FR2648371A1 - Method and apparatus for treatment of waste for obtaining shaped self-supporting products - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treatment of waste for obtaining shaped self-supporting products Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2648371A1
FR2648371A1 FR8908006A FR8908006A FR2648371A1 FR 2648371 A1 FR2648371 A1 FR 2648371A1 FR 8908006 A FR8908006 A FR 8908006A FR 8908006 A FR8908006 A FR 8908006A FR 2648371 A1 FR2648371 A1 FR 2648371A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
waste
ejection
pressing operation
speeds
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8908006A
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French (fr)
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FR2648371B1 (en
Inventor
Serge Lambert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SECOMI SARL
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SECOMI SARL
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SECOMI SARL filed Critical SECOMI SARL
Priority to FR8908006A priority Critical patent/FR2648371B1/en
Publication of FR2648371A1 publication Critical patent/FR2648371A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2648371B1 publication Critical patent/FR2648371B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/301—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3089—Extrusion presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/0026—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting
    • B29B2017/0031—Melting the outer surface of compressed waste, e.g. for forming briquets by expelling the compressed waste material through a heated tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Abstract

According to the invention, the waste - in particular domestic waste - which has previously had metal elements, glass and fermentable products removed from it, is subjected, before a compression operation in a hydraulic press 5 equipped with a heating block 8 at the outlet, to centrifugal forces in a feed device 2 of the Archimedes screw type to cause the enrichment in the surface of the plastic materials contained in the waste. The products obtained are in the form of self-supporting sausages which are easy to store and transport for their further use as a combustible material.

Description

La présente invention a trait au domaine du traitement et de la récupération de dechets de type ordures ménagères ou municipales. Elle concerne plus spécialement un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'obtenir, après un tri préalable des déchets, un matériau conformé qui ne délite pas et non autocombustible. The present invention relates to the field of treatment and recovery of household or municipal waste type waste. It more particularly relates to a method and a device making it possible to obtain, after a preliminary sorting of the waste, a shaped material which does not disintegrate and is not self-combustible.

On sait que les déchets ménagers, qui renferment des éléments et résidus de diverses natures, sont soumis à des séries de traitements avant de pouvoir etre utilisés, pour une partie au moins, à diverses fins comme par exemple la fabrication de -composts et amendements, la confection de produits moulés ou extrudés après addition de liants à des résidus riches en matiere plastique, la réalisation d'agglomérés, substituts du bois, à partir des fractions fibreuses de déchets...etc.. It is known that household waste, which contains elements and residues of various natures, are subjected to series of treatments before they can be used, for at least part, for various purposes such as for example the manufacture of -compounds and amendments, the manufacture of molded or extruded products after addition of binders to plastic-rich residues, the production of agglomerates, wood substitutes, from fibrous fractions of waste ... etc.

Parmi ce traitements, maintenant classiques, on peut citer notamment les opérations de : tri sélectif en vue de separer les verres et matières vitrifiées ainsi que les éléments métalliques et les résidus en matière plastique tels que films, emballages et autres ; le prébroyage et le broyage dans le but d'obtenir des masses de granulométries déterminées ; puis la sélection vers d'autres voies de traitements selon les usages visés pour certaines fractions de résidus,. Among these treatments, now conventional, there may be mentioned in particular the operations of: selective sorting with a view to separating the glasses and vitrified materials as well as the metallic elements and the plastic residues such as films, packaging and others; pre-grinding and grinding in order to obtain masses of determined particle sizes; then selection towards other treatment routes according to the intended uses for certain residue fractions.

comme rappelés précédemment
L'invention se situe au stade des déchets bruts qui ont été déversés et déferraillés puis broyés grossièrement pour obtenir des particules de résidus dont le diamètre moyen se situe environ entre 30 et 120 mm environ et qui sont pratiquement exemptes de produits fermentescibles tels que déchets de végétaux, fruits, légumes et analogues.as previously mentioned
The invention is situated at the stage of the raw waste which has been dumped and defrapped and then coarsely crushed to obtain particles of residues whose average diameter is approximately between 30 and 120 mm approximately and which are practically free of fermentable products such as waste plants, fruits, vegetables and the like.

Le but visé par la demanderesse consistait en la mise au point d'un procédé et d'un appareillage adapté permettant, à partir des déchets broyés tels que définis ci-dessus et contenant encore des résidus de matières plastiques, d'obtenir des masses conformées faciles à manipuler et à stocker en vue de divers usages ultérieurs. The aim sought by the plaintiff consisted in the development of a suitable process and apparatus making it possible, from ground waste as defined above and still containing plastic residues, to obtain shaped masses easy to handle and store for various subsequent uses.

Un autre objet plus particulier était l'obtention de structures longiformes ayant l'allure de boudins non autocombustibles et se supportant d'eux-memes, dont la surface était enrichie en matière plastique de façon à constituer une véritable enveloppe pour les déchets. Another more particular object was the obtaining of elongated structures having the appearance of non-self-combustible and self-supporting tubes, the surface of which was enriched with plastic material so as to constitute a real envelope for waste.

Ces buts ont pu étre atteints grâce au procédé de l'invention selon lequel les déchets broyés susvisés sont soumis, avant une opé ration de pressage et mise en forme de boudins autoporteurs, à des moyens provoquant l'enrichissement de la surface extérieure en matériaux plastiques. These aims have been achieved thanks to the process of the invention according to which the abovementioned ground waste is subjected, before a pressing operation and the shaping of self-supporting tubes, to means causing the enrichment of the external surface with plastic materials. .

Parmi les moyens aptes à être utilisés, il a été trouvé tout particulièrement avantageux d'agiter ces déchets broyés, en enceinte close, à des vitesses de rotation différentes et étagées. En partie lier, au cours de la phase d'alimentation pour le pressage (ou compression), on adopte au départ une vitesse relativement élevée par exemple de l'ordre de 200 à 300 tours/minute puis on abaisse notablement cette vitesse, en fin de cycle, à environ 80 à 120 tours/minute. Among the means capable of being used, it has been found very particularly advantageous to agitate this ground waste, in an enclosed enclosure, at different and stepped speeds of rotation. Partly link, during the feeding phase for pressing (or compression), a relatively high speed is adopted at the start, for example of the order of 200 to 300 revolutions / minute, then this speed is significantly lowered, at the end cycle, at about 80 to 120 revolutions / minute.

Une telle façon d'opérer permet, dans l'enceinte par exemple circulaire, de projeter les matériaux plastiques les plus légers vers l'extérieur de ce qui constituera ultérieurement le boudin alors que les constituants plastiques les plus denses restent en majeure partie à l'intérieur et servent de liant pour les amalgames de déchets broyés. Such a way of operating makes it possible, in the circular enclosure for example, to project the lightest plastic materials towards the outside of what will later constitute the tube while the densest plastic components remain for the most part inside and serve as a binder for amalgam of crushed waste.

Conformément à une variante intéressante, permettant d'obtenir des résultats sensiblement équivalents il est possible de mettre en oeuvre, dans ladite enceinte, des jets de fluide pressurisé trars- versalement à l'axe de cheminement des déchets, juste avant l'opération de pressage proprement dit. In accordance with an advantageous variant, making it possible to obtain substantially equivalent results, it is possible to use, in said enclosure, jets of pressurized fluid transversely to the axis of routing of the waste, just before the pressing operation. well said.

L'invention a également pour objet un appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé susvisé et dans lequel on combine une presse à piston et un dispositif d'alimentation, par exemple du type vis d'archimède, qui sont spécialement conçus et adaptés pour obtenir les effets recherchés de réalisation d'enveloppe externe plastique pour les déchets et d'obtention de boudins autoporteurs faciles à stocker et à utiliser ultérieurement, notamment comme matériau combustible. The subject of the invention is also an apparatus for implementing the abovementioned method and in which a piston press and a feed device, for example of the archimedean screw type, are combined which are specially designed and adapted to obtain the desired effects of producing a plastic outer envelope for the waste and obtaining self-supporting tubes which are easy to store and to use later, in particular as combustible material.

Un exemple illustratif et non limitatif d'une telle installation de production en continu de boudins autoporteurs.sera maintenant decrit plus en détail par référence aux dessins schématiques de la planche annexée qui représentent, de façon volontairement simplifiée. An illustrative and nonlimiting example of such a continuous production installation of self-supporting tubes. Will now be described in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings of the appended plate which represent, in a deliberately simplified manner.

Figure 1 : un type d'appareillage pour la mise en oeuvre du
procédé de l'invention ;
Figure 2 : une vue partielle d'un sous-élément de l'apparelllage,
illustrant une variante de réalisation ;
Fiure 3 : une représentation du boudin conforme des déchets!
obtenu à la sortie de l'appareillage de l'invention. Figure 1: a type of apparatus for implementing the
method of the invention;
Figure 2: a partial view of a sub-element of the equipment,
illustrating an alternative embodiment;
Fiure 3: a consistent representation of the waste!
obtained at the outlet of the apparatus of the invention.

Comme cela a déjà été signalé ci-dessus, l'opération et l'appareillage visés par l'invention se situent dans un ensemble ou processus général de traitement de déchets, par exemple ménagers, où ces derniers ont déjà été soumis à des tris sélectif, broyage, déferraillages et séparation.de produits fermentescibles. Les résidus traités selon l'invention sont à un stade où ils ont subi un broyage grossier où les résidus ont des diamètres moyens de 50 à 100 mm environ et une teneur non négligeable en produits issus de matériaux plastiques. As already mentioned above, the operation and the apparatus covered by the invention are situated in a general assembly or process for treating waste, for example household waste, where the latter has already been subjected to selective sorting. , grinding, de-ironing and separation of fermentable products. The residues treated according to the invention are at a stage where they have undergone a coarse grinding where the residues have average diameters of 50 to 100 mm approximately and a non-negligible content of products derived from plastic materials.

Conformément à l'invention, les déchets sont introduits par la trémie 1 dans un dispositif d'alimentation 2 de type a vis d'Archimede 3 dont la sortie 4 débouche dans une presse 5 où le piston 6, commandé par un vérin hydraulique 7, comprime les déchets sous une pression généralement comprise entre 25 et 35 MégaPascal (MPa). Cette presse, a nez conique43, est munie a sa sortie d'un bloc de chauffe 8, ali menté par exemple par résistances éiectriques 9, de façon a obtenir une température de 100 à 1600C environ. In accordance with the invention, the waste is introduced via the hopper 1 into a feed device 2 of the Archimedean screw type 3, the outlet 4 of which opens into a press 5 where the piston 6, controlled by a hydraulic cylinder 7, compresses waste under a pressure generally between 25 and 35 MegaPascal (MPa). This press, with conical nose43, is provided at its outlet with a heating block 8, supplied for example by electrical resistances 9, so as to obtain a temperature of approximately 100 to 1600C.

Selon les caractéristiques de l'invention, le dispositif d'alimentation 2 est actionné à des vitesses de rotation différentes pendant le cycle opérationnel, par exemple a 250t/mn environ au départ, sur une durée de 3 à 6 secondes, puis à environ 100 t/mn pour la compression en fin de cycle. En outre, le piston 6 de la presse 5 est avantageusement actionné par -coups pendant la compression de façon à provoquer des ruptures sur le produit conformé obtenu à la sortie44du bloc de chauffage. Ce produit se présente sous la forme d'un boudin 10, illustré sur la figure 3, qui se supporte de lui-meme grâce à une sorte d'enveloppe formée sur la périphérie et constituée par la fraction lp- gère des déchets plastiques qui ont été éjectés vers l'extérieur lors de la phase initiale de rotation rapide du dispositif d'alimentation 2. According to the characteristics of the invention, the supply device 2 is actuated at different rotational speeds during the operational cycle, for example at approximately 250 rpm at the start, over a period of 3 to 6 seconds, then at approximately 100 rpm for compression at the end of the cycle. In addition, the piston 6 of the press 5 is advantageously actuated by -coupes during compression so as to cause ruptures on the shaped product obtained at the outlet44du heating block. This product is in the form of a rod 10, illustrated in FIG. 3, which supports itself by a kind of envelope formed on the periphery and constituted by the fraction lp- manages plastic waste which has been ejected outward during the initial phase of rapid rotation of the supply device 2.

Conformément à la variante illustrée sur la figure 2, le dispositif d'alimentation 2' peut être munie d'une série de canaux 11 débouchant sur la périphérie du cylindre rotatif et dans lesquels on injecte un fluide 12, par exemple de l'air pressurisé, qui remplit, de façon équivalente, la fonction précitée d'éjection vers l'extérieur d'une partie au moins des constituants plastiques dans les déchets à traiter.  In accordance with the variant illustrated in FIG. 2, the supply device 2 ′ may be provided with a series of channels 11 opening onto the periphery of the rotary cylinder and into which a fluid 12, for example pressurized air, is injected , which performs, in an equivalent manner, the aforementioned function of ejecting outwards at least part of the plastic constituents in the waste to be treated.

Les boudins autoporteurs selon l'invention qui sont utilisés ultérieurement comme matériaux combustibles, présentent l'avantage d'être faciles à stocker à sec et à transporter sans précautions particulières.  The self-supporting tubes according to the invention which are used subsequently as combustible materials, have the advantage of being easy to store dry and to transport without special precautions.

Claims (7)

-REVENDICikTIONS--REVENDICikTIONS- 1. Procédé de traitement de déchets ménagers qui ont été préalablement débarrassés, par tri- sélectif, des éléments métalliques, du verre et des produits fermentescibles mais contenant les autres constituants habituels dont les matieres plastiques, puis grossièrement bro yés, caractérisé en ce que les déchets sont soumis, avant une opération de pressage et mise sous forme de boudins se supportant d'eux-mêmes, à des moyens provoquant l'enrichissement de la surface extérieure en matériaux plastiques pour constituer une enveloppe d'enrobage. 1. Process for treating household waste which has been previously rid, by tri-selective, of metallic elements, glass and fermentable products but containing the other usual constituents including plastics, then coarsely ground, characterized in that the waste is subjected, before a pressing operation and put into the form of rods supporting themselves, to means causing the enrichment of the outer surface with plastic materials to form a coating envelope. 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens constituent en l'application de vitesses de rotation différentes et étagées des déchets broyés juste avant l'opération de pressage. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said means constitute in the application of different and staged speeds of rotation of the crushed waste just before the pressing operation. 3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens sont constitués par des jéts de fluide pressurisé transversaux à l'axe de cheminement des déchets juste avant l'opération de pressage. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the means consist of jets of pressurized fluid transverse to the axis of routing of the waste just before the pressing operation. 4. Appareillage pour l'obtention des boudins (10) à film plastique superficiel selon le procédé de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une presse (5) à pistons dont le nez de sortie (7) est muni d'un bloc de chauffage (8) et dont le dispositif d'alimentation (2), de type vis d'Archimède connu en soi, est conçu pour provoquer l'éjection des constituants plastiques sur la partie externe du mélange de déchets. 4. Apparatus for obtaining the strands (10) with surface plastic film according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a press (5) with pistons whose outlet nose (7) is provided with a heating block (8) and whose supply device (2), of the Archimedes screw type known per se, is designed to cause the ejection of the plastic constituents on the external part of the waste mixture. 5. Appareillage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite éjection est obtenue par variation des vitesses de rotation de la vis d'alimentation (3) entre une vitesse élevée au depart et une vitesse nettement plus faible pour la compression en fin de cycle. 5. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that said ejection is obtained by varying the speeds of rotation of the feed screw (3) between a high speed at the start and a significantly lower speed for compression at the end of the cycle . 6. Appareillage selon la revendication S, caractérisé en ce que les vitesses varient de 200 à 300 t/mn au départ et 80 à 120 t/mn en fin de cycle. 6. Apparatus according to claim S, characterized in that the speeds vary from 200 to 300 rpm at the start and 80 to 120 rpm at the end of the cycle. 7. Appareillage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite éjection est obtenue par envoi de fluide pressurise(12) dans des canaux (11) prévus au sein du dispositif d'alimentation et disposés transversalement au sens de cheminement des déchets dans le dispositif d'alimentation.  7. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that said ejection is obtained by sending pressurized fluid (12) in channels (11) provided within the supply device and arranged transversely to the direction of movement of the waste in the device power supply.
FR8908006A 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE FOR OBTAINING SELF-SUPPORTING CONFORMED PRODUCTS Expired - Fee Related FR2648371B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908006A FR2648371B1 (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE FOR OBTAINING SELF-SUPPORTING CONFORMED PRODUCTS

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8908006A FR2648371B1 (en) 1989-06-16 1989-06-16 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE FOR OBTAINING SELF-SUPPORTING CONFORMED PRODUCTS

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FR2648371A1 true FR2648371A1 (en) 1990-12-21
FR2648371B1 FR2648371B1 (en) 1992-05-07

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0550800A2 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 BEYER INDUSTRIEPRODUKTE GmbH &Co. KG Method for manufacturing molded products using an extruder and a mold, and equipment to be used therewith
EP0574328A1 (en) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 Jean-Paul Vendrand Method of treating and neutralizing wastes containing pathogens
WO2010040474A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-15 Heger Gmbh + Co. Kg Compacting system for foamed plastic material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1629711A1 (en) * 1967-01-13 1971-02-04 Basf Ag Plasticizing and ejection unit for plastic masses, preferably for hollow body blow molding machines that process thermoplastics
US3827213A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-08-06 Flums Ag Maschf Apparatus for packaging synthetic-resin scraps
US4008858A (en) * 1972-05-12 1977-02-22 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company Limited Treating device for synthetic resin waste
EP0108185A2 (en) * 1982-10-07 1984-05-16 TAGO RUBBER S.r.l. Apparatus for extruding preformed articles, particularly rubber articles
FR2575943A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-18 Jgc Corp PROCESS FOR COMPACTING AND SOLIDIFYING SOLID WASTE, APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID WASTE
EP0278362A2 (en) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-17 Menzolit GmbH Method and apparatus for the manufacture of thermoplastic preforms and preform

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1629711A1 (en) * 1967-01-13 1971-02-04 Basf Ag Plasticizing and ejection unit for plastic masses, preferably for hollow body blow molding machines that process thermoplastics
US3827213A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-08-06 Flums Ag Maschf Apparatus for packaging synthetic-resin scraps
US4008858A (en) * 1972-05-12 1977-02-22 Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company Limited Treating device for synthetic resin waste
EP0108185A2 (en) * 1982-10-07 1984-05-16 TAGO RUBBER S.r.l. Apparatus for extruding preformed articles, particularly rubber articles
FR2575943A1 (en) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-18 Jgc Corp PROCESS FOR COMPACTING AND SOLIDIFYING SOLID WASTE, APPARATUS FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID WASTE
EP0278362A2 (en) * 1987-02-10 1988-08-17 Menzolit GmbH Method and apparatus for the manufacture of thermoplastic preforms and preform

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0550800A2 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-14 BEYER INDUSTRIEPRODUKTE GmbH &Co. KG Method for manufacturing molded products using an extruder and a mold, and equipment to be used therewith
EP0550800A3 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-10-06 Beyer Industrieprodukte Gmbh &Co. Kg Method for manufacturing molded products using an extruder and a mold, and equipment to be used therewith
EP0574328A1 (en) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-15 Jean-Paul Vendrand Method of treating and neutralizing wastes containing pathogens
FR2692177A1 (en) * 1992-06-12 1993-12-17 Vendrand Jean Paul Process for treating and neutralizing waste containing pathogenic elements
WO2010040474A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-04-15 Heger Gmbh + Co. Kg Compacting system for foamed plastic material

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