FR2821578A1 - TOOL, IN PARTICULAR FORCEPS OR WRENCHES, OF WHICH THE TIGHTENING Jaws ARE TOOTHED - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool (1), especially an adjustable spanner or pliers, comprising, in particular, a pair of arms (2, 3) terminating in two clamping jaws (4, 5) which can be adjusted according to the dimensions of the piece (25, 27, 28, etc.) to be clamped. The transverse parts of the opposing jaws are profiled such that each central area thereof is provided with two surfaces (7, 8 and 9, 11) that are inclined on a longitudinal jaw-closing centre axis. Said surfaces, together with the two opposing surfaces, define a parallelogram. Complementary sets of teeth (12, 13; 16, 17) are arranged in the distal and proximal parts (4a, 5a) of the aforementioned surfaces. At least one of the surfaces (7, 9) of the parallelogram is interrupted and connected to one set of said complementary teeth (13, 16). In this way, said complementary teeth, together with the other set of complementary teeth on the opposing clamping jaw, define a crevice (19, 21) forming a recess which is disposed alongside the parallelogram. This arrangement considerably improves the tool's effectiveness at gripping pieces having small and medium diameters, removing all risk of said pieces sliding or falling from the clamping jaws.

Description

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 The present invention relates to a tool, in particular a variable-opening wrench or pliers of the type comprising a pair of branches terminated by two respective clamping jaws adjustable according to the dimensions of a part to be grasped.

 The faces of the jaws opposite are profiled so as to each present in their central zone, two faces inclined on a longitudinal longitudinal axis of closure, which delimit with the two faces vis-à-vis substantially a parallelogram. Complementary teeth are arranged in the distal and proximal parts of these faces.

 Tools of this type are described in patent FR-2,786,119, the American patent Des. 398,497 and American patent 3,894,451. In these known pliers, two opposite faces of the parallelogram are smooth while the other two opposite faces are toothed.

 Patent FR-2,581,335 also describes a clamp with adjustable jaws in which the faces of the clamping jaws delimit a parallelogram whose four sides are toothed. The same is true of patent DE-4,000,883, which also provides for the possibility of bending the faces of the parallelogram.

 It has been found that with these known pliers, the only practically usable positions for clamping the parts of small diameter or of small thickness are located in front or behind the recesses formed by the parallelogram formed in the central zone between the jaws. This results in difficulties in stabilizing small parts, in particular pins and pins, which tend in particular to be ejected from the clamp.

 The invention therefore aims to provide a tool such as pliers or a wrench, whose profile of the facing faces of the clamping jaws is modified so as to allow clamping of small parts more stable than with anterior pliers, while also advantageously adapting to medium and large diameters, as well as to hexagonal tubes or nuts and to shapes of parts other than tubes, for example contoured heating fittings circular with diametrically opposite projections.

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 According to the invention, at least one of the faces of the parallelogram is interrupted and connected to one of said complementary teeth, delimiting with the other said complementary teeth of the jaw opposite a break which forms a recess extending the parallelogram.

 Thus, this or these broken parts make it possible to accommodate parts of small diameters there with better grip and more satisfactory stability against the risks of slipping and ejection from the jaws of the clamp.

 According to other characteristics of the invention: - the break is arranged in the front part, or distal of the jaws; - The break can be made in the rear part, or proximal of the jaws; - A break is arranged in the front or distal part of the jaws, and a second break arranged in the rear or proximal part of the jaws; - The break is arranged at the rear of the jaws, on the proximal face of the upper jaw; - The break can be arranged in the front part on the distal face of the lower jaw; - The front break extends over a length less than that of the break of the rear part; - the upper distal face and the lower proximal face of the parallelogram are toothed; - The lower distal face and the upper proximal face of the respective jaws are smooth; - The lower distal face and the upper proximal face of the respective jaws are toothed; - In the face of the front break connected to a contiguous face of the parallelogram, are arranged teeth inclined towards the parallelogram; - Said teeth have a height greater than that of the teeth of the distal ends of the jaws; - In the face of the rear breakage connected to a contiguous face of the parallelogram, are arranged teeth inclined towards the parallelogram; - Said teeth have a height greater than that of the teeth of the proximal ends of the jaws.

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 The minimum capacity acceptable by these additional teeth higher than the contiguous teeth, and interposed between the latter and the parallelogram, is a function of the depth of said teeth. These therefore help to allow a more satisfactory grip of relatively small parts.

 According to additional features of the invention: - the parallelogram delimiting by its faces a V in the face of the upper jaw and a V in the face of the lower jaw, the faces of the parallelogram are inclined so that the V are offset on the longitudinal axis of jaw closure, the V of the lower jaw is preferably closer to the distal end of the jaws than the V of the upper jaw.

 The two V's can be offset by a distance of between approximately 3 and 4 mm in the direction of the longitudinal axis of closure of the jaws.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the smooth faces of the parallelogram are inclined from 130 to 140 degrees approximately on the longitudinal axis of closure of the jaws.

 According to a last characteristic of the invention, the angle defined by each V delimited by a smooth face and a toothed face of the parallelogram is between approximately 120 and 130 degrees.

 Other particular advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings which illustrate an embodiment by way of example.

 Figure 1 is an elevational view, to scale, of an embodiment of a tool according to the invention consisting of pliers.

 FIG. 2 is a partial plan view on an enlarged scale, showing the clamping jaws of the clamp of FIG. 1.

 FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the geometry of the recess delimited by the faces facing the clamping jaws of the clamp of FIGS. 1 and 2.

 Figure 4 is a partial plan view on an enlarged scale, showing the clamping jaws of the clamp of Figures 1 and 2 in the closed position on tubular parts of small diameter.

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 Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing the use of the clamp for gripping a medium diameter tube.

 Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 illustrating the gripping by the clamp of a piece of polygonal outline.

 The tool represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a pliers adapted for manual gripping of various parts, in particular tubular or of different contours such as polygonal or circular with projecting fins.

 This clamp 1 comprises a pair of branches 2,3 terminated by two respective jaws 4,5 for clamping a workpiece between them, these jaws being adjustable as a function of the dimensions of said workpiece to be gripped.

la main de l'opérateur se trouve en appui sur la branche 3. Corrélativement le mors 5 de la branche 2 se trouve en appui sur la face inférieure de la pièce à saisir, tandis que le mors 4 de la branche 2 se trouve en appui sur la face supérieure de la pièce. En conséquence, les mors 4 et 5 seront ci-après appelés respectivement mors supérieur et mors inférieur . The clamp 1 is normally used in such a way that the palm of

the operator's hand is supported on the branch 3. Correspondingly the jaw 5 of the branch 2 is supported on the underside of the part to be gripped, while the jaw 4 of the branch 2 is supported on the upper side of the room. Consequently, jaws 4 and 5 will hereinafter be called respectively upper jaw and lower jaw.

 The branches 2 and 3 are articulated around a transverse axis 6, which can slide in a longitudinal slot 7 formed in the branch 2 in a manner known per se. This arrangement makes it possible to adjust the spacing between the clamping jaws 4 and 5 according to the dimensions of the part to be gripped.

4, 5 (figure 2) : ainsi la face transversale du mors supérieur 4 présente une face lisse droite 7 et une face dentée 8, cette dernière étant agencée entre la face lisse 7 et une face distale dentée 12 de l'extrémité distale 4a du mors supérieur 4. La face transversale en vis-à-vis du mors inférieur 5 comporte une face lisse droite 9 qui, lorsque les mors 4,5 sont fermés suivant l'axe X-X, est sensiblement parallèle à la face lisse 7, et une face dentée 11 qui, dans les mêmes conditions de fermeture suivant l'axe X-X, est sensiblement parallèle à la face dentée 8 (ce parallélisme s'entendant lorsque les mors 4,5 sont fermés comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2). Dans cette position de fermeture, les deux faces lisses 7,9 et les deux faces dentées 8,11 délimitent ensemble sensiblement un parallélogramme P (figure 3), agencé dans la zone centrale des faces transversales des mors 4,5. The transverse parts of the jaws 4.5 facing each other are profiled so as to each present in their central zone two faces 7.8 and 9.11 respectively inclined on a longitudinal average axis XX for closing the jaws

4, 5 (FIG. 2): thus the transverse face of the upper jaw 4 has a straight smooth face 7 and a toothed face 8, the latter being arranged between the smooth face 7 and a toothed distal face 12 of the distal end 4a of the upper jaw 4. The transverse face opposite the lower jaw 5 has a straight smooth face 9 which, when the jaws 4.5 are closed along the axis XX, is substantially parallel to the smooth face 7, and a toothed face 11 which, under the same closing conditions along the axis XX, is substantially parallel to the toothed face 8 (this parallelism being understood when the jaws 4.5 are closed as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2). In this closed position, the two smooth faces 7, 9 and the two toothed faces 8, 11 together together substantially delimit a parallelogram P (FIG. 3), arranged in the central zone of the transverse faces of the jaws 4.5.

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 FIG. 3 is a schematic representation with lines 8, 11 passing through the tips of the teeth and (7, 9) through the smooth faces in the case of FIG. 2.

 Complementary teeth are arranged in the distal and proximal parts of the transverse faces of the jaws 4,5.

 Thus, on the respective distal ends 4a, 5a of the jaws 4.5 are arranged respective toothed faces 12,13 opposite, the height of these teeth being smaller compared to that of the teeth of the faces 8,11 of the parallelogram P (figure 2). On the respective proximal ends 14.15 of the jaws 4.5 are also arranged toothing 16.17 whose teeth are of a height less than that of the teeth of the faces 8.11.

 The biss faces 7, 9 of the parallelogram P, schematically represented in FIG. 3, are interrupted and each connected to one of the complementary teeth 16 and 13 respectively, delimiting with the other complementary teeth of the jaw opposite. a break 19,21 which forms on the axis XX a recess extending the parallelogram P on each side.

1 à 3, la face lisse interrompue 7 est raccordée à la denture 16 du même mors 4, en délimitant avec la face dentée 11 du mors 5 en vis-à-vis une brisure arrière ou proximale 19a formant un évidement 19 situé à l'arrière du parallélogramme P, c'est-à-dire en direction de l'axe d'articulation 6. De même, dans la partie avant ou distale des mors 4,5, la face lisse 9 interrompue du mors inférieur 5 est raccordée à la face distale dentée 13 du même mors, en délimitant avec la face dentée 8 du mors 4 en vis-à-vis une brisure avant ou distale 21 a qui forme un évidement avant 21 prolongeant le parallélogramme P vers les extrémités distales 4a, 5a des mors 4,5. More specifically, in the embodiment shown in the figures

1 to 3, the smooth interrupted face 7 is connected to the toothing 16 of the same jaw 4, delimiting with the toothed face 11 of the jaw 5 facing a rear or proximal break 19a forming a recess 19 located at the rear of the parallelogram P, that is to say in the direction of the axis of articulation 6. Similarly, in the front or distal part of the jaws 4.5, the smooth face 9 interrupted from the lower jaw 5 is connected to the toothed distal face 13 of the same jaw, delimiting with the toothed face 8 of the jaw 4 opposite a front or distal break 21a which forms a front recess 21 extending the parallelogram P towards the distal ends 4a, 5a of the jaw 4.5.

 In the face of the rear or proximal break 19a, front or distal 21a, connected to the respective smooth and straight contiguous face 7, 8 of the parallelogram P, are arranged respective teeth 22, 23 and 24, 25 inclined towards the parallelogram P (Figures 2 and 4). In the embodiment shown, for each smooth and straight face 7.9 of the parallelogram P, the respective teeth are two in number (22.23 for the face 7 and 24.25 for the face 9). These teeth have a height greater than that of teeth 12,13, 16,17

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 distal ends 4a, 5a and proximal ends 14, 15 of the jaws 4, 5, for example between substantially 1 and 1.5 mm. The teeth 22, 23 connect the smooth face 7 to the proximal teeth 16 of the upper jaw 4, while the teeth 24, 25 connect the straight smooth face 9 of the lower jaw 5 to its distal teeth 13.

 The straight smooth face 7 of the parallelogram P can be inclined on the longitudinal axis X-X for closing the jaws 4.5 at an angle A (FIG. 2) of between approximately 130 and 140 degrees. It is the same for the parallel straight face 9 of the lower jaw 5. The smooth faces 7, 9 define with the lines connecting the respective points of the teeth 8 and 11 of the Vs forming angles B of between approximately 120 and 130 degrees.

 The faces of the parallelogram P can be advantageously inclined, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, so that the V are offset on the longitudinal axis X-X by a determined distance. The V of the lower jaw 5 is preferably closer to the distal ends 4a, 5a of the jaws 4, 5 than the V of the upper jaw 4.

 By way of nonlimiting example, the two Vs can be offset by a distance of between approximately 3 and 4 mm along the axis X-X.

 Figures 4,5 and 6 illustrate different modes of implementation of the clamp 1 according to the invention.

 In FIG. 4, it can be seen that the jaws 4.5 are closed on parts with variable small diameters: thus the teeth 12, 13 of the distal ends 4a, 5a enclose between them a wire 25 with a diameter for example of 1 mm. A second wire or tube 26, with a diameter for example of 3 mm, is clamped between the tooth 25 of the lower jaw 5 and a tooth opposite 27 of the toothed face 8.

en appui, d'une part sur la face lisse droite 9 et une dent 31 de la face dentée 11 du mors 5, et d'autre part sur deux dents de la face dentée 8 en vis-à-vis du mors supérieur 4 ; le tube 28 peut présenter un diamètre par exemple de 7 mm. Inside the parallelogram P, a tubular piece 28 is clamped

in support, on the one hand on the straight smooth face 9 and a tooth 31 of the toothed face 11 of the jaw 5, and on the other hand on two teeth of the toothed face 8 opposite the upper jaw 4; the tube 28 may have a diameter for example of 7 mm.

 Finally a tubular part 32 is clamped between the first teeth of the proximal teeth 16 and 17, the part 32 having a diameter for example of 2.5 mm.

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In the case illustrated in Figure 5, the tubular part 33 has a diameter much greater than that of the previous parts, for example 21 mm, requiring an appropriate spacing between the jaws 4, 5 by sliding the axis 6 in the light elongated 7. In this case, the tubular part 33 rests on the one hand on the smooth face 9 and two teeth of the toothed face 11 of the lower jaw 5, and on the other hand on the top of the first tooth 22, connected to the straight smooth face 7.

 In the implementation of the clamp shown in Figure 6, a part 34 with a polygonal outline, and more precisely hexagonal, is clamped between the jaws 4,5: a flat face 34a of the part 34 is supported on the toothed face 11 of the jaw 5 while a contiguous face 34b is in abutment on the straight and smooth face 9 and while the planar face 34c parallel to the face 34b is supported on the top of the first tooth 22 of the upper jaw 4.

rapport à la face lisse du même mors supérieur : ce positionnement manque de stabilité par rapport à celui illustré à la figure 5 avec la pince 1 conforme à l'invention. The clamp 1 is thus able to grip parts of very variable diameters and different contours (tubular, polygonal, etc.) in a stable and secure manner, eliminating practically any risk of slipping or ejection of the part. This is particularly the case for parts of small and medium dimensions (Figures 4 and 5). Thus, the tubular part 33, of average diameter, rests on one of the two additional teeth 22 and 23 provided at the rear of the smooth straight face 7 of the upper jaw 4, which gives it a more stable positioning than in the anterior clamps. Indeed, in the case for example of the clamp disclosed by American patent 3,894,451, a tubular piece such as 33 is supported on the one hand on the V of the lower jaw (smooth face and toothed face), and on the dentition of the upper jaw located towards the distal end by

compared to the smooth face of the same upper jaw: this positioning lacks stability compared to that illustrated in FIG. 5 with the clamp 1 according to the invention.

 In general, the grip of small parts, for example diameters of the order of 2 to 5 mm, is greatly improved by the profiles of the faces facing the jaws 4.5 provided in accordance with the invention. These profiles adapt more advantageously to medium and large diameters, as well as to other geometric shapes, for example those of heating fittings.

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 The invention is susceptible of numerous variant embodiments.

Thus for example a single break can be provided, for example the break 21 arranged in the front or distal part of the jaws 4.5. The height of the teeth 22-25 can vary as well as their number.

 The faces of the parallelogram P could be curved, being smooth or toothed. The lower distal face 9 and the upper proximal face 7 of the parallelogram can be toothed. The invention is applicable to keys with variable opening or thumbwheel for example, as well as pliers, particularly of the multi-tap type.

Claims (20)

 1.-Tool (1) in particular variable opening wrench or pliers comprising a pair of branches (2,3) terminated by two clamping jaws (4,5) adjustable according to the dimensions of a part (25,27, 28 ...) to grasp, in which the transverse parts of the jaws facing each other are profiled so as to each present in their central zone two faces (7,8 and 9,11) inclined on a longitudinal mean axis (XX ) for closing the jaws, which delimit with their two faces substantially opposite a parallelogram (P), complementary teeth (12, 13, 16, 17) being arranged in the distal (4a, 5a) and proximal parts (14,15) of these faces, characterized in that at least one of the faces

 (7, 9) of the parallelogram (P) is interrupted and connected to one of said complementary toothing (16, 13), delimiting with the other said complementary toothing of the jaw opposite a break (19a, 21 a) which forms a recess (19,21) extending the parallelogram.  2.-Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the break (21 a) is arranged in the front part, or distal of the jaws (4,5).  3.-Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the break (19a) is formed in the rear part, or proximal of the jaws (4,5).  4. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a break (21a) is arranged in the front or distal part of the jaws (4,5) and a second break (19a) is formed in the rear or proximal part of the jaws. bit.  5. Tool according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the break (19a) arranged at the rear of the jaws (4,5) is provided on the proximal face of the upper jaw (5).  6. Tool according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the break (21a) arranged in the front part is provided on the distal face of the lower jaw (5).  7. Tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the faces (7,8, 9,11) of the parallelogram (P) are straight.  8.-Tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the faces (7,8, 9,11) of the parallelogram (P) are curved. <Desc / Clms Page number 10>  9. Tool according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the front break (21a) extends over a length less than that of the break (19a) of the rear part.  10.-Tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the upper distal face (8) and the lower proximal face (11) of the parallelogram (P) are toothed.  11.-Tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lower distal face (9) and the upper proximal face (7) of the parallelogram (P) are smooth.  12.-Tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lower distal face and the upper proximal face of the parallelogram (P) are toothed.  in the face of the front break (21a) connected to a contiguous face (9) of the parallelogram (P), are arranged teeth (24, 25) inclined towards the parallelogram.

 13.-Tool according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that  14.-Tool according to claim 13, characterized in that said teeth (24,25) have a height greater than that of the teeth (12,13) of the distal ends (4a, 5a) of the jaws (4,5), by example between approximately 1 and 1.5 mm.  15.-Tool according to one of claims 2 to 14, characterized in that in the face of the rear break (19a) connected to an adjoining face (7) of the parallelogram (P), are arranged teeth (22,24 ) inclined towards the parallelogram.  16.-Tool according to claim 15, characterized in that said teeth (22,23) have a height greater than that of the teeth (16,17) of the proximal ends (14,15) of the jaws (4,5), example between approximately 1 and 1.5 mm.  17.-Tool according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the parallelogram (P) defining by its faces (7,8, 9,11) a V in the face of the upper jaw (4) and a V in the face of the lower jaw (5), the faces of the parallelogram are inclined so that the V are offset on the longitudinal axis (XX) of jaw closure, the V of the lower jaw (5) being <Desc / Clms Page number 11>  preferably closer to the distal ends (4a, 5a) of the jaws than the V of the upper jaw (4).  18.-Tool according to claim 17, characterized in that the two Vs are offset by a distance of between approximately 3 and 4 mm.  19.-Tool according to claim 11, characterized in that the bisse faces (7,9) are inclined from 130 to 140 degrees approximately on the longitudinal axis (XX) of closure of the jaws (4,5).  20.-Tool according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the angle (B) defined by each V delimited by a smooth face (7,9) and a toothed face (8,11) of the parallelogram ( P) is between approximately 120 and 130 degrees.