JP2010197025A - Heat source machine efficiency management system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an energy management system capable simultaneously measuring and displaying energy real exchange efficiency of fuel and electricity and exhaust heat utilization efficiency in a system using a heat source machine (boiler, refrigerating machine, heat exchanger and the like) in commercial facilities such as hot bath facilities and the like. <P>SOLUTION: This system for simultaneously measuring and displaying instantaneous and integrated real efficiencies and fuel consumption of a heat source exchange system is constituted by measuring the amount of evaporative water including steam condensate, a temperature, an air ratio and the like in a steam boiler, and relatively operating and analyzing energy heat generation amount obtained by simultaneously measuring usages of primary-side fuel and energy source and costs by using a calorie measuring method by operation based on measurement values of a flowmeter and a pair of temperature sensors disposed at a secondary side of the heat source machine in a hot-water boiler. The energy exchange efficiency of fuel and electricity corresponding to changing energetic load is instantaneously displayed, thus a problem in energy management found when comparison and validation are performed only on the basis of amounts of meters actually used, can be solved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an energy management technique for measuring and displaying system efficiency of a heat source machine such as a boiler and a waste heat exchanger in a commercial facility such as a hot bath facility.

  Various high-efficiency heat source devices and energy-saving systems have appeared for the purpose of CO2 reduction and energy-saving to prevent global warming. Each energy-saving device has its own efficiency and performance, but in an actual facility where products from various manufacturers are mixed, the system is complex and the current energy efficiency can be investigated centrally. This is a difficult situation. In other words, even though we know that new products will save energy, it is almost impossible to know how much they will actually be saved unless they are installed. It is a situation where the energy saving effect can be verified. This is not easy to introduce and far from systematic energy management. It is necessary to know exactly how much current heat source equipment is efficient, and to know how much energy is saved when energy-saving equipment is introduced, but there is no general-purpose system. In addition, energy-saving equipment that uses waste heat from waste water, warm wastewater, and washroom wastewater is increasing. However, since a system that continuously measures waste heat utilization and efficiency is not shown at the same time, the energy saving effect of the entire facility Is difficult to verify.

In general factories and commercial facilities, fuel costs do not fluctuate so much, and it is easy to reduce the amount by referring to past data, but especially in hot bath facilities and hotel inns, fluctuations in the energy load depend on the number of customers. Intense, past data to compare is not helpful.
For example, health land uses a large amount of hot water, and the amount of water used per person is about 250 to 300 liters. Of these, approximately 150 liters are used as hot water, but the number of customers varies greatly, with around 500 people on weekdays, 2,000 on weekends and 3,000 on busy days. The number of hot water at about 42 ° C. increases by 150 m 3 when 1,000 people increase, and 225 m 3 hot water becomes necessary when 1,500 people increase.
In such facilities, health equipment and leisure equipment are added and changed every year to attract customers, and past energy and expense data are not helpful. It is necessary to manage the exchange equipment and always know the amount of energy accumulated.

  In addition, since the heat source equipment manufacturer does not touch the entire equipment that uses it or the overall maintenance of the equipment, it cannot grasp and adjust the entire system. The general efficiency of the heat source equipment itself is shown, but the actual operating situation is infinite. In other words, if the flow rate or air flow setting to the heat source device or the system design is poor, the heat source device cannot be used effectively, and the automatic control settings at the time of new construction often do not match the actual operating conditions as they are. That is, since there is no system for monitoring the actual fuel consumption and system efficiency of each heat source device, it is not known whether the fuel and electric energy on the primary side of the heat source can be effectively used without waste.

  In addition, hot-spring baths and other “run-offs” are commonly performed at hot-spring bath facilities, but recently they have begun to be reused due to the abandonment of heat energy. In addition, there is a system that reuses part of the heat from the wastewater in the washing area through a waste heat exchanger. However, the efficiency gradually decreases later due to scale and dirt, and finally, the wastewater is blocked and reused. Often not. There is no verification of energy saving after installation.

  The constant energy saving of heat source equipment and heat quantity depends largely on facility management. In the equipment body, it is necessary to constantly grasp the system efficiency of the boiler and the like. For example, soot gradually adheres to an old hot water boiler, and the efficiency drops by 10% to several tens of percent when incomplete combustion continues continuously by repeating non-ignition. This is a loss of several million yen to 10 million yen per year in the bathing facility. There are many factors that reduce the efficiency of steam boilers, such as the air ratio, blow rate, and water quality, but the actual efficiency is extremely low because they are not managed. Even if new equipment is introduced, this is the same. If maintenance is not performed, the efficiency will eventually drop. If there is a system that constantly monitors efficiency, it can be dealt with quickly and a huge loss can be prevented.

  Many health lands, etc. are open 24 hours a day, and unless a closed day is used, it will be difficult to install a large-diameter flow meter or the like under the hot water supply equipment that is the main facility. For this reason, in the present invention, an ultrasonic flowmeter is used at a place where it is difficult to attach the electromagnetic flowmeter, and the temperature sensor is attached to the tapping of the thermometer, so that the confirmation device can be attached without providing a closed day.

  The first solution in the present invention was actually used with the calorific value derived from the amount of fuel used on the primary side at the same time as using a calorie measuring device such as a flow meter or a temperature sensor on the secondary side of the heat source machine. The system is characterized in that the secondary energy amount is always calculated and the efficiency of the entire system as well as the heat source equipment can be displayed and confirmed in real time. At the same time, it determines the maintenance time of the heat source device main body, and also serves as a system for monitoring abnormalities.

For example, in a hot water boiler, the amount of heat obtained on the secondary side of the heat source unit is obtained by multiplying the actual flow of the secondary side transmitted from the heat source unit by the temperature difference at the entrance and exit of the heat source unit, and the unit is expressed in kcal. The On the other hand, the amount of energy of the fuel supplied to the primary side of the heat source unit during that time is, for example, A heavy oil, the lower heating value per liter is 8,772 kcal / L. Multiplying the unit calorific value is the amount of heat supplied on the primary side. The efficiency (E) in this case is E = [(heat source machine secondary side outlet temperature−heat source machine secondary side inlet temperature) × (secondary side flow rate: l / h)] ÷ [(1 The amount of fuel supplied on the next side: l / h) × (low heating value per unit of heavy oil A: 8,772 kcal / L)].
In the present invention, this efficiency is constantly measured and calculated, the energy usage state is continuously displayed on a central monitoring device or a personal computer, and instantaneous values are constantly displayed and recorded. Also, in case the efficiency drops due to some reason, it is possible to quickly detect the abnormality by setting an alarm value and transferring it, and to quickly execute the response time such as maintenance, thereby minimizing the cost and waste of fuel. Made it possible.

  The second solution in the present invention is to incorporate the total amount of heat exchange of the plurality of systems used on the secondary side into the calculation of the system efficiency even when the system is complex with a plurality of systems. Display the total amount of energy used by each system in the secondary side heat source utilization system, such as the total amount of energy actually used at each location and the amount of recovered exhaust heat using the energy check device and calorimeter, etc. Recording is performed, and the system efficiency of the entire equipment is displayed on a personal computer or the like in a continuous synchronization with the calorific value derived from the amount of fuel used on the primary side. In the case of heat source equipment with multiple circuits, the efficiency increases when adjusted seasonally, but it also serves as a guideline for system operation to monitor the overall efficiency and heat exchange speed.

The gist of the present invention is to provide a device that can always display the overall energy efficiency including the heat source machine main body and grasp fluctuations. That is, it is energy management to always know the operation status of direct utilization heat and heat dissipation, exhaust heat amount and recovered heat during operation. It is to be able to construct a simple energy monitoring system that displays the operational efficiency of multi-system complex facilities in%.
Even when converting fuel such as A heavy oil to other fuels, or when verifying energy-saving heat source units and fuel reduction systems, it is easy to measure the system efficiency on the primary and secondary sides of the heat source unit. Efficiency comparison is possible, and even if the usage amount on the secondary side is fluctuating, comparative verification of fuel efficiency can be performed by comparing the “efficiency” measured simultaneously.
In the case of a hot water boiler, it is easy to measure the sensible heat used on the secondary side. The basic calculation formula for efficiency is shown in Table 1.

  Along with the temperature sensor measurement value and flow rate display, this calculated value is always displayed on the energy monitor device (net or personal computer). It is also possible to display the percentage of normal efficiency measured after maintenance or cleaning.

The efficiency calculation method is different for steam boilers. Similarly, a steam flow meter can be used, but there are some that do not return as condensate (high-temperature water recovered through a steam trap) when it is used in a sauna or the like to form a condensate. Measurement is difficult when temperature and pressure fluctuate.
In the verification of the efficiency of steam boilers, the simple concept of “evaporation multiple” has permeated. Just like hot water boilers, there is no commercial system that can verify efficiency in real time. When the “latent heat” that evaporates from the boiler flue is increasing and the efficiency is reduced, it is expressed in the form of a reduced evaporation factor for the same amount of fuel. The calculation formula of “evaporation multiple” is as shown in Table 2 when heavy oil is used as fuel, for example.

  When calculating the efficiency of a steam boiler in earnest, use the following formula. The calculation formula representing the efficiency of this steam boiler is as shown in Table 3, for example, when heavy oil is used as fuel.

  The specific enthalpy of steam and the specific enthalpy of water supply are determined by the temperature and pressure, but the approximate value of the Excel air line chart etc. prepared in advance when calculating the mathematical formula is used. Select and read the enthalpy value.

When the secondary side of the steam boiler circulates the heating circuit via the heat exchanger, it is considered in the same way as the efficiency verification method of the hot water boiler. When a heating circuit using live steam and a heat exchanger is mixed, the basic fuel consumption is grasped according to the usage rate, and it is calculated and incorporated into a formula.
The present invention is not in the application or calculation formula of these already used concepts, but in constantly displaying the energy efficiency of the entire system incorporating these, by constantly monitoring the efficiency, In addition to grasping waste and maintenance time, energy management is facilitated.

  In addition, the present invention is reused as the primary heat source side in the case of district cooling and heating, and when a heat exchanger is used as a heat source for the purpose of using hot water flowing from hot springs, hot water drainage, or wastewater from washing facilities. This is a management system that measures and displays the heat exchange efficiency at all times by measuring the amount of heat exchanged on the secondary side, and monitors the temperature difference before and after heat exchange when the heat exchange efficiency drops due to scale or dirt. There is no system to notify the maintenance and decomposition cleaning time, and there is an abnormality in the automatic control of the heat reuse system, and when the efficiency falls below a preset efficiency compared to the normal replacement efficiency, detailed management to notify the system abnormality as an alarm Build a system.

１）｝（ｋｃａｌ／ｈ）で示される。加熱回路についてもまったく同様である。
このときの熱交換効率はＥ＝Ｑｂ÷Ｑａで示されるのであり、百分率で表される。６のエネルギー交換効率モニタに常時リアルタイムで表示し、１時間当たり，１日当たり，１ヶ月，年単位の積算値を演算可能なものとする。As an embodiment, for example, when heavy oil is used as fuel, the supply energy amount per hour on the heavy oil supply facility side indicated by 19 (primary side fuel supply zone) in FIG. The measured flow rate per hour (L / h) × unit calorific value 8,772 (kcal / h) measured with a meter. On the other hand, the actually used energy amount Qb shown in 13 (secondary energy use zone) is measured by 3 flow meters, 4 inlet temperature sensors, and 14 outlet temperature sensors. The amount of energy heated by 15 (heating coil) in 16 (hot water boiler) is

1)} (kcal / h). The same applies to the heating circuit.
The heat exchange efficiency at this time is represented by E = Qb ÷ Qa and is expressed as a percentage. It is assumed that the energy exchange efficiency monitor of 6 is always displayed in real time, and the integrated value per hour, per day, per month, and year can be calculated.

  For example, even if there are multiple boilers with three circuits, the exchange heat quantity of each system is measured in the same way, and the total is the total exchange heat quantity on the secondary side, and the calorific value per unit is added to the fuel consumption on the primary side. When divided by the product, the heat exchange efficiency of the entire system is determined. No matter how complicated the system is, it can always be displayed in real time as “%” on the 6 energy exchange efficiency monitors. It is possible to constantly display and record efficiency fluctuations that have never been possible before. In addition, it is possible to immediately understand the cause of the efficiency reduction by making it possible to analyze each system.

In FIG. 2 of the steam supply system, the amount of steam used per hour actually used can be managed by always displaying the evaporation factor shown in Table 2 at all times. The actual evaporation amount may be a value obtained by subtracting the measurement value of 17 blow water flow meters from the measurement value of 8 boiler feed water meters. When measuring the specific enthalpy as the amount of energy exchange accurately, the actual evaporation is obtained by subtracting the temperature of the 7 boiler feed water thermometer supplied from the return water tank to the boiler from the specific enthalpy of steam indicated by temperature and pressure. The amount of energy exchange on the secondary side multiplied by the amount is calculated, and the heat exchange efficiency can be obtained by dividing by the amount of energy multiplied by the amount of heat generated on the primary side heavy oil and the amount used.
If there is a steam flow meter 6 or a heating system, it can be managed by the exchange energy amount ratio as in the case of the hot water boiler. Both are always displayed in real time on the 6 energy exchange efficiency monitors, and the integrated value per hour, per day, per month and year can be calculated.

（ｋｃａｌ／ｈ）、又は２次側の｛余熱原水流量計１６の１時間当たりの流量測定値（Ｌ／ｈ）｝×｛（９

（ｋｃａｌ／ｈ）で示される。この排湯熱回収割合をモニターすることで、エネルギー回収効率を測定するほか、排熱交換器の清掃時期などを知る重要な警報を出力することができる。FIG. 3 shows the case where the heat from the bathroom washroom drainage is recovered. The hot water supplied by the same hot water supply equipment as in FIG. 1 is supplied together with water to the shower and washroom curan 8 installed in the bathroom washroom hot water supply equipment 7, but the temperature of this washroom drainage is approximately 35 to 36 ° C. Thus, a certain amount of waste water heat can be reused by the waste heat recovery zone 15 shown in FIG. In this system, a portion of the waste water heat can be reused by passing water supplied to the hot water supply through the waste water heat exchanger 21. The amount Qc of the recovered heat energy is the primary {flow rate measurement value per hour (L / h) of the wash water drainage flow meter 18} ×

(Kcal / h), or {secondary heat raw water flow meter 16 measured flow rate per hour (L / h)} × {(9

(Kcal / h). By monitoring the waste heat recovery rate, the energy recovery efficiency can be measured and an important alarm can be output to know when the exhaust heat exchanger is cleaned.

The recovery efficiency of the waste water heat energy can be obtained by the following calculation.
The amount of energy Qb (per hour) obtained on the secondary side of the boiler for hot water supply is, as shown in the description of FIG. 1, the circulation flow rate (L / h) of the boiler secondary side × temperature difference (after overheating) Temperature T2—temperature before heating T1), but the ratio of Qc (waste water recovered heat amount) that recovered a part of the heat supplied to the hot water supply in the wash area divided by Qb can be recovered Efficiency: Ec is calculated by the calculation formula of Table 4.

  The energy exchange efficiency monitor 4 in FIG. 3 constantly displays and records the use status of the heat source, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat source machine, the temperature of the waste water heat and the heat exchange efficiency of the waste water heat. It is possible to grasp and analyze. In addition, by determining the alarm value as described above, it becomes possible to know in real time the timing of cleaning and maintenance, or the malfunction of the system.

  In embodiment of this invention, it is a standard system flow of the hot water supply system in a hot water boiler.

1. 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Hot water supply port 3. Instantaneous and integrated flow meter 4. Inlet temperature sensor Can water supply port 6. 6. Energy exchange efficiency monitor Chimney 8 Combustion burner9. Heavy oil flow meter10. 10. Oil (heavy oil) tank Water inlet 12. Circulation pump for temperature increase 13. Secondary energy use zone 14. Outlet temperature sensor 15. Heating coil 16. Hot water boiler 17. Combustion air intake 18. Strainer 19. Primary side fuel supply zone 20. Heavy oil storage tank 21. Oil gear pump for heavy oil supply

FIG.

  In embodiment of this invention, it is a standard system flow of the heat-source utilization system in a steam boiler.

1. Live steam using system such as sauna 2. 2. Automatic temperature control valve Condensate return pipe 4. 4. Steam header 5. Energy exchange efficiency display monitor 6. Steam flow meter Boiler feed water temperature sensor8. Boiler feed water flow meter9. Flue 10. Heavy oil flow meter 11. Oil (heavy oil) tank 12. Circulation temperature raising system system 13. Heat exchanger 14. Steam trap 15. Return tank supply water meter16. Return water tank 17. Blow water meter 18. Blow automatic valve 19. Steam boiler 20. Strainer 21.1 Primary fuel supply zone 22. Heavy oil storage tank 23. Oil gear pump for heavy oil supply

FIG.

  In the embodiment of the present invention, it is a heat source utilization system of a warm bath facility in a warm water boiler, which is a standard system flow utilizing waste heat from a bathroom washing place.

1. 1. Hot water storage tank 2. Hot water flow meter 3. Feed water flow meter 4. Energy exchange efficiency display monitor 5. Water supply line 6. Hot water supply line 7. Bathroom hot water supply facilities 8. Karan for hot water supply Residual hot water temperature sensor 10. Hot water supply facility secondary side energy use zone 11. Hot water boiler 12. Heavy oil flow meter 13. Primary side fuel supply zone 14. Residual heat source water temperature sensor 15. Waste heat recovery zone 16. Residual raw water flow meter 17. 18. Waste water temperature sensor 18. Washroom drainage flow meter Waste water temperature sensor 20. Hot water bath 21. Waste heat exchanger

Claims (8)

  Compared the amount of energy used on the secondary side of heat source equipment (boilers, heat pumps, heat exchangers, etc.) and the amount of heat generated by energy sources such as fuel on the primary side in commercial facilities such as warm bath facilities By calculating, it is possible to measure and display the efficiency (%) of the system in real time and the fuel consumption (kcal / L or MJ / L) of the heat source unit on a personal computer or digital recorder. Management system   Among the above heat source unit efficiency measurement display system, in order to easily measure the system efficiency of the hot water boiler, the ultrasonic flow meter (or electromagnetic flow meter) that measures the amount of heat used on the secondary side and the obtained temperature difference To measure, calorie measurement means calculated by a pair of temperature sensors provided at the entrance and exit, and the unitary heat energy into the flow rate measured by the ultrasonic flow meter (or electromagnetic flow meter) at the same time the primary fuel flow rate Energy exchange efficiency management system that measures and displays the instantaneous efficiency and integrated value of the entire heating / cooling system with the calorific value measurement means obtained by multiplying the quantity   Among the above heat source unit efficiency measurement display systems, in order to easily measure the system efficiency of the steam boiler, means for measuring the amount of makeup water and temperature including condensate to be reused, and the amount of blow and temperature are measured. Measure the actual evaporation value obtained by the ultrasonic flow meter (or electromagnetic flow meter) and temperature sensor measurement means, and simultaneously measure the primary fuel flow rate with the ultrasonic flow meter (or electromagnetic flow meter). Energy exchange efficiency management system that measures and displays the instantaneous evaporation factor and fuel consumption   In the heat source unit efficiency measurement display system according to claim 2 and claim 3, by measuring the exhaust gas temperature, the temperature of the intake air and the air ratio at the same time and reflecting them in the efficiency, the actual efficiency and evaporation in a more accurate moment Energy exchange efficiency management system that measures and displays multiples and fuel consumption   Exchange efficiency management system that notifies the boiler efficiency abnormality and maintenance time as an alarm when the value obtained by the above boiler efficiency measurement system falls below the normal value   Exchange between the primary heat source side and the secondary side reused when using a heat exchanger as a heat source in the case of district heating and cooling, and for the purpose of using waste heat from hot springs, hot water drainage, washing ground drainage, etc. An ultrasonic flow meter (or electromagnetic flow meter) that measures the amount of heat and a flow rate obtained from a pair of temperature sensor measurement values and a measurement value obtained by multiplying the temperature difference are compared to calculate the instantaneous exchange heat amount and integration. Energy exchange efficiency management system that measures and displays values and heat exchange efficiency   In the above waste heat recycling system, when the heat exchange efficiency drops due to scale or dirt, the replacement efficiency management system notifies the cleaning and maintenance time as an alarm.   The above heat source efficiency measurement display system and waste water heat reuse system, and reuse energy measurement means and heat utilization efficiency display means for verifying whether preheated water obtained by waste water heat exchange is effectively reused An energy exchange efficiency management system that can display the entire energy usage flow, and manage the energy usage and reuse status of the entire facility in real time using a network or a PC.

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