FR2891236A1 - Bonnet for motor vehicle engine compartment has inner liner with reinforcing elements leaving spaces for rigid inner components to reduce pedestrian head injuries - Google Patents

Bonnet for motor vehicle engine compartment has inner liner with reinforcing elements leaving spaces for rigid inner components to reduce pedestrian head injuries Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2891236A1
FR2891236A1 FR0509955A FR0509955A FR2891236A1 FR 2891236 A1 FR2891236 A1 FR 2891236A1 FR 0509955 A FR0509955 A FR 0509955A FR 0509955 A FR0509955 A FR 0509955A FR 2891236 A1 FR2891236 A1 FR 2891236A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
hood
motor vehicle
engine compartment
cover
bonnet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR0509955A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Alexis Rajon
Laurent Rocheblave
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Plastic Omnium SE
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Plastic Omnium SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plastic Omnium SE filed Critical Plastic Omnium SE
Priority to FR0509955A priority Critical patent/FR2891236A1/en
Publication of FR2891236A1 publication Critical patent/FR2891236A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B62D25/10—Bonnets or lids, e.g. for trucks, tractors, busses, work vehicles
    • B62D25/105—Bonnets or lids, e.g. for trucks, tractors, busses, work vehicles for motor cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/001—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material
    • B62D29/005—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof characterised by combining metal and synthetic material preformed metal and synthetic material elements being joined together, e.g. by adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/34—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians
    • B60R2021/343—Protecting non-occupants of a vehicle, e.g. pedestrians using deformable body panel, bodywork or components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Superstructure Of Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

The vehicle engine compartment bonnet has an outer visible skin of a thermo-setting or thermoplastic material or sheet metal, an inner thermoplastic liner (1) of a sheet material (2) and reinforcing elements in the form of ribs or blocks, shaped so that they leave spaces for projecting components of the engine. The reinforcing elements are located particularly round the outside of the bonnet and especially in the zones (6, 7, 8) in contact with the vehicle body.

Description

La présente invention concerne un capot de véhicule automobile destiné àThe present invention relates to a hood of a motor vehicle intended for

fermer un compartiment moteur contenant des pièces rigides.  close an engine compartment containing rigid parts.

On sait que le capot d'un véhicule automobile constitue une zone d'impact pour la tête d'un piéton qui serait renversé par l'avant du véhicule.  It is known that the hood of a motor vehicle constitutes an impact zone for the head of a pedestrian who would be overturned by the front of the vehicle.

Dans ce cas, en percutant le capot, la tête du piéton subit une décélération brutale, que l'on quantifie souvent à l'aide d'un paramètre dénommé "HIC", de l'anglicisme "Head Injury Criteria".  In this case, by striking the hood, the head of the pedestrian undergoes a sudden deceleration, which is often quantified using a parameter called "HIC", Anglicism "Head Injury Criteria".

Plus le HIC est élevé, plus la décélération de la tête est brutale et plus les lésions engendrées par le choc sont potentiellement graves.  The higher the HIC, the more sudden the deceleration of the head, and the more severe the lesions caused by the shock.

Il est également connu que le capot peut constituer un absorbeur d'énergie efficace pour la tête d'un piéton s'il se déforme en laissant la tête du piéton s'enfoncer dans sa surface. Le capot peut ainsi absorber une quantité importante d'énergie, sans que le HIC ne dépasse un seuil critique prédéterminé.  It is also known that the hood can be an effective energy absorber for the head of a pedestrian if it deforms by letting the pedestrian's head sink into its surface. The hood can thus absorb a large amount of energy, without the HIC exceeding a predetermined critical threshold.

Pour optimiser le rôle d'absorbeur du capot, on a déjà proposé, dans le document WO 03004263, un matériau structurel multicouche constitué par une couche de base en une matière relativement flexible, telle que l'acier ou l'aluminium, et une couche support en une matière relativement cassante, ce matériau multicouche étant utilisé pour constituer un capot de véhicule automobile.  To optimize the role of hood absorber, it has already been proposed, in WO 03004263, a multilayer structural material consisting of a base layer of a relatively flexible material, such as steel or aluminum, and a layer support in a relatively brittle material, this multilayer material being used to form a hood of a motor vehicle.

L'avantage d'un tel matériau est que la matière cassante est rigide dans un premier temps, pour permettre une décélération importante de la tête, puis se casse dans un second temps, laissant la matière flexible accompagner la tête jusqu'à son enfoncement maximum.  The advantage of such a material is that the brittle material is rigid at first, to allow a significant deceleration of the head, then breaks in a second time, allowing the flexible material to accompany the head to its maximum penetration .

Une difficulté subsiste néanmoins dans le fait que le compartiment moteur peut renfermer des pièces rigides et fixes situées très près du capot. Lors de son enfoncement à l'endroit de ces pièces, la tête peut donc se trouver stoppée par appui contre une de ces pièces rigides à travers le capot. De graves lésions peuvent alors se produire.  A difficulty nevertheless remains in the fact that the engine compartment can contain rigid and fixed parts located very close to the hood. During its depression at the location of these parts, the head can be stopped by pressing against one of these rigid parts through the hood. Serious lesions can then occur.

Mais même si la tête impacte le capot ailleurs qu'à la verticale d'une telle pièce rigide, son enfoncement se trouve limité par le fait que le capot, en se déformant, rencontre la pièce rigide et offre subitement une résistance élevée à l'enfoncement de la tête, ce qui fait grimper subitement la valeur du HIC.  But even if the head impacts the hood elsewhere than vertically such a rigid part, its depression is limited by the fact that the hood, by deforming, meets the rigid part and suddenly offers a high resistance to the head, which suddenly increases the value of the HIC.

La présente invention vise à surmonter cette difficulté.  The present invention aims to overcome this difficulty.

La présente invention a pour objet un capot d'un véhicule automobile destiné à fermer un compartiment moteur contenant des pièces rigides, le capot comportant une peau extérieure visible et une doublure de peau intérieure, caractérisé en ce que la doublure comprend des renforts visant à accroître la rigidité d'ensemble du capot et, au moins en un emplacement localisé destiné à recouvrir les pièces rigides les plus hautes du compartiment moteur, une région dépourvue de renfort.  The present invention relates to a hood of a motor vehicle for closing an engine compartment containing rigid parts, the hood comprising a visible outer skin and an inner skin lining, characterized in that the lining comprises reinforcements to increase the overall rigidity of the hood and, at least in a localized location intended to cover the rigid upper parts of the engine compartment, a region devoid of reinforcement.

Le capot selon l'invention constitue, pour la tête d'un piéton qui viendrait I'impacter, un absorbeur d'énergie évitant le dépassement du seuil critique de HIC. Ceci est permis, d'une part, par le fait que la rigidité du capot est réglée, par dimensionnement des renforts, de sorte que l'enfoncement de la tête absorbe une grande quantité d'énergie sans dépassement du seuil critique du HIC. D'autre part, à la verticale de la ou des pièces rigides les plus hautes du compartiment moteur, la course de déformation du capot est suffisante, n'étant pas réduite par la présence de renforts.  The hood according to the invention is, for the head of a pedestrian who would impact, an energy absorber avoiding exceeding the critical threshold of HIC. This is allowed, on the one hand, by the fact that the rigidity of the hood is adjusted by sizing the reinforcements, so that the depression of the head absorbs a large amount of energy without exceeding the critical threshold of the HIC. On the other hand, in the vertical of the rigid part or the highest parts of the engine compartment, the deformation stroke of the cover is sufficient, not being reduced by the presence of reinforcements.

En d'autres termes, grâce à l'invention, la présence des renforts dans la doublure du capot ne réduit pas la course d'enfoncement de la tête dans le capot.  In other words, thanks to the invention, the presence of reinforcements in the hood lining does not reduce the driving stroke of the head in the hood.

Ainsi, dans le capot selon l'invention, la peau extérieure visible est mise à contribution pour répartir sur les renforts l'effort dû à l'enfoncement de la tête. Ces renforts sont eux-mêmes répartis dans la doublure de manière à la soutenir tout en permettant au capot d'accompagner l'enfoncement de la tête sans rencontrer de pièces rigides du compartiment moteur.  Thus, in the hood according to the invention, the visible outer skin is used to distribute on the reinforcements the force due to the depression of the head. These reinforcements are themselves distributed in the lining so as to support it while allowing the hood to accompany the driving of the head without encountering rigid parts of the engine compartment.

A titre d'exemple, la région de la doublure dépourvue de renforts peut se trouver à la verticale d'une batterie électrique logée de façon proéminente dans le compartiment moteur. Dans ce cas, toute la surface de la doublure est renforcée par des nervures ou des plots par exemple, à l'exception d'une région se trouvant à la verticale de la batterie, laquelle région se limite à un voile de matière plaquée contre la peau du capot.  For example, the region of the liner without reinforcements can be located vertically an electric battery housed prominently in the engine compartment. In this case, the entire surface of the lining is reinforced by ribs or studs for example, with the exception of a region lying vertically of the battery, which region is limited to a veil of material plated against the Hood skin.

Dans un autre exemple, les renforts s'étendent en étoile sous la doublure. Plus particulièrement, les renforts sont constitués par des corps creux allongés qui s'étendent en étoile sous le capot en évitant de passer à la verticale des pièces rigides les plus hautes du compartiment moteur.  In another example, the reinforcements extend in a star under the lining. More particularly, the reinforcements are constituted by elongated hollow bodies which extend in a star under the bonnet, avoiding passing vertically higher rigid parts of the engine compartment.

Dans cet exemple, la relativement faible surface occupée par les renforts est compensée par le fait que ces derniers sont formés par des corps creux allongés qui sont particulièrement rigides. Dans ce cas, les renforts de la doublure de capot aboutissent de préférence à la périphérie du capot en des emplacements correspondant à des points d'appui du capot sur le châssis du véhicule. De tels points d'appui peuvent être constitués par des charnières du capot, des butées du capot, une serrure du capot ou un corps creux du capot situé en pied de pare- brise.  In this example, the relatively small area occupied by the reinforcements is compensated by the fact that the latter are formed by elongated hollow bodies which are particularly rigid. In this case, the reinforcements of the hood liner preferably lead to the periphery of the hood in locations corresponding to the bearing points of the hood on the chassis of the vehicle. Such support points may be constituted by hood hinges, cover stops, a cover lock or a hollow body of the hood located at the base of the windshield.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la peau du capot est réalisée en thermodurcissable, en thermoplastique ou en tôle Dans un autre mode de réalisation particulier, compatible avec le précédent, la doublure du capot est réalisée en thermoplastique, par exemple en polypropylène.  In a particular embodiment, the skin of the cover is made of thermosetting, thermoplastic or sheet metal. In another particular embodiment, compatible with the previous one, the lining of the cover is made of thermoplastic, for example polypropylene.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins dans lesquels: la figure 1 est une vue en perspective de dessous d'une doublure de capot selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, la figure 2 est une vue en coupe schématique selon II-II de la figure 1, la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de dessous d'une doublure de capot selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view from below of a hood liner according to a first embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view along II-II of Figure 1, Figure 3 is a perspective view from below of a hood liner according to a second embodiment of the invention.

Un premier mode de réalisation.A first embodiment.

Désignation des parties du dessins 1. Doublure.  Designation of the parts of the drawings 1. Lining.

2. Voile de fond.2. Bottom sail.

3. Nervures de renfort.3. Reinforcement ribs.

4. Nervure périphérique.4. Peripheral rib.

5. Emplacement de batterie.5. Battery location.

6. Emplacement d'une serrure.6. Location of a lock.

7. Emplacement de butée capot.7. Hood stop location.

8. Emplacement de charnière.8. Hinge location.

9. Batterie électrique.9. Electric battery.

10. Aile.10. Wing.

11. Représentation schématique du capot constituée par une peau extérieure visible et par la doublure 1 avant un choc.  11. Schematic representation of the cover constituted by a visible outer skin and the lining 1 before an impact.

12. Conformation du capot après enfoncement d'une tête de piéton.  12. Conformation of the hood after driving a pedestrian's head.

13. Tête de piéton.13. Pedestrian's head.

La doublure est réalisée en polypropylène. La peau de capot (non représentée sur les figures) est réalisée en thermoplastique, en thermodurcissable ou en tôle.  The lining is made of polypropylene. The bonnet skin (not shown in the figures) is made of thermoplastic, thermosetting or sheet metal.

La nervure de renfort 3 est en étoile et évite la région qui est destinée à recouvrir une batterie 9, non représentée, pièce rigide fixe la plus haute d'un compartiment moteur. Cette nervure de renfort 3 est un corps creux.  The reinforcement rib 3 is star-shaped and avoids the region which is intended to cover a battery 9, not shown, the highest fixed rigid part of a motor compartment. This reinforcing rib 3 is a hollow body.

La nervure de renfort 3 aboutit, à la périphérie du capot, en des emplacements 6, 7, 8 correspondant à des points d'appuis du capot sur le châssis du véhicule automobile.  The reinforcing rib 3 ends, at the periphery of the hood, at locations 6, 7, 8 corresponding to points of support of the hood on the chassis of the motor vehicle.

Sur la figure 2, on voit que le capot peut se déformer en accompagnant la tête de piéton 13 sans rencontrer la batterie électrique 9 grâce au fait que dans la région correspondant à l'emplacement 5 de cette batterie 9, la doublure 1 ne comporte aucune nervure de renfort 3. Cela laisse une course de débattement suffisante pour le capot au dessus de la batterie.  In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the hood can be deformed by accompanying the pedestrian head 13 without encountering the electric battery 9 because, in the region corresponding to the location 5 of this battery 9, the lining 1 does not include any reinforcement rib 3. This leaves a sufficient travel stroke for the hood above the battery.

Le voile 2, qui constitue la doublure 1 en dehors des nervures de renfort 3 est d'une épaisseur d'environ 2 à 3 millimètres et est plaqué contre la peau du capot. Deuxième mode de réalisation.  The web 2, which constitutes the lining 1 outside the reinforcing ribs 3 is about 2 to 3 millimeters thick and is pressed against the hood skin. Second embodiment.

Désignation des parties du dessin.Designation of the parts of the drawing.

21. Doublure.21. Lining.

22. Voile.22. Sailing.

23. Nervures de renfort.23. Reinforcement ribs.

24. Nervures périphérique.24. Peripheral ribs.

25. Région dépourvue de nervures.25. Region devoid of ribs.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré par la figure 3, le même dégagement situé à l'emplacement 5 de la batterie 9 permet la déformation du capot lors de l'enfoncement d'une tête de piéton 13, sans que celle-ci ne heurte la batterie 9.  In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the same clearance located at the location 5 of the battery 9 enables the bonnet to deform when a pedestrian head 13 is depressed, without the latter striking the battery 9.

Il est bien entendu que les modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrit ne présente aucun caractère limitatif et qu'ils pourront recevoir toutes modifications délivrables sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.  It is understood that the embodiments which have just been described is not limiting in nature and that they can receive any deliverable modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Capot d'un véhicule automobile destiné à fermer un compartiment moteur contenant des pièces rigides (9) , le capot comportant une peau extérieure visible et une doublure de peau intérieure (1), caractérisé en ce que la doublure comprend des renforts (3) visant à accroître la rigidité d'ensemble du capot et, au moins en un emplacement (5) localisé destiné à recouvrir les pièces rigides les plus hautes du compartiment moteur, une région dépourvue de renfort.  Motor vehicle cover for closing an engine compartment containing rigid parts (9), the cover comprising a visible outer skin and an inner skin liner (1), characterized in that the lining comprises reinforcements (3). ) to increase the overall rigidity of the hood and, at least in a location (5) located to cover the upper rigid parts of the engine compartment, a region without reinforcement. 2. Capot selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la région de la doublure (1) de capot dépourvue de renfort est constituée d'un voile de matière (2) plaqué contre la peau du capot.  2. Hood according to claim 1, wherein the region of the liner (1) without reinforcement cover consists of a web of material (2) pressed against the hood skin. 3. Capot selon la revendication 2, dans lequel les renforts (3) de la doublure (1) sont des nervures ou des plots.  3. Hood according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcements (3) of the liner (1) are ribs or pads. 4. Capot selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel les renforts (3) s'étendent en étoile sous la doublure (1).  4. Cover according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcements (3) extend star under the liner (1). 5. Capot selon la revendication 4, monté sur un châssis de véhicule automobile, dans lequel les renforts de la doublure (1) de capot aboutissent à la périphérie du capot, en des emplacements (6, 7, 8) correspondant à des points d'appui du capot sur le châssis du véhicule automobile.  5. Cover according to claim 4, mounted on a motor vehicle frame, wherein the reinforcements of the lining (1) of the hood end at the periphery of the hood, at locations (6, 7, 8) corresponding to points of bonnet support on the chassis of the motor vehicle. 6. . Capot selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la peau est réalisée en thermodurcissable, thermoplastique ou en tôle.  6.. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the skin is made of thermosetting, thermoplastic or sheet. 7. Capot selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel la doublure est réalisée en thermoplastique (1) notamment polypropylène.  7. Hood according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lining is made of thermoplastic (1) including polypropylene.
FR0509955A 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Bonnet for motor vehicle engine compartment has inner liner with reinforcing elements leaving spaces for rigid inner components to reduce pedestrian head injuries Pending FR2891236A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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FR0509955A FR2891236A1 (en) 2005-09-29 2005-09-29 Bonnet for motor vehicle engine compartment has inner liner with reinforcing elements leaving spaces for rigid inner components to reduce pedestrian head injuries

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2931785A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VEHICLE COVER, DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH HOOD
CN103118924A (en) * 2010-12-03 2013-05-22 日产自动车株式会社 Hood inner panel
FR3035058A1 (en) * 2015-04-16 2016-10-21 Renault Sa FRONT COVER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10003623A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-09 Audi Ag Safety arrangement for a vehicle, in particular, a motor vehicle comprises bonnet stiffening beads which are positioned so that they are not directly above the telescoping wheel support units
WO2003004263A1 (en) 2001-02-26 2003-01-16 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Structural material, in particular suitable for vehicles, such as cars
DE10259981A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Chassis part for vehicles has a duroplastic sandwich shell and a thermoplastic sandwich shell
EP1504985A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-09 Centre d'Etude et de Recherche pour l'Automobile ( CERA) Multipurpose reinforcing panel for the bonnet of a vehicle
JP2005053285A (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-03-03 Toyota Motor Corp Hood structure for vehicle
EP1527984A2 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hood structure for vehicle

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10003623A1 (en) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-09 Audi Ag Safety arrangement for a vehicle, in particular, a motor vehicle comprises bonnet stiffening beads which are positioned so that they are not directly above the telescoping wheel support units
WO2003004263A1 (en) 2001-02-26 2003-01-16 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Structural material, in particular suitable for vehicles, such as cars
DE10259981A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Chassis part for vehicles has a duroplastic sandwich shell and a thermoplastic sandwich shell
EP1504985A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-09 Centre d'Etude et de Recherche pour l'Automobile ( CERA) Multipurpose reinforcing panel for the bonnet of a vehicle
JP2005053285A (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-03-03 Toyota Motor Corp Hood structure for vehicle
EP1527984A2 (en) * 2003-10-27 2005-05-04 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hood structure for vehicle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2003, no. 12 5 December 2003 (2003-12-05) *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2931785A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa VEHICLE COVER, DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH HOOD
EP2130746A1 (en) * 2008-06-03 2009-12-09 Peugeot Citroën Automobiles Sa Vehicle bonnet, method and device for manufacturing such a bonnet by moulding.
CN103118924A (en) * 2010-12-03 2013-05-22 日产自动车株式会社 Hood inner panel
CN103118924B (en) * 2010-12-03 2015-06-17 日产自动车株式会社 Hood inner panel
FR3035058A1 (en) * 2015-04-16 2016-10-21 Renault Sa FRONT COVER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE

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