FR2697950A1 - Low voltage low frequency electrostatic wave generation in soln. - using titanium anode and electrically conducting cathode forming calcium or magnesium titanates when voltage is generated - Google Patents

Low voltage low frequency electrostatic wave generation in soln. - using titanium anode and electrically conducting cathode forming calcium or magnesium titanates when voltage is generated Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR2697950A1
FR2697950A1 FR9213545A FR9213545A FR2697950A1 FR 2697950 A1 FR2697950 A1 FR 2697950A1 FR 9213545 A FR9213545 A FR 9213545A FR 9213545 A FR9213545 A FR 9213545A FR 2697950 A1 FR2697950 A1 FR 2697950A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
voltage
cathode
anode
aqueous solution
pulsed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR9213545A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2697950B1 (en
Inventor
Mercier Dominique
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR9213545A priority Critical patent/FR2697950B1/en
Priority to PCT/FR1994/000567 priority patent/WO1995031405A1/en
Priority to EP94916277A priority patent/EP0766649A1/en
Publication of FR2697950A1 publication Critical patent/FR2697950A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2697950B1 publication Critical patent/FR2697950B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R3/00Electrically-conductive connections not otherwise provided for
    • H01R3/08Electrically-conductive connections not otherwise provided for for making connection to a liquid
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/60Heating arrangements wherein the heating current flows through granular powdered or fluid material, e.g. for salt-bath furnace, electrolytic heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/4602Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for prevention or elimination of deposits
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133Electrodes characterised by the material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4616Power supply
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04Disinfection
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Appts. for prodn. of low frequency, low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralised aq. solns. comprises at least one titanium anode (4) immersed in the soln. (2) opposite at least one electrically conducting cathode (1) in direct contact with the soln. (2). The anode (4) is connected to the positive terminal (7) of a voltage generator (5) and the cathode (1) to the negative terminal (8). USE/ADVANTAGE - Uses include (a) generation of continuous field, scale prevention, (b) generation of variable field, algicide or bactericide in water, scale removal and cleaning of metallic walls when acting as cathode, homogenisation and crystallisation of aq. suspensions, pptn. by electroflocculation, heating of solns. by thermal excitation, and (c) generation of pulsed variable field, anticorrosion by passivation. Continuous, pulsed and alternating electrostatic fields generated according to the type of voltage supplied by generator (claimed).

Description

DISPOSITIF POUR LA PRODUCTION DE CHAMPS ELECTROSTATIQUES DE
BASSES TENSIONS DANS LES SOLUTIONS AQUEUSES MINERALISEES
La présente invention concerne un dispositif permettant la production de champs électrostatiques de basses tensions dans les solutions aqueuses minéralisées. Il est connu de l'homme de l'art que si on applique un champ électrique E entre au moins deux électrodes au contact d'une solution aqueuse minéralisée donc de conductivité élevée, il se forme presque immédiatement les déplacements de charges électriques au sein du liquide qui s'opposent très rapidement à la pénétration du champ électrique dans le milieu. Une conduction ionique apparait, c'est ce que l'on appelle communément l'électrolyse. Le champ ne pénétre donc dans la solution aqueuse, qu'un très court temps après la mise sous tension.Ce temps se calcule comme étant le produit de la valeur de la permivité du liquide par la valeur de sa résistivité. Il est aussi connu de l'homme de l'art que la conductivité des solutions aqueuses minéralisées est élevée et que cela se traduit par le fait que le temps durant lequel le champ électrique pénétre la solutions aqueuse est excessivement court
Pour permettre la propagation de champs électriques dans les solutions aqueuses minéralisées, l'homme de l'art utilise traditionnellement des champs de très hautes fréquences en utilisant des électrodes isolées. Les problèmes rencontrés dans la fabrication de ces électrodes font que notamment du fait de l'épaisseur de l'isolant, l'homme de l'art est obligé d'utiliser des champs de hautes tensions.Pour provoquer un échauffement des solutions aqueuses on utilise les micro-ondes qui génèrent des agitations extrêment rapide des molécules d'eau (four à micro-ondes). Les micro-ondes sont générées par de très hautes fréquences ce qui implique qu'elles ne peuvent provoquer des déplacements de charges ioniques dans la solution mais uniquement des phénomènes d'agitation au niveau de certaines molécules. Les systèmes utilisant des électrodes isolées sont utilisés aux fins de provoquer des réactions catalytiques permettant donc divers traitements des solutions aqueuses, cependant ces techniques sont difficiles à mettre en oeuvre, onéreuses et n'utilisent du fait de la haute tension que des champs continus lorsqu'une seule électrode est isolée.Il faut entendre comme une seule électrode le fait que seule la (ou les) cathode(s) est isolée alors que l'anode est conductrice ou à l'inverse que le la (ou les) anodes(s) est isolée alors que la cathode est conductrice. Les techniques traditionnellement utilisées et décrites ci-dessus ont donc de fortes limites d'utilisation: les systèmes à microwndes ne peuvent être employés que pour chauffer les solutions aqueuses, les systèmes à électrodes isolées ne peuvent être employés qu'avec des hautes tensions ce qui oblige d'isoler toutes les électrodes en cas de champs alternatifs et de n'utiliser que des champs continus dans le cas ou l'une au moins des électrodes n'est pas isolée.Le dispositif objet de l'invention permet d'utiliser des champs électriques basses tensions continues pour générer des phénomènes catalytiques au sein de la solution aqueuse permet d'utiliser des champs électriques basses tensions et basses fréquences pour générer à la fois des phénomènes catalytîques et électrochimiques et enfin des champs électriques basses tensions et hautes fréquences pour chauffer les solutions aqueuses. Le dispositif objet de l'invention est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte au moins une électrode faisant office d'anode et réalisée en titane, au moins une contre électrode conductrice du courant électrique faisant office de cathode toutes deux immergées dans la solution aqueuse minéralisée. L'anode est reliée au pôle positif d'un générateur de tension et la cathode est reliée au pôle négatif du dit générateur.Suivant les utilisations souhaitées du dispositif objet de l'invention le générateur de tension peut générer une tension continue, une tension continue à laquelle est superposée des impulsions à l'anode, une tension alternative ou une tension continue à laquelle est superposée une tension alternative à l'anode. Les schémas des spectres électriques ci-après correspondent respectivement aux différentes tension d'alimentation ci-dessus énumérées.
DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS OF
LOW VOLTAGES IN MINERALIZED AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
The present invention relates to a device for producing low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions. It is known to one skilled in the art that if an electric field E is applied between at least two electrodes in contact with a mineralized aqueous solution and therefore of high conductivity, the movements of electric charges are formed almost immediately within the liquid that oppose very quickly the penetration of the electric field into the medium. Ionic conduction occurs, this is commonly known as electrolysis. The field thus enters the aqueous solution only a very short time after the power is turned on. This time is calculated as the product of the liquid permitivity value by the value of its resistivity. It is also known to those skilled in the art that the conductivity of the mineralized aqueous solutions is high and that this is reflected in the fact that the time during which the electric field penetrates the aqueous solution is excessively short.
To allow propagation of electric fields in mineralized aqueous solutions, those skilled in the art traditionally use very high frequency fields using isolated electrodes. The problems encountered in the manufacture of these electrodes make that, particularly because of the thickness of the insulation, those skilled in the art are obliged to use high voltage fields. To cause heating of the aqueous solutions is used microwaves that generate extremely rapid agitation of water molecules (microwave oven). Microwaves are generated by very high frequencies, which implies that they can not cause displacements of ionic charges in the solution but only agitation phenomena at the level of certain molecules. Systems using insulated electrodes are used for the purpose of causing catalytic reactions thus allowing various treatments of aqueous solutions, however these techniques are difficult to implement, expensive and use because of high voltage only continuous fields when a single electrode is insulated.It is meant as a single electrode that only the cathode (s) is insulated while the anode is conductive or conversely that the (or) anode (s) ) is isolated while the cathode is conductive. The techniques traditionally used and described above therefore have high limits of use: the microwndes systems can only be used to heat the aqueous solutions, the isolated electrode systems can be used only with high voltages which it is necessary to isolate all the electrodes in the event of alternative fields and to use only continuous fields in the case where at least one of the electrodes is not isolated. The device which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to use low voltage electric fields for generating catalytic phenomena within the aqueous solution makes it possible to use low voltage and low frequency electric fields to generate both catalytic and electrochemical phenomena and finally low voltage electric fields and high frequencies to heat aqueous solutions. The device which is the subject of the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least one anode-forming electrode made of titanium, at least one conductive electrode against the electric current acting as a cathode both immersed in the aqueous solution. mineralized. The anode is connected to the positive pole of a voltage generator and the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the said generator. According to the desired uses of the device which is the subject of the invention, the voltage generator can generate a DC voltage, a DC voltage. which is superimposed pulses at the anode, an AC voltage or a DC voltage which is superimposed on an alternating voltage at the anode. The following diagrams of the electrical spectra respectively correspond to the different supply voltage listed above.

a) tension continue

Figure img00020001

(o volt < # < #0 volts) b) tension continue et impulsions positives à l'anode
Figure img00020002

0 volt < x û volts 0 volt < yo 50 volts x < z < y c) tension alternative
Figure img00020003

0 volt x < 50 volts d) tension continue + alternative superposée à l'anode
Figure img00020004

O < x < 50 volts 0 < v < x
L'expérience du demandeur a démontré que les fréquences des impulsions ou des champs alternatifs doivent se situer de préférence dans une plage comprise entre 10 et 200 Hertz au regard du comportement particulier du titane dans le cas ou l'on recherche une action catalytique et dans le domaine de la très haute fréquence dans le cas ou l'on cherche à chauffer la solution aqueuse. De même l'expérience du demandeur a prouvé qu'il était préférable de rester sous une différence de potentiel maximum entre l'anode et la cathode de 50 volts toujours au regard du comportement particulier du titane. Enfin l1expérience du demandeur a prouvé qu'il était préférable de relier la borne négative du générateur et donc la cathode à la masse ou à l'utiliser comme masse flottante ce qui signifie que le potentiel de la cathode ne doit sensiblement pas varier lors de la mise sous tension.Le comportement du titane soumis lorsqu'il est immergé dans une solution aqueuse minéralisée, à une tension positive variable ou non est l'élément le plus important du dispositif objet de l'invention. En effet lorsque au contact de la solution aqueuse minéralisée, le titane est soumis artificiellement à une tension positive face à une cathode immergée dans la même solution aqueuse, il s'oxyde rapidement. Le produit d'oxydation adhère sur la surface immergée du titane, le courant passant initialement dans la solution par conduction ionique (à la mise sous tension) chute très rapidement ce qui signifie que ce produit d'oxydation adhérant à la surface de l'anode titane est un dielectrique.a) continuous voltage
Figure img00020001

(o volt <# <# 0 volts) b) DC voltage and positive pulses at the anode
Figure img00020002

0 volts <x volts 0 volts <yokes 50 volts x <z <yc) alternating voltage
Figure img00020003

0 volts x <50 volts d) DC + AC voltage superimposed on the anode
Figure img00020004

O <x <50 volts 0 <v <x
The applicant's experience has shown that the frequencies of the pulses or of the alternating fields must preferably be in a range between 10 and 200 Hertz with regard to the particular behavior of titanium in the case where a catalytic action is sought and in which the domain of the very high frequency in the case where one seeks to heat the aqueous solution. Similarly, the applicant's experience has shown that it is preferable to remain under a maximum potential difference between the anode and the cathode of 50 volts, still with regard to the particular behavior of titanium. Finally, the Applicant's experiment proved that it was preferable to connect the negative terminal of the generator and therefore the cathode to ground or to use it as a floating mass, which means that the cathode potential must not vary substantially during the The behavior of the titanium subjected when immersed in a mineralized aqueous solution, at a variable positive voltage or not is the most important element of the device object of the invention. Indeed, when in contact with the mineralized aqueous solution, the titanium is artificially subjected to a positive voltage facing a cathode immersed in the same aqueous solution, it oxidizes rapidly. The oxidation product adheres to the submerged surface of the titanium, the current initially flowing in the solution by ionic conduction (at power up) drops very rapidly which means that this oxidation product adhering to the surface of the anode Titanium is a dielectric.

L'expérience du demandeur a démontré que ce film d'oxyde adhérant est constitué de titanates de calcium et ou de magnésium suivant la minéralisation de la solution aqueuse. Les titanates se créent naturellement par réaction électrochimique à la surface immergée de l'anode grâce à la présence dans la solution aqueuse d'ions calcium et ou de magnésium.Les essais effectués par le demandeur donnent pour ces oxydes les caractéristiques diélectriques moyennes suivantes: constante dielectrique : 3 à 200 résistance spécifique: 106 à 1015a2Jcm coefficient de température; + 1300C à -3û00 x 10 -6/"C angle de perte :X10 x rigidité dieledrique: à 8 kV/mm de telles caractéristiques témoignent d'une excellente qualité isolante, il est normal qu'à une tension inférieure où égale à 50 volts et que d'une fréquence inférieure à 100 Hertz: jusqu'à une très haute fréquence, les titanates formés présente une excellent stabilité et que quelques microns d'épaisseur de ce diélectrique formé sur la surface de l'anode suffisent à annuler le passage des charges électriques (électrons) entre le titane et la solution aqueuse. The applicant's experiment has shown that this adhering oxide film consists of calcium and / or magnesium titanates depending on the mineralization of the aqueous solution. Titanates are naturally created by electrochemical reaction to the immersed surface of the anode by the presence in the aqueous solution of calcium and / or magnesium ions. The tests carried out by the applicant give for these oxides the following average dielectric characteristics: constant dielectric: 3 to 200 specific resistance: 106 to 1015a2Jcm temperature coefficient; + 1300C at -3000 x 10 -6 / "C loss angle: X10 x dieledric rigidity: at 8 kV / mm such characteristics testify to an excellent insulating quality, it is normal for a voltage lower than or equal to 50 volts and that with a frequency lower than 100 Hertz: up to a very high frequency, the titanates formed has excellent stability and that a few microns thick of this dielectric formed on the surface of the anode suffice to cancel the passage electric charges (electrons) between the titanium and the aqueous solution.

Dès la formation du titanate de calcium et ou de magnésium sur l'anode le dispositif formé par la chaîne cathode + solution aqueuse + anode oxydée devient un ensemble de condensateurs en série dont le plus important, celui dont la capacité est très importante est le condensateur formé entre la solution aqueuse minéralisée, le diélectrique qu'est la couche de titanates et l'anode titane. Un tel dispositif permet dès que l'oxydation de l'anode a eu lieu de générer au sein de la solution des champs électrostatiques continus, puisés, alternatifs ou polarisés et alternatifs superposés suivant le mode d'alimentation électrique choisit.Les applications d'un tel dispositif sont très nombreuses elles sont notamment: - dans le cas de champs continus : le traitement antitartre de l'eau par germination catalytique du carbonate de calcium - dans le cas de champs variables: le traitement algicide et bactéricide des eaux, le détartrage et le nettoyage des parois métalliques lorsqu'elles sont utilisées comme cathodes dans le dispositif, l'homogénéisation et la cristallisation de certaines suspensions en solutions aqueuses, la précipitation par électrofloculation de certaines suspensions en solutions aqueuses, le réchauffement de cellesci par excitation thermique des molécules d'eau. As soon as the calcium and / or magnesium titanate are formed on the anode, the device formed by the cathode + aqueous solution + oxidized anode chain becomes a set of capacitors in series, the most important of which, the capacitor of which is very important, is the capacitor formed between the mineralized aqueous solution, the dielectric which is the titanate layer and the titanium anode. Such a device makes it possible as soon as the oxidation of the anode has occurred to generate within the solution continuous, pulsed, alternating or polarized and alternating electrostatic fields superimposed according to the chosen power supply mode. such a device are very numerous they are in particular: - in the case of continuous fields: anti-tartar treatment of water by catalytic germination of calcium carbonate - in the case of variable fields: the algicide and bactericidal treatment of water, the descaling and the cleaning of the metal walls when they are used as cathodes in the device, the homogenization and the crystallization of certain suspensions in aqueous solutions, the precipitation by electroflocculation of certain suspensions in aqueous solutions, the heating of these by thermal excitation of the molecules of 'water.

- dans le cas de champs variables pulsés: outre les applications ci-dessus citées, le fait de générer des champs variables pulsés entre l'anode de titane oxydé et une paroi métallique utilisée comme cathode dans une meme solution aqueuse, permet de neutraliser immédiatement les corrosions existantes sur la dite paroi, après quelques heures de traitement la paroi métallique se passive rapidement
La figure 1 représente une réalisation particulière du dispositif objet de l'invention, elle n'est pas limitative notamment quant à la disposition et au nombre des électrodes ainsi qu'a la description du dispositif d'alimentation électrique qui se trouve ici schématisé.
in the case of pulsed variable fields: in addition to the above-mentioned applications, the fact of generating pulsed variable fields between the oxidized titanium anode and a metal wall used as a cathode in the same aqueous solution makes it possible to neutralize immediately the existing corrosions on the said wall, after a few hours of treatment the metal wall is rapidly passivated
FIG. 1 represents a particular embodiment of the device which is the subject of the invention, it is not limiting in particular as regards the arrangement and the number of electrodes as well as the description of the electrical power supply device which is shown schematically here.

La figure 1 représente une application non limitative qui consiste à placer l'anode titane au sein d'un ballon métallique, elle correspond particulièrement à une protection contre la corrosion du dit ballon ainsi qu'à une protection antitartre, bactéricide et algicide. Figure 1 shows a non-limiting application which consists of placing the titanium anode within a metal balloon, it particularly corresponds to a protection against corrosion of said ball as well as anti-tartar, bactericidal and algicidal.

Le dispositif objet de l'invention représenté sur la figure 1 se compose d'un ballon métallique (1) remplit d'une solution aqueuse minéralisée (2) à sa partie supérieure le ballon (1) est percé et équipé d'un bouchon étanche (3) réalisé dans un matériau isolant électriquement, le bouchon (3) est traversé par l'anode (4) qui est disposée verticalement au centre du ballon (1), immergée en sa partie inférieure dans la solution aqueuse minéralisée (2) sans aucun contact avec les parois du ballon (1) autre que la solution aqueuse (2). L'extrémité de l'anode (4) extérieure au ballon (1) est reliée par un câble à la borne positive (7) du générateur de tension (5) au travers d'un interrupteur manuel (6).Le corps métallique du ballon (1) est relié à la borne négative (8) du générateur de tension (5) par un câble électrique. Le ballon (1) est relié à la terre (9) et le générateur de tension (5) est relié à la source d'alimentation électrique adaptée (10). The device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 consists of a metal balloon (1) filled with a mineralized aqueous solution (2) at its upper part the balloon (1) is pierced and equipped with a leakproof plug (3) made of an electrically insulating material, the plug (3) is traversed by the anode (4) which is arranged vertically in the center of the balloon (1), immersed in its lower part in the mineralized aqueous solution (2) without no contact with the walls of the flask (1) other than the aqueous solution (2). The end of the anode (4) outside the balloon (1) is connected by a cable to the positive terminal (7) of the voltage generator (5) through a manual switch (6). balloon (1) is connected to the negative terminal (8) of the voltage generator (5) by an electric cable. The balloon (1) is connected to the ground (9) and the voltage generator (5) is connected to the adapted power source (10).

Dans le dispositif décrit à la figure 1, le générateur de tension est prévu pour délivrer une tension continue entre anode (4) et cathode (1) de 1 volts à laquelle est superposée un train d'impulsions rectangulaires positives de 40 volts de façon à ce que la tension moyenne entre anode (4) et cathode (1) soit régulée à une valeur de 3 volts. Les impulsions positives sont délivrées avec une fréquence de 25 Hertz.Un tel dispositif a été utilisé avec succès par le demandeur pour arrêter une corrosion déjà avancée du ballon, le demandeur a observé une passivation des parois du ballon (I) en contact avec la solution aqueuse minéralisée (2) ainsi que la baisse sensible de son pouvoir entartrant la chute du courant a été observée dans les minutes qui ont suivies la mise sous tension des électrodes (1) et (4) en fin d'expérience, l'anode a été démontée et il a été observé la présence d'un fin film adhérent de titanates sur toute la surface immergée de la dite anode (4). L'expérience a été renouvelée sur différents sites avec les différents types de tensions (continues, pulsées, altematives) avec les résultats escomptés. In the device described in FIG. 1, the voltage generator is designed to deliver a DC voltage between anode (4) and cathode (1) of 1 volts, on which is superimposed a 40 volt positive rectangular pulse train so as to the average voltage between anode (4) and cathode (1) is regulated to a value of 3 volts. The positive pulses are delivered with a frequency of 25 Hertz. Such a device has been used successfully by the applicant to stop an already advanced corrosion of the flask, the applicant has observed a passivation of the walls of the flask (I) in contact with the solution. mineralized water (2) as well as the significant decrease of its power scaling the fall of the current was observed in the minutes which followed the energization of the electrodes (1) and (4) at the end of the experiment, the anode has has been removed and it has been observed the presence of a thin film of titanates on the entire immersed surface of said anode (4). The experiment was repeated at different sites with the different types of voltages (continuous, pulsed, alternating) with the expected results.

L'expérience du demandeur a démontré que l'on obtenait un échauffement rapide de la solution aqueuse minéralisée dans le cas au l'on soumet ensemble anode (4) et cathode (1) à une tension pulsé ou alternative située dans la gamme des très hautes fréquences.  The applicant's experiment demonstrated that a rapid heating of the mineralized aqueous solution was obtained in the case of anode (4) and cathode (1) being subjected to a pulsed or alternating voltage situated in the range of the very high frequencies.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS 1) UisposwT pour ia production ae cnamps eiectrostauques ae Dasses fréquences et de basses tensions dans les solutions aqueuses minéralisées caractérisé en ce qutils comprennent au moins une anode (4) réalisée en titane et immergée dans la solution (2) face à au moins une cathode (1) conductrice du courant électrique et au contact direct de la solution aqueuse (2), anode (4) est reliée à la borne positive (7) d'un générateur de tension (5), la cathode (1) est reliée à la borne négative (8) du générateur de tension (5). 1) Apparatus for the production of electrostatic cnamps at low frequencies and low voltages in mineralized aqueous solutions, characterized in that they comprise at least one anode (4) made of titanium and immersed in the solution (2) in front of at least one cathode (1) conducting the electric current and in direct contact with the aqueous solution (2), anode (4) is connected to the positive terminal (7) of a voltage generator (5), the cathode (1) is connected to the negative terminal (8) of the voltage generator (5). 2) Dispositif suivant la revendication 1) caractérisé en ce que la mise sous tension des électrodes (1) et (4) grâce au générateur de tension (5) permet la formation d'un oxyde isolant constitué de titanates de calcium et ou de magnésium obtenu par réactions électrochimiques avec la solution aqueuse minéralisée (2) au contact des deux électrodes (1) et (4). 2) Device according to claim 1) characterized in that the energization of the electrodes (1) and (4) through the voltage generator (5) allows the formation of an insulating oxide consisting of titanates of calcium and or magnesium obtained by electrochemical reactions with the mineralized aqueous solution (2) in contact with the two electrodes (1) and (4). 3) Dispositif suivant les revendications 1) et 2) caractérisé en ce que suivant les formes de tensions délivrées par le générateur (5) l'électrode de titane oxydé (4) permet de générer au sein de la solution aqueuse (2) des champs électrostatiques continus, pulsés et alternatifs. 3) Device according to claims 1) and 2) characterized in that according to the voltage forms delivered by the generator (5) the oxidized titanium electrode (4) can generate in the aqueous solution (2) fields continuous, pulsed and alternating electrostatic. 4) Dispositif suivant les revendications 1), 2) et 3) caractérisé en ce que la différence de tension entre anode (4) et cathode (1) ne dépasse pas 50 volts.4) Device according to claims 1), 2) and 3) characterized in that the voltage difference between anode (4) and cathode (1) does not exceed 50 volts. 5) Dispositif suivant les revendications 1 â 3 caractérisé en ce que la fréquence des tensions pulsées ou alternatives soient inférieures ou égales à 200 Hertz. 5) Device according to claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the frequency of the pulsed or alternating voltages are less than or equal to 200 Hertz. 6) Dispositif suivant les revendications 1) à 4) caractérisé en ce que la fréquence des tensions pulsées ou alternatives se trouve dans la plage des très hautes fréquences dans le cas ou il est souhaité une augmentation de la température de la solution aqueuse minéralisée. 6) Device according to claims 1) to 4) characterized in that the frequency of the pulsed or alternating voltages is in the range of very high frequencies in the case where it is desired to increase the temperature of the mineralized aqueous solution. 7) Dispositif suivant les revendications 1-2 et 3 caractérisé en ce que la cathode (1) est une paroi métallique à protéger contre la corrosion.7) Device according to claims 1-2 and 3 characterized in that the cathode (1) is a metal wall to protect against corrosion. 8) Dispositif suivant la revendication 7) Caractérisé en ce que la cathode (1) est utilisée comme masse flottante du circuit électrique du générateur de tension (5).8) Device according to claim 7) characterized in that the cathode (1) is used as a floating mass of the electrical circuit of the voltage generator (5). 9) Dispositif suivant les revendications 7) et 8) caractérisé en ce que la cathode (1) est reliée à la terre (9). 9) Device according to claims 7) and 8) characterized in that the cathode (1) is connected to the earth (9).
FR9213545A 1992-11-10 1992-11-10 Device for the production of low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions. Expired - Fee Related FR2697950B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9213545A FR2697950B1 (en) 1992-11-10 1992-11-10 Device for the production of low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions.
PCT/FR1994/000567 WO1995031405A1 (en) 1992-11-10 1994-05-11 Method and device for generating low voltage electric fields in aqueous solutions
EP94916277A EP0766649A1 (en) 1992-11-10 1994-05-11 Method and device for generating low voltage electric fields in aqueous solutions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9213545A FR2697950B1 (en) 1992-11-10 1992-11-10 Device for the production of low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions.
PCT/FR1994/000567 WO1995031405A1 (en) 1992-11-10 1994-05-11 Method and device for generating low voltage electric fields in aqueous solutions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2697950A1 true FR2697950A1 (en) 1994-05-13
FR2697950B1 FR2697950B1 (en) 1995-05-12

Family

ID=9435423

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR9213545A Expired - Fee Related FR2697950B1 (en) 1992-11-10 1992-11-10 Device for the production of low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions.

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0766649A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2697950B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995031405A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995031405A1 (en) * 1992-11-10 1995-11-23 Dominique Mercier Method and device for generating low voltage electric fields in aqueous solutions
WO1997011908A2 (en) * 1995-09-25 1997-04-03 The National Engineering Research Center For Urban Pollution Control Process and device for treating water contaminated with micro-organisms and/or harmful pollutants
EP1592611A1 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-11-09 Myung Kuk Jung Anti-fouling and eliminating system against aquatic organisms
WO2006136635A2 (en) * 2005-06-21 2006-12-28 Pellicer Carlos F Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set
CN103610384A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 美的集团股份有限公司 Electric heating container for liquid

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2167237B2 (en) * 2000-05-18 2003-11-16 Fundacion Inasmet MICROORGANISM DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE.
CN103637699B (en) * 2013-11-29 2016-08-31 美的集团股份有限公司 The electric-heating container of liquid

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU947069A1 (en) * 1979-10-02 1982-07-30 Казанский инженерно-строительный институт Process for purifying water
EP0332951A2 (en) * 1988-03-12 1989-09-20 Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen AG Method and apparatus for electrochemically disinfecting waters
JPH02227182A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-10 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd Water sterilizing apparatus

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2471953A1 (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Girard Jean Claude Anti-scaling treatment unit for water circulating system - which subjects liq. simultaneously to hf vibrations and electric field
US4360417A (en) * 1980-07-03 1982-11-23 Celanese Corporation Dimensionally stable high surface area anode comprising graphitic carbon fibers
JPS6023361A (en) * 1983-07-19 1985-02-05 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc Preparation of aminoalkylsulfonic acids
FR2697950B1 (en) * 1992-11-10 1995-05-12 Dominique Mercier Device for the production of low voltage electrostatic fields in mineralized aqueous solutions.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU947069A1 (en) * 1979-10-02 1982-07-30 Казанский инженерно-строительный институт Process for purifying water
EP0332951A2 (en) * 1988-03-12 1989-09-20 Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen AG Method and apparatus for electrochemically disinfecting waters
JPH02227182A (en) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-10 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd Water sterilizing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 8324, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 83-58240K & SU-A-947 069 (KAZAN ENG CONS) *
DATABASE WPI Week 9042, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 90-317381 & JP-A-2 227 182 (MATSUSHITA) *
WATER RESEARCH vol. 24, no. 12, Décembre 1990, MARSH BARTON,GB pages 1491 - 1496 G.PATERMARAKIS ET AL. 'disinfection of water by electrochemical treatment' *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995031405A1 (en) * 1992-11-10 1995-11-23 Dominique Mercier Method and device for generating low voltage electric fields in aqueous solutions
WO1997011908A2 (en) * 1995-09-25 1997-04-03 The National Engineering Research Center For Urban Pollution Control Process and device for treating water contaminated with micro-organisms and/or harmful pollutants
WO1997011908A3 (en) * 1995-09-25 1997-04-24 Nat Engineering Res Ct For Urb Process and device for treating water contaminated with micro-organisms and/or harmful pollutants
EP1592611A1 (en) * 2003-02-13 2005-11-09 Myung Kuk Jung Anti-fouling and eliminating system against aquatic organisms
EP1592611A4 (en) * 2003-02-13 2008-12-17 Myung Kuk Jung Anti-fouling and eliminating system against aquatic organisms
WO2006136635A2 (en) * 2005-06-21 2006-12-28 Pellicer Carlos F Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set
WO2006136635A3 (en) * 2005-06-21 2007-04-19 Pellicer Carlos F Method for the treatment of materials that need time to set
ES2273579A1 (en) * 2005-06-21 2007-05-01 Carlos Fradera Pellicer Method for the treatment of technical elements which set over time
CN103610384A (en) * 2013-11-29 2014-03-05 美的集团股份有限公司 Electric heating container for liquid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1995031405A1 (en) 1995-11-23
FR2697950B1 (en) 1995-05-12
EP0766649A1 (en) 1997-04-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA1294916C (en) Induction method for the capacitive transfer of electromagnetic energy to a liquid or to biological tissues
EP0376835B1 (en) Electrical-treatment device for high-conductivity electrolytes, especially tap or river water ones
JP3183889B2 (en) Method and apparatus for preventing corrosion of metal structures
FR2697950A1 (en) Low voltage low frequency electrostatic wave generation in soln. - using titanium anode and electrically conducting cathode forming calcium or magnesium titanates when voltage is generated
KR910001830A (en) Manufacturing method of solid electrolytic capacitor
Toyoda et al. Estimation of conductivity and permittivity of water trees in PE from space charge distribution measurements
WO1986001496A1 (en) Electromagnetic treatment of water
FR2538004A1 (en) METHOD FOR THE CATHODIC PROTECTION OF ALUMINUM OBJECTS
Katsuta et al. Electrical properties of rutile (TiO2) thin film
Korolev et al. Development of discharge in a saline solution at near-threshold voltages
Sima et al. EIS studies of electrodeposition process of manganese and copper doped ZnO wires
JP2867006B2 (en) Coagulation separation method and apparatus therefor
FR3105739A1 (en) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SEPARATION OF OIL / WATER EMULSIONS BY ELECTROCOALESCENCE
RU2113544C1 (en) COMPLEX RUST AND FOULING PROTECTION (Variants)
US1032723A (en) Apparatus for preventing metal incrustation.
EP0861576B1 (en) Plasma stream generator with a closed-configuration arc
RU2025173C1 (en) Method of building high and ultrahigh pressures
EP0321536B1 (en) Process for passivating anodization of copper in a molten fluoride medium, and application to the protection of copper parts of fluorine electrolyzers
RU97107452A (en) METHOD FOR CLEANING THE SURFACE OF A METAL PRODUCT IN ELECTROLYTE
FR2638704A1 (en) Process for protecting immersed surfaces against biological soiling and a device for its use
RU2404493C1 (en) Electrotechnical connecting item
EP0899389A1 (en) Method and apparatus for drying walls
Khorunzhiy et al. Long-living plasma excited by electric discharge in water
Midi et al. Experimental studies of current distribution in stratified seawater under spark discharges
Nakamura et al. Polyimide films prepared by electrophoretic deposition and their dielectric breakdown

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TP Transmission of property
ST Notification of lapse
ST Notification of lapse