FR2862565A1 - Notebook binding press, has free edges of joints extending horizontally by upper part and lower part of chassis in respective standing positions of leg assemblies, for permitting free access to part of quire set - Google Patents

Abstract

The press has a chassis with a pair of opposite leg assemblies (3, 7) fixed on a table. The assemblies are arranged selectively on two different standing positions. Free edges of joints (1, 2) extend horizontally by upper part and lower part of the chassis in respective standing positions, for permitting free access to part of quire set. A set square ruler (6) extends perpendicularly to locking surfaces of the joints. Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a method of sawing in the binding of set of notebooks (b) a method of binding of set of notebooks.

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for

  carrying out book binding or restoration of books.

  The apparatus according to the invention is intended for the realization of the binding operations, the main ones of which are the following, presented according to the chronological order of execution: 1. operation of swamping; 2. operation of endorsement; 3. finishing operation of the rounding of the back of a free and collage of the muslin; 4. Trimming operation, that is, cutting one or more slices of the free; The apparatus can also be used for other operations: 5. the cutting of the cardboard plates of the book with dimensional and geometric controls (perpendicularity and parallelism of the slices between them); 6. deburring notebooks under the same conditions as for book dishes; 7. as slice press; 8. as gilding press: For all operations requiring maintenance of the book, for example: 9. sanding the book's head edge; 10. sanding the back of the book.

  11. It can also be used as a lightweight press with one or two aisles.

  A board is a thin board, made of wood or cardboard, with two flat faces.

  The apparatus according to the invention comprises a main part called "portable binding press" on which are fixed other devices or devices specific to different binding operations. The specific devices or devices are essentially a device for lever backing and a mechanical trimming device.

  Variations of these devices are intended more particularly for the professionals of the traditional binding already equipped with the traditional equipment, to facilitate certain operations of binding such as the swarming, the finishing of the back of the books and the collage of the muslin, the trimming, and the 'endossure.

  The apparatus according to the invention is also intended for amateur binders, and appreciable in particular by its versatility, its small size, and its low weight. Indeed, a prototype made has a mass of about 5 kg only, and can be stored in a suitcase of dimensions expressed in meters 0.460 x 0.400 x 0.290 m, which makes the device according to the invention easily transportable. It is used either placed on a table, without additional accessory, or fixed on a flange, preferably a table by a clamp, for example a clamp.

  The binding device of the invention is of the "portable" type, which means that it is lightweight, easy to transport and handle by a single person, as opposed to traditional heavy equipment and intended to be permanently settled in a given place.

  It is particularly intended for the execution, easy and good quality, of the operation of swamping.

  According to preferred embodiments, however, it has a versatile character, allowing, thanks to the addition of accessories, the execution of other binding operations and, in particular the endorsement (or "backing") and / or the trimming.

  This apparatus comprises a frame provided with a pair of jaws with flat and parallel gripping surfaces, movable relative to each other, so as to be spaced apart or spaced from one another.

  According to the invention, this frame, on the one hand, comprises a pair of opposite legs so arranged that it can be placed and / or fixed on a flat and horizontal support, such as a table, selectively in one or the other of two different upright positions, offset by 180 angularly relative to each other, in each of which the clamping faces of the jaws are inscribed in vertical planes, namely a first position, called "erect", wherein the free edges of the jaws extend horizontally in the upper part of the frame, allowing free access to the edge of a set of notebooks which is contained between these jaws, and a second position, called "returned" in which the free edges of the jaws extend horizontally at the bottom of the frame, at a given distance and of low value from said plane and horizontal support, and, secondly, it is provided with a cleat, such that 'a ruleequerre, whose positioning is preferably adjustable, extending perpendicular to the clamping faces of the jaws, near their free edge.

  The method of swamping a set of notebooks to be connected by means of an apparatus as described above is also part of the present invention.

  This method is characterized by the following steps: - the chassis is placed in the inverted position on a flat and horizontal support, such as a table, the clamping faces of its jaws being spaced apart from each other by a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the set of notebooks; the set of notebooks is placed between the jaws in such a way that their backs bear under the effect of their own weight against said flat and horizontal support; the notebooks are moved horizontally parallel to the gripping faces of the jaws so as to bring them into abutment, by one of their vertical edges, against said cleat; - the jaws are brought closer to one another so as to tighten all the notebooks and hold them firmly while leaving their backs visible; the chassis is turned over and placed in the upright position on the plane and horizontal support; - The back of the set is swept with a saw.

  Preferably, the apparatus comprises a pair of threaded rods which extend perpendicularly to the clamping faces of the jaws and are adapted to ensure both the mutual guiding of the jaws and their clamping, this by means of maneuvering nuts with whom they are engaged.

  Advantageously, this apparatus, on the one hand, is capable of being equipped with an endorsing device comprising a pressure mallet, adapted to be positioned against the backs of the notebooks and strongly applied against the latter, by lateral tilting and with a variable angle, and, secondly, the frame comprises a pair of horizontal rods parallel to the clamping faces of the jaws and extending outwardly relative thereto, at the base of said frame when it occupies its position erected, the pressure mallet being integral with a pair of transverse sleeves which are each connected, by a strap of variable effective length, to one of said rods, by a ring axially slidable along the rod.

  The method of endorsing a set of notebooks intended to be connected by means of such an apparatus, which is also part of the present invention, is remarkable in that it acts as follows: - the frame is placed in position erected on the plane and horizontal support; maintaining the set of notebooks clamped between said jaws in such a way that their backs are visible and horizontal, facing upward, slightly protruding, from a certain height, with respect to the upper free edges of the jaws; the said pressure mallet is positioned against the backs of the notebooks and is strongly applied against the latter from the top to the bottom, by lateral tilting and with a variable angle, by rolling it on the backs of the notebooks, on each side of the plane. of vertical symmetry of the assembly, to give the crown a convex arcuate shape, the pressing force on one side of this vertical plane of symmetry being compensated by the tensioning of the strap located on the other side; - The operation is repeated progressively throughout the endossure.

  According to other advantageous, but not limitative, advantageous features of the apparatus: the variation of the useful length of a strap, mentioned above, is obtained by winding or unwinding it on the handle to which it is connected; the apparatus is equipped with a pair of removable jaws which can be fixed against the inner faces of the jaws, each jaw consisting of a plate whose upper portion constitutes a rim which forms an acute angle with respect to the remainder of the plate , and is directed inwards, which has the effect of concentrating the clamping force at the jaws, and predisposes to the formation of the backing; said pressure mallet has several distinct working faces, of different width and / or roughness, that can be used selectively; - The frame is equipped with a horizontal shelf, removable or retractable, adjustable in height, which can serve as a support for the lower edge of the set of binders, or the book being made, when, the chassis occupying its upright position, it is positioned between the jaws, which makes it possible to determine the overtaking value of the opposite (upper) edge of the set of binders, or of the work, with respect to the edges upper free of the jaws; - The frame is provided with a pair of graduated rulers that control the horizontality of said tablet and measure the position in the vertical direction.

  the chassis is equipped with a retractable stand, enabling it to be supported on a flat and horizontal support in an inclined position such that the planes containing the gripping surfaces of the jaws form an angle with respect to a vertical plane; - The apparatus is capable of being equipped with a trimming device comprising a cutting tool carried by a first slide, called "tool holder", the frame being provided for this purpose with a longitudinal and horizontal guide rod which extends, when said frame is in upright position, parallel and near the upper free edge of one of the jaws, outwardly relative thereto, the tool slide being secured to a second slide, called "shuttle", which can slide freely axially on the longitudinal guide rod, in one direction or the other, and can rotate around this rod, so as to allow the temporary lifting of the tool slide; - The toolholder slider overhangs the free upper edge of the jaw opposite to that along said longitudinal guide rod, and that the toolholder slide is connected to the shuttle slider by transverse guide rods, perpendicular to said guide rod longitudinal, fine adjustment means such as a screw-nut system for varying, for the execution of successive cutting passes, the relative spacing of the two sliders; these transverse guide rods extend beyond the toolholder slide by an overhang portion which carries a support whose base is provided with a sliding pad adapted to bear against a longitudinal and horizontal slideway integral with the frame, and to move along the latter during the operation; said overflow portion carries at least one handle allowing the operator to firmly apply the sliding pad against the longitudinal slide during the operation; the cutting tool consists of a blade with a sharp edge which is mounted on the tool-carrying slide such that its plane forms an acute angle a, the value of which is a few degrees, with respect to the horizontal, and whose inclination is directed downwards towards its sharp edge; the apparatus comprises means for automatically raising the cutting tool in the direction of the return, during its longitudinal movement back and forth, the trimming being done only in the forward direction.

  A comparison of the capabilities of the apparatus according to the invention with respect to the traditional material, wood, commercially available, and intended to perform the same binding operations mentioned above, in points 1. to 10., is presented ci below, in the following order: 1. Presentation of traditional equipment - methods of performing each of the aforementioned operations with said traditional equipment; definition of the operations and conditions to be met in order to obtain the required quality work; - highlighting the difficulties of carrying out these operations, as well as defects related to these methods of execution with this traditional equipment; II. Presentation of the versatile device according to the invention, binding press with devices or devices specific to each binding operation, as and when the description of the execution methods for these same operations.

  III. Presentation of the device in its use for binding operations mentioned from 6 to 10 and for which it often takes a specific traditional equipment for each of these operations, such as shears, slice press, gilding press. These devices are not described in this presentation.

  1. PRESENTATION OF TRADITIONAL EQUIPMENT, AND BINDING OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT WITH THIS EQUIPMENT 1. Description of the traditional binding press A typical example of such a press is shown in FIG. 1, plate 1/7. A traditional press consists of two wooden binoculars A and B. The binocular A moves transversely on the guides G, moved by the screw V. The crossbar C is fixed and guides the nut of the screw V. This press is based on a wooden support And also called established. The press-set assembly can achieve a footprint, expressed in meters, of 0.800 x 0.700 x 0.600, and weigh from 25 kg to 50 kg.

  This traditional press can be used in a horizontal position, see Figure 1, or vertical, standing on the binocular A, depending on the binding operations to be performed.

  For the donning operation, Fe fittings may be attached to each of the binoculars A and B (Fig. 3), or iron rails are used.

  The trimming operation using the traditional trimming drum is illustrated in Figure 1, plate 1/7.

  The traditional trimming drum consists of two wooden cheeks a and b (Figures 1 and 2a). The cheek b moves transversely, in a movement MP, guided by the two wooden rods g, moved by the wooden screw v. The cheek moves longitudinally, in a cutting movement MC, guided on the upper face of the binocular A by a tongue of the cheek sliding in a groove of the binocular A; this groove and tongue system is marked Rn in Figure 1. The cheek b carries the tool to trim CO, as shown in Figure 2a. Various forms of trimming tools are shown in Figure 2c.

  2. Description of Binding Operations with Traditional Equipment a) Swamping Method: The swamping operation is illustrated in Figure 4a Plate 1/7.

  Grecage consists in making small grooves Gr with a saw on the back Do of the collected notebooks, in order to accommodate the sewing strings. In order to obtain a satisfactory result, the backs of the notebooks must be aligned in a plane perpendicular to the flat of the notebooks, that is to say the surface S. Similarly, the heads Te of the notebooks must be aligned in a perpendicular plane on the surface S. The notebooks must be effectively tightened under these conditions in order to carry out these gragings Gr (see Figure 4a). The respect or the non-respect of these conditions of alignment of the notebooks will determine the final geometry of the book after sewing.

  The traditional shading method is carried out according to the following operations: i. The notebooks are arranged to respect the conditions stated above by shaking them on an aisle, head and back; ii. The notebooks thus arranged are then placed between two aisles, the back of the 35 notebooks exceeding 1 cm approximately; iii. The assembly thus formed by the notebooks and the aisles is placed between the binoculars A and B of the binding press (see Figure 5) first placed in a vertical position, then lying down after having tightened the notebooks between the two aisles. , in the binding press; iv. The notebooks are then Greek using the saw Sc (see Figure 5).

  This method has some disadvantages that fully justify the traditional and traditional appellation of the method. Indeed, the operation i. does not necessarily ensure alignment of the head and back perpendicular to the surface S (see Figure 4a). Operations ii. and iii. consist of manipulations found to be delicate, even for an experienced person skilled in both hands, who move the notebooks. They lose their alignment at the head and back. After a first failure, it is mandatory to completely reiterate the operations i. to iii., until complete success of all the operations. It is generally considered that swamping is a fairly difficult operation to succeed with traditional equipment, and the associated method.

  b) Method of endorsement: The endorsement consists of giving a regular rounded shape throughout the back of the book C L and to form mice Mo (see Figure 4b), that is to say, the edges, while setting regularly the backgrounds of the notebooks on each side of the axis of longitudinal symmetry Ax of the book L (see Figure 3).

  The desired qualities are as follows: the two mors Mo must be parallel to each other and identical; the head Te and the gutter Go of the book must remain each perpendicular to the flat of the book S (see figure 4b). The rounded shape should be regular throughout the back and symmetrical.

  The method of endorsement with traditional equipment is as follows: The binoculars A and B are equipped with "iron" Fe metal (see Figure 3). It is also possible to use iron boards to endorse.

  - The book is tight between binoculars A and B; - The notebooks are lying on each side of the axis of longitudinal symmetry Ax with a hammer. It is therefore necessary to hammer obliquely, to draw the back of some books on either side of the axis of longitudinal symmetry Ax book, which lying on either side of said Ax axis allow to obtain a rounded back and the formation of the jaws.

  In practice, it is not easy to train the notebooks to lie down in one direction then in the other with the smooth tip, that is to say the smooth face, of a hammer. 35

  In addition, the clamping force F given by the screw V is also dispersed over all the surfaces of the book in contact with the binoculars A and B. Unlike the specific vices to be endorsed (solid metal material, not equivalent to material of the invention) where the clamping force is concentrated at the jaws to be executed (it will be question of this type of clamping with the material of the invention).

  In addition, it is not possible, when tightening the book in the press, to control the squareness of the head or that of the gutter. Therefore, the result obtained is not guaranteed. The head and gutter of the book are not necessarily perpendicular to the flat S of the book.

  On the other hand, in the case of a book with seam on nerves where the notebooks must be lying only on the spaces between the nerves, it is difficult to strike with the hammer without crushing the nerves. Moreover, if the notebooks are not tightened effectively at the level of the jaws, they slide under the action of the hammer blows and form folds inside the book.

  c) Finishing the roundness of the back and gluing the muslin with the traditional material: This operation is performed after the endorsement. It consists of regularizing the rounded shape of the back of the book while respecting its geometry, namely: The jaws Mo must be parallel to each other and regular (see Figure 4b).

  The head and the gutter of the book must be perpendicular to the flat S. This condition is particularly important because after this operation and after drying, the book will definitely keep this geometry, good or bad. The execution of this operation is carried out according to the following steps: softening of the back to be glued, by humidification; tightening the book between the binoculars A and B of the traditional binding press (see FIG. 3), and regularizing the shape of the back by scrubbing with a scrubber; - sticking the muslin and drying for several hours.

  This operation can cause defects. Indeed, if the two jaws are parallel since in contact with binoculars A and B, squaring at the head and tail could not be verified before the collage of the muslin and the drying of the book, this used equipment does not allow it.

  d) Trimming of the book with traditional equipment: 2862565 lo The trimming of the book is an operation which consists in cutting the edge, for example at the head, of a book. This operation comes after the collage of the muslin, once the book has taken its final form. The surface obtained Te after trimming must be flat, smooth and perpendicular to the two mice Mo (see Figure 4b) and the dishes S of the book.

  The steps of the trimming operation with traditional equipment are as follows: i) positioning and tightening the book: the book is clamped effectively between two cartons to fill the shoulder of the jaws. The positioning of the book in the press is done by taking as a reference the cardboard Ca (see Figure 2a) which has two songs perpendicular to each other, ii) the trimming (cutting of the slice) (see Figure 1): the trimming drum is moved by a reciprocating straight motion MC, iii) the tool attached to the cheek b (see Figure 2a) penetrates a certain value into the book at each stroke of the rectilinear reciprocating cutting movement Mc. This penetration of the tool according to the penetration movement Mp is controlled by the rotation of the screw V (see Figure 2a).

  This operation is also difficult to achieve, because of the archaic design of the traditional apparatus, in particular: The adjustment of the cutting tool must be perfectly parallel and in contact with the upper surface of the binocular B (see Figure 2a ). If this is not the case, there is a rising cut (see Figure 2b). This is an unstoppable defect since the bottom surface S of the knife Co rubs on the cut edge of the book as the tool enters the book. The tool follows a trajectory To which is not that desired. The surface of the wafer Te (FIG. 4b) is therefore neither flat nor perpendicular to the dishes S of the book.

  Due to its position perpendicular to the book, the tool tends to tear the paper from the notebooks particularly at the ends, back side and gutter side. Its sharpening must be particularly careful, the shape of the active part of the tool can influence the quality of work (see Figure 2c) where are presented three examples of typical forms. The form referenced 3 is best for fragile papers because providing a softer cut. In the case of trimming a thick book, you have to take out the Co knife all the more. As a result, the overshoot Dp (FIG. 2a) is important and this gives rise to an annoying chatter for the quality of the sliced surface. Example: for a 100 mm thick pound to be trimmed, the overspill value Dp must be greater than 100 mm.

  Penetration according to the penetration movement MP, of the tool in each stroke of the cutting movement MC must be precisely controlled, not to exceed a few tenths of a millimeter for the fragile papers. However, the pitch of the wooden screw that provides this advance of the tool can have a value of 5 mm, it is necessary to turn the screw only 1 / 10th of a turn to obtain a penetration of 0.5 mm, which turns out to be not easy to control.

  For all these reasons mentioned above, the traditional trimming drum is difficult to use and rather reserved for experienced professionals.

  The positioning and tightening of the book are also delicate steps. Indeed, at this stage, the book has its definitive geometric form, but is still very flexible. During the setting operation of the book in the press, it can be deformed, then tightened and trimmed in this deformed form. The defect is then visible when the book is released after the operation, when it resumes its "natural" shape: the trimmed slice is then left. A trimming desk, such as that presented in the French patent application FR-A-2 746 051, can remedy this difficulty.

  e) Cutting of cardboard dishes from a book with traditional material: This operation consists in obtaining by cutting with a barrel to cut two identical cartons, with good dimensions, and good geometry, that is to say the songs of cartons parallel and perpendicular to each other, of the same length and the same width.

  Cutting with this material can only be done from plots on the cartons and the result obtained can, by experience, be usually of average quality, while the operation is far from easy .

  II. PRESENTATION OF THE MULTIPURPOSE APPARATUS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

  The portable binding press, shown in FIG. 6 - plate 2/7, is the basic element of the apparatus according to the invention.

  It allows clamping books, books and cardboard to be used for the actual binding operations from 1. to 9. (see page 1). Its design is such that the slices of the books are accessible during the clamping action of the book and, therefore, it is possible to control their squareness with respect to the fixed jaw plate 1. A screw-nut system 4, 15, located at the rear of the fixed jaw plate 1 allows to fix devices or devices specific to certain operations.

  Depending on the binding operations to be performed, this press is used in different positions: a) standing on its sole 3, posed or fixed using clamps (kind clamp) on all kinds of tables; b) returned, resting on his feet 7, on a table, for the swarming operation; c) resting on the retractable stand 18 for the use of the apparatus as a trimming device.

  This press can be made for example mainly of wood, with metal parts and synthetic material.

  The carrier element is the fixed jaw plate 1, integral with the sole 3. It carries the threaded rods 4 through and fixed by the plates 19. The movable jaw 2 slides on the threaded rods 4. On the fixed jaw 1 and the jaw mobile 2 are fixed irons 5.

  The essential condition of operation of the press is that the upper edges of these irons 5, thus taken as references, remain parallel to each other and in the same plane perpendicular to the fixed jaw plate 1, regardless of the degree of opening of the press to connect. This condition requires that the threaded rods 4 have a clamping function and independently a guiding function. Bores allowing the passage of elements 4 in the jaws 1 and 2 are therefore specially designed for this purpose.

  The square rule 6 is longitudinally adjustable according to the book formats and is perpendicular to the fixed jaw plate 1. This square rule is used for the alignment of the heads of the notebooks in the shading operation. It is more removable.

  The tablet 8 is perpendicular to the fixed jaw plate 1 and is adjustable in height. It is guided in its movement and it can be locked with respect to the jaws 5 of the jaws 1 and 2 by the system 16, 17. Its height position and its parallelism can be controlled with the aid of the two graduated rulers 9 embedded in the fixed jaw tray 1. This tablet is used when using the binding press as a trimming device, as well as in its use as a gilding press. It is also removable. This tablet can be made of light alloy.

  The elastic rings 20 make it possible to keep the movable jaw 2 in the open position, by hooking them to the two special clamping handles 14. In the situation where the movable jaw 2 is held by the elastic rings 20, it can undergo a "resistant" displacement. , due to the return exerted by the elastic rings, pushing the movable jaw with the hand. This feature is very useful when positioning the book, cardboard dishes and notebooks before final tightening in the trimming or unloading operations.

  - The special handles 14 can be "thrown" by hand to increase their rotational speed during the approach movements opening or closing the press. A special key (not shown) can be placed on these handles to amplify the clamping force.

  - Removable clips Pr fixed on the press by the system 4-15 have the function of immobilizing the press: either in position at mid-height, on the edge of a table (see Figure 9, plate 4/7), Stand, resting on his sole 3.

  The removable bars 10 are used for the endorsing operation. A / Method of performing the operation of gnashing with the apparatus of the invention, the portable binding press.

  The principle of use of the apparatus according to the invention is summarized in the following operations: - The notebooks are placed in a vertical position, perpendicular to a flat surface, an aisle or a table. The backs of the notebooks come into contact with this flat surface and align themselves naturally.

  - By maintaining this position, the notebooks are pushed on one side so that the heads come to align with a ruler, perpendicular to the flat of 25 notebooks.

  - Without any other manipulation, the notebooks are tight in this position.

  - Thus the conditions defined in paragraph 2.a are respected, alignment back and head, and this with a considerably improved ease of execution and a successful operation.

  In more detail, the execution of the operation takes place according to the following steps: - The square rule 6 is adjusted longitudinally according to the format of the book; - The press is returned, supported on the four feet 7, on a flat surface, table or ai (see Figures 7a and 7b, plate 3/7); - The notebooks L, arranged and taken together with a cardboard Ca on each side are placed in the open press, the backs D to the flat surface constituted by the table, the heads Te to the square rule 6 (see Figure 7b); - The notebooks being often of unequal dimensions, some of them are thus in withdrawal. It is possible to push them down and towards the square rule 6 by patting the slices of the notebooks with a brush; - The press is then tightened, then returned; - The Greek (nicks) are then drawn and executed (see Figure 7c); - Note: the Ca cartons have the function of stiffening the part of the notebooks that protrudes from the jaws of the press 1 and 2 (see Figure 7c).

  A variant of the material according to the invention, with regard to the swamping operation concerns binders who already have the traditional equipment presented in paragraph I-1 and who wish to simplify the swarming operation. A special device for swamping is proposed, based on the same principle as that presented above and with the same method of use (see Figure 8, plate 4/7). This special device for swamping can be presented with two different clamping systems: either it has the same threaded rods 4 and the clamping handles 14, with the same operating characteristics as for the portable binding press according to the invention ; - Or it has a clamping system by bracing 26, with smooth guide rods 25. In this configuration, the complete tightening is done by putting the device in the traditional press to perform sawing with a saw (see Figure 7d). ). It should be noted that this device will also serve for finishing the rounded back and the collage of the muslin, an operation that will be described later. It is also interesting to note that this device can stand on a table. The shank 11 necessary for tightening the book also serves as a leg because it is in contact with the table. This is useful for this operation.

  B / Endosage operation with the apparatus of the invention; Levering device.

  The description of the endorsement operation was made in paragraph 2.b (see Figures 4b and 3).

  The operating principle of the device is based on the lever-fulcrum system (see FIGS. 10-13, plate 5/7).

  It acts by making successive pressures throughout the back of the book, on either side of the axis of symmetry of the book L (see Figure 10), to fold the notebooks and form the back of the book.

  The binding press is equipped with removable rigid metal jaws 31 (see FIG. 10) which are positioned by two plugs Pl (see FIG. 11) and fixed by two screws 33 (see FIG. 12).

  These jaws are plates whose upper portion constitutes a rim which forms an acute angle to the rest of the plate (see Figure II); each rim is directed inwards, which has the effect of concentrating the clamping force at the jaws (see Figure 12), and predisposes to the formation of the endowure.

  A pressure mallet 30 (see Figure 10), provided with two handles 35 has two gripping surfaces. One is flat (surface S), used in the case of smooth backs, the other is shouldered (surface S '), used in the case of books with seams on nerves, to act between the nerves.

  Free handles in rotation and in translation on the sleeves 35 can be locked in rotation by means of the notched wheels 41 coming to engage the lugs 42.

  The belts 32 are wound on the handles 40 and are connected at the other end to the bars 10 with a ring 34 which can translate on these bars 10 which are removable.

  Removable pins 43 limit the axial stroke of the handles 40. Method of Execution: Referring to FIG. 10, the right side strap is wound on the handle 40 and is locked by the toothed wheel 41 on the handle 40. 42 to give an inclination of an angle (3 of the pressure mallet 30.

  By exerting a force F on the left handle 40, the mallet acts on the notebooks of the summit located on the left side of the axis of symmetry of the book. The pressure effect layers the notebooks.

  Keeping this angle 13 to the pressure mallet 30, successive pressures are exerted throughout the back of the book by moving each time the pressure mallet. The ring 34 of the strap 32 slides on the bar 10. The same operation is done on the right side of the book by releasing the handle 40 on the right side. Then by winding the strap 32 on the handle 40 so as to reproduce the same inclination of an angle R of this right side of the book, using the mallet 30.

  By acting successively on each side of the book and varying each pass the angle inclination 13 of the pressure mallet 30, we obtain a complete rounding of the back and the "tightening" of the jaws of the book on the jaws 31.

  Critical: This device and this method have the merit of regularly read the notebooks on each side of the axis of symmetry Ax book, driven by the gripper surface S of the pressure mallet 30 in a direction Re which is the resultant forces exerted on this one, which is not always the case with the smooth surface of the hammer of the traditional material.

  The clamping device of the book with the movable jaws 31 concentrates the clamping forces at the jaws to be formed and prevents the sliding of the notebooks under the pressure exerted on them during the backing and this avoids the formation of folds at the end. inside the book. Also note that this kind of tightening predisposes to the formation of the rounded back of the books.

  In the case of the backing of a book with stitching on nerves, the surface S ', narrower of the pressure mallet, is used after turning the latter to 180) to act between the nerves without the risk of crushing them. This kind of result is difficult to achieve with the hammer of the material and the traditional method.

  Note: It is possible to use the hammer of traditional equipment to finish "tighten" the bit of the book on the jaws of the press.

  Variant No. 1 of the device according to the invention (see FIG. 13): Nothing has changed in the operating principle of the device or the method of execution. Its design and manufacture are simplified. The rotating handles 40 are removed (see Figure 13). A winding Er of the strap 32 on the handle 35 of the pressure mallet 30 can perform the same function (see Figure 13).

  To change the inclination of the pressure mallet 30, inclined at an angle (3, the winding being made, rotate the winding in one direction or the other as if it were a rotating handle.) To stop the pressure mallet 30 in this inclination, it is sufficient to tighten this winding with the hand The blocking is very effective, even by exerting a large force F at the other end of the handle 35 of the mallet 30.

  The manufacture of this device is simpler. It can remain simple to use.

  Variant No. 2 of the device according to the invention: These devices 1 and 2 of the invention of the invention work in the same way as previously, on traditional binding presses by adapting bars such as bars 10 of the invention on Binoculars A and B (see Figure 3). The book L is tight between the binoculars A and B. C / Finishing of the rounded back and gluing of the muslin with the portable binding press This operation was defined in section I-c).

  Method of Execution: The book is placed in the portable binding press (Figure 6, Plate 2/7). The jaws of the book are placed in contact with the irons 5 movable jaws 1 and 2. These jaws of the book are therefore parallel to each other. The book is tightened along its length but the head and gutter edges remain accessible and therefore it is possible to control their perpendicularity with respect to the plate 1 of the device using a square.

  The book being tight while respecting these geometrical constraints, it is proceeded to the remodeling of the back then to the collage of the muslin.

  Critical: By this method, the geometry of the book (see Figure 4b) is completely controlled before the collage of the muslin and the final drying of the book in the press according to the invention. The book keeping its final form after this operation, it must therefore be perfectly successful.

  Variant of the invention for the same operation as above: This is the same device as that presented in section II-A. It is aimed at bookbinders already equipped with traditional heavy equipment, to facilitate this operation. The method of execution is the same as that described above with the portable binding press.

  D / Trimming operation with the material of the invention: mechanical trimming apparatus The description of this operation was made in paragraph Id) 30 (see Figures 1,2a, 2b, 2c and 4b) as well as the criticism of process with traditional equipment.

  For this trimming operation, the portable binding press (FIG. 6) equipped with the removable shelf 8 is completed by the mechanical trimming apparatus (see FIG. 14, plate 6/7).

  This operation is broken down into two distinct phases which are in order: Phase 1: placing the book in the press and tightening it. Phase 2: the trimming itself, that is to say the cut of the edge of the book, that of head for example.

  Execution of phase n 1 and presentation of the material of the invention The portable binding press (FIG. 6) is well suited to placing the book in position. It is open, the movable jaw 2 is held in position by hooking the elastic rings 20 to the handles 14. Then the press is placed in a supine position, resting on the retractable stand 18. The shelf 8 is adjusted with the aid of the two graduated rulers 9 then locked according to the height dimension of the book that is to be obtained after trimming (dimension H see figure 15, plate 7/7).

  The book L is placed in the press, a carton Ca is placed on each side to compensate the shoulder due to the jaws (Figure 16a). The book rests flat on the tray 1, the tail portion resting on the tablet 8 (Figure 18). It is possible to control the position of the back of the book with respect to the cut MC (this being shown by the trajectory To of the tool) by placing a square Eq on the tablet 8.

  The positioning of the book being obtained without being deformed, it is held in position by pressing the movable jaw 2, to overcome the elasticity of the rings 20. Then the final tightening is obtained by releasing the rings 20 and squeezing the handles 14.

  Execution of phase n 2 Presentation of the mechanical trimming device (figure 14): The binding press is equipped with the mechanical trimming device (figure 14), fixed by its legs 52 and the screw-nut system 415 of the press.

  The longitudinal slide 55 moves longitudinally guided on the slide bar 53 according to the movement MC. It can also make a partial rotation around this slide. It itself secured to the legs 52. The screw 58 serves to lock the slider 55 in any position. The tool slide 71 moves transversely according to the movement MP guided by the guides 67 which are themselves integral with the slide 55. The slide 71 is actuated in its movement MP by the rotation of the screw 66. The tool 60 as well as its Against iron 61 are fixed on this slider 71 and the protective cover 62. The operating screw 66 is guided in rotation in the slider 55. It is secured to a handle 56. This can be graduated to control the value of the rotation of the screw therefore the displacement value MP of the tool. A retractable crank 57 can be used to give a fast approach movement to the carriage 71. The support 70 and provided with a shoe 63. Its function is to maintain the guides 67 in a plane perpendicular to the plate 1 of the press. It is kept in contact with the jaw 2 of the press by pressing with the hand (action F) on the handle 68. This force F is amplified when the action with the hand is done on the retractable handle 72 provided for this purpose for some trimming conditions. The support 70 can move on the guides 67 and be blocked by the screw 69 depending on the opening of the press and the thickness of the book to be trimmed.

  Instructions for use of the trimming apparatus: The book being pressed in the press according to the conditions stated in phase n 1, the latter is put upright and immobilized on a table with the aid of the special pliers. Then the trimming machine is attached to the press.

  The support 71 is positioned and then blocked by the screw 69 so that its pad 63 coincides with the slide 59 of the movable jaw 2 (see Figure 14, plate 6/7). The slide 71 is moved according to the movement MP so that the tool 60 comes flush with the book, by quickly turning the screw 66 with the crank 57.

  To perform the cutting of the edge of the book, the operator gives the slider 55 the longitudinal movement MC holding it with one hand by the handle 56.

  At the same time, the other hand presses the support 70 via the handle 68 or the handle 72 (action F) so that the shoe 63 remains in constant contact with the slide 59 of the movable jaw 2.

  Before each stroke MC of the tool, the slider is advanced according to the movement MP which makes penetrate the tool in the book, of a controlled value (thanks to the graduations on the handle 56) The two movements MC and MP are repeated until 'to obtain the complete cut of the edge of the book (Figure 16a).

  The two crossed movements MC and MP are rectilinear since they are guided. The first is parallel to the upper edges of the irons 5 taken as a reference. The second is located in a plane perpendicular to the plate 1 of the press. Consequently, the sliced surface of the book is necessarily flat and perpendicular to the flat of the book (the perpendicularity with respect to the back depends on the positioning of the book, as was demonstrated in the phase n 1).

  The cutter blade can only cut in one direction during the MC race. Therefore, the tool must be cleared from the sliced surface during the MR return stroke. To obtain this release of the tool, the device is raised very slightly by a tilting up (rotation about the axis of the slide 53). To do this, two solutions are possible: a) Automatically, the lifting of the tool and obtained by the system of an articulated lug 65 on the support 70 which is bent during the return stroke MR, which has the effect of making enough lift the device to clear the tool of the book.

  b) Of a simpler design, the tilting of the apparatus is done manually by acting on the handle 56 during the return stroke MR to slightly rotate the slide 56 on the axis of the slide 53.

  Note concerning the tool and its mode of action: - The blade of cutter 60 is fixed and oriented according to two angles: The angle a (figure 16a, plate 7/7) which avoids to the lower surface S of the blade of rub on the sliced part of the book L during the cut. As a result, the trajectory To of the tool remains rectilinear and perpendicular to the plate 1 of the press, so to the dishes of the book. This is not the case with the traditional trimming drum whose trajectory of the tool is random.

  Angle 3 (Figure 16b) gives orientation to the blade so as to obtain a tear-free cut of the paper. This orientation is comparable to that given to a cutter in the case of a flat cut of a sheet of paper.

  - This blade fixed by two screws is easily removable to return at first, then to change it.

  Two variants of the material of the invention are proposed: A variant No. 1 relates to binders already equipped with traditional wooden binding presses in that this device to trim (Figure 14) can fit on these presses. The adaptation (FIG. 15, plate 6/7) consists of a fitting F fixed permanently by wood screws Vb on the fixed binocular A of the presses. The fixing lugs 52 of the apparatus have a shape adapted to be fixed on these fittings at the time of the trimming operation.

  The pad 62 of the support 70, which may be "nylon", and wider than the previous, slides directly on the moving binocular B of the press (refer to Figure 1 of the plate 1/7).

  Note: With this material of the invention: the user manual remains exactly the same as before, the quality of the cut is clearly improved over the traditional wood trimming drum.

  - A variant n 2 consists in replacing the tool, blade of cutter, by the dovetail trimming knife of the traditional trimming barrels which was discussed in chapter Id) (figure 2a, plate 1/7) .

  Simply remove the slide 71 and replace it with another, different model 71 '(Figure 17a) on which is fixed a dovetail tool holder 72.

  The rigid tool Co is fixed on the tool holder 72 in two ways: either it is slid into the dovetail of the Po and immobilized by the set screw 75 (FIG. 17b, plate 7/7), or it is immobilized by means of an oblique gib 76 and a screw 75 '(Figure 17c, plate 6/7). The force (according to F) exerted on the oblique lardon has the effect of pressing the surface S 'of the tool Co in the tool holder 72, which gives a better positioning of the tool as well as a good locking of the -this. The tool holder 72 is fixed on the slide 71 'by two screws 74 (FIG. 17b). The four screws 73 have the function of adjusting, at the time of manufacture of the apparatus, the orientation of the tool according to the angle α (FIG. 17a) and possibly adjusting its position in height so that its trajectory To (FIG. 18) is located with respect to the two graduated rulers (9).

  It should be noted that: - The lower surface S of the tool Co does not rub on the sliced surface of the book during its stroke MP thanks to the draft angle a. Therefore, the To path is the same as the one that was set with the cutter blade tool.

  - Exceeding Dp (Figure 17a) of the tool is minimum and set to this value once and for all, regardless of the thickness of the book to be trimmed, which is not the case with the conventional trimming drum ( see paragraph 2b).

  - Unlike the cutter blade that can only cut during the MC race (Figure 14), this tool can cut during both the MC and MR races, both outward and returnward. As a result, the clearance required during the return stroke MR for the cutter blade is no longer necessary with this tool.

  This variant of the device concerns binders which are not put off by the problems of sharpening tools, sharpening which must be of very good quality.

  The results are the same as those stated above, both for the respect of the geometric conditions of the book and for the cutting of fragile papers. This tool is ideal for cutting dense materials such as bookbinding.

  The improvements obtained with this mechanical trimming machine are: 1) The positioning of the book and its clamping in the press: fast, easy and above all without deformation with a possible control of its geometric position.

  2) The possibility of respecting a height rating of the book.

  3) The geometric quality of the sliced surface of the book, that is to say that it is flat, perpendicular to its dishes, as well as to the back. The regularity of the surface obtained, without snags, without tearing the paper, even fragile, notebooks.

  4) Removing the problems of setting the cutting tool.

  5) Removing grinding problems when the unit is equipped with an interchangeable cutter blade.

  6) The ability to trim a thick book while keeping the same qualities of work. The thickness of the book being limited only by the opening capacity of the binding press.

  7) The precise control of the value of the penetration that is given to the tool at each cutting stroke MC. This penetration is necessarily very weak in the case where the paper of the notebooks is fragile.

  8) The ability to cut the cardboard plates of books with geometric and dimensional quality (parallelism, perpendicularity, height and width dimensions).

  9) The possibility of deburring book books with the same quality as in the previous operation.

  E / Cutting operation of the cardboard plates of the books with the trimming apparatus of the invention As indicated above, to obtain a quality work with the traditional equipment, that is to say the respect of the dimensions in height and in width as well as the parallelism and the perpendicularity of the songs of the cartons, it is necessary to be equipped with a robust shears and of quality (traditional material not described in this presentation).

  The apparatus of the invention is therefore essentially for bookbinders who do not have this kind of shears.

  For this operation, the portable binding press is equipped as 35 for trimming a book as described in phase # 1.

  Referring to Figure 18, Plate 7/7, the two cartons that were previously cut into the sheet to larger dimensions, are placed together on the other in the press. They are positioned as described for the book L (chapter II D / Execution of the phase n 1) tight then cut together.

  The trimming itself is done in the same way as for the book (see chapter D / Execution of phase n 2, Instructions for use).

  The dimensions of width and height are obtained by setting the tablet 8 on its graduated rulers 9 (dimension H of Figure 18, plate 7/7).

  The parallelism of the first two songs of the boxes (in the width direction) is ensured by the fact that the tablet 8 is itself parallel to the path To of the tool (Figure 18).

  The right angle between the songs of the boxes is provided by adjusting one of the first songs cut in a position perpendicular to the tablet 8 with a square Eq (Figure 18). Thus, the third cut song is necessarily perpendicular to the first two. By proceeding in the same way to cut the fourth song, one obtains rigorously identical cards, since cut together, of good geometric and dimensional correctness. Note:

  1) The trimming device presented in the variant n 2 (Figure 17a) is particularly suitable for this operation because the tool is rigid and in addition it can cut in both directions during the round trips MC and MR.

  2) In a general way in the operations of trimming books, cartons, notebooks, it is necessary to place a reinforcing plate behind the element to be trimmed (example: cardboard plate Ca figure 16a) to ensure its maintenance in the last part of the cut to obtain a clean and complete cut. The material of the invention comprises a special plate which is positioned on the press (instead of the cardboard Ca). The material that constitutes this plate is the same as that of the cutting plates that are used for cutting fabrics, papers, flat on a table.

  3) To avoid deterioration of this reinforcing plate by too deep penetration of the tool, the advance of the transverse carriage 71 (Figure 14, plate 6/7) is deliberately limited by an adjustable stop (Bu).

  III. PRESENTATION OF THE APPLIANCE IN ITS USE FOR THE BINDING OPERATIONS CITED IN POINTS 6 to 10 (page 1) A) Deburring operation of the books of a book This operation was not described in the presentation of the traditional material because it requires a particular material, a shear of good quality as for the previous operation.

  Definition: it is an operation that consists in equalizing as much as possible the notebooks between them by cutting the inequalities, most often on the gutter side and the tail side and obtaining the dimensions of width and height For this operation, the press is equipped and used in the same way as for the previous operation, to meet the same geometrical and dimensional requirements as for cutting cartons (Figures 14, 16a, 18).

  Referring to Figure 18 board 7/7, the notebooks are positioned and tightened in the press as has been described for trimming books or cutting cardboard dishes. Under certain conditions, and depending on the quality of the paper, it is possible to cut several notebooks at the same time (Figure 16a).

  Note: the device equipped with a cutter blade is ideal for fragile papers (figure 16a).

  This apparatus of the invention therefore relates to binders which are not equipped with a good shear.

  B) Making slicesfiles of books This operation which is carried out at the ends of the back of the books, at the head and in the tail, requires a maintenance in position of the book in a specific traditional slicefiler. This press is usually placed on a table. It is not described in this presentation.

  The binding press of the invention can replace this traditional slicing press. It therefore concerns bookbinders who are not equipped.

  For this operation, the binding press according to the invention can be fixed at half height on the edge of a table (according to FIG. 9, plate 4/7) by means of the two removable grippers Pr, themselves attached to the press using the screw-nut system 4, 15.

  C) Realization of gilding on the back of books, titling or decoration This operation requires a firm hold of the book. It is best if the book is resting on the gutter edge at the same time as it is tight.

  A specific traditional press, to be browned, is used, placed on a table. This gilding press is not described in this presentation.

  The binding press according to the invention can replace this specific traditional equipment. It therefore concerns bookbinders who are not equipped.

  For this operation, the binding press of the invention (FIG. 6, plate 2/7) is equipped with the tablet 8.

  This shelf 8 is adjusted in height so that the book, placed gutter side on the shelf 8, his back sufficiently exceeds the jaws 5 of the press when it is tightened.

  The press, placed freely on a table, bearing on the sole 3 is therefore easy to manipulate, which allows to see the work from different angles. In addition, the book is supported on the tablet 8 which prevents slipping down and avoids excessive tightening.

  In addition, the book is placed at a good height for the gilder who works standing.

  D) Sanding the top edge of a book This is an operation that consists of finely polishing the wafer with sandpaper and a sanding block. It is done immediately after the trimming operation and therefore the same conditions of positioning and clamping of the book must be kept to respect the geometry of the book (see Chapter II D / Phase No. 1).

  The binding press according to the invention (FIG. 6) is equipped with the tablet 8. This is adjusted in height so that the edge of the book slightly exceeds the irons of the jaws of the press. The book is placed between two cardboard plates so as to stiffen the part of the book that exceeds, while sanding the wafer.

  The binding press can be fixed on a table in two possible ways: - either in a standing position, the soleplate 3 being fixed with the aid of one of the removable grippers Pr, - or at mid-height (according to FIG. 9 ) on the edge of a table using the removable grippers Pr.

  E) Other operations requiring a maintenance of the work by clamping in the press - The sticking of the tar paper on the back of the books, - The sanding of the back of the books.

  The use of the binding press according to the invention is interesting in the sense that it is placed freely on a table and is easy to manipulate and this makes it possible to follow the appearance of the work at its various angles during the execution of said operation. .

  The traditional binding press is too heavy to allow this kind of manipulation.

  F) The binding press according to the invention used to press a work between the shaping operations Examples of use: To exert a prolonged pressure on a book, being shaped, to give it a shape, to pack it.

  - To exert a prolonged pressure on the notebooks of the books in order to compact them, to smooth them out.

  For these "press releases", the press can be put in supine position to better place the works. These can be placed between the tray 1 (Figure 6) and a ai or between two ais depending on the case.

  The material of the invention does not replace the specific traditional press, wood or metal, useful for bookbinding professionals, but it may be suitable for bookbinders who are not equipped with this traditional equipment, heavy and bulky.

  Note: a special key can be placed on the clamping handles 14 (Figure 6) to increase the clamping force of the press.

Claims (17)

  Portable connecting apparatus comprising a frame provided with a pair of jaws (1,2) having flat and parallel gripping surfaces movable relative to one another so as to be spaced apart or spaced apart one of the other, characterized in that said frame: - on the one hand, comprises a pair of opposed legs (3,7) so arranged that it can be placed and / or fixed on a plane support and horizontal, such as a table, selectively in one or the other of two different upright positions, offset by 180 angularly relative to each other, in each of which the clamping faces of the jaws (1 , 2) fit in vertical planes, namely: - a first position, called "erect", in which the free edges of the jaws extend horizontally in the upper part of the chassis, allowing free access to the slice of a set of notebooks (L) which is enclosed between these jaws; a second position, referred to as "inverted", in which the free edges of the jaws extend horizontally in the lower part of the frame, at a given distance and of low value from said plane and horizontal support, and that - on the other hand, it is provided with a cleat, such as a straightedge (6), preferably adjustable positioning, extending perpendicularly to the clamping faces of the jaws, near their free edge.   2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a pair of threaded rods (4) which extend perpendicular to the clamping faces of the jaws (1, 2) and are adapted to ensure both the guiding mutual jaws and their clamping, this by means of actuating nuts (14) with which they are engaged.   3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, on the one hand, it is likely to be equipped with an endorsing device comprising a pressure mallet (30), adapted to be positioned against the backs (D) notebooks and strongly applied against them, by lateral tilting and with a variable angle (f3), and that, on the other hand, the frame comprises a pair of horizontal rods (10) parallel to the clamping faces of the jaws (1,2) and extending outwardly relative thereto, at the base of said frame when in its upright position, said pressure mallet (30) being integral with a pair of transverse sleeves (35) which are each connected, by a strap (32) of variable effective length, to one of said rods (10), by means of a ring (34) axially slidable along the rod (10). 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the variation of the useful length of a strap (32) is obtained by winding or unwinding it on the handle (35) to which it is connected.   5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is equipped with a pair of removable jaws (31) capable of being fixed against the inner faces of the jaws, each jaw consisting of a plate whose portion The upper edge forms a rim which forms an acute angle with respect to the remainder of the plate, and is directed inwards, which has the effect of concentrating the clamping force at the level of the jaws, and predisposes to the formation of the 'endossure.   6. Apparatus according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said pressure mallet (30) has a plurality of different working faces (S, S '), of different width and / or roughness, selectively usable.   7. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a horizontal shelf (8), removable or retractable, adjustable in height, which can serve as a support for the lower portion of the set of binders to be bound, or the work being made, when, the chassis occupying its erect position, the set of notebooks or the work is positioned between the jaws, which makes it possible to determine the value exceeding the opposite (upper) edge of the set of notebooks or the work, relative to the free upper edges of the jaws.   8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the frame is provided with a pair of graduated rulers (9) which control the horizontality of said shelf (8) and to measure the position in the direction vertical.   9. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a retractable stand (18), for supporting it on a flat and horizontal support in an inclined position, such plans containing the clamping faces of the jaws form an angle with respect to a vertical plane.   10. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is capable of being equipped with a trimming device comprising a cutting tool (60; Co) carried by a first slider (71). , said "tool holder", the frame being provided for this purpose with a longitudinal and horizontal guide rod (53) which extends, when said frame is in upright position, parallel and close to the upper edge free of one (1) of the jaws, towards the outside relative thereto, the tool slide (71) being integral with a second slide (55), said "shuttle", which can slide freely axially on the longitudinal guide rod (53), in one direction or the other, and is pivotable about this rod, so as to allow the temporary raising of the tool slide (71).   11. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the tool slide (71) overhangs the free upper edge of the jaw (2) opposite that (1) that runs along said longitudinal guide rod (53), and that this tool slide (71) is connected to the shuttle slide (55) by transverse guide rods (67), perpendicular to said longitudinal guide rod (53), fine adjustment means such as a screw system. nut (66-71) for varying, for the execution of successive cutting passes, the relative spacing of the two slides. (71-55).   12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said transverse guide rods (67) extend beyond the tool slide (71) by an overhang portion which carries a support (70) whose base is provided with a sliding shoe (63) able to bear against a longitudinal and horizontal slide (59) integral with the frame, and to move along the latter during the operation.   13. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that said overflow portion carries at least one handle (68; 72) allowing the operator to firmly apply said sliding pad (63) against said longitudinal slide (59) during the operation.   14. Apparatus according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the cutting tool (60; Co) consists of a cutting edge blade which is mounted on the tool slide so that its plane forms an acute angle a, whose value is a few degrees, with respect to the horizontal, and whose inclination is directed downwards towards its cutting edge.   15. Apparatus according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that it comprises means (65) for automatic lifting of the cutting tool in the direction of return (MR), during its longitudinal movement. back and forth, the trimming being done only in the forward direction (MC).   16. A method of graying a set of notebooks (L) to be connected, by means of an apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: - said frame is placed in the inverted position on a flat and horizontal support, such as a table, the clamping faces of its jaws (1,2) being spaced from each other by a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the set of notebooks; this set of notebooks is placed between the jaws in such a way that their backs (D) bear under the effect of their own weight against said flat and horizontal support; the notebooks are moved horizontally, parallel to the clamping faces of its jaws so as to bring them bearing, by one of their vertical edges, against said latch (6); - The jaws are brought closer to one another so as to tighten 10 all notebooks and hold them firmly while leaving their backs apparent; - We turn the frame and place it in upright position on the flat and horizontal support; - The back of the set is swept with a saw.   17. A method of endorsing a set of notebooks to be connected, by means of an apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: - the frame is placed upright on the plane and horizontal support; holding the set of notebooks tight between said jaws so that their backs (D) are visible and horizontal, facing upwards, exceeding a small height relative to the upper free edges of the jaws; - Positioning said pressure mallet (30) against the backs of the notebooks and it is strongly applied against them from top to bottom, by lateral tilting and with a variable angle (a), by rolling on the backs of the notebooks on each side of the vertical plane of symmetry of the assembly, to give the crown a convex arcuate shape, the pressing force on one side of this vertical plane of symmetry being compensated by the tensioning of the strap ( 32) on the other side; - The operation is repeated progressively throughout the endossure.