FR2679552A1 - Fertilizer in the form of a suspension forming a mother solution, to be diluted by the user - Google Patents

Abstract

Fertilizer in the form of a suspension forming a mother solution, to be diluted by the user. Fertilizer, characterised in that it consists of a suspension of fertilizer powders in water by mixing, grinding, dispersing and adding crystalline growth-inhibiting agents and suspending agents, containing, as major elements, nitrogen in the nitric and/or ammonia form, phosphorus and potassium, as minor elements, magnesium and sulphur, and as trace elements, copper, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc, with fertilising element contents, by weight, in the following ranges: Nitrogen (N) from 5% to 30% Phosphorus (P2O5) from 5% to 40% Potassium (K2O) from 5% to 40% Magnesium (MgO) from 0% to 10% Sulphur (SO3) from 0% to 30%. is

Description

"Fertilizers in the state of suspension forming a mother solution, to be diluted by the user".

 The present invention relates to a fertilizer in the state of suspension forming a mother solution to be diluted by the user, this fertilizer being intended for horticulture, market gardening, viticulture and arboriculture.

 In the field of agriculture, the natural properties of the land are improved by adding fertilizing elements or fertilizers, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium (NPK fertilizer); these fertilizers, directly spread on the soil by means of spreaders, are generally in liquid or solid form (powder or granules).

Liquid fertilizers have the advantage of being particularly simple to use, but they have only a relatively low content of active elements, which results in problems of storage and cost price.
The use of solid fertilizers solves these problems; but such fertilizers have the disadvantage of having to be dissolved in water before their use, which is not always very convenient and can lead to problems, consecutive in particular to risks of solidification of the powder or aggregates , when the atmosphere is humid.

 To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed, alongside liquid or pulverulent fertilizers, fertilizer suspensions in which the active elements are in the form of crystals suspended in a liquid of sufficient viscosity to avoid the risks of sedimentation of liquids used in such fertilizers, which contain only the elements necessary for plants (NPK) must have a gelling agent consisting of an insoluble clay compound.

 These fertilizers in the form of suspens ion have the advantage of being able to be directly spread on the ground without requiring prior dissolution; however, their use has remained very limited.

 As more and more, the plants are cultivated no longer in the field, but in pots, fertilizing the soil in the field of horticulture and market gardening, but with certain modifications, poses particular problems linked to drip irrigation systems with metering pumps, piping with capillary tubes and tanks for preparing the fertilizing solution which must be supplied to each plant base; this must correspond to the minimum amount of fertilizer, but exactly where the fertilizer is most effective since in pots the roots are always more restricted than in a field. In addition, the need, for economic reasons, to increase as much as possible the speed of development of the plants, obliges to supply them daily with a dose of fertilizer containing exclusively the necessary elements, to the exclusion of any element which can present a certain harmfulness. These necessary elements are not only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as in the field of agriculture, but also secondary elements such as magnesium or calcium, or even trace elements (iron, copper, manganese , zinc, boron, molybdenum ...) However, the nutritive solutions must not contain harmful elements such as chlorine, carbonates and bicarbonates, and as little as possible sulfur or sulphates which would risk, consequently an increase in the salinity of the potting soil causing the plant to stop growing after a burn on its roots.

 It should be noted that these problems are not found in the field of agriculture, given the fact that plants cultivated in fields can draw the necessary elements there: the need is limited to a supply of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium; moreover, taking into account the greater importance of the roots, there is no consequence as a result of possible burns of the roots by the contribution of harmful elements.

 To meet the above requirements, market gardeners, horticulturalists, arboriculturalists and winegrowers have used almost exclusively, until recent years, liquid fertilizers with the inherent problems of storage.

 For about 3 or 4 years, there has been an increasing tendency to replace soluble, powdery fertilizers to be dissolved in water with liquid fertilizers. These fertilizers have the advantage of being more concentrated, therefore less bulky than liquids, however, their drawback is that they only go back into solution relatively slowly (this operation requires approximately 1 to 2 hours) and require stirring to dissolve the large blocks possible.

For the use of these pulverulent fertilizers, a concentrated stock solution is first formed containing approximately 200 g of powder per liter of water, then this stock solution is diluted approximately 200 times using a metering pump.

 To remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, we could offer market gardeners, horticulturalists, arboriculturalists and winegrowers, or even amateur gardeners, a fertilizer in dispersed form.

 However, taking into account the problems described above, specific to the field of market gardening and horticulture, and the need for such a fertilizer to be able to be used in modern irrigation systems provided with metering pumps, pipes and capillary tubes with which greenhouses are provided, for example, the fertilizer suspensions used by farmers cannot be transposed to this area: known products consist of crystals of 200 to 250 microns suspended in water and containing as as a gelling additive, an insoluble clay compound to allow the particles to remain in suspension; these products are not completely soluble and therefore cannot meet the above requirements.

 The present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of known means and proposes to create a fertilizer suspension, intended for horticultural crops, market gardening, viticultural or arboreal, fertilizer in a dispersed form, remaining in this state , in a stable manner, without the risk of agglutinating, of forming crystals of large dimensions, and this whatever the temperature variations to which such products can be exposed usually, this fertilizer must also have a high NPK content, equivalent to that of pulverulent fertilizers, to form a mother solution intended to be diluted by the user.

To this end, the invention relates to a dispersed fertilizer intended to be diluted by the user, this fertilizer being characterized in that it consists of a suspension of fertilizer powders in water by mixing, grinding, dispersing and addition of suspending agents and crystal growth inhibiting agents, containing as major elements nitrogen in nitric and / or ammoniacal form, phosphorus, potassium as secondary elements of magnesium, sulfur, as oligo- elements of copper, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, with mass contents of fertilizing element included in the following ranges
Nitrogen (N) from 5% to 30%
Phosphorus (P205) from 5% to 40%
Potassium (K2O) from 5% to 40%
Magnesium (MgO) from O% to 10%
Sulfur (S03) from 0% to 30%, the trace element contents being low and less than 1% for each element, the maximum content of suspended solids being 80% and the maximum content of dissolved materials, 45%
According to another characteristic, the constituent raw materials are chosen from the group formed by
Potassium nitrate
Ammonium phosphate
Potassium phosphate
Magnesium sulfate
Magnesium nitrate
Ammonia nitrate
According to another characteristic, the trace elements are in chelated form or in the form of sulfates, except boron and molybdenum which are in the form of boric acid and ammonium molybdate.

 According to another characteristic, the additives are suspending agents (xanthan gum and the like) and crystal growth inhibiting agents (ethoxylated phenol and the like) compatible with agrochemical activities.

 The present invention will be described below with the aid of some exemplary embodiments of fertilizers.

EXAMPLE 1
Composition expressed in percentage by mass
Suspended fertilizer 12.5-5-12.5 12.5% water-soluble nitrogen (N) including 7.5% nitric nitrogen (N) 5% ammonia nitrogen (N) 5% phosphoric anhydride (P205) soluble in
the water.

12.5% potassium oxide (K2O) soluble in water.

3.3% magnesium oxide (MgO) soluble in
the water.

6.9% sulfuric anhydride (S03) soluble in water.

0.020% boron (B) 0.006% copper (Cu) 0.048% iron (Fe) 0.060% manganese (Mn) 0.006% molybdenum (Mo) 0.016% zinc (Zn)
Granulometry of powders before suspension 100 pm to 2 mm
Used materials
Potassium nitrate
Ammonia nitrate
Ammonium phosphate
Magnesia sulfate
Xanthan Gum Suspending Agent
Ethoxylated phenol crystal growth inhibitor agent
Time required for suspension 30 minutes
EXAMPLE 2
Composition expressed in percentage by mass
Suspended fertilizer 8.5-8.5-16.9 8.5% water-soluble nitrogen (N) of which 5.8% nitric nitrogen (N) 2.7% nitrogen (N ) ammoniacal 8.5% phosphoric anhydride (P205) soluble in water.

16.9% potassium oxide (K2O) soluble in water.

3.8% water-soluble magnesium oxide (MgO).

7.8% sulfuric anhydride (S03) soluble in water.

0.020% boron (B) 0.006% copper (Cu) 0.048% iron (Fe) 0.060% manganese (Mn) 0.006% molybdenum (Mo) 0.016% zinc (Zn)
Granulometry of powders before suspension 100 pm to 2 mm
Used materials
Potassium nitrate
Ammonia nitrate
Ammonium phosphate
Magnesia sulfate
Xanthan Gum Suspending Agent
Ethoxylated phenol crystal growth inhibitor agent
Time required for suspension: 30 minutes
EXAMPLE 3
Composition expressed in percentage by mass
Suspended fertilizer 4.7-9.4-22.8 4.7% water-soluble nitrogen (N) including 4.7% nitric nitrogen (N) 9.4% phosphoric anhydride ( P205) soluble in water.

22.8% potassium oxide (K20) soluble in water.

4% magnesium oxide (MgO) soluble in water.

8.3% sulfuric anhydride (se) soluble in water.

0.020% boron (B) 0.006% copper (Cu) 0.048% iron (Fe) 0.060% manganese (Mn) 0.006% molybdenum (Mo) 0.016% zinc (Zn)
Granulometry of powders before suspension 100 pm to 2 mm
Used materials
Potassium nitrate
Potassium phosphate
Magnesia sulfate
Xanthan Gum Suspending Agent
Ethoxylated phenol crystal growth inhibitor agent
Time required for suspension 30 minutes

Claims (1)

3 ") Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the trace elements are in chelated form or in the form of sulfates, except boron and molybdenum which are in the form of boric acid and ammonium molybdate. ammonia Magnesium nitrate Magnesium sulfate Potassium phosphate Ammonium phosphate Potassium nitrate 2 ") Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the constituent raw materials are chosen from the group formed by Sulfur (S03) from 0% to 30 % the trace element contents being low and less than 1% for each element, the maximum content of suspended solids being 80% and the maximum content of dissolved matter, 45% Magnesium (MgO) from 0% to 10% Potassium (K20) from 5% to 40% Phosphorus (P205) from 5% to 40% Nitrogen (N) from 5% to 30%  1 ") Fertilizers in the form of a suspension forming a mother solution to be diluted by the user, a fertilizer characterized in that it consists of a suspension of fertilizer powders in water by mixing, grinding, dispersing and adding suspending agents and agents inhibiting crystal growth, containing as major elements nitrogen in nitric and / or ammoniacal form, phosphorus, potassium as secondary elements of magnesium, sulfur, as trace elements copper, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, with mass contents of fertilizing element included in the following ranges  4 ") Fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the additives are suspending agents (xanthan gum and equivalents) and agents inhibiting crystal growth (Ethoxylated Phenol and equivalents) compatible with agrochemical activities.