FR2661622A1 - METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE SORTING AND SELECTION OF URBAN WASTE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to sorting and selecting various objects in bulk. The installation includes: - a movable bottom pit (1) suitable for receiving bulk solids based on paper, glass, metal and plastic, - an elevator conveyor (3) which receives the solids from the movable bottom of the pit, - a mobile sorting table (4) receiving at one end the materials discharged by the elevator conveyor and bringing them successively to a manual sorting station (5), a device for sorting metallic materials (6), a pneumatic sorting apparatus (8) for light materials and a conveyor (10) for removing the glass. Application to the sorting and selection of urban and industrial waste.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and an installation

  for the sorting and selection of miscellaneous bulk goods, including urban and industrial waste

  banals in order to facilitate their recovery.

  The collection and disposal of waste and household waste poses economic, environmental and regulatory problems, the solutions of which are today often expensive and difficult to manage.

  appropriate site has long been the most general solution

  used, but sites are becoming scarce, those

  are quickly saturated, and the need to preserve

  their environment significantly increases their operating costs. Various alternative techniques have been proposed, and sometimes allow some recovery of recovered waste, particularly in the form of energy production. The technique of incineration has been developed in various ways.

  variants but raises difficulties of reduction or

  Fumes or various fumes of chlorine, carbon oxides or sulfur have also been proposed. Methanization processes for waste have also been proposed, thus providing some form of recovery by methane production.

  but these processes are generally of low profitability.

  One solution envisaged in various techniques is to perform a more or less selective sorting of the waste at different stages, that is to say during the collection or in

  treatment course Recycling, recovery or use

  The sorting of waste thus sorted makes it easier to obtain various products such as composts, recycled paper or plastics, substitute fuels, etc. One of the main difficulties encountered in these techniques is to sort and select certain products in a mixture of various products in bulk, depending on their shape, their nature, their weight, etc. Various methods of sorting or preparing household waste have been proposed, in particular by means of grids or

  lattice, by gas flow, by mechanical or pneumatic sorting

  etc., for example, patent FR 2 483 389 discloses a

  separation process combining several techniques,

  so much to grind the garbage, to separate them by two

  successive screens, and then perform a pneumatic sorting.

  This process is however unprofitable and can not be used industrially. Patent FR 2 599 279 describes a process suitable for the separation of plastics contained in household waste, essentially by flotation. gravimetric combined with centrifugation This technique is only suitable for waste containing a large proportion of plastics and requires working in a liquid medium,

  which then involves drying facilities.

  The present invention relates to a method of sorting and

  selection of urban waste and industrial waste

  more generally to bulk miscellaneous products, with a view to

  recovery, recycling or retirement-

  is lying. The invention also relates to an installation for the

implementation of such a method.

  The process for sorting and selecting various bulk products, in particular urban waste and ordinary industrial waste, consists in first sorting, by known means, solid materials, based on paper, glass, metal, plastic, etc. then pouring the resulting mixture into a pit with a moving bottom where the materials are extracted to a lift conveyor to be brought on a mobile sorting table on which is successively carried out a sorting of

  paper, cardboard and plastics, by means of

  known in itself, then a magnetic sorting of metallic materials, a pneumatic sorting to remove the materials

  the lighter ones and finally a selection of impurities

dual and glass objects.

  The installation according to the present invention comprises a pit with a moving bottom adapted to receive bulk solids based on paper, glass, metal and plastic, a lift conveyor which receives solids from the moving bottom of the pit, a mobile sorting table receiving at one end the material discharged by the elevator conveyor and bringing them successively to a manual sorting station, a metal material sorting apparatus, a pneumatic sorting apparatus,

  light materials and a glass evacuation conveyor.

  According to an additional characteristic of the

  According to the invention, the glass evacuation conveyor at the end of the sorting table is partly slid below the plane of the table, into the suction hood of the appliance.

pneumatic sorting.

  The features and advantages of the invention

  will be described in more detail in the description below,

  to a preferred form of implementation, with reference to

  reference to the attached drawings, which represent a schematic

  a waste sorting and sorting plant (fig 1), and a detail of preferential

realization (fig 2).

  The installation shown schematically in Figure 1 attached comprises a pit with a movable bottom (1) in which are discharged waste obtained by a selective collection

  to sort, at least summarily, and to separate

  materials made from paper or cardboard, glass, metal and plastic

  The pit must be watertight and of a size adapted to the volume of the waste to be treated. For example, its depth may be between 2 and 3 m, its length between 10 and m and its width between 2 and 5 m, these measurements being of course not limiting It can be carried out in any

  suitable material such as metal or concrete.

  The movable bottom of the pit (1) preferably comprises a horizontal portion (2 a) extended by an inclined portion (2b) to about 30 exiting through an opening in the front wall of the pit and constitutes an extractor conveyor (2 ) This conveyor (2) may comprise a reinforced rubber mat, and a suitable device is provided

  to ensure watertightness between the carpet and the vertical

  pit shims in order to reduce as much as possible the number of interventions necessary for the cleaning of the bottom of the pit (1) A horizontal cylinder (not shown) makes it possible to limit the height above the conveyor at the exit of the bottom of the pit to eliminate the excesses of

  materials that could be trained.

  The conveyor (2) cooperates with an elevator conveyor (3), inclined at an angle of preferably between 25 and, which conveys on the sorting table (4) the materials extracted from the pit (1). The elevator conveyor (3) ) preferably comprises a partially horizontal lower part onto which the materials extracted by the conveyor (2) flow. It consists of a device

  usual monoblock type reinforced belt driven by chains.

  The sorting table (4) is divided into several successive positions for manual sorting (5) of cardboard, paper and plastic materials, sorting of metallic materials (6), pneumatic sorting (8) of materials the slightest remaining at this stage of treatment and finally the

  selection of glass materials (10).

  the table (4) is located on a metal platform 20 to 30 m long and 3 to 5 m wide, located 3 to

  4 m above the upper level of the receiving pit (1)

  waste disposal, which includes two circulation floors on either side of the sorting table, which carries a horizontal conveyor with smooth strips and supports, with drums and lower rollers, whose speed of scrolling can be between 3 and about 20 m / min and extends over most of the length of the platform; the useful width of the carpet is advantageously between 1 m

and about 1.5 m.

  The belt of the horizontal conveyor, driven by the belt

  endlessly slips in front of the successive posts indicated below.

  above At the level of the station (5) for manual sorting, the sorting table (4) comprises cut-outs for the introduction of discharge troughs of paper, cardboard and plastic material sorted and selected in the usual manner. chutes are simply nested in the cutouts of the table, and can be easily dismantled or contain

  equipment for transport packaging or prepa-

  subsequent recovery (for example a

  Seeker). After this first sorting, the remaining materials, driven by the belt of the horizontal conveyor, pass in front of the sorting zone (6) of metallic materials, preferably comprising a magnetic sorting apparatus (7), for example a suspended apparatus of the type Permanent magnet overband for sorting and selecting metal objects, essentially made from cans This device

  can be combined with a chipper or grinder.

  The remaining materials entrained by the carpet are

  then brought in front of the pneumatic sorting station (8)

  a vacuum cleaner (9) essentially comprising a fume hood, a collector, a fan-shredder and

  a separator-deflector equipped with a rotating evacuation lock

  The suction socket is placed at approx.

  30 cm from the plane of the moving carpet This device allows the elimination of the lightest

  paper, cardboard, plastics, and glass fines).

  Finally, the remaining materials, mainly comprising unsorted glasses, are fed to the station (10) constituted by a steerable conveyor for evacuation of the recyclable glass in a removable body (not shown). This conveyor (10) is for example of the type smooth and

  drum, driven by a gear motor with adjustable speed.

  According to a preferred embodiment, the conveyor (10) is combined with the pneumatic sorting station, as

shown in Figure 2.

  As shown in Figure 2, the conveyor (10) is partially slid under the end of the sorting table (4), the distance separating the planes of the two moving belts of the table (4) on the one hand and the conveyor (10) on the other hand can be about 40 to 60 cm, the connection between the two mats being insulated by a lateral hopper integral with the table of

  sorting (4) In this way, the conveyor (10) is partially

  placed in the intake air flow produced by the

suction line (9).

  Glass, essentially made up of bottles and

  various bottles more or less broken, is evacuated by the trans-

  carrier (10) to a removable storage container The various impurities (bricks, porcelains) are sorted and discharged through the chute (11) and then join the evacuation of light matter removed by the suction device (9), the fan -déciqueteur (12), the lock

(13) and a hopper (14).

Claims (4)

  1 Process for sorting and selecting various bulk products, in particular urban waste and ordinary industrial waste, consisting in performing a first sorting, by known means, of solid materials, based on paper, glass, metal, plastic, etc. then pouring the resulting mixture into a pit with a moving bottom where the materials are extracted to a lift conveyor to be brought on a mobile sorting table on which is successively carried out a sorting of   paper, cardboard and plastics, by means of   known in itself, then a magnetic sorting of metallic materials, a pneumatic sorting to remove the materials   the lighter ones, and finally a selection of impurities dual and glass objects.   2 Sorting and sorting plant for various bulk goods, in particular domestic refuse, characterized in that it comprises: a pit with a moving bottom (1) adapted to receive bulk solids based on paper, glass, metal and plastic, a lift conveyor (3) which receives solids from the mobile bottom of the pit, a movable sorting table (4) receiving at one end the material discharged by the elevator conveyor and the   successively to a manual sorting station (5), a   metal sorting machine (6), pneumatic sorting machine (8) of light materials and conveyor (10) evacuation of the glass.   3 Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the conveyor (10) for evacuation of the glass at the end of the sorting table is partially slid below the plane of the table (4), into the suction hood ( 9) of the apparatus of pneumatic sorting.   4 Installation according to claim 2, characterized   in that the movable bottom of the pit (1) comprises an extrac-   carrier (2) having a horizontal portion (2a) extended by an inclined portion (2b) exiting through an opening made in the front wall of the pit. the