FR2783446A1 - Piercing tool of slotted holes in rails for tram tracks at the bottom of the throat of the rail to produce drainage holes without affecting the properties of the rail - Google Patents

Abstract

The machine tool (12) is equipped with a tool holder (42) designed to accept a drill bit or an end mill (16). Mountings fix the tool above the rail (1) and allow the positioning of the drill bit or end mill (16). These items consist of a mobile support (20) to which is fixed the machine tool (12) and a fixed support (18) anchored to the rail by a locking screw. A lead screw (22,24) allowing the mobile support to move joins the two supports in relation to the other.

Description

The invention relates to the realization of a light through the

groove of a grooved rail.

  Grooved rails are used in particular for movement

trams.

  Making a light in the bottom of such a gorge is useful

  to avoid the accumulation of water in this throat.

  The problem posed in the invention consists in producing this light while avoiding appreciably weakening the rail, in particular in terms of thermal stresses, since, taking into account its conditions of use and the areas where it can be installed, the rail may have to undergo relatively high climatic constraints (temperature under OC in winter, in particular). In other words, a requirement formulated in the invention is that the realization of the light does not thermally weaken the rail, nor of course causes it a mechanical stress, or a weakening

mechanical, notable.

  The solution proposed by the invention consists of a tool comprising: a machine tool equipped with a tool holder adapted to receive a drill or a cutter, - and means for adapting the machine tool over the rail , to place the drill or the milling cutter transversely, and preferably substantially perpendicular (vertically), to the longitudinal direction of the rail, above it, these adaptation means comprising a movable support above which is disposed, and fixed , the machine tool and a fixed support provided with locking means with respect to the rail, the fixed and mobile supports being linked together by means of approximation / spacing to move them relatively to one another,

  substantially parallel to said longitudinal direction of the rail.

  It has been found that the use of such a machine tool that can be equipped with a drill or a cutter, and more particularly a drill and then, successively, several cutters, allows light to be produced without constraint. notable thermal for the rail, and with a quality of finish

particularly appreciated.

  Advantageously, according to an additional characteristic, the invention provides that the fixed and mobile supports include: - an upper transverse plate adapted to rest on the upper surface of the rail, at the top of the groove, - two side panels spaced apart from one other to frame the rail relatively tightly, parallel to its longitudinal direction, - for the mobile support, lower transverse pads spaced from the upper plate and connected to one and the other of the side panels, to be arranged respectively under the mushroom and under the rail spigot, and slide therein, - and for the fixed support, at least one said locking means linked to this fixed support to come into abutment against the mushroom or against the rail spout and thus define a longitudinal position tool reference. In addition to such a tool, the invention also provides a method for

  achieve the desired light in the groove of the rail.

  According to the method: - a succession of holes is drilled in the groove (preferably located in the immediate vicinity of each other), by making the drilling move in a longitudinal direction of the groove, - then it is successively milled, in the different holes, to smash them to the bottom and thus create the said lumen by the succession of holes, repeating, if necessary, the milling with different cutter diameters, increasing, by moving the milling (s) ) following said direction. As already indicated, we will thus be able to obtain a "clean" light, without having communicated to the rail constraints (in particular

  significant) likely to have damaged it.

  An even more detailed description of the invention will now be given.

  be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic overview of the device of the invention, - Figure 2 is a sectional view along the line II - II of Figure 1, and the Figure 3 is a sectional view along the line Im - III of Figure 1. We will first look quickly at Figure 2 or Figure 3 to note the characteristic shape of a grooved rail, marked 1 Such a rail comprises a lower shoe 3 above which stands a core 5, itself surmounted by the upper shoe of the rail which gives it its typical shape in (I) and in which is formed a groove 7, this groove , which is laterally offset, separating the upper shoe into a chin 9 (zone la

  narrower of the upper skate) and a fungus 11 (widest area).

  As will be understood, the groove 7 extends longitudinally, parallel to the general longitudinal direction of the rail (marked on the

figure 1).

  It is at the bottom of the longitudinal groove 7 that a lumen 13 is to be provided through the entire thickness of the bottom wall of this groove, so as to constitute a weir to avoid an accumulation of water in

throat 7.

  So, a succession of longitudinal lights are going to be

  made from place to place, along the rail, in the groove.

  For this, the invention recommends using a device or tool for

  "vertical" drilling / milling identified 10 in FIG. 1, as a whole.

  The tool 10 comprises a machine tool identified as a whole 12, mounted on a support frame 14 constituting the means of adaptation of the machine on the rail 1 and making it possible to place the tool 16 of this machine transversely (preferably, vertically) to the longitudinal direction of the rail (assumed to be horizontal). The frame 14 for adapting the machine 12 over the rail 1 comprises a support considered to be fixed, 18, and a support considered

as mobile, 20.

  The fixed and mobile supports are interconnected by a means of approximation / relative spacing 22 which can be constituted by a trapezoidal screw arranged to extend parallel to the direction la. A lever 24 makes it possible to operate the screw 22 (fixed support side 18), while the screw is linked to the support 20, by means of a ball joint 26, at its end

  opposite, above the rail 1 in the installed state of the device 10.

  The tool 12 can in particular be a machine tool of the drill / milling machine type. It can in particular be a machine known under the name "Vertical milling machine type VERLYNDE" In FIG. 1, it can thus be seen that the machine 12 comprises a motor 28 with an on / off switch 30, with a power supply 32 In 34, the speed change block was identified by stepped pulleys and in 36, the engine reduction block. 38 marks the handwheel, fixed on the spindle holder column 40, for raising or lowering the tool holder 42, carrying the tool 16 and fixed to the spindle (at stroke

assumed to be vertical) 44.

  In 46, the cylindrical flange for reversing the direction of

right / left rotation of the tool.

  At 48, there appears the handling cradle linked in the upper part to two parallel arms 50 (only one is shown in FIG. 1) allowing

  handling of unit 10 to install it on the rail, or remove it.

  In 52, there also appears a protective casing to be placed

above the piercing area.

  The reference 54 designates, for its part, the tool support column and the

  item 56, the reserve of lubricant which, through the tube 58, is brought to the

  above the light 13 to be produced to prevent overheating of the tool

section 16 and rail 1.

  In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the mobile support 20 comprises an upper transverse plate 60 adapted to rest on the upper surface of the mushroom and of the rail chin and which is extended laterally by two side panels 62, 64, adapted to border closely respectively the mushroom 11 and the chin 9,

  parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail.

  Thus, the mobile support 20 has a general shape of an inverted "U". For the sliding of this movable part along the rail, two slides 66, 68 have been provided, linked respectively to the side panels

62, 64.

  Each slider 66, 68 is arranged so as to have a substantially planar upper face coming in the immediate vicinity of the lower surface respectively of the mushroom and of the chin, so that the upper shoe of the rail is thus surrounded, the engagement of the two sliders 66 , 68, substantially at the location of the core 5 of the rail, allowing, with limited play, efficient sliding without risk of tilting of the machine tool which overcomes this mobile part 20, substantially in line with the latter, as can be seen in Figure 1. Note that the connection between the machine tool 12 and the movable support 20

  takes place via the support column 54 welded to the support 20.

  To facilitate the engagement of the mobile support (and therefore of the machine) with respect to the rail, the slides 66, 68 can be mounted on adjustment screws, marked for some 66a in FIG. 1 (it is then assumed that the slide 66 is in fact double), thus making it possible to push in or

  bring out the slide considered, at will.

  Taking into account the slope of the lower part of the chin or of the mushroom, it will be noted that the general direction of each slide 66, 68 has an angle (a or fi) relative to the horizontal (see FIG. 2). In FIG. 3, it appears that the fixed support 18 also comprises an upper plate, substantially horizontal 70, adapted to rest on the upper surface respectively of the mushroom and the spur and from which fall two longitudinal side panels 72,

  74, externally and longitudinally framing the rail 1.

  The plate 70 is surmounted by the drive block 76 of the screw

  which can be seen from the operating lever 24.

  Through the side panel 74, a locking screw 78 is engaged

  maneuverable by the handle 80 which can be seen in FIG. 1.

  The screw is intended to come to engage against the chin (it could be the fungus), by support, so as to thus block in position "reference" the support 18 and therefore, thereby, the movable support

machine tool holder 12.

  It will have been noted that, as for the support 20, the elements 70, 72, 74, constituting the support 18 closely surround the upper shoe of the rail, in order to ensure a balanced positioning of the machine as well as an effective support and guidance , with all the stability required by

  the light realization operation.

  The use of the device 20 can be carried out as follows: The device is first installed over the rail, while the latter is sufficiently clear from the ground, to make room for the supports 18

and 20.

  After having placed the two plates 60, 70, bearing on the upper surface of the spur and of the rail head and having identified the location provided for the light to be produced, the operator tightens the screw (s)

blocking 78 with lever 80.

  From there, it sets the distance e to plan for the

  realization of the light 13. The machine tool 12 (more precisely the holder

  tool 42) is thus correctly positioned longitudinally, as well as

  laterally (vertical to throat 7).

  For longitudinal positioning, a marking was first

  carried out for the installation in the appropriate place of the fixed support 18.

  The operator then first introduces a drill into the holder

  tool 42. Assuming that we want a water flow light of mm x 20 mm, driven 25 mm upstream of a drainage pipe, the operator will first preferably mount a drill of 15 mm in

the tool holder.

  After adjusting the speed of rotation of the machine, the operator lowers the tool (via the handwheel 38) to drill the first hole (a priori without then completely piercing the bottom wall of the groove 7). I raises the drill bit and causes the screw 22 to make a succession of half-turns, so as to move the sliding support 20 by a predetermined distance. It then drills a second hole, the two holes preferably overlapping partially or at least being immediately adjacent one

  opposite each other, along the axis la.

  The operator repeats the operation eight times if he has to discard two

  adjacent 15 mm holes (15 mm x 8 = 120 mm).

  The operator then replaces the tool holder head 42 in its original location. He dismantles the drill and instead installs a first cutter

  (diameter 18 mm for the light envisaged above).

  After having obtained the desired speed of rotation, it descends the cutter in the first hole, smashes it to the bottom so as to pass the light over the entire thickness of the bottom wall of the groove 7. It

  then repeats the milling operation over the entire length e 2 of the light.

  The operator reassembles the cutter and replaces the tool holder again

  in the original position (to the right of the first hole).

  He dismantles the 18 mm diameter cutter and instead installs a second cutter, of larger diameter (20 mm diameter for the light of

The example).

  After obtaining the desired rotation speed, it renews

  the same operations as for milling with the first cutter, ie

  say that he smashed hole 13 along length e 2, gradually,

  operating the lever 24, at the pitch of the screw.

  During all drilling / milling operations, a

  proper lubrication was provided by 56 and 58.

  At the end of the light, the operator then raises the second cutter. The operation for producing the light 13 is completed. The operator can store the device 10 by moving it using the handling bars 50. Of course, any type of grooved rail is concerned with the invention, the differentiation made between the chin and the mushroom not being limiting of a particular shape or size, but only intended to facilitate the identification of the upper side parts

swelling of the rail concerned.

Claims (3)

  1. Tool for producing a light (13) through the groove (7) of a grooved rail, comprising: - a machine tool (12) equipped with a tool holder (42) adapted to receive a drill or a cutter (16), and   - means (18, 20, 66, 68, 78) for adapting the machine -   tool over the rail (1), for placing the drill or the milling cutter (16) transversely, and preferably perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (la) of the rail, above it, these adaptation means comprising a support mobile (20) above which is arranged, and fixed, the machine tool (12) and a fixed support (18) provided with means (78) for locking with respect to the rail, the fixed and mobile supports being linked together by approximation / spacing means (22, 24) to move them relatively to each other, substantially parallel to the direction longitudinal (la) of the rail.   2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed support (18) and the mobile support (20) comprise: - an upper transverse plate (60, 70) adapted to rest on the upper surface of the rail (1), at the top of the groove (7), - two side panels (62, 64, 72, 74), spaced from one another, to tightly frame the rail, parallel to its longitudinal direction (la), - for the mobile support (20), at least two lower transverse pads (66, 68) remote from the plate (60) and connected to one and the other of the side panels (62, 64) of the mobile plate to be arranged respectively on the mushroom (11) and under the bar (9) of the rail, - and, for the fixed support (18), at least one said locking screw (78) linked to one of the side panels (72, 74) of the fixed support to bear against the fungus or against the rail bar and thus define   a longitudinal reference position of the tool.   3. Method for producing a light (13) through the groove (7) of a grooved rail (1), in which: - a succession of holes is drilled in the groove (7), by making the drilling move , in a longitudinal direction (la) of the rail, - then successively mills, in the different holes, to smash them to the bottom and thus create said lumen (13) by the succession of holes located in close proximity to each other , longitudinally, repeating if necessary the milling with different cutter diameters, going up, by moving the milling (s)   in said longitudinal direction (la) of the rail.