EP3877699B1 - Injector nozzle for turbomachine comprising a primary fuel circuit arranged around a secondary fuel circuit - Google Patents
Injector nozzle for turbomachine comprising a primary fuel circuit arranged around a secondary fuel circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3877699B1 EP3877699B1 EP19848993.2A EP19848993A EP3877699B1 EP 3877699 B1 EP3877699 B1 EP 3877699B1 EP 19848993 A EP19848993 A EP 19848993A EP 3877699 B1 EP3877699 B1 EP 3877699B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- primary
- injector nose
- fuel circuit
- channel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 102
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
- F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00016—Preventing or reducing deposit build-up on burner parts, e.g. from carbon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00004—Preventing formation of deposits on surfaces of gas turbine components, e.g. coke deposits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/283—Attaching or cooling of fuel injecting means including supports for fuel injectors, stems, or lances
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general field of fuel injectors which equip the combustion chamber of a turbomachine, in particular a turbomachine of the type intended for the propulsion of aircraft.
- the combustion chambers of turbomachines are generally equipped with fuel injectors associated with premixing systems, commonly referred to as “injection systems”, generally comprising one or more swirls (axial and/or radial), also referred to as “swirls ”, which use the air coming from a compressor arranged upstream of the combustion chamber to spray the fuel into the combustion chamber.
- injection systems generally comprising one or more swirls (axial and/or radial), also referred to as “swirls ”, which use the air coming from a compressor arranged upstream of the combustion chamber to spray the fuel into the combustion chamber.
- aerodynamic injectors which mainly use the pressure and air velocity at the compressor outlet to rotate the fuel at the outlet of the injector nose
- aeromechanical injectors which use primarily fuel pressure inside the injector nose to spin up and atomize the fuel
- the nozzles of the dual fuel circuit injectors comprise a primary fuel circuit, also called the pilot circuit, comprising a primary fuel swirl supplying a primary injector (also called the pilot injector) arranged on an axis of the injector nose, and a secondary fuel circuit, also called the main circuit, comprising a secondary fuel swirl feeding a secondary injector (also called the main injector) arranged around the primary injector.
- a primary fuel circuit also called the pilot circuit
- a secondary fuel circuit also called the main circuit
- secondary fuel circuit also called the main circuit
- secondary fuel circuit also called the main circuit
- secondary injector also called the main injector
- These may be aero-mechanical injectors or a combination of an aeromechanical primary injector and an aerodynamic secondary injector.
- the primary circuit is generally intended to supply the combustion chamber with fuel at all speeds, in particular during the ignition and winding phases, that is to say propagation of the flame to neighboring sectors.
- the secondary circuit is intended to supply the engine at speeds ranging from cruising flight to takeoff.
- the nozzles of the injectors are generally subjected to the high temperatures of the combustion chamber, which causes a risk of coking of the stagnant fuel within the secondary fuel circuit at the speeds of the turbomachine at which the secondary injector does not is not in operation.
- a known solution consists in arranging a cooling air circuit on the periphery of the injector nose in order to provide thermal protection and thermal cooling of the entire injector nose.
- the injector nozzles presented in these documents do not, however, allow the injection of air between the primary and secondary injectors.
- the object of the invention is in particular to remedy this problem while limiting the radial size of the injector nose.
- an injector nose for a turbomachine comprising a primary fuel circuit terminated by a fuel ejection nozzle opening onto an injection axis, and a secondary fuel circuit comprising a fuel ejection terminal part of annular shape arranged around the fuel ejection nozzle, and in which an upstream part of the primary fuel circuit, housed in the injector nose, comprises an annular channel extending around the secondary fuel circuit and delimited by an outer wall of the injector nose.
- the injector nose further comprises air inlet channels extending through the annular channel of the primary fuel circuit and having respective inlets opening in the outer wall and respective outlets opening into an annular air injection channel arranged radially inward with respect to the fuel ejection terminal part, around the fuel ejection nozzle, and cooperating with the fuel ejection terminal part to form an aerodynamic secondary injector.
- the upstream part of the primary circuit thus makes it possible to provide thermal protection and cooling of the injector nose, in particular of the secondary circuit around which extends the upstream part of the primary circuit.
- air inlet channels which extend through the annular channel of the primary fuel circuit and have respective inlets opening in the outer wall and respective outlets opening into an annular channel air injector arranged radially inward relative to the fuel ejection terminal part, allows the injection of air intended to mix with the fuel of the secondary fuel circuit within the injector nose , in a particularly compact manner, especially in the radial direction.
- the primary fuel circuit comprises primary connecting channels connecting the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit to the fuel ejection nozzle and comprising respective inlets and respective outlets, the respective inlets being arranged radially towards the external to the respective outputs.
- the secondary fuel circuit comprises a tubular channel centered on the injection axis and which is divided, at a downstream end, into several secondary connection channels each shaped to move away from the injection axis in a direction from upstream to downstream, and each arranged between two consecutive primary connection channels.
- the annular channel of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit is arranged around the tubular channel and around the secondary connecting channels of the secondary fuel circuit.
- the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary fuel swirl formed of swirl channels having respective upstream ends, and having respective downstream ends opening into the terminal fuel ejection part.
- the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary plenum chamber of annular shape to which the respective upstream ends of the swirl channels forming the secondary fuel swirl are connected.
- the annular channel of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit extends downstream beyond the primary connecting channels so as to form a terminal annular chamber surrounding the secondary fuel swirl.
- each swirl channel has a passage section which is reduced in a direction going from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the swirl channel.
- the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary plenum chamber of annular shape to which the respective upstream ends of the swirl channels forming the secondary fuel swirl are connected.
- the invention also relates to an injection module for a turbomachine, comprising an injection system, and an injector nose of the type described above, in which the injection system comprises, from upstream to downstream , a socket in which is mounted the injector nose, at least one air intake swirl opening downstream of the injector nose, and a bowl.
- the invention also relates to a turbomachine, comprising at least one injector nose of the type described above, or at least one injection module of the type described above.
- the figure 1 illustrates a turbomachine 10 for an aircraft of a known type, generally comprising a fan 12 intended for the suction of an air flow which is divided downstream of the fan into a primary flow circulating in a flow channel of primary flow, hereinafter referred to as primary stream PF, within a core of the turbomachine, and a secondary flow bypassing this core in a secondary flow flow channel, hereinafter referred to as secondary stream SF.
- primary stream PF a flow channel of primary flow
- secondary stream SF secondary flow bypassing this core in a secondary flow flow channel
- the turbomachine is for example of the double-flow, double-body type.
- the heart of the turbomachine thus generally comprises a low pressure compressor 14, a high pressure compressor 16, a combustion chamber 18, a high pressure turbine 20 and a low pressure turbine 22.
- the turbomachine is streamlined by a nacelle 24 surrounding the secondary stream SF. Furthermore, the rotors of the turbine engine are rotatably mounted around a longitudinal axis 28 of the turbine engine.
- the longitudinal direction X is the direction of the longitudinal axis 28.
- the radial direction R is at all points a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 28 and passing through the latter
- the circumferential or tangential direction C is at all points a direction orthogonal to the radial direction R and to the longitudinal axis 28.
- the terms “internal” and “external” respectively refer to a relative proximity, and a relative remoteness, of an element with respect to the longitudinal axis 28.
- the “Upstream” and “downstream” directions are defined by reference to the general direction of gas flow in the primary PF and secondary SF streams of the turbomachine.
- the picture 2 represents the combustion chamber 18 of the turbomachine 10 of the figure 1 and its immediate environment.
- this combustion chamber which is for example of the annular type, comprises two coaxial annular walls, respectively radially internal 32 and radially external 34, which extend from upstream to downstream, in the direction 36 d flow of the primary gas flow in the turbomachine, around the longitudinal axis 28 of the turbomachine.
- These internal 32 and external 34 annular walls are interconnected at their upstream end by an annular chamber bottom wall 40 which extends substantially radially around the longitudinal axis 28.
- This annular chamber bottom wall 40 is equipped with injection systems 42 distributed around the longitudinal axis 28, one of which is visible on the picture 2 , each receiving an injector nose 43 mounted at the end of an injector rod 45, to allow the injection of a premixture of air and fuel centered along a respective injection axis 44.
- each injection system 42 comprises a sleeve 46, commonly referred to as a “sliding bushing”, in which the corresponding injector nose 43 is mounted with a sliding faculty to allow differential thermal expansions in operation.
- the sleeve 46 internally delimits a single air intake swirl 48, for example of the axial type, formed within the injection system 42.
- Each injection system 42 further comprises a divergent bowl 49 arranged at the outlet of the air intake swirl 48 and opening into the combustion chamber 18.
- the assembly formed by an injection system 42 and the corresponding injector nose 43 constitutes an injection module, in the terminology of the present invention.
- part 50 of an air flow 52 coming from a diffuser 54 and coming from the high pressure compressor 16 supplies the injection systems 42, while another part 56 of the air flow 52 supplies air inlets 58 formed in the walls 32 and 34 of the combustion chamber, in a well-known manner.
- the radial direction R' is at all points a direction orthogonal to the injection axis 44 and passing through the latter
- the circumferential or tangential direction C' is at all points a direction orthogonal to the radial direction R' and to the injection axis 44.
- the terms “internal” and “external” respectively refer to a relative proximity, and a relative remoteness, of an element with respect to the injection axis 44.
- the directions “upstream” and “downstream” are defined by reference to the general direction of air and fuel flow in the injector nose 43.
- a transverse plane is defined as a plane orthogonal to the injection axis 44
- an axial plane is defined as the plane containing the injection axis 44.
- FIG. 3 illustrate in more detail an injector nose 43 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the injector nose 43 comprises a body 60, preferably in one piece, comprising an end piece 61 ( figure 3 and 5 ) by which the injector nose 43 is intended to be connected to an injector rod 45 as on the figure 2 .
- a primary circuit 62 Within the body 60 are arranged two fuel circuits, namely a primary circuit 62 and a secondary circuit 64 ( picture 3 ).
- the primary circuit 62 ends with a central fuel ejection nozzle 66 of the aeromechanical type, while the secondary circuit 64 has a terminal fuel ejection part 68 of the aerodynamic type arranged around the fuel ejection nozzle 66 ( figures 3-6 ), as will become clearer in the following.
- the primary circuit 62 comprises an annular channel 70 defined between an outer wall 72, of generally annular shape, of the body 60 ( figures 3-7 ) which delimits the latter on the outside, and an internal envelope 74 which is generally annular and of complex shape, shown isolated on the figure 8 .
- the primary circuit 62 further comprises primary connection channels 76 ( figures 3, 4 and 8 ) which connect the annular channel 70 to an inlet chamber 78 ( figures 3 and 4 ) of the fuel ejection nozzle 66.
- the channels of primary connections 76 are for example four in number and are preferably regularly distributed around the injection axis 44.
- the inlet chamber 78 is arranged in the injection axis 44, radially inward with respect to the annular channel 70.
- the primary connection channels 76 thus have respective inlets connected to the annular channel 70, and respective outlets connected to the inlet chamber 78.
- the respective inlets of the primary connection channels 76 are arranged radially outwards with respect to their respective outputs.
- the primary connecting channels 76 extend along respective directions substantially orthogonal to the injection axis 44, for example substantially radial.
- the annular channel 70 extends downstream beyond the primary connection channels 76 so as to form a terminal annular chamber 79.
- the fuel ejection nozzle 66 comprises a core 80 which forms part of the body 60 and which is centered on the injection axis 44 and arranged at a downstream end of the inlet chamber 78 ( figures 3 to 6 ).
- the core 80 has an upstream part 82 which extends downstream into an annular surface 84 which internally delimits a primary plenum chamber 86 of annular shape within the fuel ejection nozzle 66.
- Supply channels 87 inclined with respect to the injection axis 44 and with respect to the radial direction R' connect the inlet chamber 78 to the primary plenum chamber 86.
- Ortho-radial injection channels 88 ( figure 4 and 6 ), that is to say orthogonal to the injection axis 44 and not intersecting with the latter, connect a downstream end of the primary plenum chamber 86 to a converging swirl chamber 90 ( picture 3 ).
- the orientation of the injection channels 88 makes it possible to promote the gyration of the fuel within the swirl chamber 90.
- the primary circuit 62 and more particularly the fuel ejection nozzle 66, comprises a terminal fitting 92 ( figure 3 and 5 ) which is mounted on a downstream end of the body 60 and which externally delimits the primary plenum chamber 86 and the swirl chamber 90.
- This end piece 92 comprises a upstream part of cylindrical shape of revolution externally delimiting the primary plenum chamber 86, and a downstream part of frustoconical shape externally delimiting the swirl chamber 90 and terminated by a fuel ejection orifice 93 ( picture 3 ) intended to diffuse the fuel from the swirl chamber 90 in the form of a spray.
- the secondary circuit 64 will now be described with reference to the figures 3-6 and 9 .
- the figure 9 shows the internal volume of the secondary circuit 64, that is to say the space occupied by the fuel in operation.
- the walls delimiting the various parts of the secondary circuit 64 which will be described are visible as reliefs within the internal envelope 74 of the primary circuit 62, visible on the figure 8 .
- the secondary circuit 64 comprises a tubular channel 100 (of which only one end part is shown in the figures), centered on the injection axis 44, and delimited on the outside by a cylindrical wall 102 (of which only one end part is shown in the figures). figures), which internally delimits an upstream part of the annular channel 70 of the primary circuit (and which therefore forms an upstream part of the aforementioned internal casing 74).
- the tubular channel 100 is divided, at its downstream end, into four secondary connection channels 104 regularly distributed around the injection axis 44 and each shaped to s move away from the injection axis 44 in the direction going from upstream to downstream.
- Each of the secondary connection channels 104 is for example inscribed in a respective axial plane.
- the secondary connecting channels 104 have respective downstream ends opening onto an upstream end surface 106 of a secondary plenum chamber 108 of annular shape, centered on the injection axis 44.
- This secondary plenum chamber 108 is delimited downstream by a downstream end surface 110 into which open respective upstream ends 111 of auger channels 112 forming a secondary fuel auger 114.
- the auger channels 112 have respective downstream ends 115 ( figure 4 , 6 and 9 ) opening into an annular space constituting the terminal ejection part 68 of the secondary circuit 64. As shown by the figures 3, 4 and 6 , this annular space is delimited externally by an annular outer lip 116 of the body 60 having a free end 117, and is delimited internally by an annular inner lip 118 of the body 60 having a free end 119.
- the secondary plenum chamber 108 and the spin channels 112 extend around an annular wall 120 which extends downstream forming the inner lip 118, and which has an inner radius R1 which is for example greater than an outer radius R2 of the cylindrical wall 102 which internally delimits the upstream part of the annular channel 70 of the primary circuit.
- the secondary connection channels 104 each form, with the injection axis 44, an angle ⁇ which is preferably between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, and which is for example equal to 45 degrees ( figure 4 ).
- the secondary connection channels 104 delimit between them, two-by-two, spaces respectively forming the primary connection channels 76 belonging to the primary circuit 62.
- the secondary fuel swirl 114 is surrounded by the terminal annular chamber 79 which extends the annular channel 70 of the primary circuit 62.
- the injector nose 43 also incorporates an air inlet twist 122 ( figure 4 , 5 and 8 ) and an annular air injection channel 124 cooperating with the terminal ejection part 68 of the secondary circuit 64 to form an aerodynamic secondary injector.
- the air inlet swirl 122 is formed of air inlet channels 126, for example four in number, having respective inlets 128 ( figure 7 ) opening into the outer wall 72 of the body 60, and respective outlets 130 ( figures 4-6 ) opening into the annular air injection channel 124, preferably in a substantially orthoradial manner in order to promote the gyration of the air around the injection axis 44.
- the air inlet channels 126 extend through the annular channel 70 of the primary circuit 62, between the secondary connecting channels 104 ( figure 8 ).
- the annular air injection channel 124 is delimited externally by the annular wall 120, and internally by the fuel ejection nozzle 66, in particular by the end fitting 92 ( figures 3 and 4 ).
- the annular air injection channel 124 is thus arranged radially inside with respect to the fuel ejection terminal part 68 and is arranged around the fuel ejection nozzle 66.
- an upstream part of the primary circuit 62 housed in the injector nose 43, and formed in this case by the annular channel 70 and the terminal annular chamber 79, extends around the secondary circuit 64.
- This upstream part of the primary circuit 62 is delimited on the outside by the outer wall 72 of the body 60 of the injector nose, so that the upstream part of the primary circuit 62 extends around the periphery of the injector nose.
- the upstream part of the primary circuit 62 thus makes it possible to provide thermal protection and cooling of the injector nose 43.
- the terminal annular chamber 79 makes it possible to ensure the thermal protection and cooling effect of the injector nose 43 beyond the primary connecting channels 76, in the downstream direction, and in particular makes it possible to provide thermal protection and cooling of the secondary fuel swirl 114.
- the swirl channels 112 each extend along a respective plane P forming an acute angle ⁇ with the direction D of the injection axis, preferably between 40 degrees and 60 degrees, and for example equal to 50 degrees.
- each of the swirl channels 112, forming the secondary fuel swirl 114 has an evolving passage section, which is reduced in the direction going from the upstream end 111 towards the downstream end 115 of the channel.
- the reduction in cross section between the upstream end and the downstream end of each of the auger channels 112 is preferably between 10 and 50 percent of the cross section at the upstream end of the channel.
- each of the twist channels 112 Reducing the passage section of each of the twist channels 112 makes it possible to increase the pressure drop between the inlet and the outlet of the secondary fuel twist 114 and in particular thus to accelerate the fuel within the secondary twist. fuel 114, while allowing lower fuel flow rates at equal pressure at the inlet of the secondary spin.
- the passage section at the inlet of each of the auger channels 112 is for example equal to 0.2 mm 2 .
- each of the swirl channels 112 is curved in the corresponding plane P, so that a direction D1 tangent to a mean line L of the channel at the level of the downstream end 115 of the latter makes an angle ⁇ with a direction D2 tangent to the mean line L of the channel at the level of the upstream end 111 of the latter.
- the angle ⁇ is preferably between 5 degrees and 15 degrees, and is for example equal to 8 degrees. Due to its curvature, each of the swirl channels 112 extends substantially at a constant distance from the injection axis 44, from the upstream end to the downstream end of the channel 112.
- the body 60 is preferably made by additive manufacturing. In the example illustrated, this body 60 forms the entirety of the injector nose 43 with the exception of the end piece 92. Additive manufacturing techniques are in fact particularly advantageous for producing the body 60 due to the geometry complex of the latter.
- fuel circulates in the primary circuit 62 and is ejected in the form of a jet at the outlet of the fuel ejection nozzle 66, whatever the speed of the turbomachine.
- fuel also circulates in the secondary circuit 64. This fuel is rotated and accelerated by crossing the spin channels 112 forming the secondary spin of fuel 114, and forms, at the outlet thereof, a film of swirling fuel within the terminal ejection part 68 of the secondary circuit 64.
Description
L'invention se rapporte au domaine général des injecteurs de carburant qui équipent la chambre de combustion d'une turbomachine, en particulier une turbomachine du type destinée à la propulsion des aéronefs.The invention relates to the general field of fuel injectors which equip the combustion chamber of a turbomachine, in particular a turbomachine of the type intended for the propulsion of aircraft.
Les chambres de combustion des turbomachines sont en général équipées d'injecteurs de carburant associés à des systèmes de prémélange, couramment dénommés « systèmes d'injection », comportant en général une ou plusieurs vrilles (axiales et/ou radiales), également dénommées « tourbillonneurs », qui utilisent l'air provenant d'un compresseur agencé en amont de la chambre de combustion pour pulvériser le carburant dans la chambre de combustion.The combustion chambers of turbomachines are generally equipped with fuel injectors associated with premixing systems, commonly referred to as "injection systems", generally comprising one or more swirls (axial and/or radial), also referred to as "swirls ”, which use the air coming from a compressor arranged upstream of the combustion chamber to spray the fuel into the combustion chamber.
Deux catégories d'injecteurs sont couramment utilisées : les injecteurs aérodynamiques, qui utilisent principalement la pression et la vitesse de l'air en sortie de compresseur pour mettre en rotation le carburant en sortie du nez de l'injecteur, et les injecteurs aéromécaniques qui utilisent principalement la pression du carburant à l'intérieur du nez de l'injecteur pour mettre en rotation et pulvériser le carburant.Two categories of injectors are commonly used: aerodynamic injectors, which mainly use the pressure and air velocity at the compressor outlet to rotate the fuel at the outlet of the injector nose, and aeromechanical injectors which use primarily fuel pressure inside the injector nose to spin up and atomize the fuel.
Par ailleurs, les nez des injecteurs à double circuit de carburant comprennent un circuit primaire de carburant, également appelé circuit pilote, comportant une vrille primaire de carburant alimentant un injecteur primaire (également appelé injecteur pilote) agencé sur un axe du nez d'injecteur, et un circuit secondaire de carburant, également appelé circuit principal, comportant une vrille secondaire de carburant alimentant un injecteur secondaire (également appelé injecteur principal) agencé autour de l'injecteur primaire. Il peut s'agir d'injecteurs aéromécaniques ou d'une combinaison d'un injecteur primaire aéromécanique et d'un injecteur secondaire aérodynamique.Furthermore, the nozzles of the dual fuel circuit injectors comprise a primary fuel circuit, also called the pilot circuit, comprising a primary fuel swirl supplying a primary injector (also called the pilot injector) arranged on an axis of the injector nose, and a secondary fuel circuit, also called the main circuit, comprising a secondary fuel swirl feeding a secondary injector (also called the main injector) arranged around the primary injector. These may be aero-mechanical injectors or a combination of an aeromechanical primary injector and an aerodynamic secondary injector.
L'utilisation de ce type d'injecteurs s'est développée pour satisfaire des normes toujours plus contraignantes en matière d'émission de polluants.The use of this type of injector has developed to meet ever more stringent standards in terms of pollutant emissions.
Le circuit primaire est en général destiné à alimenter la chambre de combustion en carburant à tous les régimes, en particulier lors des phases d'allumage et d'enroulement, c'est-à-dire de propagation de la flamme aux secteurs voisins.The primary circuit is generally intended to supply the combustion chamber with fuel at all speeds, in particular during the ignition and winding phases, that is to say propagation of the flame to neighboring sectors.
Le circuit secondaire est destiné à alimenter le moteur aux régimes allant du vol croisière jusqu'au décollage.The secondary circuit is intended to supply the engine at speeds ranging from cruising flight to takeoff.
Les nez d'injecteurs sont d'une manière générale soumis aux températures élevées de la chambre de combustion, ce qui occasionne un risque de cokéfaction du carburant stagnant au sein du circuit secondaire de carburant aux régimes de la turbomachine auxquels l'injecteur secondaire n'est pas en fonctionnement.The nozzles of the injectors are generally subjected to the high temperatures of the combustion chamber, which causes a risk of coking of the stagnant fuel within the secondary fuel circuit at the speeds of the turbomachine at which the secondary injector does not is not in operation.
Une solution connue consiste à agencer un circuit d'air de refroidissement en périphérie du nez d'injecteur afin d'assurer la protection thermique et le refroidissement thermique de l'ensemble du nez d'injecteur.A known solution consists in arranging a cooling air circuit on the periphery of the injector nose in order to provide thermal protection and thermal cooling of the entire injector nose.
Toutefois, cette solution présente notamment l'inconvénient d'accroître l'encombrement du nez d'injecteur.However, this solution has the particular drawback of increasing the size of the injector nose.
Une autre solution, connue des documents
Les nez d'injecteurs présentés dans ces documents ne permettent toutefois pas l'injection d'air entre les injecteurs primaire et secondaire.The injector nozzles presented in these documents do not, however, allow the injection of air between the primary and secondary injectors.
L'invention a notamment pour but de remédier à ce problème tout en limitant l'encombrement radial du nez d'injecteur.The object of the invention is in particular to remedy this problem while limiting the radial size of the injector nose.
Elle propose à cet effet un nez d'injecteur pour turbomachine, comprenant un circuit primaire de carburant terminé par une buse d'éjection de carburant débouchant sur un axe d'injection, et un circuit secondaire de carburant comportant une partie terminale d'éjection de carburant de forme annulaire agencée autour de la buse d'éjection de carburant, et dans lequel une partie amont du circuit primaire de carburant, logée dans le nez d'injecteur, comporte un canal annulaire s'étendant autour du circuit secondaire de carburant et délimité par une paroi externe du nez d'injecteur.It proposes for this purpose an injector nose for a turbomachine, comprising a primary fuel circuit terminated by a fuel ejection nozzle opening onto an injection axis, and a secondary fuel circuit comprising a fuel ejection terminal part of annular shape arranged around the fuel ejection nozzle, and in which an upstream part of the primary fuel circuit, housed in the injector nose, comprises an annular channel extending around the secondary fuel circuit and delimited by an outer wall of the injector nose.
Selon l'invention, le nez d'injecteur comporte en outre des canaux d'entrée d'air s'étendant au travers du canal annulaire du circuit primaire de carburant et présentant des entrées respectives s'ouvrant dans la paroi externe et des sorties respectives débouchant dans un canal annulaire d'injection d'air agencé radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport à la partie terminale d'éjection de carburant, autour de la buse d'éjection de carburant, et coopérant avec la partie terminale d'éjection de carburant pour former un injecteur secondaire aérodynamique.According to the invention, the injector nose further comprises air inlet channels extending through the annular channel of the primary fuel circuit and having respective inlets opening in the outer wall and respective outlets opening into an annular air injection channel arranged radially inward with respect to the fuel ejection terminal part, around the fuel ejection nozzle, and cooperating with the fuel ejection terminal part to form an aerodynamic secondary injector.
Du fait que du carburant circule dans la partie amont du circuit primaire quel que soit le régime de fonctionnement de la turbomachine, la partie amont du circuit primaire permet ainsi d'assurer la protection thermique et le refroidissement du nez d'injecteur, en particulier du circuit secondaire autour duquel s'étend la partie amont du circuit primaire.Because fuel circulates in the upstream part of the primary circuit regardless of the operating speed of the turbomachine, the upstream part of the primary circuit thus makes it possible to provide thermal protection and cooling of the injector nose, in particular of the secondary circuit around which extends the upstream part of the primary circuit.
De plus, l'intégration de canaux d'entrée d'air, qui s'étendent au travers du canal annulaire du circuit primaire de carburant et présentent des entrées respectives s'ouvrant dans la paroi externe et des sorties respectives débouchant dans un canal annulaire d'injection d'air agencé radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport à la partie terminale d'éjection de carburant, permet l'injection d'air destiné à se mélanger avec le carburant du circuit secondaire de carburant au sein du nez d'injecteur, d'une manière particulièrement compacte, notamment dans la direction radiale.In addition, the integration of air inlet channels, which extend through the annular channel of the primary fuel circuit and have respective inlets opening in the outer wall and respective outlets opening into an annular channel air injector arranged radially inward relative to the fuel ejection terminal part, allows the injection of air intended to mix with the fuel of the secondary fuel circuit within the injector nose , in a particularly compact manner, especially in the radial direction.
De préférence, le circuit primaire de carburant comporte des canaux de raccordement primaires reliant la partie amont du circuit primaire de carburant à la buse d'éjection de carburant et comportant des entrées respectives et des sorties respectives, les entrées respectives étant agencées radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport aux sorties respectives.Preferably, the primary fuel circuit comprises primary connecting channels connecting the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit to the fuel ejection nozzle and comprising respective inlets and respective outlets, the respective inlets being arranged radially towards the external to the respective outputs.
De préférence, le circuit secondaire de carburant comporte un canal tubulaire centré sur l'axe d'injection et qui se divise, à une extrémité aval, en plusieurs canaux de raccordement secondaires conformés chacun pour s'éloigner de l'axe d'injection dans une direction allant de l'amont vers l'aval, et agencés chacun entre deux canaux de raccordement primaires consécutifs.Preferably, the secondary fuel circuit comprises a tubular channel centered on the injection axis and which is divided, at a downstream end, into several secondary connection channels each shaped to move away from the injection axis in a direction from upstream to downstream, and each arranged between two consecutive primary connection channels.
De préférence, le canal annulaire de la partie amont du circuit primaire de carburant est agencé autour du canal tubulaire et autour des canaux de raccordement secondaires du circuit secondaire de carburant.Preferably, the annular channel of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit is arranged around the tubular channel and around the secondary connecting channels of the secondary fuel circuit.
De préférence, le circuit secondaire de carburant comporte une vrille secondaire de carburant formée de canaux de vrille présentant des extrémités amonts respectives, et présentant des extrémités aval respectives débouchant dans la partie terminale d'éjection de carburant.Preferably, the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary fuel swirl formed of swirl channels having respective upstream ends, and having respective downstream ends opening into the terminal fuel ejection part.
De préférence, le circuit secondaire de carburant comporte une chambre de tranquillisation secondaire de forme annulaire à laquelle sont raccordées les extrémités amont respectives des canaux de vrille formant la vrille secondaire de carburant.Preferably, the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary plenum chamber of annular shape to which the respective upstream ends of the swirl channels forming the secondary fuel swirl are connected.
De préférence, le canal annulaire de la partie amont du circuit primaire de carburant se prolonge vers l'aval au-delà des canaux de raccordement primaires de manière à former une chambre annulaire terminale entourant la vrille secondaire de carburant.Preferably, the annular channel of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit extends downstream beyond the primary connecting channels so as to form a terminal annular chamber surrounding the secondary fuel swirl.
De préférence, chaque canal de vrille présente une section de passage qui se réduit dans une direction allant de l'extrémité amont vers l'extrémité aval du canal de vrille.Preferably, each swirl channel has a passage section which is reduced in a direction going from the upstream end towards the downstream end of the swirl channel.
De préférence, le circuit secondaire de carburant comporte une chambre de tranquillisation secondaire de forme annulaire à laquelle sont raccordées les extrémités amont respectives des canaux de vrille formant la vrille secondaire de carburant.Preferably, the secondary fuel circuit comprises a secondary plenum chamber of annular shape to which the respective upstream ends of the swirl channels forming the secondary fuel swirl are connected.
L'invention concerne également un module d'injection pour turbomachine, comprenant un système d'injection, et un nez d'injecteur du type décrit ci-dessus, dans lequel le système d'injection comporte, de l'amont vers l'aval, une douille dans laquelle est monté le nez d'injecteur, au moins une vrille d'admission d'air débouchant en aval du nez d'injecteur, et un bol.The invention also relates to an injection module for a turbomachine, comprising an injection system, and an injector nose of the type described above, in which the injection system comprises, from upstream to downstream , a socket in which is mounted the injector nose, at least one air intake swirl opening downstream of the injector nose, and a bowl.
L'invention concerne aussi une turbomachine, comprenant au moins un nez d'injecteur du type décrit ci-dessus, ou au moins un module d'injection du type décrit ci-dessus.The invention also relates to a turbomachine, comprising at least one injector nose of the type described above, or at least one injection module of the type described above.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres détails, avantages et caractéristiques de celle-ci apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe axiale d'une turbomachine selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention ; - la
figure 2 une vue schématique en section axiale d'une chambre de combustion de la turbomachine de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective et en coupe axiale d'un nez d'injecteur équipant la chambre de combustion de lafigure 2 ; - la
figure 4 est une vue schématique en perspective et en coupe axiale du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 privé d'un embout terminal d'un circuit primaire de carburant, et vu sous un angle différent ; - la
figure 5 est une vue schématique en perspective et en coupe oblique du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 6 est une vue schématique du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 , vu de face depuis l'aval ; - la
figure 7 est une vue schématique en perspective du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 8 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective du circuit primaire de carburant du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 9 est une vue schématique partielle en perspective d'un circuit secondaire de carburant du nez d'injecteur de lafigure 3 ; - la
figure 9A est une vue à plus grande échelle d'une partie de lafigure 9 .
- the
figure 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a turbomachine according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 2 a schematic view in axial section of a combustion chamber of the turbomachine of thefigure 1 ; - the
picture 3 is a schematic view in perspective and in axial section of an injector nose fitted to the combustion chamber of thepicture 2 ; - the
figure 4 is a schematic view in perspective and in axial section of the injector nose of thepicture 3 deprived of a terminal fitting of a primary fuel circuit, and seen from a different angle; - the
figure 5 is a schematic view in perspective and in oblique section of the injector nose of thepicture 3 ; - the
figure 6 is a schematic view of the injector nose of thepicture 3 , seen from the front from downstream; - the
figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of the injector nose of thepicture 3 ; - the
figure 8 is a partial schematic perspective view of the primary fuel circuit of the injector nose of thepicture 3 ; - the
figure 9 is a partial schematic perspective view of a secondary fuel circuit of the injector nose of thepicture 3 ; - the
figure 9A is a larger scale view of part of thefigure 9 .
La
La turbomachine est par exemple du type à double flux et à double corps. Le cœur de la turbomachine comporte ainsi, de manière générale, un compresseur basse pression 14, un compresseur haute pression 16, une chambre de combustion 18, une turbine haute pression 20 et une turbine basse pression 22.The turbomachine is for example of the double-flow, double-body type. The heart of the turbomachine thus generally comprises a
Les rotors respectifs du compresseur haute pression et de la turbine haute pression sont reliés par un arbre dit « arbre haute pression », tandis que les rotors respectifs du compresseur basse pression et de la turbine basse pression sont reliés par un arbre dit « arbre basse pression », d'une manière bien connue.The respective rotors of the high-pressure compressor and of the high-pressure turbine are connected by a so-called "high-pressure shaft", while the respective rotors of the low-pressure compressor and of the low-pressure turbine are connected by a so-called "low-pressure shaft". in a well-known way.
La turbomachine est carénée par une nacelle 24 entourant la veine secondaire SF. Par ailleurs, les rotors de la turbomachine sont montés rotatifs autour d'un axe longitudinal 28 de la turbomachine.The turbomachine is streamlined by a
Dans l'ensemble de cette description, la direction longitudinale X est la direction de l'axe longitudinal 28.Throughout this description, the longitudinal direction X is the direction of the
De plus, dans une première partie de cette description, la direction radiale R est en tout point une direction orthogonale à l'axe longitudinal 28 et passant par ce dernier, et la direction circonférentielle ou tangentielle C est en tout point une direction orthogonale à la direction radiale R et à l'axe longitudinal 28. Les termes « interne » et « externe » font respectivement référence à une relative proximité, et un relatif éloignement, d'un élément par rapport à l'axe longitudinal 28. Par ailleurs, les directions « amont » et « aval » sont définies par référence à la direction générale de l'écoulement des gaz dans les veines primaire PF et secondaire SF de la turbomachine.In addition, in a first part of this description, the radial direction R is at all points a direction orthogonal to the
La
De manière classique, cette chambre de combustion, qui est par exemple de type annulaire, comprend deux parois annulaires coaxiales, respectivement radialement interne 32 et radialement externe 34, qui s'étendent de l'amont vers l'aval, selon le sens 36 d'écoulement du flux primaire de gaz dans la turbomachine, autour de l'axe longitudinal 28 de la turbomachine. Ces parois annulaires interne 32 et externe 34 sont reliées entre elles à leur extrémité amont par une paroi annulaire de fond de chambre 40 qui s'étend sensiblement radialement autour de l'axe longitudinal 28. Cette paroi annulaire de fond de chambre 40 est équipée de systèmes d'injection 42 répartis autour de l'axe longitudinal 28, dont l'un est visible sur la
Plus précisément, chaque système d'injection 42 comporte une douille 46, couramment dénommée « traversée coulissante », dans laquelle le nez d'injecteur 43 correspondant est monté avec une faculté de coulissement pour permettre des dilatations thermiques différentielles en fonctionnement.More specifically, each
Dans l'exemple illustré, la douille 46 délimite intérieurement une unique vrille d'admission d'air 48, par exemple du type axial, formée au sein du système d'injection 42.In the example illustrated, the
Chaque système d'injection 42 comporte en outre un bol 49 divergent agencé en sortie de la vrille d'admission d'air 48 et débouchant dans la chambre de combustion 18.Each
L'ensemble formé d'un système d'injection 42 et du nez d'injecteur 43 correspondant constitue un module d'injection, dans la terminologie de la présente invention.The assembly formed by an
En fonctionnement, une partie 50 d'un flux d'air 52 issu d'un diffuseur 54 et provenant du compresseur haute pression 16 alimente les systèmes d'injection 42, tandis qu'une autre partie 56 du flux d'air 52 alimente des orifices d'entrée d'air 58 ménagés dans les parois 32 et 34 de la chambre de combustion, d'une manière bien connue.In operation,
Dans la suite de la présente description, en référence aux
Les
Le nez d'injecteur 43 comporte un corps 60, de préférence monobloc, comprenant un embout 61 (
Au sein du corps 60 sont ménagés deux circuits de carburant, à savoir un circuit primaire 62 et un circuit secondaire 64 (
Le circuit primaire 62 se termine par une buse d'éjection de carburant 66 centrale de type aéromécanique, tandis que le circuit secondaire 64 présente une partie terminale d'éjection de carburant 68 de type aérodynamique agencée autour de la buse d'éjection de carburant 66 (
Le circuit primaire 62 comporte un canal annulaire 70 défini entre une paroi externe 72, de forme globalement annulaire, du corps 60 (
Le circuit primaire 62 comporte en outre des canaux de raccordement primaires 76 (
La chambre d'entrée 78 est agencée dans l'axe d'injection 44, radialement vers l'intérieur par rapport au canal annulaire 70.The
Les canaux de raccordement primaires 76 présentent ainsi des entrées respectives raccordées au canal annulaire 70, et des sorties respectives raccordées à la chambre d'entrée 78. Les entrées respectives des canaux de raccordement primaires 76 sont agencées radialement vers l'extérieur par rapport à leurs sorties respectives. Dans l'exemple illustré, les canaux de raccordement primaires 76 s'étendent selon des directions respectives sensiblement orthogonales à l'axe d'injection 44, par exemple sensiblement radiales.The
Le canal annulaire 70 se prolonge vers l'aval au-delà des canaux de raccordement primaires 76 de manière à former une chambre annulaire terminale 79.The
La buse d'éjection de carburant 66 comporte un noyau 80 qui fait partie du corps 60 et qui est centré sur l'axe d'injection 44 et agencé à une extrémité aval de la chambre d'entrée 78 (
Le circuit primaire 62, et plus particulièrement la buse d'éjection de carburant 66, comporte un embout terminal 92 (
Le circuit secondaire 64 va maintenant être décrit en référence aux
Le circuit secondaire 64 comporte un canal tubulaire 100 (dont seule une partie terminale est représentée sur les figures), centré sur l'axe d'injection 44, et délimité extérieurement par une paroi cylindrique 102 (dont seule une partie terminale est représentée sur les figures), qui délimite intérieurement une partie amont du canal annulaire 70 du circuit primaire (et qui forme donc une partie amont de l'enveloppe interne 74 précitée).The
Comme cela apparaît plus clairement sur la
Chacun des canaux de raccordement secondaires 104 est par exemple inscrit dans un plan axial respectif. Les canaux de raccordement secondaires 104 présentent des extrémités aval respectives débouchant sur une surface d'extrémité amont 106 d'une chambre de tranquillisation secondaire 108 de forme annulaire, centrée sur l'axe d'injection 44. Cette chambre de tranquillisation secondaire 108 est délimitée en aval par une surface d'extrémité aval 110 dans laquelle s'ouvrent des extrémités amont 111 respectives de canaux de vrille 112 formant une vrille secondaire de carburant 114.Each of the
Les canaux de vrille 112 présentent des extrémités aval 115 respectives (
Comme le montre la
Les canaux de raccordement secondaires 104 forment chacun, avec l'axe d'injection 44, un angle Ω qui est préférentiellement compris entre 30 degrés et 60 degrés, et qui est par exemple égal à 45 degrés (
Comme cela apparaît sur la
Par ailleurs, comme le montrent plus clairement les
Le nez d'injecteur 43 intègre en outre une vrille d'entrée d'air 122 (
La vrille d'entrée d'air 122 est formée de canaux d'entrée d'air 126, par exemple au nombre de quatre, présentant des entrées respectives 128 (
Les canaux d'entrée d'air 126 s'étendent au travers du canal annulaire 70 du circuit primaire 62, entre les canaux de raccordement secondaires 104 (
Le canal annulaire d'injection d'air 124 est délimité extérieurement par la paroi annulaire 120, et intérieurement par la buse d'éjection de carburant 66, notamment par l'embout terminal 92 (
Comme cela ressort de ce qui précède, une partie amont du circuit primaire 62, logée dans le nez d'injecteur 43, et formée en l'occurrence par le canal annulaire 70 et la chambre annulaire terminale 79, s'étend autour du circuit secondaire 64. Cette partie amont du circuit primaire 62 est délimitée extérieurement par la paroi externe 72 du corps 60 du nez d'injecteur, de sorte que la partie amont du circuit primaire 62 s'étend en périphérie du nez d'injecteur.As emerges from the foregoing, an upstream part of the
Du fait que du carburant circule dans la partie amont du circuit primaire 62 quel que soit le régime de fonctionnement de la turbomachine, la partie amont du circuit primaire 62 permet ainsi d'assurer la protection thermique et le refroidissement du nez d'injecteur 43.Because fuel circulates in the upstream part of the
En particulier, la chambre annulaire terminale 79 permet d'assurer l'effet de protection thermique et de refroidissement du nez d'injecteur 43 au-delà des canaux de raccordement primaires 76, en direction de l'aval, et permet en particulier d'assurer la protection thermique et le refroidissement de la vrille secondaire de carburant 114.In particular, the terminal
En référence aux
À titre d'exemple, chacun des canaux de vrille 112, formant la vrille secondaire de carburant 114, présente une section de passage évolutive, qui se réduit dans la direction allant de l'extrémité amont 111 vers l'extrémité aval 115 du canal. La réduction de la section de passage entre l'extrémité amont et l'extrémité aval de chacun des canaux de vrille 112 est de préférence comprise entre 10 et 50 pourcents de la section de passage au niveau de l'extrémité amont du canal.By way of example, each of the
La réduction de la section de passage de chacun des canaux de vrille 112 permet d'augmenter la perte de charge entre l'entrée et la sortie de la vrille secondaire de carburant 114 et notamment d'accélérer ainsi le carburant au sein de la vrille secondaire de carburant 114, tout en autorisant des débits de carburant plus faibles à pression égale en entrée de la vrille secondaire.Reducing the passage section of each of the
La section de passage en entrée de chacun des canaux de vrille 112 est par exemple égale à 0,2 mm2.The passage section at the inlet of each of the
De plus, chacun des canaux de vrille 112 est incurvé dans le plan P correspondant, de sorte qu'une direction D1 tangente à une ligne moyenne L du canal au niveau de l'extrémité aval 115 de ce dernier fasse un angle α avec une direction D2 tangente à la ligne moyenne L du canal au niveau de l'extrémité amont 111 de ce dernier. L'angle α est préférentiellement compris entre 5 degrés et 15 degrés, et est par exemple égal à 8 degrés. Du fait de sa courbure, chacun des canaux de vrille 112 s'étend sensiblement à une distance constante de l'axe d'injection 44, depuis l'extrémité amont jusqu'à l'extrémité aval du canal 112.In addition, each of the
Il est à noter que le corps 60 est de préférence réalisé par fabrication additive. Dans l'exemple illustré, ce corps 60 forme l'intégralité du nez d'injecteur 43 à l'exception de l'embout terminal 92. Les techniques de fabrication additive sont en effet particulièrement avantageuses pour réaliser le corps 60 du fait de la géométrie complexe de ce dernier.It should be noted that the
En fonctionnement, du carburant circule dans le circuit primaire 62 et est éjecté sous la forme d'un jet en sortie de la buse d'éjection de carburant 66, quel que soit le régime de la turbomachine.In operation, fuel circulates in the
Aux régimes allant du vol de croisière jusqu'au décollage, du carburant circule également dans le circuit secondaire 64. Ce carburant est mis en rotation et accéléré en traversant les canaux de vrille 112 formant la vrille secondaire de carburant 114, et forme, en sortie de celle-ci, un film de carburant tourbillonnant au sein de la partie terminale d'éjection 68 du circuit secondaire 64.At speeds ranging from cruise flight to takeoff, fuel also circulates in the
À ces régimes de fonctionnement, le flux d'air mis en rotation par la vrille d'entrée d'air 122, et introduit dans le canal annulaire d'injection d'air 124, présente un débit suffisant pour cisailler le film de carburant au niveau de l'extrémité libre 119 de la lèvre interne 118 et de l'extrémité libre 117 de la lèvre externe 116.At these operating speeds, the flow of air set in rotation by the air inlet swirler 122, and introduced into the annular
Claims (11)
- Injector nose (43) for a turbomachine, comprising:- a primary fuel circuit (62) terminating in a fuel-ejection nozzle (66) emerging on an injection axis (44), and- a secondary fuel circuit (64) comprising an annular-shaped terminal fuel-ejection part (68) arranged around the fuel-ejection nozzle (66),wherein an upstream part of the primary fuel circuit (62), housed in the injector nose (43), comprises an annular channel (70) extending around the secondary fuel circuit (64), characterised in that the annular channel (70) extending around the secondary fuel circuit (64) is delimited by an external wall (72) of the injector nose,and in that the injector nose further comprises air inlet channels (126) extending through the annular channel (70) of the primary fuel circuit (62) and having respective inlets (128) opening in the external wall (72) and respective outlets (130) emerging in an annular air-injection channel (124) arranged radially to the inside with respect to the terminal fuel-ejection part (68), around the fuel-ejection nozzle (66), and cooperating with the terminal fuel-ejection part (68) in order to form an aerodynamic secondary injector.
- Injector nose according to claim 1, wherein the primary fuel circuit (62) comprises primary connection channels (76) connecting the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit (62) to the fuel-ejection nozzle (66) and comprising respective inlets and respective outlets, the respective inlets being arranged radially towards the outside with respect to the respective outlets.
- Injector nose according to claim 2, wherein the secondary fuel circuit (64) comprises a tubular channel (100) centred on the injection axis (44) and which divides, at a downstream end, into a plurality of secondary connection channels (104) each formed so as to move away from the injection channel (44) in a direction going from upstream to downstream, and each arranged between two consecutive primary connection channels (76).
- Injector nose according to claim 3, wherein the annular channel (70) of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit (62) is arranged around the tubular channel (100) and around the secondary connection channels (104) of the secondary fuel circuit (64).
- Injector nose according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the secondary fuel circuit (64) comprises a secondary fuel swirler (114) formed by swirler channels (112) having respective upstream ends (111), and having respective downstream ends (115) emerging in the terminal fuel-ejection part (68).
- Injector nose according to claim 5, wherein the secondary fuel circuit (64) comprises an annular-shaped secondary tranquilisation chamber (108) to which the respective upstream ends (111) of the swirler channels (112) forming the secondary fuel swirler (114) are connected.
- Injector nose according to claim 5 or 6, taken in combination with claim 2, wherein the annular channel (70) of the upstream part of the primary fuel circuit (62) is extended downstream beyond the primary connection channels (76) so as to form a terminal annular chamber (79) surrounding the secondary fuel swirler (114).
- Injector nose according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein each swirler channel (112) has a cross section of flow that decreases in a direction going from the upstream end (111) towards the downstream end (115) of the swirler channel (112).
- Injector nose according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the terminal fuel-ejection part (68) is delimited externally by an external lip (116) and is delimited internally by an internal lip (118) that separates the terminal fuel-ejection part (68) from the annular air-injection channel (124).
- Injection module for a turbomachine, comprising an injection system (42), and an injector nose (43) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the injection system (42) comprises, from upstream to downstream, a bushing (46) into which the injector nose (43) is mounted, at least one air inlet swirler (48) emerging downstream of the injector nose (43), and a bowl (49).
- Turbomachine, comprising at least one injector nose (43) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, or at least one injection module according to claim 10.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1874261A FR3091333B1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | INJECTOR NOSE FOR TURBOMACHINE INCLUDING A PRIMARY FUEL CIRCUIT ARRANGED AROUND A SECONDARY FUEL CIRCUIT |
PCT/FR2019/053302 WO2020136359A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-26 | Injector nozzle for turbomachine comprising a primary fuel circuit arranged around a secondary fuel circuit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3877699A1 EP3877699A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
EP3877699B1 true EP3877699B1 (en) | 2022-11-23 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19848993.2A Active EP3877699B1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-26 | Injector nozzle for turbomachine comprising a primary fuel circuit arranged around a secondary fuel circuit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US11788727B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3877699B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113227656B (en) |
CA (1) | CA3122612A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3091333B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020136359A1 (en) |
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FR3011318B1 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2018-01-05 | Safran Aircraft Engines | FUEL INJECTOR IN A TURBOMACHINE |
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US10047959B2 (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2018-08-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Fuel injector for fuel spray nozzle |
US10563587B2 (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2020-02-18 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Fuel nozzle with increased spray angle range |
FR3051844B1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2020-03-27 | Safran Aircraft Engines | CHAMBER BETWEEN AN ENTRY TIP AND A SHUTTER FOR A TURBOMACHINE INJECTOR |
FR3091332B1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2021-01-29 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbomachine injector nose comprising a secondary fuel spiral with progressive section |
-
2018
- 2018-12-27 FR FR1874261A patent/FR3091333B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-26 CA CA3122612A patent/CA3122612A1/en active Pending
- 2019-12-26 EP EP19848993.2A patent/EP3877699B1/en active Active
- 2019-12-26 CN CN201980086319.1A patent/CN113227656B/en active Active
- 2019-12-26 US US17/417,505 patent/US11788727B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-26 WO PCT/FR2019/053302 patent/WO2020136359A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3091333B1 (en) | 2021-05-14 |
WO2020136359A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
US11788727B2 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
US20220113024A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
EP3877699A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
CA3122612A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
CN113227656B (en) | 2023-04-18 |
CN113227656A (en) | 2021-08-06 |
FR3091333A1 (en) | 2020-07-03 |
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