FR2681945A1 - Device and method for measuring and calculating the power consumption of an installation supplied by at least one source of thermal or electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

A device (1) and method for measuring and calculating the power consumption of an installation (2) supplied by at least one source (3) of energy. The device comprises detachable means (4, 5, 6) for measuring the electrical and/or thermal operational parameters of the source and the installation, a first portable means (8) for local processing of the data and means (11) for remote processing and/or second local processing means, comprising means for calculating the mean and instantaneous power consumption of the installation. Means for processing and retrieval of the results (15) obtained with the said means of calculation are also provided.

Description

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AND CALCULATING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF A POWER SUPPLY
BY AT LEAST ONE SOURCE OF THERMAL ENERGY OR
ELECTRIC.

 The present invention relates to a device and a method for measuring and calculating the energy consumption of an installation supplied by at least one source of thermal or electrical energy, and this for a determined time.

 It finds a particularly important, although not exclusive, application in the field of analysis and optimization of the energy consumption of an installation of an industrial nature using several sources of thermal and / or electrical energy, to satisfy several concurrent users.

 The use of such a device makes it possible to recommend, on the basis of the measurements and calculations carried out, the modification or reclassification of equipment in the installation, whether they are creators or consumers of energy, or even a change in the type of energy source used and / or modification of the installation itself.

 Devices for measuring and calculating the energy consumption of an installation are already known.

 These are essentially installed devices comprising fixed sensors arranged at determined locations in the installation and connected to a central monitoring computer.

Such devices exist in particular in the context of the management and monitoring of tall buildings, and have various drawbacks.

In particular, such devices are expensive, specific to a single installation for which they were provided at the time of design; they also present, and in general, results that are difficult to interpret directly by a non-specialist.

 The present invention aims to provide a device and a method for measuring and calculating the energy consumption of an installation for a determined time, meeting better than those previously known the requirements of practice, in particular in that they allow a recording and analysis of the energy consumption of different installations not previously planned for such measurements, with the same device, easily, and without hindrance for the operation of such installations.

 A device according to the invention also has a low cost, while producing "diagnostic" results that are directly understandable and usable by the user of the installation.

 To this end, the invention proposes in particular a device for measuring and calculating the energy consumption for a determined time of an installation supplied by at least one source of thermal or electrical energy, said device comprising means for measuring the electrical and / or thermal operating parameters of the energy source, and means for measuring the electrical and / or thermal operating conditions of the installation, characterized in that said measuring means comprise at least one removable measurement sensor at least one operating parameter of the energy source and / or measuring at least one parameter representative of the operating conditions of the installation, and in that the device comprises first portable, removable means, for local processing of information obtained from said measurement means, removably connectable to said measurement means, processing means to istance or second means for local processing of information obtained from said measuring means and / or first local processing means, suitable for being connected to said first local processing means, said remote or local processing means comprising means for calculation of the average and instantaneous energy consumption of the installation, as a function of physical parameters specific to the installation and its environment, and of the means of processing and restitution of the results obtained with said means of calculation.

 By operating conditions of the installation is meant the conditions which condition its consumption of electrical and / or thermal energy, such as for example the internal temperature conditions to be kept in a building or the quantity of laundry to be washed regularly. The external average climatic conditions, but also the number of openings likely to remain open, which influence the heat losses can also, and for example, constitute operating conditions taken into account in the present invention.

 In the case of second local processing means, these are advantageously connected in an irremovable manner to the first local processing means.

But they can also be connected to them removably.

 In advantageous embodiments, recourse is had to one and / or the other of the following arrangements - The remote processing means are connected to the first local processing means via the national or international telecommunication network.

- The device also includes means for comparing average or instantaneous consumption with fictitious consumption calculated with physical parameters specific to other installations and / or other types of standard or non-standard energy source.

- The device comprises means for processing and visual restitution of the results obtained with said comparison means.

- The device comprises at least one removable sensor for measuring pressure and / or fluid flow.

- The device comprises at least one sensor for measuring the C02 content of the gases coming from the installation, - The calculation means include means for calculating at least part of the average and / or instantaneous energy consumption of the installation, according to one and / or the other of the formulas, known per se, following E1 = Q x (#c -) x 1.163 (1)
E2 = txqx c1 (2)
E3 = I x / 3 x V x cosw x c2 (3) with
E1: Energy required to produce a quantity Q of hot water (Kwh)
Q: Quantity of hot water consumed in 1 hour (m3) Q: Hot water distribution temperature:: Cold water outlet temperature 1,163: correction coefficient to bring back the Kcal in
Kwh
E2: Energy consumption of an oil-fired boiler in operation (Kwh) t: operating time (in hours) q: nozzle flow rate (in m3) calculated as a function of its pressure c1: correction coefficient to bring back the liters of oil in Kwh
E3: electrical consumption of the installation from a low voltage substation (Kwh)
I: Measured intensity reduced over 1 hour (Axh) 3: Taking into account the three-phase
V: Voltage measured. In general 380 Volts cos: in general 0.8 cz: correction coefficient depending on the capacity of the current clamp (for example c2 = 25) - The installation comprising several thermal and / or electrical devices, the calculation means include means simulation of the energy consumption of the installation when at least one of said devices of the installation is replaced by another device.

- The portable local processing means include a box provided with an autonomous power supply.

- The means of restitution include means to help the user decide, to choose a new mode of operation of the installation. These means include, for example, means for graphically restoring curves and balances in relation to an ideal balance and to the rules of the art.

 The invention also proposes a method for diagnosing the energy consumption of an installation, in which, the electrical and / or thermal operating parameters of the energy sources supplying said installation are measured, the electrical operating conditions and / or thermal of the installation, and at least some of the physical parameters specific to the installation and its environment are measured, characterized in that said measured information is processed locally by calculating, as a function of the physical parameters specific to said installation and to its environment, the various instantaneous and / or average energy consumptions, simultaneous or not, of the installation, and said instantaneous and / or average consumptions are compared with fictitious consumptions calculated with parameters specific to other installations, and / or other types of standard or non-standard energy source.

 Advantageously, the installation is then modified, and / or its operation as a function of the results obtained, in order to improve the energy consumption of said installation.

 In an advantageous embodiment, the energy consumption of the installation comprising several thermal and / or electrical devices is simulated, by replacing the measurements obtained with at least one of the devices by fictitious values corresponding to another device.

 The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example. The description refers to the accompanying drawings in which - Figure 1 is a block diagram of a system implementing a device and a method according to the invention.

- Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the interfaces of a device according to the invention with an industrial installation of which it measures and calculates the operating parameters.

- Figure 3 is a simplified electrical diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.

FIG. 4 shows a mode of internal arrangement in a housing of a part of the device corresponding to FIG. 4.

- Figure 5 is a view of the rear wall of Figure 4.

- Figure 6 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

 FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for measuring and calculating the energy consumption for a determined time, for example a week, of an installation 2 supplied by a source of thermal and electrical energy 3.

 The device comprises means 4 and 5 for respectively measuring the electrical and thermal operating parameters of the energy source 3, and means 6 for measuring the energetic, electrical and thermal operating conditions of the installation 2.

 These measurement means (4, 5 and 6) comprise measurement sensors of types known per se, such as thermocouples, amperometric clamps, flow rates meters for gas or liquid etc ...

 They are arranged to measure the operating parameters of the energy source on the one hand, and of the installation on the other hand, as will be seen more precisely with reference to FIG. 2.

 The parameters or information measured are represented by the symbol 7 in FIG. 1.

 The device 1 comprises first means 8, portable, removable, for local processing, that is to say on the site of the installation, information 7 obtained from the means of measurements 4, 5 and 6.

 The means 8 are rapidly connectable to the measurement means and also include an interface allowing information 9 to be entered, by an operator 10, for example via a keyboard (not shown).

 The device further comprises means 11 for processing at a distance, for example, but which can also be local, comprising means for calculating the average and / or instantaneous energy consumption of the installation, as a function of the information on the one hand. 7 and possibly 9, and on the other hand physical parameters specific to the installation and its environment previously stored at 12 or introduced by the operator 10 (information 9).

 An operator 13 can intervene on the remote processing means 11, connected to the means 8 by the national telecommunications network 14.

 The means 11 also include means for processing and restoring the results obtained with the calculation means.

These results can then be used to intervene (arrow 16) on the installation, and / or its operation, to improve the energy consumption of said installation.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram showing in more detail the interfaces of a device 17 according to the invention with an industrial installation 18 constituted by a hospital clinic and this by way of example. The device which measures and calculates the operating parameters of this installation comprises the first portable means 19 for local processing, the second means 20 for local or remote processing and the means 21 for restoring information and calculations to an operator.

 The installation 18 comprises a steam boiler 22. Six sensors associated with this boiler, which will make it possible to calculate the energy consumed by the latter operating on fuel oil, are for example provided and removably connected to the means 19.

 Two temperature sensors 23 and 24 take respectively the outlet temperatures T1t C] and the inlet T2 [C] of the steam.

 Flow meters 25 and 26, which may be existing fixed on the installation, or removable and added at the location of a connection flange of a valve, for example, are also provided.

 They respectively measure the volumes accumulated over a determined operating time on the one hand from the city water consumed by the boiler: Vevtm3] and on the other hand from the condensates recovered: V [m3.

 Finally, sensors 27 and 28 are provided for measuring the times Tf1 [h] and Tf2 (h] of cumulative operation at two different stages of the nozzles of the boiler.

 There is then shown at 30 in FIG. 2, a power station of three hot water boilers 31, 32 and 33 operating on fuel oil. This plant includes four main supply pipes for installation 34, 35, 36 and 37.

 Four sets of temperature sensors (for example thermocouples) fixed in a manner known per se to the pipes, are provided respectively at the inlet (34 ', 35', 36 ', 37') and at the outlet (34 ", 35 '' , 36 '', 37 '') of these pipes which are then connected to the boilers; these sensors measure the temperatures supplying the means 19 with information.

 The cumulative operating times of the nozzles are also supplied to the means 19 in two different operating cases for the nozzles.

 In the example more particularly described here, the installation also includes a domestic hot water supply system comprising an exchanger 41, the primary of which is supplied by the central unit 30.

 The secondary of the exchanger 41 supplies three networks 42, 43 and 44 (the laundry room, the kitchen and the sanitary waters), the combined flows of which are measured by three sensors 45, 46 and 47 transmitting their information to the means 19.

 The installation 18 also includes an electrical supply system 50 for the various stations of the installation.

 In the example more particularly described here, applied to an installation of the hospital clinical type, these positions are for example the following (represented by squares in FIG. 2) the lighting 51, the elevators 52, various small consumers 53, the boiler room 54, laundry room 55, kitchen 56, medical devices 57, ventilation 58, air conditioning 59 and a chiller 60.

 Sensors known in themselves are provided for measuring the various electrical and / or thermal operating parameters corresponding to each station, namely the sensors 51 ′ (intensity), 52 ′ (operating time), 53 ′ (intensity), 54 '(operating time), 55' (intensity), 56 '(intensity), 57' (intensity), 58 '(operating time), 59' (operating time) and 60 '(operating time).

 A device according to the invention will now be described more precisely with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

 FIG. 3 is a simplified electrical diagram of the portable part 70 of an embodiment of the device of the invention more particularly described here.

 It includes a motherboard 71 which includes means 72 for local processing of information. These means 72 include or are associated remotely from the installation with a member 73 for local or remote digital processing and calculation, for example a microprocessor 74 associated with a working random access memory (RAM) 75 and read only memories ( ROM) for storage 76, of preprogrammed values.

 The means 72 comprise at least one ROM or RAM memory 77 associated with at least one converter circuit 78, comprising in particular an analog / digital converter part for converting the analog parameters measured on the installation into digital data usable by the unit. processing and computing 73.

 The converter means 78 are connected to the installation via information input / output cards, namely a first all-or-nothing (digital) input / output card 80, connectable to the measurement sensors of the installation via a series 81 of relays, and supplied with 12V 2Axh current by the battery 82, a second card 83 of analog inputs connectable to the measurement sensor of the installation via a battery of transducers 84 and supplied with 220V from the mains, a third card 85 of all or nothing inputs connectable to the sensor means by a second series of relays 86, and supplied with current by a second battery 87 12Volts-6Axheure, and finally a fourth card 88 of low voltage analog inputs.

 The means 72, possibly 73, as well as the above input / output cards and their electrical supply are arranged in a small volume housing, for example the volume of a small suitcase.

 Means 89 for connection to the sector, means 90 for protection with respect to the sector and a cooling fan 91 are also provided inside the housing.

 The means 72 and / or 73 are in turn connectable via an input / output interface circuit 92 with data input means comprising for example a keyboard 93, a mouse 94 and restitution means comprising for example a screen 95, a printer etc ...

 A connection 96 with the telecommunications network is also provided in a manner known per se.

 FIGS. 4 and 5 show more precisely a part of the content of a parallelepipedic box 100, for example 50 cm × 50 cm × 20 cm, comprising the portable means 101 for local processing of electrical information coming from the installation according to the embodiment of part of the device corresponding to FIG. 3.

 The outputs to the sensors are provided on an internal rear face 102, protected by a part 103 of the retractable housing, for protection and storage of connection cables.

 The connections are constituted, in a manner known per se, by female plugs 104.

 There is an outlet 105, a connection for telephone network 106, and RS232 outputs for example an output 107 for a device of the type known under the brand MINITEL, an output 108 printer etc ...

 The motherboard 70 is placed in the center of the housing 100, which also contains the various transducers 84, for example 6 in number. The sector 90 and telephone 89 protection are arranged on the front face, as well as the relays 81 (for example the number 8) and the fan 91.

 We will now describe the process according to the invention applied to a facility of the hospital type with more particular reference to FIGS. 2 and 6.

 The operator responsible for implementing the device and the method according to the invention goes to the installation to be measured.

 It is provided on the one hand, with the portable box containing the local processing means and on the other hand, with a case containing a series of measurement sensors with connection cables. These are essentially, but not limited to, electrical sensors (clamps with ammeters with ammeters, voltmeters, etc.), temperature sensors (for example removable thermocouples), flow sensors (removable flow meter connectable in series on a pipe ...), possibly removable pressure switches, etc. All these sensors are known in themselves.

 The operator visits the installation, identifies the different sources of energy, as well as the installation's design parameters (surface, number of rooms, number of radiators, etc.) and any other parameter that may be of interest (for example example number of beds in a hospital, number of meals / days, etc.) for the user of the installation, and which could prove useful for the user who wishes to establish certain ratios, which will help him in his management.

 Each energy consuming source and / or station is taken into account, and is the subject of data which will be introduced into the local processing means by the operator, for example via a computer keyboard and / or a computer. for example portable used simultaneously.

 In this case, the calculation processing which will be carried out within the framework of the implementation of the present process, may be carried out on site.

However, the local processing means contained in the portable box can also be connected, via the laptop or not, to another computer by the national telecommunications network for remote processing.

 For example a summary of the laundry facilities, including washing machines, ironers, etc ..., supplemented by data on the average operating times of said facilities, on the quantity of laundry treated monthly, etc ...

can thus be introduced into the memory of the processing means.

 Referring to FIG. 6, the operation of manually entering this data is represented by block 110, after initialization of the processing program at 109.

 We will now describe more precisely a method according to the invention with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 6. This is the processing method in the case of the installation of FIG. 2. Such a flow diagram, after modification within the reach of the skilled person, is obviously also applicable to other installations, in part or in whole.

 The operations provided for in this organization chart are therefore not given in a restrictive manner; other operations and / or instructions can be added or substituted.

 The first block in broken lines 111 corresponds to the processing of the energy source constituted by the steam boiler 22, operating with domestic fuel oil. A test 112 makes it possible to take it into account or not for the establishment of a final balance, for example.

 From data 113 coming from the measurements carried out by the sensors 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 previously placed on the installation if necessary, by the operator, the energy supplied in 115 is calculated. function of the temperature difference (T1 - T2>, of the heat of vaporization, and of the water flow conveyed through the boiler, obtained from the measured volume differences [(Vev. + Vcl) - (Vev + Vc)] (see above for the meaning of the variables) The values indicated "" 'are the previous readings, to be deducted from the accumulated instantaneous readings.

 Then, at 116, the fuel oil consumption is calculated as a function of the flow rates of the jets of the boiler and the respective operating times of these jets, equal to [(Tf1. - Tfz,) - (Tf1 - Tf2)] taking into account correction coefficients, in a manner known per se, in accordance with formula (2) above.

 Finally, the values obtained are processed (block 117) by possibly comparing them with others, for example to establish ratios, then they are stored at 118 for further overall processing.

 The branch 119 makes it possible to stop the process at this stage or to go to the next step 121, for example via an intermediate operation 120 for signaling and / or manual triggering of change of stage.

 step 121 can be bypassed by test 122.

It corresponds to the processing of data from the boiler room 30.

 The data 123 partly comes from the sensors 34 ', 34 "; 35', 35"; 36 ', 36 "; 37', 37", and respectively indicate the flow (d) and return (r) temperatures Tdi, Tri, Tdz, Tr2 Td3, r Tr3 Td4, Tr4 of networks 34, 35, 36 and 37. Data 123 also includes the cumulative operating times at a first stage, and at a second stage, of the jets of the boilers 31, 32 and 33, in hours [Tf1-31 Tf2-31, Tf1-32, Tf2-32 , Tuf133, Tf2.33]. These data are formatted in 124.

 Then, at 125, the energy supplied to each network 34, 35, 36 and 37 is calculated as a function of the temperature differences and of the respective flows conveyed by the circulation pumps [flows measured by means (not shown) and introduced in 123, or introduced at step 110].

 The fuel oil consumption is then calculated (block 126), as a function of the nozzle flow rates as previously indicated in 115 and 116.

 Finally, the values obtained in 127 are processed, possibly comparing them as indicated in 117, and they are stored in memory 118.

 Steps 128, 129 and 130 are of the same type as steps 119, 120 and 122.

 Step 131 corresponds to a processing of the system 40 of FIG. 2.

 Data 132 from measurements on the installation are processed as follows.

 In 133, we format these data.

 In 134, the cumulative flow rates from the sensors 45, 46 and 47 are calculated as a function of the operating times.

 In 135 they are distributed according to the three distribution circuits 42, 43 and 44, the energy consumed is calculated by applying the formula (1) above, then it is stored in memory 118.

 Operations 136, 137 and 138 are of the same type as operations 119, 120 and 122.

 Finally, step 139 is carried out (broken line) corresponding to the processing of the electrical consumption of the installation represented by 50 in FIG. 2).

 The measured data 140 coming from the sensors 51 ′ to 60 ′ are introduced into the device and shaped in 141.

 In 142, the intensities are calculated. In 143, the operating times are calculated, and this information is processed in 144 by calculating the electrical consumption according to formula (3) above which is always stored in memory 118.

 Step 145 is a step of reading and / or printing the results.

 These can be the subject of a simulation and comparison step in 146 to optimize consumption; step 147 is a new step of restitution of the results obtained.

 A final decision-making step 148 makes it possible, for example, by easily and graphically restoring the data obtained, in a manner known per se, to recommend a change of boiler, or other types of improvement.

 As is obvious, and as it follows from the above, the invention is of course not limited to the embodiment more particularly described, but on the contrary embraces all the variants remaining within the framework of equivalences.

Claims (12)

 1. Device (1,17) for measuring and calculating the energy consumption for a determined time of an installation (2, 18) supplied by at least one source (3, 22, 31, 32, 33, 41) of thermal or electrical energy, said device comprising measuring means (4, 5; 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28; 34 ', 34 ", 35', 35", 36 ', 36 ", 37 ', 37 "; 51', 52 ', 53', 54 ', 55', 56 ', 57', 58 ', 59', 60 ') electrical and / or thermal operating parameters of the energy source , and measuring means (6, 45, 46, 47) of the electrical and / or thermal operating conditions of the installation, characterized in that said measuring means comprise at least one removable sensor (23, 24, 25, 26, 34 ', 341w, 35', 35 ", 36 ', 36", 37', 37 "; 51 ', 52', 53 ', 54', 55 ', 56', 57 ', 58', 59 ', 60') for measuring at least one operating parameter of the energy source and / or for measuring at least one parameter representative of the operating conditions of the installation, and that the device comprises first portable (removable) means (8, 19, 72) for local processing of the information (7, 113, 123, 132, 140) obtained from said measurement means, which can be removably connected to said measurements, means (11, 20, 73) for remote processing or second means (11, 20, 73) for local processing of the information obtained from said measurement means and / or first local processing means, suitable for be connected to said first local processing means, said remote or local processing means comprising means (74) for calculating the average and / or instantaneous energy consumption of the installation, as a function of physical parameters specific to the installation and its environment, and means of processing (74, 75, 76) and of restitution (92, 95) of the results (15) obtained with said means of calculation.  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the remote processing means (73) are arranged to be removably connected to the first local processing means (72) via the national or international telecommunications network.  3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises means (74, 75, 12, 110, 118) for comparing average or instantaneous consumption with fictitious consumption calculated with specific physical parameters to other installations and / or other types of standard or non-standard energy source.  4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes means (74, 95) for processing and visual restitution of the results obtained with said comparison means.  5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one removable sensor for measuring pressure and / or fluid flow.  6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one sensor for measuring the content of C02 of gases from the installation.  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calculation means comprise means for calculating at least part of the average and / or instantaneous energy consumption of the installation, according to one and / or the other of the following formulas, known in themselves E1 = Q x (ec - ef) x 1,163 (1) E2 = t x q x c1 (2) E3 = I x 13 x V x cosw x c2 (3) with E1: Energy required to produce a quantity Q of hot water (Kwh) Q: Quantity of hot water consumed in 1 hour (m3):: Hot water distribution temperature:: Cold water outlet temperature 1,163: correction coefficient to bring back the Kcal in Kwh E2: Energy consumption of an oil-fired boiler in operation (Kwh) t: operating time (in hours) q: nozzle flow rate (in m3) calculated as a function of its pressure c1: correction coefficient to bring back the liters of oil in Kwh E3: electrical consumption of the installation from a low voltage substation (Kwh) I: Measured current reduced over 1 hour (Axb) g3: Taking into account the three-phase V: Measured voltage cosw: generally 0.8 c2: correction coefficient depending on the capacity of the current clamp used for the measurement  8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, the installation comprising several thermal and / or electrical devices, the calculation means comprise means of simulation (74, 118) of the energy consumption of the installation when at least one of the said devices in the installation is replaced by another device.  9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the portable local processing means comprise a box 100 provided with an autonomous power supply (82, 87).  10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processing means include means (74, 95, 94, 96) for helping the user to decide, for choosing a new operating mode of the installation.  11. Method for diagnosing the energy consumption of an installation, in which, the electrical and / or thermal operating parameters of the energy sources supplying said installation are measured, the electrical and / or thermal operating conditions of the device are measured installation, and at least some of the physical parameters specific to the installation and its environment are measured, characterized in that said measured information is processed locally by calculating, as a function of the physical parameters specific to said installation and to its environment, the different instantaneous energy consumption, simultaneous or not, and / or average of the installation, and said instantaneous and / or average consumption is compared with fictitious consumption calculated with parameters specific to other installations, and / or other types of standard or non-standard energy sources.  12. Method according to claim 11 characterized in that the energy consumption of the installation comprising several thermal and / or electrical devices is simulated, by replacing the measurements obtained with at least one of the devices by fictitious values corresponding to another device.