FR2707737A1 - Liquid fuel spray nozzle, especially for a gas turbine or the like - Google Patents

Liquid fuel spray nozzle, especially for a gas turbine or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2707737A1
FR2707737A1 FR9308664A FR9308664A FR2707737A1 FR 2707737 A1 FR2707737 A1 FR 2707737A1 FR 9308664 A FR9308664 A FR 9308664A FR 9308664 A FR9308664 A FR 9308664A FR 2707737 A1 FR2707737 A1 FR 2707737A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
fuel
nozzle
swirl
passage
nozzle body
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Granted
Application number
FR9308664A
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French (fr)
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FR2707737B1 (en
Inventor
Ansart Denis
Barbier Gerard
Ciccia Patrick
Quinqueneau Bruno
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Priority to FR9308664A priority Critical patent/FR2707737B1/en
Publication of FR2707737A1 publication Critical patent/FR2707737A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2707737B1 publication Critical patent/FR2707737B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/38Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid fuel spray nozzle especially for a gas turbine or the like including a nozzle body (2) defining a passage (4) communicating with an orifice (5) formed transversely downstream of the said nozzle body (2) and designed to discharge the fuel and a swirl-creating device arranged in the said passage (4) and designed to impart a swirling movement to the said fuel, the said nozzle body (2) exhibiting an overall conical internal surface (7) between the said swirl device and the said orifice (5), characterised in that the swirl device includes a cylindrical body (9) arranged transversely in the said passage (4) and in which cylindrical ducts 11 evenly distributed about the axis (3) of the said nozzle body (2) and forming an angle with the said axis are formed.

Description

Buse de pulvérisation de combustible liauide. Liquid fuel spray nozzle.

notamment pour une turbine à gaz ou analogue
La présente invention est relative à des buses d'injection de combustible liquide et notamment des buses de pulvérisation de combustible liquide pour une turbine à gaz ou analogue.
especially for a gas turbine or the like
The present invention relates to liquid fuel injection nozzles and in particular liquid fuel spray nozzles for a gas turbine or the like.

Les turbines à gaz telles qu'utilisées pour la propulsion des avions par exemple, comprennent en général une série de buses à combustible liquide qui injectent celui-ci dans la chambre de combustion sous la forme de cônes de pulvérisation. Gas turbines as used for propelling aircraft, for example, generally include a series of liquid fuel nozzles which inject the fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of spray cones.

Pour favoriser le mélange de l'air et du carburant, il est connu d'imprimer au cône de pulvérisation un mouvement tourbillonnant. To promote the mixing of air and fuel, it is known to impart a swirling movement to the spray cone.

Les chambres de combustion des turbomachines aéronautiques actuelles sont alimentées en carburant par l'intermédiaire d'injecteurs aéromécaniques qui comportent:
au centre, un injecteur mécanique de carburant équipé d'un doseur;
autour de l'injecteur central, une seconde arrivée de carburant qui est mise en rotation par une vrille qui possède en général une section évolutive de forme hélicoïdale;
concentriquement à cette seconde arrivée de carburant, une arrivée d'air également mise en rotation par des vrilles qui peuvent être axiales ou radiales, de manière à pulvériser et vaporiser le carburant à sa sortie de l'injecteur.
The combustion chambers of current aeronautical turbomachines are supplied with fuel via aeromechanical injectors which include:
in the center, a mechanical fuel injector fitted with a metering device;
around the central injector, a second fuel inlet which is rotated by a spin which generally has an evolving section of helical shape;
concentric to this second fuel inlet, an air inlet also rotated by tendrils which may be axial or radial, so as to spray and vaporize the fuel at its outlet from the injector.

La réalisation des vrilles d'air ne pose pas de gros problèmes d'usinage, du fait de leurs dimensions. The production of air tendrils does not pose major machining problems, because of their dimensions.

II n'en est pas de même en ce qui concerne les vrilles d'arrivée de carburant de très petites sections. Ces vrilles se présentent en général sous la forme de canaux hélicoïdaux usinés par électroérosion et sont d'un prix de revient très élevé. It is not the same with regard to fuel tendrils of very small sections. These tendrils are generally in the form of helical channels machined by EDM and are of a very high cost price.

L'état de la technique est illustré par les documents
US-A-4 395874 et FR-A-2 039 104.
The state of the art is illustrated by the documents
US-A-4 395874 and FR-A-2 039 104.

Le brevet US-A-4 395 874 dévoile une buse de forme conique terminée par un orifice d'évacuation de combustible qui comporte en amont de la chambre Vortex un dispositif de tourbillonnement du carburant. Ce brevet ne donne pas de précisions sur ce dispositif de tourbillonnement. US-A-4 395 874 discloses a conical nozzle terminated by a fuel discharge orifice which comprises, upstream of the Vortex chamber, a fuel swirl device. This patent does not give any details on this swirl device.

FR-A-2 039 104 montre également, dans la figure 1, une buse de pulvérisation qui comporte un bouchon de tourbillonnement présentant sur sa paroi extérieure conique des fentes faisant un certain angle avec l'axe de la buse et tangentiels à la paroi conique de la chambre Vortex 4, et, dans la figure 2, une buse à orifice double comportant des passages de tourbillonnement primaires 21 et secondaires 28. FR-A-2 039 104 also shows, in FIG. 1, a spray nozzle which comprises a swirl plug having on its conical outer wall slots making an angle with the axis of the nozzle and tangential to the conical wall of the Vortex chamber 4, and, in FIG. 2, a nozzle with a double orifice comprising primary swirling passages 21 and secondary 28.

On peut également mentionner GB-A-2 214 630 qui montre dans la figure 5, une vrille de tourbillonnement comportant un anneau présentant des trous dirigés axialement et tangentiellement. Cette vrille de tourbillonnement est destinée à mettre en rotation un flux d'air. One can also mention GB-A-2 214 630 which shows in FIG. 5, a swirl spin having a ring having holes directed axially and tangentially. This swirl spin is intended to rotate an air flow.

Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une buse qui soit d'un prix de revient peu élevé, en remplaçant les vrilles hélicoïdales par un usinage classique de forme cylindrique. The object of the present invention is to provide a nozzle which is of a low cost price, by replacing the helical tendrils by a conventional machining of cylindrical shape.

L'invention concerne donc une buse de pulvérisation de combustible liquide, notamment pour une turbine à gaz ou analogue qui comporte un corps de buse définissant un passage communiquant avec un orifice ménagé transversalement en aval dudit corps de buse et destiné à l'évacuation du combustible sous forme d'un cône de pulvérisation, et un dispositif de tourbillonnement disposé dans ledit passage et destiné à communiquer un mouvement de tourbillonnement audit combustible; ledit corps de buse présentant une surface intérieure globalement conique entre ledit dispositif de tourbillonnement et ledit orifice, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de tourbillonnement comporte un corps cylindrique disposé transversalement dans ledit passage et dans lequel sont ménagés des canaux cylindriques régulièrement répartis angulairement autour de l'axe dudit corps de buse et faisant un angle (A) avec ledit axe.  The invention therefore relates to a nozzle for spraying liquid fuel, in particular for a gas turbine or the like which comprises a nozzle body defining a passage communicating with an orifice formed transversely downstream of said nozzle body and intended for discharging the fuel. in the form of a spray cone, and a swirl device arranged in said passage and intended to communicate a swirl movement to said fuel; said nozzle body having a generally conical inner surface between said swirl device and said orifice, characterized in that the swirl device comprises a cylindrical body arranged transversely in said passage and in which are formed cylindrical channels regularly distributed angularly around the axis of said nozzle body and making an angle (A) with said axis.

Avantageusement, ledit corps cylindrique comporte, en outre, un alésage central pour le montage d'un injecteur mécanique de combustible. Advantageously, said cylindrical body further comprises a central bore for mounting a mechanical fuel injector.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:
la figure 1 montre un schéma de principe de l'implantation d'une buse de pulvérisation selon l'invention dans le nez d'un injecteur aéromécanique,
la figure 2 est une vue en perspective et partiellement en coupe de la buse de pulvérisation de la figure 1,
la figure 3 montre en perspective la vrille de tourbillonnement,
la figure 4 est une vue de la face aval de la vrille de tourbillonnement,
la figure 5 est une coupe selon la ligne V V de la figure 4,
la figure 6 est un schéma de principe montrant la circulation du combustible liquide dans la chambre Vortex.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge on reading the following description given by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the implantation of a spray nozzle according to the invention in the nose of an aeromechanical injector,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially in section, of the spray nozzle of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows in perspective the swirl spin,
FIG. 4 is a view of the downstream face of the swirl spin,
FIG. 5 is a section along the line VV in FIG. 4,
Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the flow of liquid fuel in the Vortex chamber.

La figure 1 montre un schéma d'implantation d'une buse 1 de pulvérisation de combustible liquide dans le nez d'un injecteur aéromécanique 1 a disposé dans le fond d'une chambre de combustion non représentée. FIG. 1 shows a layout diagram of a nozzle 1 for spraying liquid fuel into the nose of an aeromechanical injector 1 placed in the bottom of a combustion chamber, not shown.

La buse 1 comporte un corps de buse 2 d'axe 3 dans lequel est ménagé un passage intérieur 4 qui débouche en aval de la buse 1 par un orifice d'évacuation 5. The nozzle 1 comprises a nozzle body 2 with an axis 3 in which an internal passage 4 is formed which opens downstream of the nozzle 1 through a discharge orifice 5.

Le passage 4 est délimité en amont par une surface intérieure cylindrique 6 et en aval par une surface globalement conique 7. The passage 4 is delimited upstream by a cylindrical interior surface 6 and downstream by a generally conical surface 7.

Cette surface globalement conique délimite une chambre
Vortex 8 qui communique avec l'extérieur par l'orifice d'évacuation 5.
This generally conical surface delimits a chamber
Vortex 8 which communicates with the outside through the discharge port 5.

Un corps cylindrique 9 est disposé transversalement dans le passage 4. Dans ce corps cylindrique 9 sont ménagés, d'une part, un alésage central 10 d'axe 3, et, d'autre part, une pluralité de canaux cylindriques 11 régulièrement répartis angulairement au voisinage de la périphérie du corps cylindrique 9.  A cylindrical body 9 is arranged transversely in the passage 4. In this cylindrical body 9 are formed, on the one hand, a central bore 10 of axis 3, and, on the other hand, a plurality of cylindrical channels 11 regularly distributed angularly in the vicinity of the periphery of the cylindrical body 9.

Les canaux 11 sont non coplanaires avec l'axe 3 du corps de buse 2 et ils sont inclinés d'un angle A par rapport à la direction de l'axe 3. Ils débouchent sur la face aval 12 du corps cylindrique 9 en regard de la surface globalement conique 7. The channels 11 are not coplanar with the axis 3 of the nozzle body 2 and they are inclined at an angle A relative to the direction of the axis 3. They open onto the downstream face 12 of the cylindrical body 9 opposite the generally conical surface 7.

L'alésage central 10 est destiné à l'installation d'un injecteur mécanique de carburant équipé d'un doseur. The central bore 10 is intended for the installation of a mechanical fuel injector equipped with a metering device.

Les canaux 1 1 ont un diamètre déterminé selon l'utilisation de la buse d'injection 1. The channels 1 1 have a diameter determined according to the use of the injection nozzle 1.

Lorsque du combustible liquide sous pression est introduit dans le passage 4 en amont du corps cylindrique 9, le combustible traversant les canaux 1 1 est projeté obliquement contre la surface conique 7, ce qui met en rotation le combustible dans la chambre Vortex 8. When pressurized liquid fuel is introduced into the passage 4 upstream of the cylindrical body 9, the fuel passing through the channels 1 1 is projected obliquely against the conical surface 7, which rotates the fuel in the Vortex chamber 8.

Cette mise en rotation est provoquée par l'angle A et par la position du point d'impact du combustible sur la surface conique 7. This rotation is caused by the angle A and by the position of the point of impact of the fuel on the conical surface 7.

Le combustible aura d'autant plus tendance à être mis en rotation dans la chambre Vortex 8 que l'angle A est élevé et que les canaux 11 sont éloignés de l'axe 3. The fuel will be all the more likely to be rotated in the Vortex chamber 8 as the angle A is high and the channels 11 are distant from the axis 3.

De plus, le combustible est accéléré dans la chambre
Vortex 8 de part la diminution progressive de la section transversale de la chambre Vortex entre le corps cylindrique 9 et l'orifice d'évacuation 5.
In addition, the fuel is accelerated in the chamber
Vortex 8 due to the gradual decrease in the cross section of the Vortex chamber between the cylindrical body 9 and the discharge orifice 5.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Buse de pulvérisation de combustible liquide, notamment pour une turbine à gaz ou analogue, comportant un corps de buse (2) définissant un passage (4) communiquant avec un orifice (5) ménagé transversalement en aval dudit corps de buse (2) et destiné à l'évacuation du combustible et un dispositif de tourbillonnement disposé dans ledit passage (4) et destiné à communiquer un mouvement de tourbillonnement audit combustible, ledit corps de buse (2) présentant une surface intérieure globalement conique (7) entre ledit dispositif de tourbillonnement et ledit orifice (5), caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de tourbillonnement comporte un corps cylindrique (9) disposé transversalement dans ledit passage (4) et dans lequel sont ménagés des canaux cylindriques Il régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe (3) dudit corps de buse (2) et faisant un angle (A) avec ledit axe. 1. Nozzle for spraying liquid fuel, in particular for a gas turbine or the like, comprising a nozzle body (2) defining a passage (4) communicating with an orifice (5) formed transversely downstream of said nozzle body (2) and intended for discharging the fuel and a swirl device arranged in said passage (4) and intended to communicate a swirl movement to said fuel, said nozzle body (2) having a generally conical interior surface (7) between said device swirl and said orifice (5), characterized in that the swirl device comprises a cylindrical body (9) disposed transversely in said passage (4) and in which are formed cylindrical channels II regularly distributed around the axis (3 ) of said nozzle body (2) and at an angle (A) with said axis. 2. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le corps cylindrique (9) comporte, en outre, un alésage central (1 o).  2. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical body (9) further comprises a central bore (1 o).
FR9308664A 1993-07-15 1993-07-15 Liquid fuel spray nozzle, especially for a gas turbine or the like. Expired - Lifetime FR2707737B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9308664A FR2707737B1 (en) 1993-07-15 1993-07-15 Liquid fuel spray nozzle, especially for a gas turbine or the like.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9308664A FR2707737B1 (en) 1993-07-15 1993-07-15 Liquid fuel spray nozzle, especially for a gas turbine or the like.

Publications (2)

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FR2707737A1 true FR2707737A1 (en) 1995-01-20
FR2707737B1 FR2707737B1 (en) 1995-08-25

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE332438C (en) * 1918-10-10 1921-01-31 Basf Ag Liquid distributor
US1816645A (en) * 1931-02-06 1931-07-28 Giordano Joseph Spray nozzle
FR851714A (en) * 1939-03-16 1940-01-13 Improvements to agricultural sprayers
DE1949449A1 (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-04-08 Lechler Appbau Kg Atomising nozzle producing solid or hollow - cone "jet"
US4186877A (en) * 1976-06-25 1980-02-05 Delavan Manufacturing Company By-pass nozzles
EP0426477A2 (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-08 Halliburton Company Burner nozzle

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE332438C (en) * 1918-10-10 1921-01-31 Basf Ag Liquid distributor
US1816645A (en) * 1931-02-06 1931-07-28 Giordano Joseph Spray nozzle
FR851714A (en) * 1939-03-16 1940-01-13 Improvements to agricultural sprayers
DE1949449A1 (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-04-08 Lechler Appbau Kg Atomising nozzle producing solid or hollow - cone "jet"
US4186877A (en) * 1976-06-25 1980-02-05 Delavan Manufacturing Company By-pass nozzles
EP0426477A2 (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-05-08 Halliburton Company Burner nozzle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2707737B1 (en) 1995-08-25

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