FR2860576A1 - APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS MIXTURE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION - Google Patents
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS MIXTURE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2860576A1 FR2860576A1 FR0350630A FR0350630A FR2860576A1 FR 2860576 A1 FR2860576 A1 FR 2860576A1 FR 0350630 A FR0350630 A FR 0350630A FR 0350630 A FR0350630 A FR 0350630A FR 2860576 A1 FR2860576 A1 FR 2860576A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bearings
- turbine
- gas
- column
- separated
- Prior art date
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
- F01D25/22—Lubricating arrangements using working-fluid or other gaseous fluid as lubricant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0295—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used, e.g. sieve plates, packings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
- F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/50—Bearings
- F05D2240/51—Magnetic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/42—Modularity, pre-fabrication of modules, assembling and erection, horizontal layout, i.e. plot plan, and vertical arrangement of parts of the cryogenic unit, e.g. of the cold box
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Dans un appareil de séparation de gaz par distillation cryogénique comprenant un système de colonnes (13, 15), des moyens pour envoyer un gaz à séparer à une colonne du système de colonnes, des moyens pour soutirer au moins un produit (31, 35) du système de colonnes et des moyens pour envoyer un gaz de l'appareil (23) dans une turbine à paliers (11), les paliers de la turbine sont des paliers gaz ou des paliers à roulements ou des paliers magnétiques.In an apparatus for gas separation by cryogenic distillation comprising a column system (13, 15), means for sending a gas to be separated to a column of the column system, means for withdrawing at least one product (31, 35) of the column system and the means for sending a gas from the apparatus (23) to a bearing turbine (11), the bearings of the turbine are gas bearings or rolling bearings or magnetic bearings.
Description
1 28605761 2860576
La présente invention est relative à un appareil et à un procédé de séparation d'un mélange gazeux par distillation cryogénique. The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for separating a gas mixture by cryogenic distillation.
Depuis très longtemps, comme décrit dans Tieftemperaturtechnik de Hausen Linde, pp.457-461, les unités de séparation des gaz de l'air utilisent des turbines à paliers lubrifiés, ces paliers étant axiaux ou radiaux. Pour produire du froid, les turbines détendent de l'air ou de l'azote avec production de travail extérieur, la détente étant de type isentropique aux irréversibilités près. For a very long time, as described in Hausen Linde's Tieftemperaturtechnik, pp.457-461, the air gas separation units use lubricated bearing turbines, these bearings being axial or radial. In order to produce cold, the turbines release air or nitrogen with the production of external work, the expansion being of the isentropic type with irreversibilities.
Néanmoins, les turbines à paliers lubrifiés, par exemple avec de l'huile, io ont deux inconvénients majeurs: Premièrement, il y a un risque de pollution du gaz procédé par de l'huile en cas de défaillance du système d'étanchéité le long de l'arbre. Une telle pollution engendre la migration d'huile dans les différents équipements de l'appareil (échangeurs, tuyauteries, colonnes à distiller, vaporiseur), l'huile pouvant avoir tendance à se concentrer au niveau du vaporiseur principal en présence d'oxygène relativement pur. Cela pourrait être la cause d'une explosion majeure dans un appareil de séparation des gaz de l'air. Nevertheless, lubricated bearing turbines, for example with oil, have two major disadvantages: First, there is a risk of oil pollution of the process gas in the event of failure of the sealing system along the of the tree. Such pollution causes the migration of oil in the various equipment of the apparatus (exchangers, pipes, distillation columns, vaporizer), the oil may tend to concentrate at the main vaporizer in the presence of relatively pure oxygen . This could be the cause of a major explosion in an air separation unit.
Deuxièmement, il est pour ainsi dire obligatoire pour des raisons économiques d'installer la turbine près du sol pour minimiser les distances vis- à-vis de la bâche à huile; cette contrainte n'est pas spécifique aux usines de séparation des gaz de l'air mais peut aussi s'appliquer à des liquéfacteurs de gaz (H2, He, CH4, ...) ou à d'autres unités de séparation des gaz (H2/CO, ...). Second, it is virtually mandatory for economic reasons to install the turbine near the ground to minimize distances to the oil tank; this constraint is not specific to air gas separation plants but can also be applied to gas liquefiers (H2, He, CH4, ...) or to other gas separation units ( H2 / CO, ...).
L'objet de l'invention est de s'affranchir des paliers lubrifiés pour les turbines de détente des unités de séparation de mélange gazeux par distillation cryogénique en proposant différentes solutions alternatives: - détente du mélange gazeux à séparer dans une turbine à paliers gaz (statiques ou dynamiques) ; - détente du mélange gazeux à séparer dans une turbine sur roulements (à billes ou rouleaux en acier ou en céramiques), ces roulements pouvant avoir à être graissés périodiquement mais n'étant pas huilés; - détente du mélange gazeux à séparer dans une turbine à paliers magnétiques. The object of the invention is to overcome the lubricated bearings for the expansion turbines of the gas mixture separation units by cryogenic distillation by proposing different alternative solutions: - expansion of the gaseous mixture to be separated in a gas turbine ( static or dynamic); - Expansion of the gaseous mixture to be separated in a turbine on bearings (ball or roll steel or ceramic), these bearings may have to be greased periodically but not oiled; - Expansion of the gaseous mixture to be separated in a turbine with magnetic bearings.
2 2860576 Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un appareil de séparation de gaz par distillation cryogénique comprenant un système de colonnes, des moyens pour envoyer un gaz à séparer à une colonne du système de colonnes, des moyens pour soutirer au moins un produit du système de colonnes, des moyens pour envoyer un gaz de l'appareil, éventuellement au moins une partie du mélange gazeux à séparer, dans une turbine à paliers et des moyens pour envoyer au moins une partie du gaz détendu dans la turbine à une colonne du système de colonnes dans le cas où le gaz détendu constitue au moins une partie du mélange gazeux à séparer caractérisé en ce que les io paliers de la turbine sont des paliers gaz ou des paliers à roulements ou des paliers magnétiques. According to one object of the invention, there is provided a cryogenic distillation gas separation apparatus comprising a column system, means for sending a gas to be separated to a column of the column system, means for withdrawing at least a product of the column system, means for sending a gas from the apparatus, possibly at least a portion of the gaseous mixture to be separated, into a bearing turbine and means for sending at least a portion of the gas expanded in the turbine to a column of the column system in the case where the expanded gas constitutes at least a part of the gaseous mixture to be separated, characterized in that the bearings of the turbine are gas bearings or rolling bearings or magnetic bearings.
Optionnellement: - La turbine a des paliers non huilés. Optionally: - The turbine has bearings not oiled.
- La turbine a des paliers non lubrifiés. - The turbine has non-lubricated bearings.
- Le gaz à séparer contient comme composants principaux de l'oxygène et/ou de l'azote et/ou de l'hydrogène et/ou du méthane et/ou du monoxyde de carbone. The gas to be separated contains as main components oxygen and / or nitrogen and / or hydrogen and / or methane and / or carbon monoxide.
- Le gaz détendu est de l'air, de l'azote ou de l'hydrogène. - The expanded gas is air, nitrogen or hydrogen.
- La turbine est installée au moins 1 mètre au-dessus du sol, au moins 2 mètres au-dessus du sol ou même au moins 5 mètres au-dessus du sol. - The turbine is installed at least 1 meter above the ground, at least 2 meters above the ground or even at least 5 meters above the ground.
- La turbine est freinée par un surpresseur frein, éventuellement de type centrifuge, placé sur le même arbre que la turbine, tous les paliers de cet arbre commun étant non lubrifiés. - The turbine is braked by a brake booster, possibly centrifugal type, placed on the same shaft as the turbine, all bearings of this common shaft being non-lubricated.
- Tous les paliers de l'arbre commun sont de type gaz. - All bearings of the common shaft are gas type.
- Tous les paliers de l'arbre commun sont de type à roulements. - All bearings of the common shaft are of the bearing type.
- La turbine est freinée par une génératrice frein dont les paliers sont non lubrifiés. - The turbine is braked by a brake generator whose bearings are non-lubricated.
- Les paliers de la génératrice frein sont de type magnétique. - The bearings of the brake generator are of magnetic type.
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de séparation d'un mélange gazeux par distillation cryogénique dans lequel un mélange gazeux à séparer est envoyé à une colonne d'un système de colonnes, au moins un produit est soutiré du système de colonnes, au moins une partie d'un gaz de l'appareil, éventuellement au moins une partie du 3 2860576 mélange gazeux à séparer, est envoyé dans une turbine à paliers caractérisé en ce que les paliers de la turbine sont des paliers gaz ou des paliers à roulements ou des paliers magnétiques. According to another object of the invention, there is provided a method for separating a gaseous mixture by cryogenic distillation in which a gaseous mixture to be separated is sent to a column of a column system, at least one product is withdrawn from the column. column system, at least a portion of a gas of the apparatus, possibly at least a portion of the gaseous mixture to be separated, is sent to a turbine bearing characterized in that the bearings of the turbine are gas bearings or rolling bearings or magnetic bearings.
De préférence la turbine est freinée par une génératrice frein dont les 5 paliers sont non lubrifiés et la génératrice frein est entraînée à la même vitesse que la turbine. Preferably the turbine is braked by a brake generator whose bearings are non-lubricated and the brake generator is driven at the same speed as the turbine.
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détails en se référant aux figures, qui montrent des appareils de séparation d'air selon l'invention. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures, which show air separation apparatus according to the invention.
La figure 1 montre un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation io cryogénique. Figure 1 shows an apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
- Un débit d'air 1 est comprimé à la moyenne pression dans un compresseur 3 et est ensuite épuré dans une unité d'épuration 5 pouvant être de tout type connu. L'air est ensuite divisé en deux fractions 21, 23. La fraction 21 se refroidit en traversant la ligne d'échange 7 et est envoyé en cuve de la colonne moyenne pression 13 sous forme gazeuse. - An air flow 1 is compressed at the medium pressure in a compressor 3 and is then purified in a purification unit 5 can be of any known type. The air is then divided into two fractions 21, 23. The fraction 21 cools by crossing the exchange line 7 and is sent to the bottom of the medium pressure column 13 in gaseous form.
- Le reste de l'air 23 est surpressé dans un surpresseur 9, refroidi dans un refroidisseur 19 et envoyé à la ligne d'échange 7 où il se refroidit partiellement avant d'être envoyé à la turbine d'insufflation 11. Cette turbine peut être une turbine à paliers gaz (statiques ou dynamiques), une turbine sur roulements (à billes ou rouleaux en acier ou en céramiques) ou une turbine à paliers magnétiques. - The rest of the air 23 is supercharged in a booster 9, cooled in a cooler 19 and sent to the exchange line 7 where it cools partially before being sent to the blowing turbine 11. This turbine can be a gas bearing turbine (static or dynamic), a turbine with bearings (steel or ceramic balls or rollers) or a turbine with magnetic bearings.
- La turbine 11 est montée à au moins 1 mètre du sol, de préférence à au moins 2 mètres du sol ou même à au moins 5 mètres du sol. - The turbine 11 is mounted at least 1 meter from the ground, preferably at least 2 meters from the ground or even at least 5 meters from the ground.
- La turbine 11 se trouve sur le même arbre que le surpresseur 9. Le surpresseur 9 est de préférence de type centrifuge, ayant des paliers nonlubrifiés. De préférence tous les paliers de l'arbre sont des paliers gaz, des paliers à roulements ou des paliers magnétiques. - The turbine 11 is on the same shaft as the booster 9. The booster 9 is preferably of the centrifugal type, having non-lubricated bearings. Preferably all bearings of the shaft are gas bearings, roller bearings or magnetic bearings.
- Alternativement le surpresseur peut être remplacé par une génératrice, également à paliers non-lubrifiés. - Alternatively the booster can be replaced by a generator, also bearing non-lubricated bearings.
- L'air détendu dans la turbine 11 est envoyé dans une colonne basse pression à minaret 15. - The air expanded in the turbine 11 is sent into a low pressure column minaret 15.
- Des débits de liquide riche 25, de liquide pauvre inférieur 27 et de liquide pauvre supérieur 29 sont envoyés de la colonne moyenne pression 13 à 4 2860576 la colonne basse pression 15. Un débit de purge est soutiré du vaporiseurcondenseur 17 reliant les deux colonnes. Flow rates of rich liquid 25, lower lean liquid 27 and higher lean liquid 29 are sent from the medium pressure column 13 to the low pressure column 15. A purge flow rate is withdrawn from the condenser vaporizer 17 connecting the two columns.
- De l'azote pur 31 est soutiré en tête du minaret, de l'azote résiduaire 33 d'en dessous du minaret et de l'oxygène gazeux 35 de la cuve de la colonne basse pression. Ces trois débits de réchauffent dans la ligne d'échange 7. Une partie de l'azote résiduaire sert à la régénération suite à une étape de réchauffage. Pure nitrogen 31 is withdrawn at the top of the minaret, residual nitrogen 33 from below the minaret and oxygen gas 35 from the bottom of the low pressure column. These three flow rates heat up in the exchange line 7. Part of the waste nitrogen is used for regeneration following a reheating step.
La figure 2 montre un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation cryogénique avec un cycle d'air. Figure 2 shows an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation with an air cycle.
- Un débit d'air 1 est comprimé à la moyenne pression dans un compresseur 3 et est ensuite épuré dans une unité d'épuration 5 pouvant être de tout type connu. L'air est surpressé dans un surpresseur 9, refroidi dans un refroidisseur (non-illustré) et envoyé à la ligne d'échange 7 où il se refroidit partiellement avant d'être envoyé en partie à une turbine Claude 11. Cette turbine peut être une turbine à paliers gaz (statiques ou dynamiques), une turbine sur roulements (à billes ou rouleaux en acier ou en céramiques) ou une turbine à paliers magnétiques. - An air flow 1 is compressed at the medium pressure in a compressor 3 and is then purified in a purification unit 5 can be of any known type. The air is supercharged in a booster 9, cooled in a cooler (not shown) and sent to the exchange line 7 where it cools partially before being sent in part to a Claude turbine 11. This turbine can be a turbine with gas bearings (static or dynamic), a turbine on bearings (with steel or ceramic balls or rollers) or a turbine with magnetic bearings.
- La turbine 11 est montée à au moins 1 mètre du sol, de préférence à au moins 2 mètres du sol ou même à au moins 5 mètres du sol. - The turbine 11 is mounted at least 1 meter from the ground, preferably at least 2 meters from the ground or even at least 5 meters from the ground.
- La turbine 11 peut être est couplée au surpresseur 9. - The turbine 11 may be coupled to the booster 9.
- L'air détendu dans la turbine 11 est envoyé en partie à la colonne moyenne pression 13 et en partie recyclé (débit 43) vers le surpresseur 9. Dans la variante sans cycle tout l'air détendu dans la turbine 11 est envoyé à la colonne moyenne pression. - The air expanded in the turbine 11 is sent in part to the medium pressure column 13 and partly recycled (flow 43) to the booster 9. In the variant without cycle all the air expanded in the turbine 11 is sent to the medium pressure column.
- Des débits de liquide riche 25, de liquide pauvre inférieur 27 et de liquide pauvre supérieur 29 sont envoyés de la colonne moyenne pression 13 à la colonne basse pression 15. Un débit de purge est soutiré du vaporiseurcondenseur 17 reliant les deux colonnes. - Flow rates of rich liquid 25, lower lean liquid 27 and upper lean liquid 29 are sent from the medium pressure column 13 to the low pressure column 15. A purge flow is withdrawn from the condenser vaporizer 17 connecting the two columns.
- De l'azote pur 31 est soutiré en tête du minaret, de l'azote résiduaire 33 d'en dessous du minaret et de l'oxygène gazeux 35 de la cuve de la colonne basse pression. Ces trois débits de réchauffent dans la ligne d'échange 7. Une partie de l'azote résiduaire sert à la régénération suite à une étape de réchauffage. Pure nitrogen 31 is withdrawn at the top of the minaret, residual nitrogen 33 from below the minaret and oxygen gas 35 from the bottom of the low pressure column. These three flow rates heat up in the exchange line 7. Part of the waste nitrogen is used for regeneration following a reheating step.
2860576 - L'appareil produit de l'azote liquide 39 en tête de la colonne moyenne pression et de l'oxygène liquide 41 en cuve de la colonne basse pression. 2860576 - The device produces liquid nitrogen 39 at the top of the medium pressure column and liquid oxygen 41 in the bottom of the low pressure column.
La figure 3 montre un appareil de séparation d'air par distillation 5 cryogénique. Figure 3 shows an apparatus for air separation by cryogenic distillation.
- Un débit d'air 1 est comprimé à la moyenne pression dans un compresseur 3 et est ensuite épuré dans une unité d'épuration 5 pouvant être de tout type connu. L'air se refroidit en traversant la ligne d'échange 7 et est envoyé en cuve de la colonne moyenne pression 13 sous forme gazeuse. - An air flow 1 is compressed at the medium pressure in a compressor 3 and is then purified in a purification unit 5 can be of any known type. The air cools by crossing the exchange line 7 and is sent to the bottom of the medium pressure column 13 in gaseous form.
lo - Des débits de liquide riche 25, de liquide pauvre inférieur 27 et de liquide pauvre supérieur 29 sont envoyés de la colonne moyenne pression 13 à la colonne basse pression 15. Un débit de purge est soutiré du vaporiseurcondenseur 17 reliant les deux colonnes. Lo flows of rich liquid 25, lower lean liquid 27 and upper lean liquid 29 are sent from the medium pressure column 13 to the low pressure column 15. A purge flow is withdrawn from the condenser vaporizer 17 connecting the two columns.
- De l'azote pur 31 est soutiré en tête du minaret, de l'azote résiduaire 33 d'en dessous du minaret et de l'oxygène gazeux 35 de la cuve de la colonne basse pression. Ces trois débits de réchauffent dans la ligne d'échange 7. Une partie de l'azote résiduaire sert à la régénération suite à une étape de réchauffage. Pure nitrogen 31 is withdrawn at the top of the minaret, residual nitrogen 33 from below the minaret and oxygen gas 35 from the bottom of the low pressure column. These three flow rates heat up in the exchange line 7. Part of the waste nitrogen is used for regeneration following a reheating step.
- De l'azote moyenne pression 45 se réchauffe partiellement dans la ligne d'échange avant d'être détendu dans la turbine 11. Cette turbine peut être une turbine à paliers gaz (statiques ou dynamiques), une turbine sur roulements (à billes ou rouleaux en acier ou en céramiques) ou une turbine à paliers magnétiques. La turbine 11 est montée à au moins 1 mètre du sol, de préférence à au moins 2 mètres du sol ou même à au moins 5 mètres du sol. - Nitrogen medium pressure 45 partially warms in the exchange line before being expanded in the turbine 11. This turbine may be a gas turbine stage (static or dynamic), a turbine on bearings (ball or steel or ceramic rolls) or a magnetic bearing turbine. The turbine 11 is mounted at least 1 meter from the ground, preferably at least 2 meters from the ground or even at least 5 meters from the ground.
L'azote détendu est mélangé avec l'azote résiduaire 33. The expanded nitrogen is mixed with the residual nitrogen 33.
- Alternativement si la colonne basse pression 15 opère sous une pression suffisamment élevée, il est possible de détendre un débit d'azote basse pression dans la turbine. Alternatively, if the low pressure column operates at a sufficiently high pressure, it is possible to relax a low pressure nitrogen flow in the turbine.
II sera aisément compris que les appareils concernés peuvent comprendre toute combinaison possible de turbines Claude, turbines d'insufflation et turbines d'azote, à condition qu'au moins une de ces turbines soit une turbine à paliers gaz (statiques ou dynamiques), une turbine sur 6 2860576 roulements (à billes ou rouleaux en acier ou en céramiques) ou une turbine à paliers magnétiques. It will be readily understood that the apparatuses concerned may comprise any possible combination of Claude turbines, blowing turbines and nitrogen turbines, provided that at least one of these turbines is a gas turbine (static or dynamic), turbine on 6 2860576 bearings (ball or roll steel or ceramic) or a turbine with magnetic bearings.
L'invention n'est évidemment pas limitée aux procédés utilisant une colonne à minaret. Elle s'applique à tout type de procédé de séparation d'air 5 utilisant une turbine de détente, y compris les procédés dits à pompe. The invention is obviously not limited to methods using a minaret column. It applies to any type of air separation process using an expansion turbine, including so-called pump processes.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0350630A FR2860576A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2003-10-01 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS MIXTURE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION |
| PCT/FR2004/050450 WO2005033600A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2004-09-21 | Device and method for cryogenically separating a gas mixture |
| US10/573,903 US20070000282A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2004-09-21 | Device and method for cryogenically seperating a gas mixture |
| EP04817100A EP1671070A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2004-09-21 | Device and method for cryogenically separating a gas mixture |
| CNA2004800285674A CN1860339A (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2004-09-21 | Device and method for cryogenically separating a gas mixture |
| JP2006530448A JP2007507682A (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2004-09-21 | Apparatus and method for cryogenic separation of gas mixtures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0350630A FR2860576A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2003-10-01 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS MIXTURE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2860576A1 true FR2860576A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 |
Family
ID=34307552
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0350630A Withdrawn FR2860576A1 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2003-10-01 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING A GAS MIXTURE BY CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070000282A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1671070A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007507682A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1860339A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2860576A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005033600A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106949708B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2020-02-11 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Method for improving low-pressure pure nitrogen yield by modifying original low-temperature air separation device |
| JP7360909B2 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-10-13 | 東洋エンジニアリング株式会社 | Hydrogen separation method and hydrogen separation device |
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| US6261061B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-07-17 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Method and apparatus for mounting a bearing |
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| JPH0340022U (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-04-17 | ||
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- 2004-09-21 JP JP2006530448A patent/JP2007507682A/en active Pending
- 2004-09-21 EP EP04817100A patent/EP1671070A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-09-21 US US10/573,903 patent/US20070000282A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-21 CN CNA2004800285674A patent/CN1860339A/en active Pending
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| US3070966A (en) * | 1960-04-04 | 1963-01-01 | Superior Air Products Co | Production of oxygen |
| US4808070A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-02-28 | Fonda Bonardi G | Fluid bearing |
| US5248239A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1993-09-28 | Acd, Inc. | Thrust control system for fluid handling rotary apparatus |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1860339A (en) | 2006-11-08 |
| JP2007507682A (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| US20070000282A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
| WO2005033600A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| EP1671070A1 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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