FR2838603A1 - Metal post for supporting wires, up which vines are grown, comprises L-section profile with inwardly-curving lips on ends of its arms, hooks being fitted on post with sections which fix them inside lips - Google Patents
Metal post for supporting wires, up which vines are grown, comprises L-section profile with inwardly-curving lips on ends of its arms, hooks being fitted on post with sections which fix them inside lips Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2838603A1 FR2838603A1 FR0205061A FR0205061A FR2838603A1 FR 2838603 A1 FR2838603 A1 FR 2838603A1 FR 0205061 A FR0205061 A FR 0205061A FR 0205061 A FR0205061 A FR 0205061A FR 2838603 A1 FR2838603 A1 FR 2838603A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- retention
- stake according
- longitudinal
- transverse
- intended
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000277301 Esociformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/06—Trellis-work
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La presente invention a pour objet un piques metallique utiliseThe present invention relates to a metal picks used
dans la vigne pour le soutien et la fixation de fils da palissage. in the vineyard for the support and fixing of trellising wires.
L' operation de palissage est destinee a guider la vigne lors de la pousse. On utilise a cet effet des fils tendus entre des piquets et sur lesquels on attache la vegetation. On connait deja de nombreux types de piques de vigne. Les piquets de vigne vent soit en bois, soit en metal. Les plus repandus vent les piquets en metal, qui peuvent consister en des cornieres et The trellising operation is intended to guide the vine during the growth. For this purpose we use wires stretched between stakes and on which we attach the vegetation. We already know many types of vine pikes. The vine stakes are either wooden or metal. The most common are metal stakes, which can consist of angles and
T ou en L en fer, ou en des profiles en aluminium ou analogue. T or L in iron, or in aluminum or similar profiles.
Les piquets doivent comporter des moyens permettant l'accrochage des fils de palissage, tels que des millets ou des crochets. Dans le cas de piquets en bois les moyens d'accrochage vent The stakes must include means allowing the hanging of the trellising wires, such as millets or hooks. In the case of wooden stakes, the wind hanging means
solidarises par clouage et/ou vissage. secured by nailing and / or screwing.
Dans le cas de piquets metalliques ces moyens d'accrochage vent generalement usines par enlevement de matiere, ou par deformation, ce qui en augmente le cout de fabrication. D'autre part, le positionnement de ces moyens d'accrochage est fige des la fabrication ce qui ne permet pas ou peu d'ajustement, alors qu'il peut 8tre important de modifier la configuration des piquets au gre In the case of metal stakes, these hooking means are generally made by removing material, or by deformation, which increases the manufacturing cost. On the other hand, the positioning of these fastening means is frozen from the manufacturing which does not allow or little adjustment, while it may be important to modify the configuration of the stakes in the gre
de ['evolution de la vegetation.of the evolution of vegetation.
La presente invention a pour but de proposer un piques metallique utilise dans la vigne pour le soutien et la fixation de The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal pick used in the vine for the support and fixing of
fils de palissage permettant de remedier a ces divers inconvenients. trellising wires making it possible to remedy these various drawbacks.
Le piques metallique utilise dans la vigne pour le soutien et la fixation de fils de palissage selon l' invention est de type profile de section en L c'est-a-dire qu'il comporte deux ailes faisant entre elles un angle, et il se caracterise essentiellement en ce qu'il comporte des moyens longitudinaux de retention transversale apses a permettre le coincement, interieurement auxdites ailes, d'un moyen d'accrochage de fil de palissage dont la partie destinee a l'accrochage deborde vers l'exterieur desdites ailes. Selon une caracteristique additionnelle du piques selon l' invention, le moyen d'accrochage de fil de palissage comporte une partie apte a 8tre comprimee dans le sens transversal et a tendre a reprendre sa forme initiale en sorte d' assurer son coincement dans The metal picks used in the vine for the support and fixing of trellising wires according to the invention is of the L-section profile type, that is to say that it has two wings making an angle between them, and it is essentially characterized in that it comprises longitudinal means of transverse retention apt to allow the wedging, internally to said wings, of a means of attachment of trellising wire whose part intended for attachment extends beyond towards the exterior of said wings. According to an additional characteristic of the spades according to the invention, the means for hooking the trellising wire comprises a part capable of being compressed in the transverse direction and of tending to resume its initial shape so as to ensure its wedging in
les moyens longitudinaux de retention transversale. the longitudinal means of transverse retention.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du dispositif selon l' invention, les moyens longitudinaux de retention transversale vent apses a permettre le coulissement longitudinal d'un moyen d'accrochage dont la partie apte a etre comprimee dans le According to another additional characteristic of the device according to the invention, the longitudinal transverse retention means are able to allow the longitudinal sliding of a fastening means, the part of which capable of being compressed in the
sens transversal est comprimee.transverse direction is compressed.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du piques selon l' invention, les bords extremes des deux ailes comportent chacun longitudinalement un rebord apte a constituer avec l'aile qui le comporte la moitie d'une glissiere constituent egalement les moyens According to another additional characteristic of the spades according to the invention, the extreme edges of the two wings each have longitudinally a flange capable of constituting with the wing which comprises it half of a slide also constitute the means
longitudinaux de retention transversale. longitudinal transverse retention.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du piques selon According to another additional characteristic of the spades according to
['invention, les deux rebords vent sensiblement dans le meme plan. [Invention, the two edges wind substantially in the same plane.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du piques selon l' invention, le moyen d'accrochage est realise en fil metallique According to another additional characteristic of the spades according to the invention, the attachment means is made of metal wire
plie, de qualite ressort.folded, spring quality.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du dispositif selon l' invention, la partie apte a etre comprimee dans le sens transversal comprend deux pastes d'appui destinees a cooperer avec les moyens longitudinaux de retention transversale, et reliees par un segment intermediaire susceptible de flechir en sorte de faire According to another additional characteristic of the device according to the invention, the part capable of being compressed in the transverse direction comprises two support steps intended to cooperate with the longitudinal means of transverse retention, and connected by an intermediate segment capable of bending so to do
varier de maniere reversible la distance separant lesdites pastes. vary reversibly the distance between said pastes.
Selon une autre caracteristique additionnelle du dispositif selon l' invention, la partie destinee a l'accrochage consiste en au moins une boucle de retention ou un crochet de soutien qui deborde According to another additional characteristic of the device according to the invention, the part intended for attachment consists of at least one retention loop or a support hook which projects beyond
le bord extreme d'au moins une aile. the extreme edge of at least one wing.
Selon un mode de real is ation parti culier dl di spos i tif selon l' invention, la partie destinee a l'accrochage consiste en une boucle de retention ou un crochet de soutien qui deborde vers According to a particular embodiment of the particular dl di spos i tif according to the invention, the part intended for hanging consists of a retention loop or a support hook which overflows towards
l'exterieur le plan contenant les bords extremes des ailes. outside the plane containing the extreme edges of the wings.
Ce mode de realisation est particulierement reserve pour une utilisation avec des piquets plantes en sorte que le plan contenant les bords extremes des ailes de ceux-ci soit parallele aux fils de This embodiment is particularly reserved for use with plant stakes so that the plane containing the extreme edges of the wings thereof is parallel to the wires of
palissage.trellising.
On notera que des piquets ainsi plantes et ainsi equipes peuvent etre utilises dans un autre domaine que celui du palissage, It will be noted that stakes thus planted and thus equipped can be used in a field other than that of trellising,
pour la pose d'un grillage par exemple. for the installation of a mesh for example.
Les avantages et les caracteristiques du dispositif selon The advantages and characteristics of the device according to
S l' invention, ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit If the invention will emerge more clearly from the description which follows
et qui se rapporte au dessin annexe, lequel en represente un mode de and which relates to the accompanying drawing, which represents a mode of
realisation non limitatif.non-limiting realization.
Dans le dessin annexe: - la figure 1 represente une w e schematique partielle en In the accompanying drawing: - Figure 1 represents a partial schematic
elevation d'un piques selon l' invention. elevation of a spades according to the invention.
- la figure 2 represente une vue schematique en coupe - Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view
transversale du meme piques.transverse of the same spades.
En reference a ces figures, on peut voir qu'un piques selon l' invention comprend un profile 1 de section en L, c'est-a-dire qutil comporte deux ailes 2 et 3 faisant entre elles un angle, en With reference to these figures, it can be seen that a spades according to the invention comprises a profile 1 of L-shaped section, that is to say that it has two wings 2 and 3 making an angle between them, in
l' occurrence un angle droit comme cela est visible sur la figure 2. the occurrence a right angle as seen in Figure 2.
L'aile 2, respectivement l'aile 3, comporte au niveau de son bord extreme 20, respectivement 30, un rebord 21, respectivement 31, plie vers l'interieur. De maniere preferentielle, les rebords 21 et 31 fond avec leur aile respective 2 et 3, un angle tel qu'ils soient The wing 2, respectively the wing 3, has at its extreme edge 20, respectively 30, a flange 21, respectively 31, folds inwards. Preferably, the edges 21 and 31 bottom with their respective wing 2 and 3, an angle such that they are
sensiblement dans le meme plan.substantially in the same plane.
Le rebord 21 et l'aile 2 definissent du cote interne au profile 1 une gorge 22, tandis que de la meme maniere le rebord 31 et l'aile 3 definissent du cote interne au profile 1 une gorge 32, les deux The rim 21 and the wing 2 define the internal side of the profile 1 a groove 22, while in the same way the rim 31 and the wing 3 define the internal side of the profile 1 a groove 32, both
gorges 22 et 32 definissant une glissiere. grooves 22 and 32 defining a slide.
En reference plus particulierement a la figure 1, on peut voir trots moyens d'accrochage 4, 5 et 6 destines au soutien et/ou a la fixation de fils de palissage F. et realises en fil metallique plie Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, we can see three attachment means 4, 5 and 6 intended for supporting and / or fixing trellis wires F. and produced in folded metal wire
de qualite ressort.spring quality.
Le moyen d'accrochage 4 comporte une partie 40 destinee a la solidarisation au profile 1. Cette partie 40 comporte deux pastes d'appui 41 et 42 sensiblement paralleles reliees l'une a l'autre par un segment intermediaire 43 presentant un pli median 44. La longueur du segment intermediaire 43 est choisie en sorte que les pastes d'appui 41 et 42 soient separees d'une distance legerement superieure celle separant le fond 23 de la gorge 22 et le fond 33 de The attachment means 4 comprises a part 40 intended for securing to the profile 1. This part 40 comprises two support steps 41 and 42 substantially parallel connected to each other by an intermediate segment 43 having a median fold 44 The length of the intermediate segment 43 is chosen so that the support pastes 41 and 42 are separated by a distance slightly greater than that separating the bottom 23 of the groove 22 and the bottom 33 of
la gorge 32.throat 32.
Par la flexion du segment intermediaire 43, grace au pli median 44, la partie 40 peut etre engagee dans les gorges 22 et 32, par ses S pastes respectivement 41 et 42, et y etre bloquee du fait du retour By bending the intermediate segment 43, thanks to the middle fold 44, the part 40 can be engaged in the grooves 22 and 32, by its S pastes 41 and 42 respectively, and be blocked there due to the return
elastique du segment intermediaire 43. elastic of the intermediate segment 43.
Le moyen d'accrochage 4 comprend egalement une partie d'accrochage 45, qui consiste en une boucle 46 creee a l'extremite d'un segment 47 partant en angle de l'extremite de la paste 42 et sortant de la gorge 32 du profile 1 pour stetendre au-dela du bord The hooking means 4 also comprises a hooking part 45, which consists of a loop 46 created at the end of a segment 47 starting at an angle from the end of the paste 42 and leaving the groove 32 of the profile 1 to extend beyond the edge
de l'aile 2.wing 2.
Le moyen d'accrochage 5 presente sensiblement les memes caracteristiques, a savoir qu'il comporte une partie 50 destinee a la solidarisation au profile 1, comprenant deux pastes paralleles 51 et 52 reliees par un segment 53 muni d'un pli median 54. Il comporte egalement une partie d'accrochage 55 qui consiste en un segment 56 prolongeant la paste 51 et s'etendant au-dela du bord 20 de l'aile 2, et en un segment 57 prolongeant la paste 52 et s'etendant au-dela du bord 30 de l'aile 3. Les extremites libres des segments 56 et 57 vent pliees en sorte de former des crochets respectivement 58 et 59 apses a realiser le soutien de fils de palissage F amovibles tels The attachment means 5 has substantially the same characteristics, namely that it comprises a part 50 intended for securing to the profile 1, comprising two parallel pastes 51 and 52 connected by a segment 53 provided with a median fold 54. It also includes a hooking portion 55 which consists of a segment 56 extending the paste 51 and extending beyond the edge 20 of the wing 2, and a segment 57 extending the paste 52 and extending beyond from the edge 30 of the wing 3. The free ends of the segments 56 and 57 are folded so as to form hooks respectively 58 and 59 which are capable of supporting the removable trellising wires F such as
que des fils dits releveurs.only so-called lifters.
On notera que dans une variante, il est possible de prevoir des segments 56 et 57 de grande longueur, presentant chacun en extremite un millet destine au passage d'un fil dit releveur, et au moins un moyen de solidarisation d'une extremite a l'autre, afin de creer un ecarteur de fils du type de celui decrit dans le document EP 0876756 It will be noted that in a variant, it is possible to provide segments 56 and 57 of great length, each having at the end a millet intended for the passage of a so-called take-up wire, and at least one means of securing from one end to the other, in order to create a wire spreader of the type described in document EP 0876756
au nom de la Demanderesse.in the name of the Applicant.
Le moyen d'accrochage 6 comporte une partie 60 destinee a la solidarisation au profile 1, qui comprend deux pastes paralleles 61 et 62 destinees a cooperer avec les fonds 23 et 33 des gorges 22 et 32, et reliees par une partie d'accrochage 63 se presentant sous la forme d'un crochet 64 de forme apte a assurer une certaine elasticite dans le sens transversal, et faisant saillie vers l'exterieur du plan des rebords 21 et 31, en sorte de permettre la fixation ou le soutien d'un fil de palissage F passant parallelement s a ce plan. Bien entendu, le profile l est oriente en consequence, et The attachment means 6 comprises a part 60 intended for securing to profile 1, which comprises two parallel pastes 61 and 62 intended to cooperate with the bottoms 23 and 33 of the grooves 22 and 32, and connected by a hooking part 63 in the form of a hook 64 of shape capable of ensuring a certain elasticity in the transverse direction, and projecting towards the outside of the plane of the flanges 21 and 31, so as to allow the fixing or the support of a trellising wire F passing parallel to this plane. Of course, the profile l is oriented accordingly, and
un tel piques peut etre utilise pour le maintien d'un grillage. such a spike can be used to maintain a wire mesh.
On notera que d' autres moyens d' accrochage vent realisables, presentant differentes formes, que ce soit en ce qui concerne la partie destinee a la solidarisation au profile l, ou que ce soit au It will be noted that other means of hooking wind achievable, having different shapes, either with regard to the part intended for securing to profile l, or either at
niveau de la partie d'accrochage.level of the attachment part.
Le piques selon l' invention presente de nombreux avantages. Il est en effet aise de deplacer verticalement dans le profile l, en The picks according to the invention have numerous advantages. It is indeed easy to move vertically in the profile l, in
vue d'un positionnement precis, les moyens d'accrochage 4 ou 5. view of a precise positioning, the attachment means 4 or 5.
Il est egalement aise d'equiper un profile l d'un ou de plusieurs moyens d'accrochage disposes en des endroits particuliers It is also easy to equip a profile l with one or more hooking means arranged in particular places
pour obtenir a moindre cout un piques sur mesure. to obtain a tailor-made spades at lower cost.
Il est egalement aise de modifier la configuration d'un piques, en modifiant l' emplacement des moyens d'accrochage et/ou en It is also easy to modify the configuration of a spades, by modifying the location of the hooking means and / or by
remplacant ceux-ci par d'autres.replacing these with others.
Il va de soi que la presente invention ne saurait etre limitee It goes without saying that the present invention cannot be limited
a la description qui precede de plusieurs de ses modes de to the foregoing description of several of its modes of
realisation, susceptibles de subir quelques modifications sans pour realization, likely to undergo some modifications without for
autant sortir du cadre de l' invention. as well leave the framework of the invention.
. 6 2838603. 6 2838603
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0205061A FR2838603B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | METAL STAKE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0205061A FR2838603B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | METAL STAKE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2838603A1 true FR2838603A1 (en) | 2003-10-24 |
| FR2838603B1 FR2838603B1 (en) | 2004-09-24 |
Family
ID=28686284
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0205061A Expired - Fee Related FR2838603B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | METAL STAKE |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2838603B1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2898768A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-28 | Alain Perchat | Metal stake type vine tieing in device for e.g. supporting growth of vine, has guiding unit permitting spacer to take closed position by sliding branch of spacer along edges of fins, and immobilization unit coinciding spacer inside fins |
| EP2002708A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-17 | M. Patrick Julien | Metal peg shaped like an angle iron for holding wire for supporting tree branches and manufacturing method |
| EP2428111A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-14 | Julien SA | Support for a lifting wire on a profiled post with pawls |
| FR2998446A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Dmp Concept | Rigid PVC side trim for use on metallic stakes in wines, has sides, where angle between sides is lower than angle of metal corner, holding device holds vegetation placed on sides of stakes, and trim engages outer shape of stakes |
| DE202015104522U1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2016-10-24 | Alfred Fuchs | Profile bar for wine, fruit or vegetable cultivation |
| WO2017145184A1 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | Franco Bortolussi | Support device for a carrying wire of a row of plants on a support pole |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3807089A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1974-04-30 | Kaiser Steel Corp | Plant trellis system and stake support therefor |
| US4270737A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1981-06-02 | Binns Fencing Limited | Securing fencing material to posts |
| EP0072420B1 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1986-01-29 | Manfred Gebhardt | Device for supporting tension wires for use in viticulture and fruit growing |
| FR2601846A1 (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-01-29 | Casters Denis | Sectional profile for vine stakes |
| FR2606589A1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-20 | Oddos Yves | Training device: stake, tie and joining pieces |
-
2002
- 2002-04-23 FR FR0205061A patent/FR2838603B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3807089A (en) * | 1971-12-06 | 1974-04-30 | Kaiser Steel Corp | Plant trellis system and stake support therefor |
| US4270737A (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1981-06-02 | Binns Fencing Limited | Securing fencing material to posts |
| EP0072420B1 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1986-01-29 | Manfred Gebhardt | Device for supporting tension wires for use in viticulture and fruit growing |
| FR2601846A1 (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1988-01-29 | Casters Denis | Sectional profile for vine stakes |
| FR2606589A1 (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-20 | Oddos Yves | Training device: stake, tie and joining pieces |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2898768A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-28 | Alain Perchat | Metal stake type vine tieing in device for e.g. supporting growth of vine, has guiding unit permitting spacer to take closed position by sliding branch of spacer along edges of fins, and immobilization unit coinciding spacer inside fins |
| EP2002708A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-17 | M. Patrick Julien | Metal peg shaped like an angle iron for holding wire for supporting tree branches and manufacturing method |
| FR2917267A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-19 | Patrick Julien | CORNIERE SHAPED METAL PIN FOR THE BRANCHES SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME. |
| EP2428111A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-14 | Julien SA | Support for a lifting wire on a profiled post with pawls |
| FR2998446A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | Dmp Concept | Rigid PVC side trim for use on metallic stakes in wines, has sides, where angle between sides is lower than angle of metal corner, holding device holds vegetation placed on sides of stakes, and trim engages outer shape of stakes |
| DE202015104522U1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2016-10-24 | Alfred Fuchs | Profile bar for wine, fruit or vegetable cultivation |
| EP3120694A1 (en) | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-25 | Alfred Fuchs | Slat for wine, fruit or vegetable cultivation |
| WO2017145184A1 (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | Franco Bortolussi | Support device for a carrying wire of a row of plants on a support pole |
| US11185019B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2021-11-30 | Franco Bortolussi | Support device for a carrying wire of a row of plants on a support pole |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2838603B1 (en) | 2004-09-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |
Effective date: 20051230 |