FR2871059A1 - New artificial composition of lacrymal fluid type useful: for preparing a cosmetic or therapeutic composition (for washing eyes); and as a substituent of tears - Google Patents

Abstract

Artificial composition (I) of lacrymal fluid type presenting an osmolality of 250-350 mOsm/l, a pH of 6.9-7.7, a surface tension of 39-49 mN/m and an apparent viscosity of 25-40 mPa.s is new. An independent claim is also included for a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition (II) comprising (I).

Description

The present invention relates to an artificial composition of fluid type

  lacrimal, and the use of such a composition for the preparation of cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.

  Tears or tear fluid are produced by the lachrymal gland and perform several functions.

  They maintain the humidification and protect the eyeball against desiccation. They mechanically protect the cornea and conjunctiva against changes in temperature, wind, chemicals, dust and various small foreign bodies. They exert an immune protection. They have a cleaning role especially by the mucus they understand, which traps small foreign bodies and allows their elimination. Thus, a reflex secretion is brought into play during any phenomenon of aggression of the eyeball to dilute and drain aggressive substances or particles to the nasolacrimal duct. Tears also have a metabolic role and in particular nutrition vis-à-vis the cornea which is avascularized. They also have a very important optical role in polishing the surface of the cornea, and also have a lubricating role and thus promote the sliding of the eyelids on the cornea.

  In general, tears or tear fluid contain about 98% water.

  This aqueous phase of the lachrymal fluid essentially comprises: - oxygen and carbon dioxide, electrolytes such as Na +, Cal +, K +, Cr, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and phosphate (PO43-) ions, - organic compounds such as ammonia, glucose, pyruvate, lactate, vitamin C, vitamin B12, retinol, amino acids, cholesterol, proteins such as lysozyme, immunoglobulin type E, lactoferin, various enzymes of the energy metabolism such as pyruvate kinase and malate dehydrogenase, transaminases, amylases, lysosomal enzymes, phosphatases, peroxidases and plasminogen activators, metabolites and hormones.

  As can be seen from the discussion above, the tear fluid has a very complex chemical composition. An identical reproduction of this chemical composition in order to propose a substitution composition for this natural fluid therefore appears extremely difficult, if not impossible, especially since it contains enzymes with an extremely long life. short.

  The physiological lacrimal fluid may also be characterized by means of a number of physico-chemical parameters such as its refractive index, its pH of the order of 7, its surface tension, its osmolarity and its viscosity. about 30 mPa.s.

  These physico-chemical criteria have a physiological reality and have an important role in the integrity of the tear film and in the feeling of comfort or discomfort felt by a person whose eye is put in the presence of such a fluid.

  For example, a viscosity greater than 40 mPa.s if it is not irritating, is however not satisfactory since the preparation then poses problems of spreading with formation of a veil in front of the eye, detrimental to vision . Too high a viscosity also poses drainage problems.

  Accordingly, a tear fluid substitution composition should as far as possible reproduce the physico-chemical characteristics of the natural tears.

  However, the natural tear substitution compositions already available have precisely the drawback of reproducing only in part these physicochemical parameters. They essentially have only a pH similar to that of physiological tear fluid.

  The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an artificial composition whose physiological behavior is as close as possible to the natural tear fluid.

  According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to an artificial composition of the tear fluid type having: (i) an osmolarity of 250 to 350 mOsm / l, (ii) a pH of 6.9 to 7.7, (iii) a tension surface area of 39 to 49 mN / m, and (iv) an apparent viscosity of 25 to 40 mPa.s.

  Advantageously, instillation into the eye of such a composition does not irritate the eye, does not affect the vision of the user and spreads satisfactorily.

  In particular, the present invention relates to an artificial composition of the tear fluid type comprising from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition and at least one nonionic surfactant chosen from: oxyethylenated ethers and / or oxypropylenes of glycerol; oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated ethers of fatty alcohols; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol; fatty acid esters and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated glycerol ethers; fatty acid esters and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated sorbitol ethers; dimethicone copolyol; dimethicone copolyol benzoate; copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide; and mixtures thereof, said surfactant being in sufficient quantity to adjust the surface tension of said composition to a value ranging from 39 to 49 mN / m.

  More particularly, the present invention relates to an artificial composition of the lachrymal fluid type, characterized in that it comprises from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition in combination with at least one nonionic surfactant. ionic agent and at least one thickening agent chosen from: homo- or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide, polyacrylic acid / alkyl acrylate copolymers polyacrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid (or AMPS), AMPS / acrylamide copolymers, polyoxyethylenated AMPS / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, cellulose polymers, and vinyl polymers, said surfactant and thickener being in an amount sufficient to adjust the surface tension of said composition to a value ranging from 39 to 49 mN / m.

  In particular, the present invention relates to an artificial composition of the lachrymal fluid type, comprising at least a) from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition, b) from 1.5 to 2 , 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a copolymer of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, and c) from 0.2 to 1, 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a polymer of cellulose, the amounts in b) and c) being adjusted to impart to said composition a surface tension of 39 to 49 mN / m and / or a viscosity of 25 to 40 mPa.s.

  According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a lachrymal fluid type composition as defined above for the preparation of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.

  According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one composition as defined above.

  Chemical Composition In general, the composition according to the invention comprises only ingredients compatible with ocular use. By the term compatible with ocular use is meant ingredients which can be applied to the surface of the eye or on the inner or outer surfaces of the eyelids.

  The compositions according to the invention are therefore free from compounds that may be irritating. Thus, they are generally free of solid particles having a size greater than 20 m.

  According to a particular embodiment, the compositions of the invention are devoid of preservatives.

  Advantageously, the compositions according to the invention may be free of constituents having an extremely short life time. According to a particular embodiment of the compositions according to the invention, they are free of pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, transaminases and / or amylase, and more generally enzymes.

  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition is in the form of an aqueous solution.

  Surfactants The presence of surfactant is particularly critical for adjusting the surface tension of the composition according to the invention to a surface tension compatible with ocular administration.

  Advantageously, the compositions according to the invention have a surface tension ranging from 39 to 49 and in particular from 40 to 46.5 mN / m.

  The surface tension represents the energy required to generate the surface between two immiscible different media, for example a liquid and a gas or two immiscible liquids.

  Measurements of the surface tension can be obtained in different ways. The values expressed are obtained by the so-called Noüy ring method on a KRÜSS K10 tensorometer from KRÜSS as described in particular in the technical documentation incorporated herein by reference A review of Instruments for Static and Dynamic Surface and Interfacial Tension Measurement , BG Krüss, with the usual precautions. The measurements are carried out at 25 ° C. and are repeated three times.

  This method consists of measuring the force exerted by the interface and opposing the extraction of this interface from an object which is in this case a platinum ring of known exact dimensions.

  The tension surface 6 is then calculated using the relation: 6 = F max Fv L.cos0 where 0 is the contact angle, L is the wet length, F is the force and FV = gV (pL- pA), where g is the acceleration due to gravitation and pL and pA are the densities of the liquid and gaseous phases.

  The surfactant or mixture of surfactants is in particular chosen from anionic and nonionic surfactants, and more particularly from nonionic surfactants, in particular those having an HLB of greater than or equal to 8.

  Representative and nonlimiting nonionic surfactants of HLB greater than or equal to 8 to 25 C may be used alone or in a mixture in the compositions according to the invention include: - ethers oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylene (may contain from 1 to 150 oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene groups) of glycerol; oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated ethers (which may contain from 1 to 150 oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated groups) of fatty alcohols (in particular of C8-C24 and in particular C12-C18 alcohols) such as oxyethylenated ether; oxyethylenated cetearyl alcohol (CTFA name "Ceteareth-30") and the oxyethylenated ether of the mixture of C12-C15 fatty alcohols containing 7 oxyethylenated groups (CTFA name C12-15 Pareth-7 sold under the name Neodol 25-7 by Shell Chemicals); fatty acid esters (in particular C8-C24 acid, and in particular C16-C22 acid) and polyethylene glycol (which may comprise from 1 to 150 ethylene glycol units), such as PEG-50 stearate and PEG-40 monostearate sold under the name Myrj 52P by the company ICI UNIQUEMA; fatty acid esters (in particular of C 8 -C 24, and in particular C 16 -C 22) and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated glycerol ethers (which may contain from 1 to 150 oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylene groups), as the PEG-200 glyceryl monostearate sold under the name Simulsol 220 TM by the company SEPPIC; polyethoxylated glyceryl stearate with 30 ethylene oxide groups, such as the Tagat S product sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT, polyethoxylated glyceryl oleate with 30 ethylene oxide groups, such as the product Tagat O sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT glycerol cocoate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, such as the product Varionic LI 13 sold by the company Sherex, the glyceryl isostearate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, such as the product Tagat L sold by the company GOLDSCHMIDT company and glycerol laurate polyethoxylated with 30 ethylene oxide groups, such as the product Tagat I from GOLDSCHMIDT; fatty acid esters (in particular of C 8 -C 24, and in particular C 16 -C 22) and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated sorbitol ethers (which can contain from 1 to 150 oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylene groups), as the polysorbate 60 sold under the name Tween 60 by the company Uniquema; dimethicone copolyol, such as that sold under the name Q2-5220 by the company Dow Corning; dimethicone copolyol benzoate (Finsolv SLB 101 and 201 from the company FINTEX); copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, also called EO / PO polycondensates; - and their mixtures.

  Among these nonionic surfactants, the EO / PO polycondensates are particularly suitable.

  The EO / PO polycondensates are more particularly copolymers consisting of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol blocks, such as, for example, polyethylene glycol / polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol triblock polycondensates. These triblock polycondensates have, for example, the following chemical structure: H- (O-CH 2 -CH 2) (O-CH (CH 3) CH 2) b- (O-CH 2 -CH 2) OH, in which a is an integer ranging from 2 at 120, and b is an integer from 1 to 100.

  The polycondensate OE / OP has in particular a weight average molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 15000, and more particularly ranging from 2000 to 13000. Advantageously, said EO / PO polycondensate has a cloud temperature, at 10 g / 1 in distilled water. , upper or equal to 20 C, preferably greater than or equal to 60 C. The cloud temperature is measured according to ISO 1065. As polycondensate OE / OP used according to the invention, there may be mentioned polyethylene triblock polycondensates polyethylene glycol / polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol sold under the names Synperonic such as Synperonic PE / L44 and Synperonic PE / F 127 by ICI, and mixtures thereof.

  As an illustration of the oxyethylene / oxypropylene copolymers that can be used in the compositions according to the invention, mention may be made, for example, of Synperonic PE / F68 (Inci name = Poloxamer 188) from the company ICI.

  For obvious reasons, the content of surfactants in the compositions according to the invention depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the surfactant under consideration. Those skilled in the art can by simple routine experiments determine the appropriate concentration according to the surfactant used.

  By way of illustration, when the surfactant is an oxyethylenated / oxypropylene copolymer as mentioned above, its content in the composition is generally 1.8 to 2.2 g / l and in particular 1.9 to 2.1 g / l. .

  Thickener The compositions according to the invention generally comprise at least one thickener. The thickener is intended to adjust the viscosity of the solution to that of the physiological tear fluid.

  As thickening agent that may be used in the compositions according to the invention, mention may be made of: homo- or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid or their salts and esters and in particular the products sold under the names Versicol F or Versicol K by the company ALLIED COLLOID, Ultrahold 8 by the company CIBA-GEIGY, polyacrylic acids of the Synthalen K type, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide sold in the form of their sodium salt under the names Reten by the company HERCULES, the sodium polymethacrylate sold under the name Darvan N 7 by the company Vanderbilt, the sodium salts of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids sold under the name Hydagen F by Henkel, the polyacrylic acid / alkyl acrylate copolymers Pemulen type - AMPS (Polyacrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid partially neutralized with ammonia and highly ticulate) marketed by the company CLARIANT, the AMPS / acrylamide copolymers of the Sepigel or Simulgel type marketed by the company SEPPIC, and the polyoxyethylenated (cross-linked or non-crosslinked) amps / alkyl methacrylate copolymers of the Aristoflex HMS type marketed by the company. CLARIANT and their mixtures.

  As other examples of thickening agents that can be used in the compositions according to the invention, mention may be made of: proteins, such as proteins of vegetable origin, such as wheat or soy proteins; proteins of animal origin such as keratins, for example keratin hydrolysates and keratin sulfonates; anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic chitin or chitosan polymers; cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as the quaternized derivatives of cellulose; vinyl polymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidones, copolymers of methylvinyl ether and of malic anhydride, the copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of vinyl acetate; copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and caprolactam; polyvinyl alcohol; polymers of natural origin, possibly modified, such as: arabic gums, guar gum, xanthan derivatives, karaya gum; alginates and carrageenans; glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives; deoxyribonucleic acid; muccopolysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphates, and mixtures thereof.

  Advantageously, the thickeners used in the compositions according to the invention are chosen from cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as the quaternized derivatives of the cellulose.

  In the present invention, the thickening agents are generally used under conditions in which they are shear thinners.

  The amount of thickening agent is generally adjusted so as to obtain an apparent viscosity as defined above, namely from 25 to 40 mPa · s.

  Advantageously, the compositions according to the invention have an apparent viscosity in the range from 26 to 35 mPa.s and in particular from 28 to 32 mPa.s.

  The apparent viscosity is measured using a Haake RS 75 imposed stress rheometer from the company ThermoRheo equipped with a DG41 double-gap cylindrical geometry (adapted for a very fluid solution). The measurements are made at 32 C and are repeated three times.

  More precisely, the measurements are made in Contro lied strain mode: a shear rate of 200s -1 is applied to the sample for 10 minutes. The value of the corresponding viscosity is then noted, that is to say after 10 minutes of shearing.

  The compositions according to the invention generally comprise from 0.1 to 5%, and in particular from 0.3 to 0.9%, and more particularly from 0.4 to 0.6% by weight relative to the total weight of the thickening agent composition.

  Electrolytes The composition according to the invention generally comprises electrolytes and in particular positively charged electrolytes called cations and negatively charged electrolytes called anions.

  The quantity of electrolytes is generally adjusted so as to obtain a pH compatible with ocular administration, that is to say ranging from 6.9 to 7.7, especially from 7.2 to 7.6, and in particular from 7.3 to 7.5.

  This quantity of electrolytes is also decisive for the adjustment of the osmolarity of the compositions according to the invention.

  As indicated above, the osmolarity of the composition is generally 250 to 350 mOsm / l.

  According to a particular embodiment, the osmolarity of the composition is 294 to 314 mOsm / l.

  The osmolarity measurements are carried out using a VAPOR PRESSURE OSMOMETER 5520 osmometer from Westor.

  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises from 1 to 4.5%, and in particular from 1 to 2.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition.

  As anions which can be used in the present invention, Cr, HCO3-, H2PO4 and mixtures thereof can be cited. The anions are in particular chosen from chloride, bicarbonate and phosphate ions and their mixtures.

  As cations that can be used in the compositions according to the invention, mention may be made of Na +, K +, Cal + and their mixtures. The cations are in particular chosen from sodium and potassium ions and their mixtures.

  According to a particular embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises at least chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sodium and potassium ions. In particular, the composition according to the invention comprises: from 120 to 140, and in particular from 125 to 135 mmol / l of Cr, from 25 to 28 mmol / l of bicarbonate, from 7.5 to 10 mmol / l of phosphate , from 18 to 40, and in particular from 19 to 30 mmol / l of K +, and from 120 to 180, and in particular from 130 to 170 mmol / l of Na +.

  Such an electrolytic combination may in particular be obtained by adding, during the preparation of the composition, the following salts: NaHCO 3, KH 2 PO 4, NaCl and KCl in appropriate quantities, optionally supplemented by the addition of NaOH.

  Preparation process The compositions according to the invention can be prepared by successive additions of each raw material with gentle stirring.

  The composition is then heated to a temperature of about 50 C until the salts are dissolved. Then, the composition is generally placed at 4 C for 24 hours.

  Use The compositions according to the invention can be used as such as a substitute for tears. They can also be used as a test tool for their ability to mimic natural tears. This may be for example a test carried out in order to study the behavior of cosmetic compositions, for example mascaras, vis-à-vis contact with tears.

  According to another embodiment, the compositions according to the invention can be used for the preparation of cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions. Thus, the subject of the present invention is also cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one artificial composition of the lachrymal liquid type as defined above.

  As cosmetic compositions in accordance with the invention, mention may in particular be made of eyelash makeup compositions, in particular of the mascara type, in the form of a wax-in-water emulsion, in which the aqueous phase is at least partially replaced by the artificial composition of the lacrimal liquid type according to the invention. In such a case, the artificial composition of the lacrimal fluid type is generally present in a content of 20 to 80%, and in particular of 40 to 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.

  Mention may also be made of eyelash makeup compositions, especially mascaras, so-called waterproof comprising an aqueous phase in a content of at most 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, the aqueous phase being at least partially replaced by the artificial composition of lacrimal liquid type according to the invention.

  The artificial compositions of the lachrymal liquid type as defined above can also be used as makeup removing compositions for the eyes or as a base for the preparation of make-up removing compositions for the eyes.

  As pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention, there may be mentioned, for example, compositions for washing the eyes. The invention therefore also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for washing the eyes.

  The lacrimal fluid type artificial composition according to the present invention is preferably prepared just prior to use to avoid the problem of preservation. The storage is also preferably limited to 48 hours at 4 C.

  The examples presented below are intended to illustrate the invention but do not have any limiting nature thereof.

  Example 1 Artificial Composition of Lachrymal Fluid Type An artificial lacrimal fluid type composition is prepared by successive additions of the following ingredients, in the amounts mentioned.

  KCl 0.09 g KH 2 PO 4 0.11 g NaHCO 3 0.227 g NaCl 0.63 g Oxyethylene / oxypropylene copolymer sold under the name Synperonic PE / F68 by the company ICI. 2 g Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.45 g Demineralized water qs 100 g The electrolytic composition of the composition obtained was analyzed. The results are shown in the following Table I.

CONCENTRATION

  Na + 148.5 mmol / l K + 20.152 mmol / 1 Cl 133.57 mmol / 1 Bicarbonate 27 mmol / l Phosphate 8.082 mmol / l

Table I

  The physico-chemical characteristics of this composition have been studied according to the methods described above.

  The results obtained are shown in Table II below:

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

  pH 7.3 Osmolarity (mOsm / l) 300 Surface tension (mN / m) 44.2 Viscosity (mPa $) 32

Table II

  EXAMPLE 2 Artificial Composition of Lachrymal Fluid Type Under the same conditions as set forth in Example 1, the following composition was prepared: KCl 0.09 g KH 2 PO 4 0.11 g NaHCO 3 0.227 g NaCl 0.63 g Oxygen Copolymer oxypropylene marketed under 2.00 g the name of Synperonic PE / F68 by the company ICI.

  Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.45 g NaOH, 0.1 N 3.00 g resultant. Demineralized water qsq 100 g The physicochemical characteristics of the composition were analyzed. The results are shown in the following Table III: pH 7.5 Osmolarity (mOsm / l) 300 Surface tension (mN / m) 39.7 Viscosity (mPa. $) 28-32

Table III

  Example 3: White emulsion-type eyelid care base Fat phase: The fatty phase of the composition was prepared by mixing the following compounds (the values are expressed in percentage by weight relative to the final composition): carnauba wax 6% Beeswax 10% Rice bran wax 6% Sweet almond oil 7% Glyceryl mono-stearate 300E 3.5% The aqueous phase consists of the composition of Example 2.

  The skincare base is prepared by a conventional phase inversion method.

  EXAMPLE 4 Cream Mascara The fatty phase of the composition was prepared by mixing the following ingredients (the values are expressed in weight percentage relative to the final composition): Carnauba wax 10% Beeswax 10% Sound wax of rice 6% Overseas blue 4% Black iron oxide 3% Glyceryl mono-stearate 300E 3.5% The aqueous phase of the composition consists of the composition of

Example 2

  Mascara is prepared by the classical method of phase inversion.

Claims (23)

  1. Artificial composition of lacrimal fluid type, characterized in that it has: (i) an osmolarity of 250 to 350 mOsm / l, (ii) a pH of 6.9 to 7.7, (iii) a tension of surface area of 39 to 49 mN / m, and (iv) an apparent viscosity of 25 to 40 mPa.s.   2. Artificial fluid type composition, characterized in that it comprises 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition and at least one nonionic surfactant chosen from: - ethers oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated glycerol; oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated ethers of fatty alcohols; fatty acid esters of polyethylene glycol; fatty acid esters and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylenated glycerol ethers; fatty acid esters and oxyethylenated and / or oxypropylene sorbitol ethers; dimethicone copolyol; dimethicone copolyol benzoate; copolymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide; and mixtures thereof, said surfactant being in sufficient quantity to adjust the surface tension of said composition to a value ranging from 39 to 49 mN / m.   3. Artificial composition of lacrimal fluid type, characterized in that it comprises from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition in combination with at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one agent thickener chosen from: - homo- or copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide, polyacrylic acid / alkyl acrylate copolymers, polyacrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, - AMPS copolymers / acrylamide, polyoxyethylenated amps / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, cellulose polymers, and vinyl polymers, said surfactant and thickening agent being in an amount sufficient to adjust the surface tension of said composition to a value ranging from 39 to 49 mN. / m.   4. Artificial composition of tear fluid type, characterized in that it comprises at least: a) from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition, b) from 1.5 to 2.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a copolymer polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, c) 0.2 to 1.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of a polymer of cellulose, the amounts in b) and c) being adjusted to impart to said composition a surface tension of 39 to 49 mN / m and / or a viscosity of 25 to 40 mPa.s.   5. Composition according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that it contains at least one surfactant as defined in claim 2.   6. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains at least one thickening agent as defined in claim 3.   7. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains a thickening agent chosen from: - proteins of plant or animal origin, - anionic, cationic, amphoteric or non-amphoteric chitin or chitosan polymers ionic, and - optionally modified polymers of natural origin chosen from gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan derivatives, karaya gum, alginates and carrageenans, glycoaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, deoxyribonucleic acid and mucopolysaccharides.   8. Composition according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that said surfactant is a polyethylene glycol copolymer and polypropylene glycol corresponding to the general formula H- (O-CH2CH2) a (O-CH (CH3) -CH2 b- (O-CH 2 -CH 2) a OH, wherein a is an integer from 2 to 120, and b is an integer from 1 to 100.   9. Composition according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that said thickening agent is a cellulose polymer and in particular hydroxyethylcellulose.   10.Composition according to any one of claims 3 and 5 to 9, characterized in that said thickening agent is present in a proportion of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the composition.   11. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises from 1 to 4.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrolyte composition.   12. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the electrolytes comprise anionic electrolytes selected from HCO3, H2PO4, Cr and mixtures thereof.   13. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the electrolytes comprise cationic electrolytes selected from Na +, K +, Cal + and mixtures thereof.   14. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has a pH of between 7.2 and 7.6.   15. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it has an osmolarity of 294 to 314 mOsm / l.   16. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it has an apparent viscosity of 26 to 35 mPa. s and in particular from 28 to 32 mPa.s.   17. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it is in the form of an aqueous solution.   18. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 for preparing a cosmetic or therapeutic composition.   19. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 for the preparation of a therapeutic composition for washing the eyes.   20. Cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition, characterized in that it comprises at least one composition as defined according to any one of claims 1 to 17.   21. Composition according to claim 20, characterized in that it is in the form of a makeup composition of the emulsion-type eyelashes of a wax in an aqueous phase.   22. Composition according to claim 21, characterized in that the content of composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, varies from 20 to 80% by weight relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.   23. Composition according to claim 20, characterized in that it is in the form of an eyelash makeup composition in which the total content of the aqueous phase does not represent more than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.