FR2828708B1 - Procede ultrasonique auto etalonne de mesure in situ des proprietes acoustiques d'un fluide de forage - Google Patents

Procede ultrasonique auto etalonne de mesure in situ des proprietes acoustiques d'un fluide de forage

Info

Publication number
FR2828708B1
FR2828708B1 FR0210116A FR0210116A FR2828708B1 FR 2828708 B1 FR2828708 B1 FR 2828708B1 FR 0210116 A FR0210116 A FR 0210116A FR 0210116 A FR0210116 A FR 0210116A FR 2828708 B1 FR2828708 B1 FR 2828708B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
drilling fluid
acoustic properties
ultrasonic method
situ measurement
automatic ultrasonic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR0210116A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2828708A1 (fr
Inventor
Mandal Batakrishna
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services Inc filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services Inc
Publication of FR2828708A1 publication Critical patent/FR2828708A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2828708B1 publication Critical patent/FR2828708B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/46Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/003Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/02Analysing fluids
    • G01N29/024Analysing fluids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4418Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with a model, e.g. best-fit, regression analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818Density, viscosity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/045External reflections, e.g. on reflectors

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
FR0210116A 2001-08-09 2002-08-08 Procede ultrasonique auto etalonne de mesure in situ des proprietes acoustiques d'un fluide de forage Expired - Fee Related FR2828708B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/927,067 US6712138B2 (en) 2001-08-09 2001-08-09 Self-calibrated ultrasonic method of in-situ measurement of borehole fluid acoustic properties

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2828708A1 FR2828708A1 (fr) 2003-02-21
FR2828708B1 true FR2828708B1 (fr) 2005-04-29

Family

ID=25454116

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR0210116A Expired - Fee Related FR2828708B1 (fr) 2001-08-09 2002-08-08 Procede ultrasonique auto etalonne de mesure in situ des proprietes acoustiques d'un fluide de forage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US6712138B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3839376B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002300195B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0203116A (fr)
CA (1) CA2397171C (fr)
FR (1) FR2828708B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2379979B (fr)
NO (1) NO20023759L (fr)

Families Citing this family (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040095847A1 (en) * 2002-11-18 2004-05-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Acoustic devices to measure ultrasound velocity in drilling mud
US20060201714A1 (en) * 2003-11-26 2006-09-14 Seams Douglas P Well bore cleaning
US20060062082A1 (en) * 2004-09-23 2006-03-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating acoustic signal with single mode of propagation
US7353877B2 (en) * 2004-12-21 2008-04-08 Cdx Gas, Llc Accessing subterranean resources by formation collapse
CA2610622A1 (fr) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-07 Cdx Gas, Llc Procede et systeme de forage de puits de forage
US7523640B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2009-04-28 Baker Hughes Incorporated Acoustic fluid analyzer
US9109433B2 (en) 2005-08-01 2015-08-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Early kick detection in an oil and gas well
US7614302B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2009-11-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Acoustic fluid analysis method
US8794062B2 (en) * 2005-08-01 2014-08-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Early kick detection in an oil and gas well
US7516655B2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2009-04-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole fluid characterization based on changes in acoustic properties with pressure
US8037747B2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2011-10-18 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole fluid characterization based on changes in acoustic properties
US8467266B2 (en) 2006-06-13 2013-06-18 Seispec, L.L.C. Exploring a subsurface region that contains a target sector of interest
US7382684B2 (en) * 2006-06-13 2008-06-03 Seispec, L.L.C. Method for selective bandlimited data acquisition in subsurface formations
US9879519B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2018-01-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for evaluating downhole conditions through fluid sensing
US9494032B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2016-11-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for evaluating downhole conditions with RFID MEMS sensors
US8302686B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-11-06 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US9394756B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2016-07-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Timeline from slumber to collection of RFID tags in a well environment
US8162050B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-04-24 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US9194207B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2015-11-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Surface wellbore operating equipment utilizing MEMS sensors
US9200500B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2015-12-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of sensors coated with elastomer for subterranean operations
US8297353B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-10-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US9394785B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2016-07-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and apparatus for evaluating downhole conditions through RFID sensing
US9822631B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2017-11-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Monitoring downhole parameters using MEMS
US9732584B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2017-08-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US9394784B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2016-07-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Algorithm for zonal fault detection in a well environment
US10358914B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2019-07-23 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and systems for detecting RFID tags in a borehole environment
US8297352B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-10-30 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US8316936B2 (en) 2007-04-02 2012-11-27 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US8342242B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2013-01-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems MEMS in well treatments
US8291975B2 (en) * 2007-04-02 2012-10-23 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Use of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in well treatments
US20110187556A1 (en) * 2007-04-02 2011-08-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in Well Treatments
WO2009032000A1 (fr) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Transmission de données-énergie par câble monoconducteur
US8794350B2 (en) * 2007-12-19 2014-08-05 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Method for detecting formation pore pressure by detecting pumps-off gas downhole
US20090159334A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Bp Corporation North America, Inc. Method for detecting formation pore pressure by detecting pumps-off gas downhole
GB2461856B (en) * 2008-07-11 2012-12-19 Vetco Gray Controls Ltd Testing of an electronics module
WO2010021622A1 (fr) * 2008-08-21 2010-02-25 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systèmes et procédés de surveillance de qualité de journal automatisée
US8440960B2 (en) * 2008-09-30 2013-05-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Salt concentration logging systems and methods
WO2010039121A1 (fr) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Systèmes et procédés pour évaluer des formations de salinité variable ou inconnue
US7784538B2 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-08-31 Baker Hughes Incorporated Using an acoustic ping and sonic velocity to control an artificial lift device
US9013955B2 (en) * 2008-11-10 2015-04-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for echo-peak detection for circumferential borehole image logging
US8387743B2 (en) 2008-12-05 2013-03-05 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (“HESI”) Systems and methods for acoustically measuring bulk density
US8576659B2 (en) * 2009-03-03 2013-11-05 Baker Hughes Incorporated Method and apparatus for acoustic impedance and P-wave anisotropy measurements
US10041343B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2018-08-07 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Micro-sonic density imaging while drilling systems and methods
US9765609B2 (en) 2009-09-26 2017-09-19 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Downhole optical imaging tools and methods
CN101737035A (zh) * 2009-12-14 2010-06-16 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 连续油管作业井底无线数据传输方法及装置
US20120272743A1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-01 Xiaoqing Sun Method and Apparatus for Laser-Based Non-Contact Three-Dimensional Borehole Stress Measurement and Pristine Stress Estimation
US8824240B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-09-02 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Apparatus and method for measuring the acoustic impedance of wellbore fluids
US9366133B2 (en) 2012-02-21 2016-06-14 Baker Hughes Incorporated Acoustic standoff and mud velocity using a stepped transmitter
CN102877839B (zh) * 2012-10-10 2015-05-20 中国石油天然气集团公司 一种声波换能器及其测井装置
WO2014100262A1 (fr) * 2012-12-19 2014-06-26 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Télémétrie pour transmission électroacoustique sans fil de données le long d'un forage de puits
WO2015020647A1 (fr) 2013-08-07 2015-02-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Communication de données sans fil à haute vitesse à travers une colonne de fluide de puits de forage
US20150096804A1 (en) 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Ultra Analytical Group, LLC Apparatus, System and Method for Measuring the Properties of a Corrosive Liquid
US20150096369A1 (en) * 2013-10-04 2015-04-09 Ultra Analytical Group, LLC Apparatus, System and Method for Measuring the Properties of a Corrosive Liquid
US20150122479A1 (en) * 2013-11-05 2015-05-07 Piezotech, Llc Time of flight through mud
WO2016010517A1 (fr) * 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Calibrage acoustique et analyse de matériaux d'espace annulaire
CN104329078B (zh) * 2014-09-03 2017-06-06 安徽理工大学 一种利用超声波测瓦斯压力的装置及方法
US9739904B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2017-08-22 Baker Hughes Incorporated Three-phase flow identification and rate detection
US9719965B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2017-08-01 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Mud settlement detection technique by non-destructive ultrasonic measurements
US10408052B2 (en) * 2015-05-22 2019-09-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Measuring frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation
JP6391176B2 (ja) * 2015-11-12 2018-09-19 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 診断システム、移動装置、及び診断プログラム
US11530606B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2022-12-20 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Detecting downhole sand ingress locations
US11199084B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2021-12-14 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Detecting downhole events using acoustic frequency domain features
CN107389803B (zh) * 2017-02-20 2020-04-14 大连理工大学 一种液体与固体延迟材料之间声反射系数的测量方法
CN106593417B (zh) * 2017-02-24 2019-11-12 中国石油大学(华东) 井下压力监测系统
EP3583296B1 (fr) 2017-03-31 2021-07-21 BP Exploration Operating Company Limited Surveillance de puits et de surcharge à l'aide de capteurs acoustiques distribués
AU2018321150A1 (en) 2017-08-23 2020-03-12 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited Detecting downhole sand ingress locations
EA202090867A1 (ru) 2017-10-11 2020-09-04 Бп Эксплорейшн Оперейтинг Компани Лимитед Обнаружение событий с использованием признаков в области акустических частот
US11859488B2 (en) 2018-11-29 2024-01-02 Bp Exploration Operating Company Limited DAS data processing to identify fluid inflow locations and fluid type
GB201820331D0 (en) 2018-12-13 2019-01-30 Bp Exploration Operating Co Ltd Distributed acoustic sensing autocalibration
WO2020142073A1 (fr) * 2018-12-31 2020-07-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Modélisation de l'efficacité de retrait de solides pendant des déplacements de fluides de puits de forage
US11359488B2 (en) * 2019-03-12 2022-06-14 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Self-calibrated method of determining borehole fluid acoustic properties
WO2021073741A1 (fr) 2019-10-17 2021-04-22 Lytt Limited Caractérisation de débits entrants de fluide au moyen de mesures de das/dts hybrides
CA3154435C (fr) 2019-10-17 2023-03-28 Lytt Limited Detection d'ecoulement entrant en utilisant de caracteristiques dts
WO2021093974A1 (fr) 2019-11-15 2021-05-20 Lytt Limited Systèmes et procédés d'améliorations du rabattement dans des puits
WO2021249643A1 (fr) 2020-06-11 2021-12-16 Lytt Limited Systèmes et procédés de caractérisation de flux de fluide souterrain
EP4168647A1 (fr) 2020-06-18 2023-04-26 Lytt Limited Formation de modèle d'événement à l'aide de données in situ

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052887A (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-10-11 Standard Oil Company Ultrasonic testing device and method
US4571693A (en) * 1983-03-09 1986-02-18 Nl Industries, Inc. Acoustic device for measuring fluid properties
JPS6138559A (ja) 1984-07-31 1986-02-24 Shimadzu Corp 超音波濃度計
US4709357A (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-11-24 Gearhart Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for acoustically investigating a borehole casing cement bond
US4928269A (en) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-22 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Determining impedance of material behind a casing in a borehole
FR2646513B1 (fr) * 1989-04-26 1991-09-20 Schlumberger Prospection Procede et dispositif de diagraphie pour l'inspection acoustique d'un sondage muni d'un tubage
US5031467A (en) * 1989-12-11 1991-07-16 Shell Oil Company Pulse echo technique for detecting fluid flow
EP0483491B1 (fr) 1990-09-28 1995-07-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif à ultrasons pour mesurer la densité spécifique d'un fluide
US6041861A (en) 1997-12-17 2000-03-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Method to determine self-calibrated circumferential cased bond impedance
US6050141A (en) * 1998-08-28 2000-04-18 Computalog Research, Inc. Method and apparatus for acoustic logging of fluid density and wet cement plugs in boreholes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2828708A1 (fr) 2003-02-21
AU2002300195B2 (en) 2005-07-14
US6957700B2 (en) 2005-10-25
GB2379979A (en) 2003-03-26
CA2397171C (fr) 2006-06-27
GB2379979B (en) 2005-04-13
US20040128072A1 (en) 2004-07-01
CA2397171A1 (fr) 2003-02-09
US20030029241A1 (en) 2003-02-13
JP2003155886A (ja) 2003-05-30
NO20023759D0 (no) 2002-08-08
GB0218443D0 (en) 2002-09-18
BR0203116A (pt) 2003-05-27
JP3839376B2 (ja) 2006-11-01
NO20023759L (no) 2003-02-10
US6712138B2 (en) 2004-03-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2828708B1 (fr) Procede ultrasonique auto etalonne de mesure in situ des proprietes acoustiques d'un fluide de forage
FR2863651B1 (fr) Systeme et procede de capteur d'outil de forage
DE60208578D1 (de) Vorrichtung zum verrohren eines teiles des bohrloches
DE60214735D1 (de) Einrichtung und verfahren zur beurteilung des befindens eines hundes durch ruflautcharakteranalyse
FR2899288B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour la compression d'un fluide multiphasique
DE60103781D1 (de) Methode und system zur bestimmung der schallgeschwindigkeit eines fluides in einer leitung
NO20030980D0 (no) Fremgangsmåte for å bestemme fluidströmning
FR2811079B1 (fr) Capteur pour detecter la temperature d'un fluide
FR2858303B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede de delivrance d'un fluide
FR2846503B1 (fr) Procede de determination des parametres optimaux d'une acquisition de radiographie
DE60100526D1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen einer dynamischen Veränderung sowie Ultraschall-Diagnosegerät
FR2829235B1 (fr) Dispositif de jeaugeage d'un fluide
FR2820823B1 (fr) Methode et dispositif pour evaluer en cours de forage la capacite de fluides de puits a former des hydrates
FR2866585B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour la reparation de dentures d'engrenages
FR2820206B1 (fr) Procede de detection de l'entartrage de la cuve d'un chauffe-eau
DK1092003T3 (da) Borevæske omfattende en smöresammensætning og fremgangsmåde for at verificere smöring fra en borevæske samt anvendelse til væsker med en höj pH-værdi
FR2844880B1 (fr) PROCEDE PERMETTANT D'EVALUER LA REPONSE TEMPORELLE D'UN CAPTEUR DE NOx
FR2901150B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede pour decolmater la membrane d'un dispositif de filtration tangentielle d'un fluide
FR2845705B1 (fr) Procede pour renforcer les fondations d'un pylone
FR2792727B1 (fr) Methode et dispositif pour la determination du coefficient de joule-thomson d'un fluide
DZ3035A1 (fr) Procédé pour l'amélioration du signal susmique de l'outil utilisant les paramétres de forage.
FR2816350B1 (fr) Methode de determination d'un profil thermique d'un fluide de forage dans un puits
FR2849770B1 (fr) Prothese de hanche et procede de determination de la hauteur d'une prothese de hanche
FR2864339B1 (fr) Dispositif et procede d'observation d'une interface de collage
FR2823028B1 (fr) Procede de determination du couple d'entrainement d'un alternateur

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20090430