties of the indoor environment is considered to be insignificant.

The fifth variable includes at least one of the shading degree of the shading device, the louver angle of the shading device, and the opening ratio of the ventilation damper. The shading degree of the shading device indicates how much is used for the shading purpose compared to the total area of the shading device.

In general, the sunshade device may serve as the sunshade, and the sunshade device may be used to promote solar radiation or sunshine, and in most cases, only halfway between them may be used. There are shading devices such as curtains and roller blinds that can be controlled only by their shading.

Louver blinds or vertical blinds are composed of multiple louvers, which play different roles in thermal and light environments depending on the angle of the louver. In this case, not only the shading degree of the sunshade but also the louver angle is a control element of the building envelope system.

The opening ratio of the ventilation damper is directly related to the flow of airflow through the facade, thus affecting the indoor air environment. In addition, when the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity conditions are different, the airflow affects the indoor thermal environment.

If the facade contains one or more sheaths, the space between the sheaths will have another temperature and humidity condition, especially if the hollow layer is provided with a sunshade to absorb and release the solar radiation. By controlling the flow of airflow between spaces having different temperature and humidity conditions in various ways, outdoor conditions can be used differently to create a comfortable environment in the room.

As mentioned above, variable glass, a state-of-the-art material developed recently, can be used for the facade skin. Electrochromic glass, which is a type of variable glass, is a material whose transmittance, reflectance, and absorption rate change as power is supplied to the glass.

When the electrochromic glass is used for the skin, the control is controlled according to the user's operation, not according to the indoor or outdoor environment, so that the transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance of the skin composed of the electrochromic glass are also calculated as the fifth variable. Becomes

The cost factor satisfies the following equation.

Where Yi is a cost factor for the temperature of the i state, Ci is a weight of the i state, and Xi is a heating and cooling load of the i state.

In the case of considering the light environment and the air environment in addition to the thermal environment in the room, the heat, light, sound, and air environment fields are based on the first variable, the second variable, the third variable, the fourth variable, and the fifth variable. We can use a "cost function" consisting of the sum of one or more cost factors to calculate the indoor comfort level in.

Each cost factor gives a "cost value" corresponding to a degree of deviation from the comfort range of each environmental factor represented by the fourth variable, and the cost function is a value obtained by multiplying the cost value of each penalty function by the user symbol weight represented by the third variable. Is the sum of.

Environmental factors for which the comfort range should be set include room temperature, radiation temperature, humidity, illuminance, carbon dioxide amount, VOC amount, dust amount, and noise. Among these, there are parameters that need to set the upper limit value, and there are factors that need to set the upper limit value and the lower limit value.

For example, the carbon dioxide amount only needs to be set. To this end, if the upper limit Lu is input to the comfortable range variable of carbon dioxide amount, the cost factor for the average carbon dioxide amount Cavg in the room is expressed as follows.

As in the example of illuminance, when both the upper limit value and the lower limit value are to be input, the upper limit value Lu and the lower limit value Ld of the illuminance are input, and the cost factor related to the average illuminance Eavg in the room is expressed as follows.

Factors affecting the indoor thermal environment include temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, and air velocity. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is often used to assess the thermal environment in a room. PMV expresses temperature, humidity, radiation temperature, air flow rate, wear rate, and activity as a single indicator, with "neutral" as 0 and "hot" (3), "warm" (2), "slightly" Warm "(1)," slightly cool "(-1)," cool "(-2), and" cold "(-3).

Although comfort ranges can be set individually for each factor of the thermal environment, a single indicator such as PMV can be used. The cost factor for evaluating the indoor thermal environment using PMV is expressed as

Obtaining the values of the fifth variables that result in the lowest cost function, these values represent the degree of facade adjustment that provides the least unpleasant, or most pleasant, environment for the user based on user preferences. The cost function used in the present invention may take the following form.

Where J is the cost function, x_i is the current room value for factor i, f_i is the penalty function for evaluating factor i, and r_i is the third variable representing the user preference weight assigned to the factor i. .

In entering the comfort range variable, in addition to the comfort allowance range of the factor that can be objectively determined, an arbitrary penalty function and a corresponding range may be set according to the subjective preference of the user.

For example, a sunshade composed of a number of louvers may be beneficial to the indoor environment by blocking sun and sunshine, but obscures the view seen through the facade. Therefore, the user may set a penalty function for visibility through the facade so that the louver angle of the facade is kept within a specific range so as not to obscure the exterior landscape.

If the control element of the facade is small, the value of the cost function can be compared by directly substituting the number of cases applicable within the possible range of the fifth variable. However, this method is very difficult to use when there are many control elements of the facade as in the case of the double skin. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to analyze the cost function itself to calculate the fifth variable value that leads to the lowest cost function value.

The calculated fifth parameter value indicates the degree of adjustment of the facade that provides the most pleasant environment according to the indoor and outdoor environmental conditions and the preferences of the user of the building. The user may manually adjust the control elements of the building envelope system with reference to the calculated fifth parameter values.

Determine the cost factor or cost function of the first state, that is, the current state and the second state, that is, the state where the ventilator and the light shield are operated.

Next, in response to the determination of step 110, the degree of operation of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit is calculated so that the indoor environment is in the second state, and a control signal corresponding thereto is generated (120).

The control unit may further include a display unit accessible through the network, and after step 120, the input unit or the calculated value in steps 100 to 120 may be displayed on the display unit (122). When the control unit is implemented in a computer system, the display unit may be implemented in the form of a monitor. When the user accesses the control unit via wired or wireless Internet, the display unit of the terminal used by the user may perform the display unit function of the control unit according to the present invention. do.

Furthermore, the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit are operated in response to the control signal. 130 The detailed configuration of the driving motor coupled to the sunshade device or the ventilation damper is obvious to those skilled in the art, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In order to enable the user to control the building envelope system in real time, the building envelope system is configured to be accessible through a network, so that the control unit preferably transmits the drive signal to the drive unit through a network.

Normally, the drive unit including the drive motor may be connected to the network through a LAN, and the control unit may be connected to the same network, and then the control unit and the drive unit may be connected to the network by setting a protocol for bilateral communication. However, the present invention is not limited to the network connection method between the controller and the driver as described above, and other types of connection methods may be used within a range apparent to those skilled in the art.

Although the technical spirit of the present invention has been described in detail according to the above-described embodiments, the above-described embodiments are for the purpose of description and not of limitation, and a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate It will be understood that various embodiments are possible within the scope.

According to the present invention having the configuration as described above, it is possible to control the building envelope system in real time according to the environmental conditions of the outdoor and indoor and the user's preference, can be controlled in consideration of all heat, light, sound, air environment Therefore, it is possible to create the optimal comfort conditions in the interior of the building, it is possible to minimize energy waste.

Claims (6)

In the system for controlling the indoor environment of the building in one or more preset operating mode by using the outer shell of the building, the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit is installed, A sensor unit coupled to the envelope or the room; A control unit controlling whether the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit are operated in response to the first signal transmitted from the sensor unit; And a driving unit for operating the ventilation unit and the light blocking unit in response to the second signal transmitted from the control unit. The controller may include a receiver configured to receive the first signal, a calculator configured to calculate an operation degree of the ventilation unit and the light shielding unit in response to the first signal, and the second signal corresponding to a calculation result of the calculator. And an output unit for generating and connected to the sensor unit or the driving unit through a network and coupled with a web server through a network to transmit and receive information. The method of claim 1, The sensor unit is a building envelope system for detecting any one or more of the external temperature, external humidity, direct solar radiation, scattering solar radiation, outdoor illuminance, indoor temperature, indoor humidity, indoor illuminance. The method of claim 1, The ventilating system includes at least one opening that allows air flow between the indoor and outdoor, and means for adjusting the opening degree of the opening. The method of claim 1, The shading part includes one or more shading devices installed on an outdoor side or an indoor side of the sheath, wherein the shading device reflects or absorbs at least a part of sunlight. The method of claim 1, The operation mode is any one or more selected from the group consisting of a visual comfort mode, thermal comfort mode, automatic operation mode, energy saving mode, occupant selection mode, night mode. The method of claim 1, And the driving part includes a driving motor coupled to the opening and closing mechanism of the ventilation part or the light shielding part.

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