FR2815713A1 - Test mounting subjecting fragile test sections to tri-axial stressing, includes support collars for tube, and cylinders providing axial movement - Google Patents

Test mounting subjecting fragile test sections to tri-axial stressing, includes support collars for tube, and cylinders providing axial movement Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2815713A1
FR2815713A1 FR0013378A FR0013378A FR2815713A1 FR 2815713 A1 FR2815713 A1 FR 2815713A1 FR 0013378 A FR0013378 A FR 0013378A FR 0013378 A FR0013378 A FR 0013378A FR 2815713 A1 FR2815713 A1 FR 2815713A1
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France
Prior art keywords
test
assembly
collars
test piece
column
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FR0013378A
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French (fr)
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FR2815713B1 (en
Inventor
Catherine Davy
Sylvain Calloch
Noel Dahan
Francois Hild
Didier Marquis
Jean Marie Virely
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/04—Chucks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0286—Miniature specimen; Testing on microregions of a specimen

Abstract

The mounting includes two support collars (24, 27) differing in their peripheral lengths. They are concentric with the test piece (1) and are on two opposite surfaces, facing it. One faces the clamped end (4) of the test piece. Provision (10, 26) is made for movement along the axis of the collars, between the clamping assembly and the two components (22, 25) carrying the collars. Preferred features: The components carrying the collars and the clamping assembly have openings (17, 23, 33) receiving a separate centering rod (not shown). The collars are square in section. The components carrying them have openings for a component setting their relative angular positions. One of the collar components also has a device controlling angular position of the test section. Provision for axial motion comprises two aligned actuators (10, 26), with fastenings to the components carrying them. A special section or test piece for testing in the apparatus is also claimed. This has the shape of a vertical column with a horizontal, square flange. The top is conically-flared and a base is included at the lower end of the column. The test piece undergoes tri-axial stressing in the test.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>

EPROUVETTE ET MONTAGE D'ESSAI EN CONTRAINTE TRIAXIALE
POUR MATERIAU FRAGILE DESCRIPTION DOMAINE TECHNIQUE
Le sujet de cette invention est une éprouvette et un montage d'essai en contrainte triaxiale pour matériau fragile. TEST TEST AND TRIAXIAL CONSTRAIN MOUNTING
FOR FRAGILE MATERIAL TECHNICAL FIELD DESCRIPTION
The subject of this invention is a test tube and a triaxial stress test setup for fragile material.

Les essais en contrainte triaxiale, surtout en traction, offrent de l'intérêt pour déterminer la résistance de certains matériaux, dont on peut citer les composites anisotropes. Les essais de traction usuels utilisent des machines uniaxiales comprenant deux têtes d'amarrage alignées qui enserrent les extrémités des éprouvettes, et qu'on écarte peu a peu.  Triaxial stress tests, especially in tension, offer interest in determining the resistance of certain materials, including anisotropic composites. The usual tensile tests use uniaxial machines comprising two aligned mooring heads which grip the ends of the test pieces, and which are spread little by little.

Les essais en contrainte triaxiale sont beaucoup plus difficiles, voire impossibles, à réaliser avec une machine d'essais uniaxiale, car l'éprouvette doit être montée dans deux dispositifs indépendants de création des efforts et être en appui avec une partie fixe. Dans le cas d'une éprouvette en matériau fragile, le risque est grand que l'éprouvette se rompe lors de l'installation. Il faut donc régler avec beaucoup de soin la mise en position des différentes pièces du montage d'essai avant d'effectuer la mise en place de l'éprouvette. Un exemple de publication dans lequel on assure l'alignement de l'éprouvette et des mors de serrage afin de la soumettre à de la traction pure est le brevet français 2 662 801. Une éprouvette utilisable dans un dispositif d'essai triaxial comportant les Triaxial stress tests are much more difficult, if not impossible, to be carried out with a uniaxial testing machine, since the test piece must be mounted in two independent force creation devices and be supported with a fixed part. In the case of a test piece of fragile material, there is a high risk that the test piece will break during installation. It is therefore necessary to adjust very carefully the positioning of the various parts of the test assembly before carrying out the positioning of the test piece. An example of publication in which the test piece and the clamping jaws are aligned in order to subject it to pure tension is French patent 2,662,801. A test piece usable in a triaxial testing device comprising the

<Desc/Clms Page number 2><Desc / Clms Page number 2>

inconvénients précédents est décrite dans le brevet français 2 688 590.  The above drawbacks are described in French patent 2,688,590.

Le sujet de cette invention est un montage d'essai qui, a l'aide d'éprouvettes de forme adaptée qui font également l'objet de l'invention, permet d'instaurer des contraintes triaxiales d'une valeur donnée dans une direction et d'une autre valeur donnée dans deux directions orthogonales à la première (les deux valeurs peuvent éventuellement être identiques), tout en permettant de monter facilement l'eprouvette et en minimisant les risques de la rompre. Sous sa forme la plus générale, le montage comprend un ensemble orientable a mors de serrage d'une extrémité des éprouvettes, et il est original en ce qu'il comprend deux couronnes d'appui de périmètres différents et concentriques pesant sur deux faces périphériques opposées des éprouvettes, l'une des faces étant dirigée vers ladite extrémité, et des moyens de mise en déplacement relatif de l'ensemble à mors et de deux pièces respectivement porteuses des couronnes d'appui dans une direction commune d'axe des couronnes d'appui.  The subject of this invention is a test set-up which, with the aid of specially shaped test pieces which are also the subject of the invention, makes it possible to introduce triaxial stresses of a given value in one direction and of another value given in two directions orthogonal to the first (the two values may possibly be identical), while allowing the specimen to be easily mounted and minimizing the risks of breaking it. In its most general form, the assembly comprises an orientable assembly with jaws for clamping one end of the test pieces, and it is original in that it comprises two bearing rings of different and concentric perimeters weighing on two opposite peripheral faces. test pieces, one of the faces being directed towards said end, and means for relative displacement of the jaw assembly and of two parts respectively carrying the support crowns in a common direction of axis of the crowns support.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus complètement au moyen de la figure 1, qui illustre de façon schématique un montage conforme à l'invention, de la figure 2 qui illustre comment l'essai est exploité, et de la figure 3 qui aide à faire comprendre le réglage du montage.  The invention will now be described more fully by means of FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates an assembly in accordance with the invention, of FIG. 2 which illustrates how the test is operated, and of FIG. 3 which helps to make understand the adjustment of the assembly.

On suppose que l'invention est adjointe à une machine d'essai uniaxiale existante, pourvue d'une paire de vérins de traction indépendants mais de même direction : un vérin supérieur et un vérin inférieur.  It is assumed that the invention is added to an existing uniaxial testing machine, provided with a pair of independent traction cylinders but with the same direction: an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder.

<Desc/Clms Page number 3><Desc / Clms Page number 3>

Une éprouvette 01 a une forme particulière et se compose d'une colonne 02 verticale se dressant du milieu d'une collerette 03 horizontale et carrée ; le sommet de la colonne 02 s'évase en un cône 04, et c'est le coeur 05 de l'éprouvette 01, sous le pied de la colonne 02 et dans la collerette 03, qui subira les contraintes triaxiales représentatives de l'essai.  A test piece 01 has a particular shape and consists of a vertical column 02 rising from the middle of a horizontal and square collar 03; the top of column 02 flares into a cone 04, and it is the core 05 of the test piece 01, under the foot of column 02 and in the flange 03, which will undergo the triaxial stresses representative of the test .

La bride 10 du vérin supérieur de la machine supporte une plaque d'implantation 11 a laquelle un cardan 12 est fixé. Au cardan 12 est suspendue une tête d'amarrage 13, dans une cavité 14 de laquelle est contenue une paire de mors 15 en demi-coquille et à empreinte conique 16 qui reçoit le cône 04 de la colonne 02, un perçage 17 de la tête d'amarrage 13 menant à la cavité 14 et étant traversé par la colonne 02. La plaque 11, le cardan 12, la tête 13 et les mors 15 forment un ensemble orientable a mors. Les pièces 12 et 13 sont directement issues du brevet français 2 662 801.  The flange 10 of the upper cylinder of the machine supports an implantation plate 11 to which a cardan joint 12 is fixed. Hanging from the gimbal 12 is a mooring head 13, in a cavity 14 of which is contained a pair of jaws 15 in half-shell and with conical imprint 16 which receives the cone 04 of the column 02, a bore 17 of the head mooring 13 leading to the cavity 14 and being traversed by the column 02. The plate 11, the gimbal 12, the head 13 and the jaws 15 form an adjustable assembly with jaws. Parts 12 and 13 come directly from French patent 2,662,801.

Une pièce formant une plaque 22, dont le centre est évidé par un perçage 23 que traverse la colonne 02, est fixée au bâti de la machine d'essai au moyen des pièces 18,19, 20 et 21. Surtout, la face inférieure de la plaque 22 est dotée d'une première couronne d'appui 24 carrée qui vient reposer sur la face supérieure de la collerette 03. Le montage est complété par un bloc de support 25, posé sur la bride 26 du vérin inférieur alignée avec la bride 10 du vérin supérieur et dont la face supérieure est dotée d'une seconde couronne d'appui 27 concentrique à la première couronne 24, de même forme carrée mais de périmètre  A piece forming a plate 22, the center of which is hollowed out by a bore 23 through which the column 02 passes, is fixed to the frame of the testing machine by means of pieces 18, 19, 20 and 21. Above all, the underside of the plate 22 is provided with a first square support ring 24 which comes to rest on the upper face of the flange 03. The mounting is completed by a support block 25, placed on the flange 26 of the lower jack aligned with the flange 10 of the upper cylinder and the upper face of which is provided with a second support ring 27 concentric with the first ring 24, of the same square shape but of perimeter

<Desc/Clms Page number 4><Desc / Clms Page number 4>

plus petit. En cours d'essai, les deux couronnes sont en appui sur l'éprouvette.  smaller. During the test, the two crowns are supported on the test piece.

Un mouvement ascendant du vérin inférieur produit, dans les deux directions principales horizontales, des contraintes de flexion dans le coeur 05 de la collerette 03, qui exercent une traction sur sa partie supérieure, puisque la couronne d'appui supérieure 24 pesant sur la face supérieure de la collerette 03 circonscrit la couronne d'appui inférieure 27 pesant sous la face inférieure, opposée à la précédente, de ladite collerette 03. Une contrainte de traction supplémentaire est infligée à la colonne 02 et, indirectement, au coeur 05 de la collerette 03 quand le vérin supérieur est levé. Ainsi, le coeur 05 de l'éprouvette 01 est soumis à une traction triaxiale dans sa partie supérieure par ces mouvements verticaux.  An upward movement of the lower cylinder produces, in the two main horizontal directions, bending stresses in the core 05 of the flange 03, which exert a traction on its upper part, since the upper bearing crown 24 weighing on the upper face of the flange 03 circumscribing the lower support crown 27 weighing under the lower face, opposite to the previous one, of said flange 03. An additional tensile stress is imposed on column 02 and, indirectly, at the heart 05 of flange 03 when the upper cylinder is lifted. Thus, the core 05 of the test piece 01 is subjected to triaxial traction in its upper part by these vertical movements.

Comme la plupart des matériaux, et avant tout les fragiles, sont sensibles à la traction plus qu'à la compression, la rupture de l'éprouvette 01 se produira au pied de la colonne 02. Bien entendu, les deux vérins peuvent être réglés indépendamment pour fournir le rapport de contraintes souhaité. La figure 2 montre que des jauges de déformation Cl, C2, C3 et C4 sont collées sur les quatre côtes de la face supérieure de la

Figure img00040001

collerette 03, et d'autres, Ll, L2, L3 et L4, sur les faces de la colonne 02 à section carrée pour enregistrer l'état de déformations atteint. Les jauges C1 à C4 peuvent être constituées de jauges unidirectionnelles superposées pour mesurer la déformation dans chacune des directions horizontales principales. La fourniture d'un effort à la colonne 02 As most materials, and above all the fragile ones, are more sensitive to traction than to compression, the rupture of the test piece 01 will occur at the foot of the column 02. Of course, the two cylinders can be adjusted independently to provide the desired stress ratio. FIG. 2 shows that deformation gauges C1, C2, C3 and C4 are bonded to the four ribs of the upper face of the
Figure img00040001

flange 03, and others, L1, L2, L3 and L4, on the faces of the column 02 with square section to record the state of deformations reached. The gauges C1 to C4 can be made up of superimposed unidirectional gauges to measure the deformation in each of the main horizontal directions. Providing an effort at column 02

<Desc/Clms Page number 5><Desc / Clms Page number 5>

par l'interface conique de l'empreinte conique 16 et du cône 04, en liaison au cardan 12, permet d'instaurer une traction pure malgré les désalignements possibles du vérin supérieur. Les indications des jauges sont mesurées de façon usuelle par un circuit de conditionnement électrique.  by the conical interface of the conical impression 16 and of the cone 04, in connection with the cardan joint 12, makes it possible to establish pure traction despite the possible misalignments of the upper cylinder. The indications of the gauges are measured in the usual way by an electrical conditioning circuit.

Le réglage de la machine d'essai enrichie de l'invention sera décrit à l'aide de la figure 3. Un centrage des trois pièces responsables de l'effort communique à l'éprouvette 01 est nécessaire. On y parvient au moyen d'une tige 31 que l'on engage dans les perçages 17 et 23 de la tête d'amarrage 13 et de la plaque 22, ainsi que dans un perçage 33 (référence à la figure 1) du bloc de support 25, tous ces perçages ayant le même diamètre, avant d'installer l'éprouvette 01.  The adjustment of the enriched testing machine of the invention will be described with the aid of FIG. 3. A centering of the three parts responsible for the force communicated to the test piece 01 is necessary. This is achieved by means of a rod 31 which is engaged in the holes 17 and 23 of the mooring head 13 and of the plate 22, as well as in a hole 33 (reference to FIG. 1) of the block of support 25, all these holes having the same diameter, before installing the test piece 01.

Quand cet alignement est réalisé, la plaque 22 peut être fixée au bâti de la machine. Il faut aussi régler la position angulaire de la plaque 22 et du bloc de support 25 pour que les couronnes d'appui 24 et 27 aient leurs côtés parallèles, ce que l'on réalise en enfonçant une pige 32, c'est-à-dire une autre tige cylindrique, dans deux perçages latéraux de la plaque 22 et du bloc de support 25 que l'on a mis en alignement. Enfin, l'éprouvette 01 est elle-même réglée en position angulaire en alignant une arête verticale de la collerette 03 avec une arête verticale de la plaque 22, comme la figure 2 le représente. When this alignment is achieved, the plate 22 can be fixed to the frame of the machine. It is also necessary to adjust the angular position of the plate 22 and of the support block 25 so that the support rings 24 and 27 have their parallel sides, which is achieved by driving in a rod 32, that is to say say another cylindrical rod, in two lateral holes in the plate 22 and the support block 25 which have been brought into alignment. Finally, the test piece 01 is itself adjusted in angular position by aligning a vertical edge of the flange 03 with a vertical edge of the plate 22, as shown in FIG. 2.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes (01) en contrainte triaxiale, comprenant un ensemble orientable (12,13, 15) à mors de serrage d'une extrémité (04) des éprouvettes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux couronnes d'appui (24,27) de périmètres différents et concentriques sur deux faces périphériques opposées des éprouvettes, l'une des faces étant dirigée vers ladite extrémité (04), et des moyens (10,26) de mise en déplacement relatif de l'ensemble à mors et de deux pièces (22,25) respectivement porteuses des couronnes d'appui (24,27) dans une direction commune d'axe des couronnes d'appui.  CLAIMS 1. Test assembly of test pieces (01) under triaxial stress, comprising an orientable assembly (12, 13, 15) with clamping jaw of one end (04) of the test pieces, characterized in that it comprises two bearing crowns (24,27) of different and concentric perimeters on two opposite peripheral faces of the test pieces, one of the faces being directed towards said end (04), and means (10,26) for moving relative displacement of the jaw and two-piece assembly (22,25) respectively carrying the support rings (24,27) in a common direction of axis of the support rings. 2. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les pièces porteuses des couronnes d'appui et l'ensemble à mors sont munis de perçages (17,23, 33) de réception d'une pièce de centrage (31).  2. Test specimen assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing parts of the support rings and the jaw assembly are provided with holes (17, 23, 33) for receiving a piece of centering (31). 3. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les couronnes d'appui (24,27) sont carrées.  3. Test fixture test according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the support rings (24,27) are square. 4. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes selon la revendication 3, caracterisé en ce que les pièces porteuses des couronnes sont munies de perçages de réception d'une pièce (37) de réglage de position angulaire mutuelle.  4. Test specimen assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that the bearing parts of the crowns are provided with holes for receiving a part (37) for adjusting their angular position. <Desc/Clms Page number 7> <Desc / Clms Page number 7> 5. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une des pièces porteuses des couronnes est munie d'un moyen (35) de réglage de position angulaire des éprouvettes (01).  5. Test fixture test according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that one of the bearing parts of the crowns is provided with a means (35) for adjusting the angular position of the test pieces (01) . 6. Montage d'essai d'éprouvettes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de mise en déplacement relatif comprennent deux vérins alignés (10,26) et des moyens de fixation (18 a% 21) d'une des pièces porteuses des couronnes d'appui.  6. Test assembly for test pieces according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the relative displacement means comprise two aligned jacks (10,26) and fixing means (18 a% 21 ) of one of the bearing parts of the support crowns. 7. Eprouvette (01) pour le montage d'essai en contrainte triaxiale selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée d'une colonne (02) verticale se dressant au milieu d'une collerette (03) horizontale et carrée ; le sommet de la colonne (02) s'évase en un cône (04) ; un coeur (05) de l'éprouvette (01), sous le pied de la colonne (02) et dans la collerette (03), subissant les contraintes triaxiales représentatives de l'essai. 7. Test piece (01) for the triaxial stress test assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists of a vertical column (02) standing in the middle of a flange (03 ) horizontal and square; the top of the column (02) flares into a cone (04); a core (05) of the test piece (01), under the foot of the column (02) and in the flange (03), undergoing the triaxial stresses representative of the test.
FR0013378A 2000-10-19 2000-10-19 TEST TEST AND TRIAXIAL STRESS TEST MOUNTING FOR FRAGILE MATERIAL Expired - Fee Related FR2815713B1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105181450A (en) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-23 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 Sample clamping device for conducting fracture test through cold bending machine
CN110208104A (en) * 2019-06-24 2019-09-06 东北大学 A kind of included loading structure quickly rotarily opens type high pressure rock triaxial cell

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2662801A1 (en) * 1990-06-01 1991-12-06 Renault Device for tension/compression testing of a sample
FR2688590A1 (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-17 Cachan Ecole Normale Superieur Triaxial tensile/compressive test-piece
EP0660101A2 (en) * 1993-12-24 1995-06-28 Ngk Ceramics Europe S.A. Method and apparatus for testing ceramic members
US6058784A (en) * 1998-02-03 2000-05-09 Mts Systems Corporation Material testing apparatus having separated load generating mechanisms

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2662801A1 (en) * 1990-06-01 1991-12-06 Renault Device for tension/compression testing of a sample
FR2688590A1 (en) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-17 Cachan Ecole Normale Superieur Triaxial tensile/compressive test-piece
EP0660101A2 (en) * 1993-12-24 1995-06-28 Ngk Ceramics Europe S.A. Method and apparatus for testing ceramic members
US6058784A (en) * 1998-02-03 2000-05-09 Mts Systems Corporation Material testing apparatus having separated load generating mechanisms

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105181450A (en) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-23 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 Sample clamping device for conducting fracture test through cold bending machine
CN110208104A (en) * 2019-06-24 2019-09-06 东北大学 A kind of included loading structure quickly rotarily opens type high pressure rock triaxial cell
CN110208104B (en) * 2019-06-24 2021-06-08 东北大学 Quick-rotation opening type high-pressure rock triaxial pressure chamber with loading structure

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