FR2884300A1 - INSTALLATION FOR TEMPERING THE AIR INTRODUCED IN THE PREMISES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention essentially relates to installations intended to improve the thermal comfort of living quarters, premises used for offices, industrial activities or leisure activities. It describes an installation intended to modify the temperature of the air introduced into a room, by using on the one hand the thermal inertia of the soil as a source of calories or frigories and on the other hand water as a primary vector then the air as a secondary vector for transmitting calories or frigories extracted from the soil to said premises. The installation according to the invention comprises one or more buried vertical tubes (1) filled with water, which water is moved by a circulator (2) between the volume contained in the tube (1) and a water / air exchanger (3) through which passes the flow of air taken outside and then introduced into the premises. The action of this exchanger is completed by an air / air exchanger (20) whose primary compartment is traversed by the air leaving the water / air exchanger (3) and the secondary compartment by air extracted from the local this secondary compartment may be provided with a device (23) for diffusing in the summer period water taken from the interior volume of the buried vertical tube (1).

Description

The invention essentially relates to installations intended for

  to improve the thermal comfort of residential premises, office space, industrial or recreational activities. It also relates to the products and components enabling the realization of such installations. The invention finds

  preferential applications in improving the thermal comfort of individual houses but can also apply to collective premises, medical or not. The installations according to the invention are intended to improve the temperature and hygrometry of the air distributed in the premises, with the lowest possible energy expenditure. The facilities to according to the invention will be advantageously used for preheating and setting frost and moisture out of the living quarters in winter and for the refreshing of these same premises in summer.

  Controlling the temperatures and hygrometry rates of fresh air flows introduced into the premises becomes even more important that the use of double-glazed windows and insulated joinery implies the need to renew the air of these premises by mechanized devices, known as Controlled Mechanical Ventilation.

  It is known to cool or preheat the renewal air of living quarters, by means of heating or air conditioning systems. It is also known to use so-called dual flow ventilation devices, in which the calories contained in the extracted air are transmitted, for example by means of an exchanger, to the flow of fresh air introduced into the premises. In many applications, it is possible to address all the needs relating to the thermal and hygrometric comfort of the premises by treating the renewed air flow; in this case we speak of a heating system and / or air conditioning, especially qualified systems "all fresh air".

  It is finally known to use Canadian wells, also known as Californian wells or Provençal wells to improve the temperatures at which the flow of fresh air is introduced into the premises. This technique consists of passing air through buried pipes at a depth sufficient for this air to be relatively temperate in winter and relatively cool in summer. If we take the precaution of providing sufficiently long passage lengths, we obtain with this solution a very significant contribution to the perceived comfort and energy balance of the premises. These installations are based on the circulation of air in buried pipes at depths sufficient to benefit from the thermal inertia of the soil. However, they have the disadvantage of requiring long lengths of buried pipes, said pipes being difficult to access and therefore difficult to monitor and maintain. In addition, these pipes lo require the carrying out of long and expensive earthmoving operations, a large volume of soil to be removed and backfilled before and after the laying of the pipes. For reasons related to the characteristics of earth-moving machines and regulations, it is often difficult or impossible to place the pipes at a sufficient depth to benefit from a significant cooling in summer and a significant preheating in winter. In practice, the depth of burial is often less than 2 meters, since the greater depths require to make armored trenches or slatted, which is technically and economically very delicate. French patent application N 0401206 presented by the applicant describes a proposal for the vertical implantation of Canadian wells, using air as the sole vector in compartmentalized tubes; The performances of this type of installation are satisfactory but remain limited by the losses of loads induced by the succession of descending and then ascending routes imposed on the air. The essential modification contained in the present application consists in using water as a primary vector, which makes it possible to overcome the problems of pressure drop on the air and problems of condensation in the lower part of the vertical wells buried. In Canadian wells known to date, the passage of air with a high hygrometry can cause condensation in the buried pipes, which causes significant difficulties in evacuation of water from this condensation. This evacuation is all the more necessary as the passage of air to be introduced into the premises in a humid atmosphere can cause nuisance.

  At these depths less than 2 meters, the difference between the outside air and the earth is significant but relatively low. Under these conditions, a large air flow is required, which poses significant implementation problems and generates a significant energy consumption at the fans. It can also be seen that, since the volume of fresh air to be introduced into the premises is set according to the occupancy rate of these latter, it is practically impossible to vary rapidly the temperature at which the air is introduced. said temperature being directly a function of the state of the soil at the depth of burying of the pipes and the quality of the heat exchanges ground / pipe then pipe / air. Similarly, the preheating or cooling installations by Canadian wells or Provençal wells known in the state of the art do not allow to control the rate of humidity of the air finally introduced into the living quarters which in certain circumstances may be detrimental to perceived comfort.

  To solve these difficulties and obtain optimal performances, allowing in premises located in a temperate climate of the type of that existing in a region such as the island of France, to satisfy the totality of the needs of cooling of the premises in summer period and to most of the heating needs in winter, the invention proposes to use the thermal mass of the soil at medium depths and use on the one hand a liquid as a primary vector and on the other hand air distributed in living quarters as a secondary vector. For this purpose, the invention proposes to make vertical wells, to fill these wells with water which will come mainly from the recovery of rainwater and the condensation of the water vapor contained in the air, from circulating this water in a water / air exchange battery, said exchange battery itself being crossed by air taken from the outside and finally introduced into the premises. The invention also provides for the use of excess water in relation to the filling of the wells, whether it is the water coming from the recovery of the rainwater or that coming from the condensation of the air passing through the water. exchange battery, for moistening the ground periphery of the buried vertical wells, so that the exchange between the ground and the tube containing the primary vector fluid is more efficient.

  In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides for the addition of a second exchange battery, of the air / air battery type, with the aim of improving the thermal balance in the heating season as in the summer season. This battery will indeed, in a known manner, to complete the reheating of the introduced air thanks to the calories contained in the extracted air flow by a device of type controlled mechanical ventilation double flow or equivalent. To prevent this second battery, which would normally have an effect contrary to the desired effect in the summer season, must be disconnected or bypassed outside the heating period and to improve the performance in terms of cooling, the invention proposes to use this second battery as a reverse evaporative exchanger during periods when the premises are to be refreshed. For this purpose, the invention proposes to diffuse, at the level of the secondary compartment of said exchanger, a water mist taken directly in the volume constituted by the open vertical well; this controlled diffusion of water possibly filtered will have the effect of cooling by evaporation one of the faces of the air / air exchanger; this cooling will be communicated to the flow of fresh air passing through the primary compartment of this same exchanger, without any mixing occurring between the air flows passing through the primary and secondary compartments, so that the humidity of the air nine will not be increased compared to that of the outside air.

  The undisclosed experiments carried out by the applicant have shown that the installations according to the invention have an exceptionally effective contribution to the improvement of comfort perceived during the summer period. Indeed, when the air drawn outside has both a high temperature and relative humidity, it is known that the evaporative cooling plants are practically inoperative, the air saturated with moisture is not refreshed by evaporation of water. Conversely, in the installations according to the invention, the first exchanger encountered by the fresh air, namely the water / air exchange battery, acts as a cold wall dehumidifier: in contact with this exchanger, traversed by a water drawn from the lower part of the well, that is to say typically at a temperature of 10 c, a large part of the water contained in the air condenses on the exchanger and then falls by gravity into the well: we obtain thus an air not only cooled but dehumidified. It is this cooled and dehumidified air that is introduced into the living quarters. It is also this same air that is extracted from the premises, by the ventilation devices. Despite moisture inputs possibly due to the occupants' metabolism or any other cause, the extracted air remains at a relative humidity lower than that of the outside air, dehumidified that it is found by its initial passage on the water / air exchange battery. Under these conditions, the evaporation of the water operated at the secondary compartment of the air / air exchanger will have an optimal or almost optimal efficiency in terms of additional cooling conferred on the air drawn outside and introduced into the local after successive passage on the water / air battery and on the secondary stage of the air / air exchanger.

  The optional additional cooling obtained at the second exchanger, by injecting a small amount of water into the secondary compartment of the latter without any mixing with the air passing through the primary compartment will ensure a particularly comfortable humidity in the premises. and this with a particularly low energy consumption.

  It can be seen that the energy and water consumption induced by the installations according to the invention are exceptionally moderate. They are limited, as far as energy is concerned, to one or two circulators and to the fans which are most often those which would have been necessary for a single or double flow controlled mechanical ventilation installation and, as far as energy is concerned, water, to that which comes from the condensation of the treated air as well as the recovery of rainwater coming either from the roof of the only shelter in which are placed the components of the installation or from the roof of the house or the room whose renewal air is prepared by said installation.

  To improve performance, reduce the cost price and facilitate monitoring such as the maintenance of preheating facilities or cooling of premises using the thermal inertia of the soil as a source of calories and frigories, the invention proposes to carry out vertical drilling, placing in these holes a sealed tube in the lower part, filling said tube with a liquid and transferring calories or frigories by means of a pump or a circulator and a water / air exchanger.

  The wall of the vertical tube will preferably be made of conductive material; it will advantageously be constituted by the casing which will be put in place at the time of drilling of the well, the casing will be completed by a sealed plug placed in the lower part of the well and made for example by pouring concrete or resin. The wall of the tube may be provided with fins improving the heat transfer tube / soil. It will transmit the calories or frigories to the liquid contained in the said tube. Preferably, the lower part of the tube, provided with a tight stopper, will be placed at a depth of the order of 6 meters.

  For some achievements, we can choose deeper depths, for example 20 meters. The diameter of the tube will be relatively small compared to its length. For example, it will be chosen to make wells of 20 or 40 cm in diameter. In the case of collective buildings requiring very large volumes of fresh air, it will be possible to choose larger diameters. For these same buildings, it will be necessary to place a plurality of vertical wells, whose axes will be spaced at a distance at least equal to four times their diameter. The water contained in these different wells will be pumped and directed either on a single water / air exchange battery or on a plurality of batteries successively crossed by the fresh air flow.

  The liquid will be pumped by a circulator and directed to a water / air exchanger, for example an automobile or truck radiator or a hot air heating or air conditioning battery. This exchanger will be placed in a box through which a large quantity of air will be forced under the action of a fan, or by natural convection. The air having passed through this box will then be introduced into the living quarters. The water likely to come from the condensation of the air in contact with the exchanger will advantageously be collected to complete the filling of the interior volume of the vertical tube and then to humidify by gravity the ground in the immediate vicinity of the vertical tube and over a large part the length of the latter. The installations according to the invention make it possible to obtain that the air is carried, in contact with the exchanger, at a temperature below its dew point, so that the plants according to the invention may have, in summer period, not only a cooling function but also a function of dehumidification of the air of renewal of the living quarters.

  Air from the box may be directed to the living quarters, through air ducts which may advantageously be partially or completely buried.

  Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent on reading the following of a preferred embodiment of the invention, given for information only, and the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a view of an installation simplified, comprising a single vertical tube and a water / air exchange battery.

  FIG. 2 represents an installation identical to that represented in FIG. 1, supplemented by an air / air heat exchanger fed by the extracted air and provided with an unmixed evaporation device.

  FIG. 3 represents a front view and a side view of an installation identical to that shown in FIG. 2 but comprising three vertical tubes connected to the same water / air exchange battery.

  Figure 1 shows the implementation of the components of an installation according to the invention. Basically, a buried vertical tube (1) with a small diameter opposite its height is used. Advantageously, the wall of the tube (1) will be constituted by the casing, of plastic or metallic material, which will be put in place gradually during and during drilling operations of the well, so as to avoid the slump of the earth in the said well. The tube (1) will be provided at its lower end with a plug (13) which will be made for example by injection of cement, resins or any self-solidifying waterproof material. The vertical tube will be filled with a liquid, preferably water that will be used as the primary fluid vector to transfer calories (or, in summer frigories) from the ground to the premises. Preferably, the upper end of the vertical tube (1) will be located at a depth of about 1 meter below ground level, so that the installation is not sensitive to frost in winter. The water contained in the tube (1) will be drawn into said tube and put into circulation by means of a pump or a simple circulator (2) of low power. This tube will be implanted at sufficient depths to benefit from the thermal inertia of the soil; this depth may be for example between 6 and 10 meters for the lower part of said tube.

  In some cases, for collective buildings in particular, it will be possible to choose greater depths, without exceeding the priming capacity of the pumps used to circulate the water between the interior volume of the buried tube and the water / air exchanger. The water drawn into the tube will be directed to the exchanger of a water / air battery (3), said battery being traversed by a stream of air drawn outside the room and introduced, after passing through this battery in the said local. The passage of air on the exchange battery (3) will have the effect of warming it in winter and cool in summer. In addition, during the summer, this passage will cause dehumidification of the air, the latter meeting the fins of the exchanger, which are carried by the action of the water circulating inside the heat exchanger. a temperature below the dew point. There will therefore be significant condensation at the fins of the battery (3), the water from this condensation will be collected by a receptacle (8), said receptacle flowing into the vertical buried tube. Advantageously, a second receptacle (9) whose contents will also flow into the buried vertical tube (1) will be placed in such a way that it makes it possible to collect the water from the flow of rainwater on the blanket of the small shelter or box (10) in which will be placed and sheltered components of the installation according to the invention. Again, the collected water will be directed to the buried vertical tube, so that the level of the liquid in the tube is still sufficient. The buried vertical tube may be provided with overflow orifices (11), so that the water resulting from the condensation on the battery (3) is spread at the periphery of the wall of the tube (1) so that said tube (1) will be placed in a soil abundantly and constantly humidified, which is favorable to the thermal efficiency of the installation. In an advantageous variant, all or part of the orifices (11) may lead to drains (12) for directing the overflow water to preferential zones near the walls of the tube (1). The air taken outside will be accelerated by a fan (7) and then directed by a pipe (6), channeling preferentially buried towards the interior of the premises whose tempered atmosphere is sought.

  FIG. 2 illustrates the passage of the air prepared by an installation according to the invention through two exchangers, the first of which is a water / air battery (3) and the second an air / air exchanger (20). This air / air exchanger (20) is provided with two sealed compartments, the first compartment being traversed by the flow of air taken outside and having previously passed through the water / air battery (3) and the second compartment being crossed by air extracted from the premises whose indoor environment is tempered by the installation according to the invention. In addition to the beneficial effect in winter of a recovery on double flow, known effect in itself, this second exchanger will complete the cooling conferred to the air in summer; this result will be obtained by injecting a small amount of water into the secondary compartment of the air / air exchanger. This water injection will cause evaporation of this water at the exchanger, evaporation will cause a drop in temperature in the secondary compartment, then by thermal conduction in the primary compartment and without mixing so without humidification of the air flow finally introduced into the premises. The water injector device (23) will be a nozzle fed through a small pump (24) drawing water into the interior of the tube (1). Thus, the water recovered by dehumidification of the air on the battery (3) or by runoff on the cover of the shelter or even the room itself will serve not only to fill the buried vertical tube (1) but also to complete the cooling conferred to the flow of air finally introduced into the room. The water resulting from the condensation at the water / air exchanger (3) and the passage through the secondary compartment of the air / air exchanger (20) will be collected by a receptacle (25) of sufficient size to recover all the water likely to flow in such a way as to direct the excess water (condensed or not evaporated) towards the interior volume of the buried vertical tube. The circuit of the air taken outside will be as follows: taped outside, it is sucked by a fan (7), passes through the air stage of the battery (3) where it can possibly see condensing the water vapor that it contains, passes through the primary compartment of the air / air exchanger (20) and is introduced into the room through a pipe (6) preferably buried. This air is filled and passes through the premises, it is finally extracted by a mechanical ventilation device controlled and reintroduced after passing through a specific pipe (22) at the secondary compartment of the air / air exchanger (20). The passage of this extracted air into the air / air exchanger can be accelerated by a extractor fan (21) before this extracted air is finally rejected externally. FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention more particularly intended for collective buildings, in which a plurality of buried vertical tubes (1) filled with water circulating towards the exchanger of a water / air battery (3) is placed; this water will advantageously be collected by a network of pipes connected to a circulation pump (2) and rejected, after passing through the battery (3) in the interior volumes of the buried vertical tubes.

  The installations according to the invention are intended to modify the temperature of the air introduced into a room. They use on the one hand the thermal inertia of the soil as a source of calories or frigories and on the other hand water as a primary vector and then air as a secondary vector to transmit the calories or frigories extracted from the soil towards said local . To achieve this result with a very low energy consumption and a virtually non-existent consumption, the installations according to the invention comprise II - at least one tube (1) buried vertically whose external wall is in thermal contact with the ground, said tube being watertight at the bottom and filled with water almost all of its height.

  A device (2) for circulating water from the bottom of the tube to a water / air exchange battery (3).

  - Means (7) to circulate air through said water / air exchange battery.

  The means (6) for directing air after passing through said water / air exchange battery (3) to the interior of the room.

  To allow the recovery of water from condensation at the water / air exchange battery (3), this battery will be provided with a device (8) for collecting the condensation water that may form on the fins of said water / air exchange battery (3) and to evacuate these waters inside the volume contained in a buried vertical tube (1).

  Preferably, the installations according to the invention will be placed in a small box or shelter (5) provided with at least one external air intake (4), said box or shelter (5) being placed vertically to the tube buried (1) and containing the water / air exchange battery (3) and the means for circulating the water between the interior volume of the buried vertical tube and said battery, the cover of said box or shelter (5). ) being provided with a rainwater recovery device (9) and means (10) for directing this rainwater towards the interior volume of the buried vertical tube (1).

  In an advantageous embodiment the vertical buried tube (1) will be provided in its upper part with at least one weir (11) through which any overflow of water contained in the sealed volume is directed into the earth immediately surrounding the outer wall of said buried tube (1), so as to improve the thermal contact between the tube and the ground and thus improve the performance and performance of the installation.

  To perfect the cooling performance in the summer, the installation will also include an air / air exchanger (20), placed downstream of the water / air exchange battery (3) with respect to the direction of air flow. , said air / air exchanger (20) having a primary stage and a secondary stage, the two stages being arranged in such a way that no air mixture can occur between the air flows passing through each of these two stages . The primary stage of the exchanger will be crossed by the air flow introduced by the air intakes of the box then directed towards the local while the secondary stage will be crossed by a flow of air extracted from the local and then evacuated to the outside of the box.

  Means will also be provided to diffuse a small amount of water in the form of droplets or fog upstream or at the secondary compartment of the air / air exchanger, so as to cause cooling by evaporation. This water will preferably be removed, for example by means of a self-priming pump (24) at the interior volume of the buried vertical tube (1).

  Advantageously, the air flow introduced into the room will be determined according to the occupancy rate and the use of the premises, while the water flow through the exchanger of the water / air coil will be adjusted. , for example by means of a housing (30) according to the temperature demands necessary for the thermal comfort of the premises. In this way, it will be possible to fine-tune the temperature of the renewal air, regardless of the amount of air introduced, which is not possible with the known installations in the state of the art. The installations according to the invention will comprise means (30) for varying the temperature at which the air is distributed in the premises, these means (30) acting on the flow of water passing through the water exchanger of the battery ( 3). Of course, the present description is given for information only and

  may choose other modes of implantation of tubes and exchangers without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

  -1- Installation intended to change the temperature of the air introduced into a room, characterized in that it uses, on the one hand, the thermal inertia of the soil as a source of calories or frigories and, on the other hand, water as a primary vector and then air as a secondary vector for transmitting calories or frigories extracted from the soil to said premises.   - 2- Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: - at least one tube (1) buried vertically whose outer wall is in lo thermal contact with the ground, said tube being sealed at the bottom and filled almost all of its height.   - A device (2) for circulating water from the bottom of the tube to a water / air exchange battery (3).   The means (7) for circulating air through said water / air exchange battery.   The means (6) for directing air after passing through said water / air exchange battery (3) towards the interior of the room.   - 3- Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the water / air exchange battery (3) is provided with a device (8) for collecting the condensation water may form on the fins of the said water / air exchange battery (3) and to evacuate these waters inside the volume contained in a buried vertical tube (1).   -4- Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises a small box (5) provided with at least one external air intake (4), said box (5) being placed vertically tube buried (1) and containing the water / air exchange battery (3) and the means for circulating the water between the interior volume of the buried vertical tube and said battery, the cover of said box (5) being provided with a rainwater recovery device (9) and means (10) for directing this rain water towards the interior volume of the buried vertical tube (1).   -5- Installation according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the vertical buried tube (1) is provided in its upper part with at least one weir (11) by which the possible overflow of water contained in the volume sealing is directed into the earth immediately surrounding the outer wall of said buried tube (1) -6- installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises an air / air exchanger (20), placed downstream of the water / air exchange battery (3) with respect to the direction of air circulation, said air / air exchanger (20) comprising a primary stage and a secondary stage, the two stages being arranged in such a way that no Air mixture can not occur between the air flows passing through each of these two floors.   -7- Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the primary stage of the exchanger (20) is traversed by the air flow introduced by the air intakes of the box and then directed to the local while the secondary stage is crossed by a flow of air extracted from the room and then discharged to the outside of the box (5).   -8- Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises the means (23) of diffusing a small amount of water in the form of droplets or mist upstream or at the secondary compartment of the exchanger air / air (20).   -9- Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that the water diffused upstream or at the secondary compartment of the air / air heat exchanger is taken from the interior volume of the buried vertical tube (1).   -10- Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (30) for varying the temperature at which the air is distributed in the premises, these means (30) acting on the flow of water passing through the water exchanger of the battery (3).