FR2698727A1 - Transmission device, antenna, assembly and installation of antennas. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transmission device, antenna. It relates to a device which comprises an outer layer (2a) composed of a general finishing material, a second layer (2b) whose relative permittivity is between 1 and 1.5, and a third layer having a higher permittivity. low and placed inside the second layer, the permittivity decreasing from the first layer to the third and the second, the thickness of each layer being such that high frequencies are transmitted efficiently. Application to building antennas.

Description

The present invention relates to a high transmission device

frequencies, an antenna and a

  set comprising such an antenna.

  Buildings reflect electromagnetic waves

  so that the high frequencies used for television and the like are often disturbed for

  To solve this problem, we have applied

  high frequency sorption, consisting of materials such as ferrite tiles, which absorb the waves

  electromagnetic, on the outer walls of buildings.

  However, the absorption devices of high frequency

  are not weather-resistant and are usually unsatisfactory, so that normal finishing materials, such as

  stones, are placed on their surface.

  The antennas are normally placed (parabolic antennas

  However, as these antennas disfigure the appearance of buildings and require significant foundations to withstand the wind, they are installed at the same time.

  instead of smaller satellite dishes inside the

  In the same way, it was envisaged that a parabolic antenna is installed in a box and the box is attached to the building. we have suggested the formation of antenna panels and their application to architectural realizations, that is to say that the antennas

  are placed inside the outer walls of buildings.

  In this case, it is also necessary to use normal finishing materials to cover the antennas so that they have a good weather resistance and that they

give an aesthetic appearance.

  The above-mentioned antenna formed into a panel, that is to say the high-frequency antenna in the form of a panel for satellite communications, is composed of several elementary antennas 4 as indicated in FIG. 18, forming an "aerial in phase In such an antenna, the direction of the wave beam can be rotated by

  setting and signal composition of each individual antenna

  4, so that the antenna allows communication with a plurality of communication satellites, whereas the prior art satellite dish can communicate with only one communications satellite. Furthermore, such an antenna must be installed so that it can communication satellites in the angular range of its beam, but, given the capacity of an elementary antenna, a large number of sets are required for satisfactory communications, so that

  Panel dimension has become monstrous.

  When the above-mentioned normal finishing materials of the prior art do not satisfactorily transmit the necessary frequencies, a high frequency absorption device does not exhibit all of its high frequency absorption capability and an antenna

  can not receive the waves well.

  Finishing materials that cover the

  high-frequency absorption devices and antennas must be able to transmit the necessary frequencies, but there are no finishing materials with such properties Thus, the limits of the frequencies transmitted through the finishing materials with a suitable coefficient of transmission should not be narrow, for practical inconvenience, so that finishing materials must be able to transmit the necessary frequencies within very distant limits.

  In addition, the finishing materials must be capable of

  to put the necessary frequencies even with an oblique incidence, when taking into account the practical realizations. An antenna 5 forming an aerial phase must have a very large size to be used in practice, but such an important antenna is not easy to install in a building wall facing a

communications satellite.

  The subject of the present invention is therefore the realization

  a high frequency transmission device for building finishing materials, including finishing materials generally used for the construction and an adjustment layer forming a bearing surface of the finishing materials and which improves the coefficient of XPD transmission, so that it can be applied to a high-frequency absorption device

  and antennas in the form of coating materials.

  Another subject of the invention is the production of a parabolic antenna placed in a box which can

  to be attached to the surface of a building This invention

  Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna in the form of an aerial phase which has sufficient communication capability and which can be installed in the wall of a building.

  Other features and advantages of the invention

  will be better understood by reading the description

  which will follow examples of embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a high frequency transmission device comprising three layers according to the invention, Figure 2 shows the variation of the coefficient

  transmission device according to the invention in relation to the

  anterior layer (one layer),

  Figure 3 shows the transmission coefficient

  according to the present invention over the prior art (single layer);

  Figure 4 shows the transmission coefficient

  invention according to the prior art

higher (single layer),

  Figure 5 shows the transmission coefficient

  with oblique incidence according to the invention,

  Figure 6 shows the transmission coefficient

  for an oblique incidence according to the prior art

higher (single layer),

  Figure 7 shows an improvement in the coeffi-

  According to the invention, FIG. 8 represents the variation of the coefficient XPD, according to the prior art (a single layer), FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (c) represent the transmission coefficient according to the invention (FIG. (c)) compared to the prior art (single layer and two layers),

  Figures 10 (a) to 10 (c) show the coefficient

  According to the prior art (a single layer and two layers), FIG. 11 (a) is a partial section of a parabolic antenna conditioned according to the invention, Fig. 11 (b) is an elevational view of a packaged parabolic antenna according to the invention placed at the top of a building, Fig. 12 (a) is a perspective view of a communication antenna assembly. 12 (b) is an exploded view of an antenna assembly shown in FIG. 12 (a), FIG. 13 (a) is an elevational view of an antenna assembly for satellite communications according to the invention, Fig. 13 (b) is a side elevational section of the assembly shown in Fig. 13 (a); Fig. 14 is an enlarged view of the circled portion of Fig. 13 (b); ) bearing the reference XIV, FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a set FIG. 16 is an elevational view of an antenna assembly preferably fixed according to the invention; FIGS. 17 (a) to 17 (d) are fixed antenna array views; preferably according to the invention, and FIG. 18 is a view of an antenna forming a

aerial phase according to the invention.

  The radio transmission device according to the invention comprises the general finishing materials as external elements, a second layer placed on the inner surface of the finishing material and composed of a material having a relative permittivity of between 1 and 1.5, and a third layer placed on the inner face of the second layer and having a lower permittivity, the relative permittivity of this layer being such that the permittivity decreases from the first layer to the third layer and then to the second layer, and the thickness of the each layer is furthermore such that they all have a

good permeability.

  The high frequency transmission device according to the present invention can be made so that the outer layer comprises general finishing materials such as concrete, mortar, cement paste, float glass, crystallized glass, ceramic tiles and the like. stones, and the second layer comprises materials such as air and polystyrene, their relative permittivity being between 1 and 1.5, and the third layer is formed of a material of low permittivity such as a material porous material such as a cellular resin, a fiber-reinforced plastic, an acrylic resin,

  a vinyl chloride resin, a polycarbonate resin,

  nate, or a fluorocarbon resin, and whose relative permeability is such that it decreases from the first layer to the third layer and the second layer, the thickness of each layer being furthermore such that they can all

  present an effective permeability.

  A parabolic antenna conditioned according to the present invention is such that it is installed in a box, and an opening of the box is closed by a high frequency transmission device described

according to the invention.

  An antenna assembly according to the present invention is such that an aerial phase is subdivided into parts each installed in a box, and an opening of the box is closed by a transmission device.

  high frequencies according to the invention and forms a panel.

  An antenna installation according to the present invention

  tion is such that a necessary number of antenna array assemblies described above are

  attached to the wall of a building nearby or in an isola-

  tion, and the capacity of each set is cumulative for

  obtaining the necessary communication capacity.

  The antenna installation described above is preferably such that the angle of the installation of antenna assemblies is similar to the angle of the building wall. When a single layer composed of a general finishing material is applied, its high frequency permeability characteristics, such as losses through

  transmission and the characteristics of the

  polarized tromagnetism, have some influence on the

  antennas and devices for high frequency absorption.

  For example, the antennas whose orthogonal (transversal) double polarization shared set is applied pose a problem of deterioration of the XPD coefficient (The XPD coefficient denotes transversal polarization discrimination, ie the ratio of the component transverse polarization, which is perpendicular to the main direction of polarization, and the

  principal polarization, in the event that the direc-

  polarization in the absence of coating material

  is the main polarization direction).

  The inventors, to solve these problems, have carried out numerous studies and they finally realized

  a high-frequency transmission device

  nal general finishing materials, a second layer whose relative permittivity is between 1 and 1.5 and disposed behind the general finishing materials, and a third layer of lower permittivity, the relative permittivity decreasing from the first layer to the third and second, the thickness of each layer being suitable so that it ensures the transmission of high frequencies between distant limits The combination of the second layer and the third layer forms an adjustment layer. A parabolic antenna packaged according to the present invention may be attached to the external surface of a building, for example in the form of a roof block, so that it is not necessary to worry about the resistance to This could be a problem for the antenna. A paneled antenna assembly according to the present invention has a reduced size and can

  so be easily installed in a wall of a building.

  An antenna installation according to the present invention can

  to give the necessary capacity for communication by accumula-

  the output energies of each set.

  FIG. 1 represents a preferred embodiment of the invention. This embodiment comprises three layers coating the high frequency absorption device 1 and forming an antenna, and the first layer 2 a, which is the outer layer, is composed of a general finishing material such as concrete, mortar, cement paste, float glass, crystallized glass,

  ceramic tiles and stones, with good resistance

  The relative permittivity of the finishing materials 2a must be less than 10 and preferably less than 7. The second layer 2b of the preferred embodiment is made of materials such as air or polystyrene. , and its relative permittivity is 1 to 1.5 The third layer 2c is composed of materials having a lower permittivity, for example a porous material such as a cellular resin, a fiber reinforced plastics material, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polycarbonate resin or a fluorocarbon resin The relative permittivity of the third layer 2c must be

  less than 5 and preferably 3.5.

  The relative permittivity ratio of the three layers is such that it decreases from layer 2a to 2c and layer 2b, all these layers having to have low losses. The surface treatment, for example by painting and enameling, can be carried out and when using paints and enamel in general, no problem arises when the thickness is extremely small compared to the wavelength of high frequencies, but metal should not be used as a treatment material

of surface.

  The thicknesses t 1 t 2, t 3 of the layers 2 a, 2 b, 2 c

  can be defined by the following formulas, that is,

  that is, when the requested (central) frequency is f (Hertz), we can obtain ti, t 2, t 3 t 1 = ml Co / 2 ffiy t 2 = m 2 Co / 2 ff 2 _ t = m Co / 2 f 2 f

3 3 '3 10

  Co being the speed of the waves in the air (3 10 m / s), Er 1, Er 2 and Er 3 being the relative permittivity of the first, second and third layers, m 1 being such that m 1 = N 0.3 and preferably N 0.1, m 2 and m 3 are between 0.1 and 0.6 and preferably between 0.1 and 0.3, or m 1, m 2, m 3 = N 0.3 and preferably N 0.1 with

N = 1.2.3

  mi, m 2 and m 3 are preferably small numbers so that the performances are good Co / 2 f 4 r F specifies the high frequency half-frequency of each material (layer) As a result, when the thickness of each material is equal to an integer number of half frequencies of the high frequency wave, good performance can be obtained.

  Thus, Figure 2 represents the ratio of trans-

  transmission of the high frequency transmission device according to the invention and of the prior art (a single layer), the first layer being composed of a soda-lime glass (S), the second layer of air, the third layer of a polycarbonate (PC), and m 1 = 1, m 2 = 0.15 and m 3

  is in the range 0.2 to 0.3. In FIG. 3, the first layer is composed of a soda-lime glass (S), the second layer of air, the third layer of a polycarbonate (PC) 5 and m 1 = 1, m 2 = 0.15 and m 3 is between 1.1 and 1.2.

  In FIG. 4, a first layer is composed of a

  borosilicate glass (B), the second layer of air, the third

  of polycarbonate (PC) and m 1 = 1, m 2 = 0.15 and m 3 is between 0.95 and 1.05. As a comparison, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the results obtained with a single layer of soda-lime glass are also shown and in Figure 4 the results obtained with a single layer of borosilicate glass are shown. They indicate that the frequency limits which must be transmitted with a high ratio of high frequency transmission are

  considerably distant from a single layer.

  mi, m 2 and m 3, as indicated in the preceding formula.

  dente, indicate the ratio of each layer with half

  wavelength of the high frequencies The relative permittivities of the different materials are the following soda-lime glass: Er = 6.3%, 139 borosilicate glass: Er = 4.6%, 026 air: Er = 1.0

polycarbonate: Er = 2.8%, 017.

  Figure 5 shows the transmission performance of

  sion for an oblique incidence of a wave according to the pre-

  invention, when the first layer is composed

  of a soda-lime glass (S), the second of air and the third

  In FIG. 6, the results obtained with a single glass layer are compared by comparison. The invention gives much better performances. FIG. 7 also represents the oblique incidence transmission performance for the XPD coefficient according to the invention when the first layer is composed of soda-lime glass S, the second layer of air and the

  third layer of PC polycarbonate FIG.

  For comparison purposes, the results obtained with a single layer of soda-lime glass S The performances according to the invention are better than those of the single layer 5 also for the frequencies indicated in FIGS.

  Figures 9 (a) to 9 (c) and 10 (a) to 10 (c) show

  3-layer structure results according to the invention which show a better permeability with respect to the single-layer structure or even a two-layer structure In the figures, the solid line indicates the experimental values and the black dots the

calculated values.

  FIG. 11 (a) shows a preferred embodiment of conditioned parabolic antenna 9 according to the present invention, having a high frequency transmission device which is a cover 7 of a box 6 in which a parabolic antenna is installed. It is

  conditioned, so that it can be easily installed

  As shown in Fig. 11 (b), the conditioned parabolic antenna 9 can be attached to a roof chimney 11 of building 10 and, even in this case, the dish antenna 8 itself. is not influenced by the wind since it is packaged in the box 6 and the cover (high frequency transmission device 7) The conditioned parabolic antenna 9 is designed so that it does not disturb the aesthetic appearance

of building 10.

  Figs. 12 (a) and 12 (b) show a preferred array antenna assembly embodiment according to the present invention, in which an antenna 5 forming an aerial in phase is subdivided into 5 'parts, each part 5 is placed in a box 13 which is closed by a cover 14 composed of a

high frequency transmission.

  FIGS. 13 (a), 13 (b) and 14 show a preferred embodiment of an antenna array in which the box 13 is formed of a frame

  aluminum. FIG. 15 represents a preferred embodiment of antenna installation according to the present invention.

  in which the necessary number of sets 15 are arranged so that they are adjacent In such a

  antenna installation, it is possible to obtain the necessary amplitude of communication capacity by accumulating the energies supplied by each set 15.

  FIG. 16 represents an antenna installation according to the present invention, installed in an external wall

  17 of a building through horizontal devices

  Zontals 16, the reference 18 designating an ornamental blind of a room The assemblies can be arranged in the insulation and not near it An antenna installation according to the present invention is such that each set can be placed in the insulation, so there is no need to prepare an enlarged area at a building location, and this is beneficial when planning the construction of the building.

  17 (a) to 17 (d) represent preferred embodiments of

  of an antenna installation placed in the walls of a building, the installation angle of each assembly 15 being similar to the angle of the walls of the building It is desirable that a device for adjusting the position of the fixing and the attachment angle of a portion 5 'of the assembly 15 against a box 13 is present although a

  such device is not shown in the drawings.

  The present invention provides the following effect. A high frequency transmission device is composed of three layers and the thickness of each layer can be

  freely adjusted so that the possibilities of penetration

  The XPD coefficient for the desired frequency can be improved, and the high frequency transmission device can be advantageously used as a cover material for a high-frequency absorption device.

frequencies and antenna.

  An antenna according to the present invention can be packaged or paneled with general materials.

  the antenna assembly organized from such antennas5 can be placed in a building, and it can not be damaged by the wind and does not disturb the aesthetic appearance.

  Building Antenna An antenna according to the present invention is placed in a box so that it can be free of dust, and its performance is retained for a longer period than prior art antennas which are exposed to the present invention. In addition, an antenna assembly according to the present invention may be placed near the walls of a building so that a phased air antenna can be used more.

effectively.

  Of course, various modifications can be

  provided by those skilled in the art to transmission devices

  and antennas which have just been described as non-limiting examples, without departing from the scope of

the invention.

Claims (6)

  Radio transmission device for finishing materials used in the construction, characterized in that it comprises an outer layer (2a) made of a general finishing material, a second layer (2b) placed on the inside the outer layer and whose relative permittivity is between 1 and 1.5, and a third layer having a lower permittivity and placed inside the second layer, the permittivity decreasing from the first layer to the third and in the second, the thickness of each layer being such that the high frequencies are effectively transmitted.  High frequency transmission device for building finishing materials, characterized in that it comprises an outer layer (2a) made of a general material such as concrete, mortar, cement paste, float glass , crystallized glass, ceramic tiles and stones, a second layer (2b) composed of materials such as air and polystyrene with a relative permittivity of between 1 and 1.5, and a third layer composed of a material of lower relative permittivity, such as a porous material, for example a cellular resin, a fiber-reinforced plastics material, an acrylic resin, vinyl chloride,   polycarbonate or a fluorocarbon resin, the   relative values decreasing from the first layer to the third and the second, the thickness of each layer being such that it effectively transmits the high frequencies.   A conditioned parabolic antenna, characterized in that it comprises a box having an opening, a satellite dish placed in the box, and a high frequency transmission device according to one of the   1 and 2, this transmission device being   applied in the form of a lid closing the opening of the box.   4 Antenna assembly, characterized in that   includes a box having an opening, subdivided   of an antenna forming an aerial in phase, the part   being installed in the box, and a transmission device   high frequency mission according to one of the claims   1 and 2, this transmission device being applied under   shape of a lid closing the opening of the box.   Antenna installation comprising the necessary number of antenna assemblies according to claim 4, characterized in that the antenna assemblies are placed in an external wall of a building so that they are adjacent to the wall or placed in the insulation , the installation having the necessary communication capacity obtained by   accumulation of the output powers of the sets.   Installation according to claim 5, characterized   in that the mounting angle of an antenna assembly according to claim 4 is similar to the angle of a wall of a building.