FR2763528A1 - Dust suction head for power tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The suction head has an envelope (100,2000..) which surrounds a tool bit (500). The envelope has an opening (300) to be placed against the surface to be drilled and an orifice (116) to evacuate debris from the envelope. The opening has an edge with cut outs (310) which form passages for air when the opening is placed against the surface. The cut outs are uniformly spaced around the opening.

Description

 The present invention relates to suction and collection devices for debris or dust released by a mechanical attack on a surface. The invention finds a particularly useful application in the case where this surface is constituted by a wall comprising a layer of insulating material containing asbestos. More particularly, the invention relates to devices in which an envelope surrounds a part of the tool, and is connected to a suction tube, thus constituting, on the one hand, a barrier preventing debris from falling to the ground, and d on the other hand a suction chamber preventing the air loaded with dust from spreading in the ambient atmosphere.

 Such a device has been proposed in PCT application WO 95/20440. This device, which can be used in combination with a portable electric tool such as a rotary drill, comprises an elongated tubular casing surrounding the drill bit.

 The tubular casing has a front end intended to abut against a wall on which the drill bit is to be applied, and an opposite end connected to the drill. The envelope is provided with a lateral duct adapted to be connected to a vacuum source. The elongated tubular casing comprises a flexible front sleeve capable of being compressed in the longitudinal direction over a distance equal to the depth of the hole which the drill must form. The element also comprises a substantially rigid part fixed by a clamping device to a rear end of the flexible sleeve. The substantially rigid part comprises a neck of reduced diameter accommodating a fixed tip of the drill. In use, the front end of the flexible sleeve bears against the wall and the sleeve is compressed as the wick enters the wall, the tubular casing forming a sealed envelope around the wick and the mandrel. the drill.

 This device has drawbacks.

 Indeed, when it is fixed on a drill and pressed against a wall, this device constitutes an enclosure of almost perfect sealing. The suction source, connected to the lateral duct, has the effect of evacuating the air contained in the sealed tubular element, and, when a sufficiently high vacuum is obtained in the envelope, the outgoing air flow becomes practically zero. Debris and dust extracted from the wall by the drill bit deposit and stagnate in the tubular casing as long as the front end of the flexible sleeve is pressed against the wall.

Debris and dust are deposited in the envelope during drilling in large quantities, and form clusters in the lower part of the envelope. When the drilling assembly of the tubular casing is removed from the wall and the front end of the flexible sleeve is detached from the wall, a flow of air enters the tubular element through the front opening of the flexible sleeve. The air flow entering the tubular element through the front opening, after detaching it from the wall, must lick the interior walls of the tubular element for a few seconds so that
All of the debris is removed. Debris can also form clusters of sufficiently high compactness that the air flow circulating in the envelope proves to be too weak to entrain them.

 After detachment from the wall, the tubular envelope, held manually by a user, can be driven according to any type of movement. It can in particular be directed so that the front opening of the envelope is presented downwards.

 Debris and dust not yet entrained, or not entrainable by the air flow, can slide out of the envelope under the effect of their weight and be released into the ambient air. Such an incident is unacceptable, particularly in the case of a wall containing asbestos.

 An object of the present invention is to provide a dust suction device forming an envelope around a tool so as to prevent any generation of dust in the ambient air during the attack on a surface with this tool, and in which the dust extracted during the use of the tool is deposited moderately in the envelope, if at all.

 Such a device is a device for the suction of debris released by a mechanical attack on a surface, comprising an envelope capable of surrounding a tool, the envelope having an opening capable of being pressed against the surface to be mechanically attacked, and an orifice for the removal of debris from the envelope, characterized in that the opening has an edge provided with cutouts capable of forming passages for the air when the opening is in abutment against the surface to be attack mechanically.

 Thus, when the device is in abutment against a surface, a flow of air takes place in the envelope, circulating from the wall, through the cutouts of the edge of the opening in abutment against the surface and up to the debris discharge port, so that debris is entrained by this flow of air between the surface and the discharge port as soon as it is released into the envelope.

The device according to the invention may optionally include one or more of the following advantageous characteristics
- the cuts are evenly distributed around the opening.

 the cutouts extend to a part of the edge capable of coming into contact with the surface to be attacked, so that when the edge is in abutment against the surface to be attacked, the cutouts form passages bordered partially by the surface to attack.

 - The device comprises means of attachment to a tool support and the casing extends to the means of attachment to the tool support.

 - The casing has orifices arranged so that when the casing cooperates with a tool support by its attachment means, the orifices are capable of being traversed by a flow of air coming to lick part of the support tool.

 - the cutouts and the orifices form, when the device cooperates on the one hand with a tool support by its attachment means and is on the other hand in abutment against a surface through the opening, passages for air the sum of the areas of which is less than an area of said orifice for the purpose of removing debris from the envelope.

 The envelope forms a substantially cylindrical sleeve which can be compressed manually in a direction parallel to a main axis of the sleeve and in that the sleeve is provided with a rigid neck bordering one of its ends, the rigid neck constituting said edge capable of be pressed against the surface to be attacked.

 - The device comprises a flexible rear sleeve capable of surrounding a wrist of a user, and a front housing of sufficient dimensions to allow movements of the hand in the front housing.

 - The flexible rear sleeve includes attachment means adapted to receive a glove.

 Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows and with reference to the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting example and in which: - Figure 1 is a sectional view a casing for a drill, according to the present invention, along a cutting plane passing through a main axis of a flexible front housing and through a main axis of a lateral suction channel, according to the present invention; - Figure 2 is a top view of a rigid rear housing of the envelope of Figure 1; - Figure 3 is a sectional view of the same envelope and according to the same cutting plane as in Figure 1, in which is engaged a drill.

- Figure 4 is a sectional view of an envelope comprising a flexible rear sleeve and a rigid front housing, according to the present invention; - Figure 5 is a sectional view of an envelope comprising a flexible rear sleeve and a rigid front housing according to a variant of the invention.

 There is shown in Figure 1, an envelope of a suction device according to the present invention. This envelope has three main elements: a rigid rear housing 100, a flexible front sleeve 200, and a rigid support collar 300.

 The rear rigid housing 100 has a wall of substantially frustoconical shape 110 of revolution about a main axis X.

The frustoconical wall 110 extends between two openings whose edges each time form a circle perpendicular to the axis X and centered on this axis. We distinguish among these two circular openings a wide opening 112 and a narrow opening 114. The diameter of the wide opening 112 is
The order of twice that of the narrow opening 114. Between these two openings, the frustoconical part has a length parallel to the axis X which is substantially equal to the diameter of the wide opening 112.

 The circular edge of the wide opening 112 is extended by a cylinder of revolution 120 of the same diameter as the edge of this opening and of the same axis of revolution X as the frustoconical part 110.

 The length of the cylinder 120 is of the order of five times smaller than the length of the frustoconical part, these two lengths being measured parallel to the axis of revolution X. The function of this cylinder 120 is to fit together in the sleeve 200, and to provide, by its cylindrical outer surface, a surface for bonding an internal end edge of the sleeve 200.

 Similarly, the edge of the narrow opening 114 of the frustoconical portion 110 is extended by a substantially cylindrical wall 130, of the same diameter as the opening 114 and of the same axis of revolution X as the frustoconical portion 110. The cylinder 130 has a length substantially equal to half the length of the frustoconical wall 110, these two lengths being measured parallel to the axis X.

 As shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical part 130 has in the upper part a longitudinal slot 133, parallel to the axis X. This slot crosses the cylindrical wall 130 through its thickness, and it extends from the edge of the wall cylindrical 130 which is opposite to the frustoconical wall 110 until it comes to protrude from the narrow opening 114 in the frustoconical wall 110.

 The two longitudinal edges of the slot 133 are extended over substantially their entire length by walls 132 and 134 extending substantially in the same radial direction relative to the axis of revolution X. The walls 132 and 134 are therefore parallel l one to the other and distant from each other by a distance equal to the width of the slot 133.

 Each of these two walls has a central opening. Through these two central holes passes the same screw 136, which is engaged in a nut 138.

 The frustoconical wall 110 has an orifice 116 which is diametrically opposed to the slot 133 with respect to the axis X. The orifice 116 has a diameter substantially equal to half that of the narrow opening 114 of the frustoconical wall 110.

 The orifice 116 is a circular orifice the center of which is located in the running part of the frustoconical wall 110, and in a vertical plane passing through the axis X and the slot 133.

 The edges of the orifice 116 are extended in a radial direction relative to the axis X by a tubular conduit 140. The tubular conduit 140 comes, for example, from molding with the frustoconical wall 110.

 The conduit 140 extends over a length approximately equal to one and a half times the width of a hand, so that it constitutes a handle for gripping the device.

 To reinforce the solidity and the rigidity of the assembly, a stiffener 145 is arranged in an acute angle formed between the external wall of the tubular conduit 140 and the frustoconical wall 110.

 This stiffener is placed in a plane parallel to the axis X and parallel to the radial axis on which the tubular conduit 140 extends.

 The frustoconical wall 110 has three circular orifices 118 disposed at the edge of the narrow opening 114. Each of these orifices has an area substantially equal to one tenth of the area of the orifice 116.

The three holes 118 have their centers located in the same vertical plane perpendicular to the axis X. These holes 118 are all three at the same distance from the edge 114, measured parallel to the axis X, which is substantially equal to the width orifices 118.

 A first orifice 118 is placed in the section plane of FIG. 1, above the axis X, that is to say on a part of the wall 110 which is opposite to the part carrying the orifice 116, relative to the X axis. The two other air inlet orifices 118 have their centers arranged in the same horizontal plane passing through the X axis.

 As mentioned previously, the rear rigid housing 100 is complementaryly fitted into the deformable tube 200. More precisely, the rigid housing 100 is engaged in the tube 200 over a length approximately equal to the length of the cylindrical wall 120.

 In this position, a main axis of revolution of the tube coincides with the axis X previously mentioned.

 The tube 200 consists of a plastic membrane cast on a metal frame forming a rod wound in a spiral like a helical spring.

 Such tubes are commonly used to convey gases or liquids, such as air or hydrocarbons. The tube 200 has the property of being compressible by hand longitudinally with respect to its axis of revolution, and of being deformable radially with respect to this same axis.

 Thus, the walls of the tube 200 do not move away radially under the effect of an internal pressure, and conversely they do not contract when approaching the axis of revolution of the tube 200 under the effect of an internal depression .

 The tube 200 receives, at its end opposite to that receiving the rigid rear housing 100, a cylindrical end wall 300 of rigid plastic material, the general dimensions of which are similar to those of the cylindrical wall 120 of the rigid housing 100. The wall cylindrical end 300 is engaged in a coaxial and complementary manner in the tube 200, on its half-length, so that it protrudes from the tube 200, on its complementary half-length, forming an end neck of the tube 200 .

 This neck 300 comprises six cut-outs in semicircles referenced 310, which open on its edge projecting from the tube 200. More precisely, the centers of the semicircles 310 are placed on a circular mean line having the axis of revolution as the X axis, partly formed by the edge of the neck 300 which is opposite to the tube 200. These cutouts therefore each form a half-disc passage on the edge of the neck 300.

 The radii of the semicircles 310 are substantially equal to the diameters of the orifices 118, so that the area of each of the half-discs has an area less than one tenth of the area of the orifice 116 of the frustoconical wall 110.

 FIG. 3 shows an envelope identical to that which has just been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, mounted on a drill 500.

The drill 500 has a body 510 extended forwards by an output shaft 520 forming a mandrel 530 in which a forest 540 is maintained.

 The output shaft 520 extends from a part of the body 510 forming a cylindrical drum 515 having the same axis of revolution as the output shaft 520. The cylindrical contour of the drum 515 has a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of the cylindrical wall 130.

 In FIG. 3, the drum 515 is engaged in a coaxial and complementary manner inside the cylindrical wall 130. The casing has been mounted in this arrangement by passing the forest 540, the mandrel 530 and the drum 515 through the opening of the rigid housing 100 delimited by the cylindrical wall 130.

 In the arrangement shown in Figure 3, a screwing of the screw 136 in the nut 138 causes the walls 132 and 134 to come together, and the drum 515 to be tightened by the cylindrical wall 130. The wall 130 therefore constitutes a clamp in the diameter is reduced by screwing the screw 136 into the nut 138.

 The cylindrical wall 130 advantageously has a length, measured parallel to its axis of revolution, which is less than that of the drum 515, so that the drum 515 protrudes inside the wall through the narrow opening 114 of the wall tapered 110.

 According to a variant of the invention not shown, the cylindrical wall 130 may not have walls 132 and 134, but be surrounded by a collar constituted by a looped metal strip, capable of being tightened around the wall 130 by the through a clamping screw.

 According to a variant of the invention, the tightening screw 136 may have a screw head capable of receiving in a complementary manner a tip of a tightening key specifically intended for tightening the mandrel 530 around the forest 540.

 As can be seen in FIG. 3, the envelope extends from the drum 515 of the drill 500 until it comes beyond the end of the forest 540, that is to say on the side opposite to the drill 500 compared to forest 540.

The tip of the forest 540 therefore does not exceed the envelope.

 The flexible sleeve 200 advantageously has a longitudinal length and compressibility such that the neck 300 can be translated in the direction of the drill 500, for example by pressing the hand on the edge of this neck, by a distance greater than the length of the part of the forest which protrudes from the mandrel 530.

 The plastic material constituting the sleeve 200 is advantageously a transparent material making it possible to control the piercing with the eye.

 Once the envelope has been fixed to the drill according to the arrangement in FIG. 3, its use is as follows.

 The first step consists in connecting the cylindrical suction channel 140 to a suction pipe connected to a suitable vacuum cleaner, this vacuum cleaner being provided with a dust filter. This dust filter is preferably a filter capable of retaining a high proportion of dust in the case where it is desired to pierce a wall containing asbestos. Such filters are known as absolute filters.

 Once the vacuum cleaner is in operation, it generates a constant flow of air leaving the envelope through channel 140. This outgoing air flow is compensated by an air flow entering the envelope mainly through the opening of the tube 200 which is bordered by the neck 300.

 The drill unit I envelope is then approached a wall to be drilled, the tube 200 and the forest 540 being directed towards this wall. The edge of the neck 300 provided with cutouts is the first to come into contact with the wall. This edge is pressed against the wall, forming a support zone of the envelope on the wall which is substantially circular.

 The opening bordered by the neck 300 is then obscured by the surface of the wall. More specifically, the only air inlet passages remaining when the neck 300 is in abutment against the wall are the cutouts 130 at the edge of the neck, and the orifices 118 positioned on the frustoconical wall 110. The air flow entering the envelope, capable of compensating for the air flow exiting through the channel 140, is therefore channeled in the cutouts 310 and the orifices 118.

 The drill assembly I envelope is brought closer to the wall, so that the tube 200 is compressed in proximity to the drill 500.

Forest 540 penetrates the wall, and releases a flow of dust and debris.

 This dust released into the envelope is entrained by air flows leaving the air inlet openings formed by the cutouts 310 and the orifices 118 and directed towards the suction opening 116 arranged on the frustoconical wall 110.

 The sum of the areas of the cutouts 310 and the orifices 118 being less than the cross-sectional area of the suction orifice 116 of the frustoconical wall 110, the speed of the air entering the envelope through the passages bordered by the cutouts 310 and through the orifices 118 is at least equal to the speed of the air sucked in at the suction channel 140.

This speed is adjustable according to the power of the vacuum cleaner.

 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sum of the areas delimited by the cutouts 310 and the areas of the orifices 118 is equal to the area of the orifice 116 so that the speeds of the air entering through these different passages are substantially equal to the speed of the air exiting through the orifice 116.

 The passages 310 are advantageously placed on the edge of the neck 300 which comes into contact with the wall, and more precisely these passages advantageously have an open outline and opening onto this same edge, so that the air flow entering the envelope at through these passages licks the surface of the wall surrounded by the pass 300.

 The six cutouts 310 being arranged at a constant angular spacing around the axis X, the flows returning through these cutouts form a centripetal air circulation towards the central axis X, capable of repelling the dust released by the wall towards the 'central axis X of the envelope.

 This effect can be called the dynamic containment effect.

 Furthermore, the orifices 118 arranged in the frustoconical wall 110 are advantageously placed in a plane perpendicular to the axis X which is located on the one hand between an end face of the drum 515, which is opposite the mandrel 530, and on the other hand a face of the mandrel 530 which is opposite the reel 515, so that the air flows entering the envelope through the orifices 118 are channeled in the space between these two sides, so as to stir the air contained therein and to lick the internal walls of this space. Thus, the orifices 118 generate an air circulation between the mandrel 530 and the drum 515 capable of avoiding deposits of dust in this zone having a particularly large concavity.

 One can provide, in the case of another tool, a similar arrangement of orifices facing parts of the tool having a particular concavity.

 An air flow takes place in the envelope, circulating from the wall, through the cutouts of the edge of the opening resting against the surface and up to the debris discharge orifice, so that the debris are entrained by this air flow between the surface and the evacuation orifice as soon as they are released in the envelope.

 Once the forest is engaged in the wall as desired, the drill unit I envelope is driven away from the wall. The tube 200 deploys by elasticity along the forest, thereby ensuring the support of the neck 300 against the wall during the extraction of the forest from the wall. The tube 200 being able, at rest, to cover the entire length of the forest 540, the neck 300 is held in abutment against the wall during a transient phase where the forest 540 is completely extracted from the wall.

 During this transitional phase, the forest no longer conveys dust from the wall, and the air flows entering through the cutouts 310 lick the surface surrounding the hole made.

When the tube 200 is then moved away from the wall, the surface located around the hole is left sufficiently dusty enough for it
no release of dust occurs following the detachment of the envelope 200 relative to the wall.

 FIG. 4 shows a variant of the invention comprising a rigid housing 600 and a flexible skirt 700.

 The housing 600 forms a parallelepipedal tank, the bottom of which is constituted by a wall 620 of square shape. Four side walls extend perpendicular to the bottom 620 from each of the four edges of the bottom 620.

 Preferably, the side walls of the tank formed by the housing 600 extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the bottom 620 of the housing over a distance which is less than half the width of the bottom 620.

 Thus, the housing 600 forms a parallelepipedal box which extends parallel to the plane of the bottom 620 of the housing 600 and of which the face which is opposite the bottom 620 is missing.

 The housing 600 forming a tray is shown in Figure 4 in the position pressed against a wall 900 via free edges of its side walls. The opening of the tray corresponding to the missing face is then obscured by the surface of the wall 900.

 The side walls of the housing 600 have cutouts 610 whose contours are open on the free edges of the side walls. These cutouts 610 here have rectangular contours. In a variant of the invention not shown, the cutouts 610 can be semi-circular as in the case of the device in FIGS. 1 to 3. The cutouts 610 are distributed uniformly along the contour of the opening of the container formed by the housing 600. They have a function similar to that of the cutouts 310 from the neck 300 of the envelope of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

 The housing 600 has, on its bottom wall 620 which is opposite the wall 900 in the arrangement of FIG. 4, a circular passage 615 bordered by a rigid collar 617. The collar 617 has a substantially cylindrical internal face surrounding in a complementary manner an internal collar 720 also of cylindrical shape.

 The collar 720 is extended in a sealed manner and substantially perpendicular to the surface of the wall 900, by a sleeve 730 made of flexible plastic material. The sleeve 730 extends to a rigid ring 740 to which it is also tightly fixed.

 The rigid ring 740 is preferably provided with means allowing a tight fixing on another ring of similar dimensions, not shown.

 These means may be fingers extending radially outward relative to a center of the ring 740, and capable of being engaged in internal grooves of a complementary ring of slightly larger general dimensions. This type of attachment between two rings is used in particular in the field of photography, where it is known by the name of quarter turn attachment.

 The complementary ring, not shown, can be fixed in a complementary and waterproof manner around any tool, such as the wrist of a flexible glove. In the latter case, the glove then extends the flexible sleeve 730 towards the inside of the housing 600.

 In a variant of the invention not shown, the ring 740 can be provided with clamping means similar to those of the device of FIGS. 1 to 3, and the ring 740 can be intended to surround a cylindrical drum of a drill similar to the drum 515 described previously in the case of the device in FIGS. 1 to 3.

 The housing 600 covers an area of the wall which is approximately ten times larger than the area of the opening 615 of the housing 600. Thus, the housing 600 constitutes a working enclosure inside which a user can perform movements with your hand, such as scraping the wall with a squeegee.

 More generally, the flexibility of the sleeve 730 allows movements of any type of tool support, such as the user's hand or the body of a drill, relative to the housing 600.

The user having coated the glove described above, he can perform all types of work on the surface of the wall, using tools arranged in
The enclosure, or by direct action of the hand on the surface of the wall. The possibility of manually seizing debris present on the wall, or fallen in the lower part of the envelope is particularly useful in the case of a deflocculation of asbestos.

 The housing 600 has, on a lower side wall, a suction opening 616 connected to a vacuum cleaner, not shown.

 Again, the sum of the areas delimited by the contours 610, located between the wall 900 and the side walls of the housing 600, is less than the area of the opening 616. Thus, when the air contained in the envelope is sucked in through the opening 616, incoming air flows take place in the passages delimited by the cutouts 610 and by the wall 900, the speed of the air within these incoming air flows being at least equal to the speed of the air leaving the enclosure 600 at the opening 616.

 Here again, air flows are obtained entering through the passages delimited by the cutouts 610 which are capable of sweeping the surface of the wall 900 covered by the housing 600, these flows being directed from the side walls of the housing 600 towards a central area of the wall surface covered by the housing.

 Thanks to the dynamic confinement effect thus obtained, it is possible to slightly detach the housing 600 from the wall 900, to introduce a tool inside the housing 600, without significant release of dust into the ambient air.

 A grid 618 covers the outlet opening 616. Its function is to stop debris the size of which would clog the vacuum cleaner, not shown. In the case where the operation to be carried out on the wall 900 is an asbestos deflocation, clumps of fibers retained by the grid can be easily crumbled by hand by the user in the case where a glove

 The housing 600 is advantageously made of a transparent plastic material such as polymethyl methacrylate manufactured by Altulor under the name of Altuglass, to allow the user to visually check the work carried out.

 The device shown in FIG. 5 differs from that of FIG. 4 only in that the rigid housing 600 is provided with a transparent oblique wall 625 inclined at 45 "relative to the plane of the wall 900 and parallel to a parallel horizontal axis. to the wall 900. This oblique wall 625 is arranged in place of an upper horizontal rear edge of the housing 600 of FIG. 4. The wall 600 constitutes an observation window perpendicular to an axis of observation of the user, when this one carries out work on the part of the wall 900 surrounded by the envelope 600.

 In a variant of the invention, the housing 600 can be equipped with retaining handles, orifices suitable for receiving screws for fixing the latter on the wall 900, or a foot enabling it to be held against the wall.

 Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments which have just been described, but extends to any variant in accordance with its spirit. Thus, it can be adapted to a mechanical attack on any type of surface, such as a floor or a ceiling.

 Likewise, an envelope in accordance with the invention can be adapted to any type of tool, such as a rotary brush, a sander or for example an impact tool such as an air hammer.

Claims (9)

 1. Device for the suction of debris released by a mechanical attack on a surface, comprising an envelope (100,200,300,600,730) capable of surrounding a tool (500,530,540), the envelope (100,200,300,600,730) having an opening (300) capable of being put in abutment against the surface (900) to be attacked mechanically, and an orifice (116,616) for the removal of debris from the envelope (100,200,300,600,730), characterized in that the opening has an edge provided with cutouts (310 , 610) able to form passages for air when the opening is in abutment against the surface to be mechanically attacked.  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutouts (310, 610) are uniformly distributed around the opening.  3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cutouts (310, 610) extend to a part of the edge capable of coming into contact with the surface to be attacked, so that when the edge is in abutment against the surface to be attacked, the cutouts form passages bordered partially by the surface to be attacked.  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises means of attachment (130,740) to a tool holder (500), and in that the casing (100,200,300,600,730) extends up to 'to the means of attachment (130, 740) to the tool support (500).  5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the envelope (100,200,300,600,730) has orifices (118) arranged so that when the envelope cooperates with a tool support (500) by its attachment means (130 , 740), the orifices (118) are capable of being traversed by a flow of air coming to lick a part (515, 520, 530) of the tool support (500).  6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the cutouts (610, 310) and the orifices (118) form, when the device cooperates on the one hand with a tool support (500) by its means d 'fastener (130, 740) and is further supported against a surface through the opening, air passages whose sum of areas is less than an area of said orifice (116,616) in sight evacuation of debris from the envelope (100,200,300,600,730).  7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the envelope (100,200,300,600,730) forms a substantially cylindrical sleeve (200) compressible manually in a direction parallel to a main axis (x) of the sleeve (200) and in that that the sleeve (200) is provided with a rigid neck (300) bordering one of its ends, the rigid neck (300) constituting said edge capable of being pressed against the surface to be attacked.  8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a flexible rear sleeve (730) capable of surrounding a wrist of a user, and a front case (600) of sufficient dimensions to allow movements d a hand of a user in the front housing (600).  9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the flexible rear sleeve (730) comprises attachment means (740) adapted to receive a glove.