FR2767548A1 - CARRIER STRUCTURES COMPRISING STABILIZED DRIED HOLLOW SOLID WOOD BEAMS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to load-bearing structures such as floors, frames or three-dimensional structures, comprising solid wood beams (11; 11a), of square or rectangular sections close to the square, mechanically hollowed out from one of their faces. longitudinal to the vicinity of the core, dried and stabilized, said beams being arranged longitudinally next to each other and interconnected on their faces (16) in contact by gluing and / or mechanical means.

Description

The present invention is in the field of structures implemented

  works in the building. More precisely, it relates to floors, frames and / or three-dimensional structures and mainly uses solid wood beams, said beams having improved mechanical and aesthetic characteristics, particularly suitable for the production of structures.

  carriers according to the present invention.

  In most cases, it is necessary to simultaneously consider criteria of mechanical strength, aesthetics and cost for the realization of a

  construction and choice of materials.

  For a very long time, structures have been known in which solid wood beams form load-bearing structures such as joists for floors or structural trusses, said load-bearing structures receiving

  floor or roof elements.

  Likewise, construction techniques have always been known, consisting of vertically and / or horizontally stacking massive pieces of wood such as

  planks, planks, beams or logs.

  Solid wood roofs and floors are also made from dried planks, planed and assembled by nailing to form load-bearing construction elements of any size, the panels formed

  can be prefabricated industrially.

  The use of solid wood in large sections is hampered by the drying problems it generates, namely the resulting deformations such as shrinkage

  important dimensions, twists and cracks.

  The present invention favors aesthetics and use

  dry solid wood with few cracks and deformations.

  It takes into account massive elongated pieces of square or rectangular sections close to the square, for which the drying tensions were released, from sawing, by mechanically creating a longitudinal recess at

  from one of their faces, to the surroundings of the heart.

  After drying and machining, the parts obtained have

  few deformations and cracks and stabilize.

- 2 -

  The aesthetic aspect is thus greatly improved.

  Sawing does not make it possible to obtain such pieces in great lengths with a satisfactory quality / price ratio. Also, it is possible to obtain pieces of great length by joining, end to end, elongated pieces. The process known as butting is a

  way of making the joint in length of two pieces.

  The present invention relates to load-bearing structures such as floors, frames or three-dimensional structures, of the type comprising solid wood beams, square or rectangular close to the square, for which the drying tensions have been released, from sawing. , by mechanically creating a longitudinal recess from one of their faces, up to the vicinity of the core, dried and stabilized, said beams being arranged longitudinally next to each other and connected together on their lateral faces in contact, by bonding and / or mechanical means. In this way, the mechanical characteristics of each beam taken alone are improved,

particularly in flexion.

  The dried and stabilized hollowed beams can be provided with perpendicular holes opening on their lateral faces in contact, said holes being spaced apart longitudinally so as to allow the introduction of transverse connecting members made of metallic or other materials and of corresponding shapes and dimensions. to the holes, perpendicularly and inside the structure formed by said beams thus assembled longitudinally. The introduction of these transverse connecting elements ensures the cohesion of the structure formed by the longitudinal beams and improves the qualities

mechanical of said assembly.

  Also, the dried and stabilized hollowed beams can be provided with longitudinal grooves on their lateral faces in contact, so as to allow the introduction, inside said grooves, of connecting members made of wood or wood or metallic derivatives. and of shapes and dimensions corresponding to the grooves, ensuring

  thus a good mechanical connection between the beams.

  - 3 - Also, the recesses of the stabilized dried beams can have various shapes for various aesthetic or technical reasons. Thus, recesses of rounded or various shapes inside the beams constituting the structures according to the present invention effectively meet the sound absorption requirements demanded for certain constructive structures. Thus, according to the present invention, structures composed of beams having rounded or oblong recesses are particularly suitable for the realization of walls

  road noise barriers, for non-limiting example.

  Also according to the present invention, at least one of the stabilized dried beams constituting the structure can be provided with at least one tensioning element and metallic or sythesis reinforcement, inside the recess and mechanically stretched at the ends of said beam, so as to subtend this beam and greatly reinforce the mechanical characteristics in bending of the entire structure. To create this undervoltage, a shim, located at a lower horizontal level than that of the ends of the tension and reinforcement element, is placed inside the recess of the beam in its middle, the element of tension and metallic reinforcement, placed inside and stretched at the ends of the beam, exerting on the lower part of the hold a force directed towards the upper part of the structure. The longitudinal recess of the beam can be oriented towards the upper or lower part of the structure, the ends of the tensioning element and metallic reinforcement always remaining at a horizontal upper level of the wedge placed inside said longitudinal recess. . In a support structure according to the present invention associating at least two different planes, horizontal or vertical or sloping, assembly elements are used to allow the connection between said different planes. Thus for example, two stabilized dried hollowed beams, aligned in the same direction in at least two different planes constituting a structure according to the present invention, are interconnected by gluing and / or - 4 - mechanical means, by means of keys or gussets made of solid wood or materials derived from wood, or metallic or synthetic, introduced into the recesses at the level of the joint points of said hollow beams. Similarly, at least one stabilized dried hollowed beam, in at least one horizontal or vertical or sloping plane constituting a structure according to the present invention is reinforced by a core of solid wood or materials derived from wood or metal or synthetic, the core and beam being made inseparable in the bottom area and on the sides of the recess of said beam, by bonding and / or mechanical means, to greatly enhance the characteristics of the structure. Also, such beams are envisaged

in document 97 - 03773.

  Also, at least one of the vertical or horizontal or sloping planes of a support structure according to the present invention can be covered with a thin or multilayer thermal or sound insulator, based on reflective films and insulating films, so to strengthen considerably

  the phonic and or thermal qualities of said structure.

  Structures thus envisaged are particularly suitable for constructions requiring enhanced qualities of thermal and / or sound insulation, as well

  that a reduced thickness of said structures.

  The structures envisaged according to the present invention are part of a maximum use of

  country wood and especially small woods.

  The invention will be better understood on reading the

  description given below by way of illustrative example and

  nonlimiting as well as the drawing in which: - Figure 1 according to the present invention presents a floor (10) formed of several massive beams (11; lla) for which the drying tensions were released, from sawing, creating mechanically a longitudinal slot (12; 12a) from one of their faces, up to the vicinity of the core, said solid and stabilized beams (11; 11a) being arranged longitudinally next to each other

others.

  FIG. 1 according to the present invention is a floor (10) formed of stabilized dried hollowed-out solid beams (11; lia) of different sections. Similarly, the longitudinal recesses created from one of the faces of said beams are oriented towards the upper part (13) or the part

  lower (14) of the floor thus formed.

  The use of beams of different sections (11; 11a) and the possibilities of orienting the longitudinal recesses towards the upper part and / or the lower part of the floor provide designers with numerous

  aesthetic choices in decoration.

  - Figure 1 according to the present invention shows perpendicular holes (15) opening on the side faces in contact (16) of the hollow beams (11; 11a) forming the floor. These holes (15) allow the introduction of transverse connecting members, made of wood or materials derived from wood or metal or synthetic and of shapes and dimensions corresponding to the holes (15), inside the floor (10) formed. by the hollow beams (11; 11a), said transverse connecting members being

not shown in Figure 1.

  FIG. 2 according to the present invention shows a support structure (10a) comprising massive beams (11 lb) hollowed out, dried, stabilized whose longitudinal recesses (17) are of rounded shapes, thus improving

  the sound absorption qualities of said structure (10a).

  FIG. 3 shows, in longitudinal section, one of the hollowed out, dried, stabilized beams (11c) of a support structure according to the present invention. Said beam is provided with a tensioning element and metal reinforcement (18) such as a cable or a round steel, placed inside and stretched at the ends (20) of the beam (11c) using a mechanical tension system not shown in Figure 3, of

  so as to subtend said beam. To create this sub-

  tension, a shim (19), located at a lower horizontal level than that of the ends (20) of the tension and reinforcement element (18), is placed inside the recess of the beam (11c) in its middle, the tensioning element and metallic reinforcement (18) exerting on the lower part of the wedge (19) a force oriented vertically towards the upper part of the beam (11c) thus reinforcing the mechanical bending characteristics of the assembly of the structure. In this figure, the longitudinal recess created from one of the longitudinal faces of the beam (11c) is oriented towards the lower part of the supporting structure. - 7 -

Claims (7)

  1 / Load-bearing structure (10) such as a floor, a roof or a three-dimensional structure, of the type comprising solid wood beams (11; lia), of square or rectangular sections close to the square, mechanically hollowed out from a from their respectively upper or lower longitudinal faces, up to the vicinity of the core, dried and stabilized, characterized in that at least some of said beams are placed longitudinally next to each other and connected together on their lateral faces (16) in contact, by bonding and / or mechanical means, in order to form a rigid supporting structure significantly improving the   mechanical characteristics of each beam alone.   2 / supporting structure according to claim number 1 characterized in that the hollowed out, dried, stabilized beams (11; la) placed longitudinally next to each other are provided with perpendicular holes (15) opening onto the lateral faces (16) of said beams (11; la), spaced apart longitudinally, regularly or not, so as to allow the introduction of connecting members made of metallic or other materials and of shapes corresponding to the holes (15), perpendicularly and inside the structure (10) formed by said beams (11; lia) thus assembled longitudinally.   3 / supporting structure according to claim number 1 or number 2 characterized in that the dried hollowed beams, stabilized and assembled longitudinally next to each other are provided with longitudinal grooves on the lateral faces in contact with said beams, so as to allow the introduction of connecting elements made of wood or wood or metallic or synthetic and of shapes corresponding to the grooves, on the lateral faces in   contact of said beams thus assembled.   4 / Supporting structure (10a) according to any one of   previous claims characterized in that at least '   a part of the dried, stabilized hollowed-out beams (llb) constituting said structure has longitudinal recesses - 8 (17) of rounded shapes, said recesses (17) effectively meeting the sound absorption requirements demanded for certain constructive structures such as floors or noise barriers for non-limiting examples. / Supporting structure according to any one of   previous claims characterized in that at least one   hollowed out, dried, stabilized beams constituting said structure is provided with at least one tension and reinforcement element (18) placed inside the recess and stretched at the ends of the beam (11c) and a wedge ( 19) placed inside the recess of the beam (11c) in the middle, the tensioning and reinforcement element (18) acting on the lower part of the wedge (19) located at a lower horizontal level than that from the ends of the tension element, a vertical force directed towards the upper part of the beam (11lc), so as to underpin said beam (11c) and greatly reinforce the mechanical characteristics by   bending of the whole structure.   6 / Supporting structure according to any one of   previous claims characterized in that at least   two dried hollowed beams stabilized in at least two different horizontal or vertical or sloping planes constituting said structure, aligned in the same longitudinal direction, are interconnected, by gluing and or mechanical means, by means of solid wood pieces or materials derived from wood or metallic or synthetic, introduced into the recesses at the level of the   assembly points of said hollow beams.   7 / Supporting structure according to any one of   previous claims characterized in that at least one   beams hollowed out longitudinally and dried constituting said structure is reinforced by a core of solid wood or materials derived from wood or metal or synthetic, the core and the beam being made inseparable in the bottom area and on the sides of the recess of the beam, by bonding and / or mechanical means.   8 / Supporting structure according to any one of   previous claims characterized in that an insulator   9- thermal and / or phonic thin multilayer, based on reflective films and insulating films, is extended on at least one of the horizontal or vertical planes or sloping inside or outside of said structure, so as to considerably reinforce the thermal insulation qualities   and / or phonic of said supporting structure.