FR2634401A1 - ROTOR EQUIPPED WITH PROTECTIVE SHIELDS, FOR A CRUSHER - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to protect the outer surfaces of the rotor 3 of a crusher with the aid of protective shields 12 which are more quickly and more easily replaceable and this with reduced expenditure on personnel, and which are less bulky, provision has been made for a direct connection or securing by adaptation of the shapes of the protective shields 12 on the rotor 3.

Description

Rotor fitted with protective shields, intended for a crusher. The

  present invention relates to a rotor

  equipped with protective shields, intended for a crusher.

  Such crushers can for example consist

  in hammer crushers or in crushers which

  tent a fixed casing in which a rotor fitted with protective shields is rotatably housed. At the entrance of

  housing, on the inner side thereof, is arranged a

  clume, which acts in combination with crushing tools

  fixed or mobile ages secured to the rotor. In the case of hammer crushers, these consist of hammers pivotally housed between disks arranged in a fixed manner in rotation on a shaft in order to constitute

  a rotor. To do this, the rotor which is generally ac-

  coupled to a fast rotating drive means comprising

  te a plurality of axes parallel to the rotor shaft but offset eccentrically with respect thereto, axes on which the crushing tools or hammers are

  freely rotatable. Crushing takes place

  kills - by the interaction of hammers with the fixed anvil dis-

  posed at the material entry as well as with the internal par.

  or the bottom performing the function of a counter-tool against which the material is projected or on which it

is wedged.

  In operation, certain zones and / or parts

  of the crusher are subject to particular stresses

  slightly elevated by the material to be crushed which exerts forces on these zones or parts in the directions

more diverse.

  Among the areas that are particularly stressed, these include the inner walls of the housing, the bottom of the housing and, in the area of the rotor, the body

  of the rotor in the case of the construction of a rotor

  several parts, discs constituting said body of the rotor - in particular their external surface%, that is to say the

  peripheral surfaces and surfaces adjacent to them - -

  here - flanges, braces or the like, as well as tools carried by the rotor, for example hammers. Particularly when the material to be crushed consists entirely or partially of a metallic material, the rotor body undergoes particularly significant wear.

  due to friction and the impact of the workpieces

  third. After a relatively short operating time, the outer surfaces of the rotor body or of the rotor discs, in particular, are abraded so that the

  elements constituting the rotor body become unused

and must be replaced.

  In order to increase the usage times of the elements

  machine shields subject to wear, protective shields have been provided which cover the areas concerned and which can be replaced after wear. The body of the rotor, for example the discs constituting its essential part. Are covered with protective shields according to a technique

  known from document DE-C-26 05 751. The shields of pro-

  tection and the hammers are each arranged on a common axis and can be separated from the support zone or

  rotor body by means of a special extraction device

  tion, by pulling and removing the axis and then be

  replaced. After removing an axis, the pro-

  tection rest freely on the rotor discs and are freely accessible as well as the hammers and

can be replaced.

  In the case of construction conforming to the docu-

  ment DE-C-33 27 204, hammers and protective shields

  tion are arranged on different axes which can however be withdrawn or expelled in a similar manner by a suitable device such as for example that which is

  known from document DE-B-24 37 793.

  From the point of view of solidarity and pos-

  if replacement shields, the above solutions essentially meet the

  request. However, certain factors, including determining

  undermined by the duration of the replacement in the case of these

  build, are disadvantageous. In both cases above

  mentioned, the space requirement and the time demand are high to remove the axis from the rotor body area, since the extraction and mounting devices

  used must be moved several times. According to the

  rotor, it is necessary to remove the axes of 2 meters or more, in addition to the length of the special extraction device, when it comes to removing the axis from the area of the rotor body in view to make the shields of protection

  freely accessible. Since the withdrawal or extraction

  the axis must be done in stages for technical reasons, the time factor adds up negatively

  with constructive drawbacks and due to space.

  The assembly or disassembly of the axes of which 6 to 12 parts are in practice provided in a rotor, is carried out

  using a special extraction device using the-

  which axes can be removed. The various protective shields released, in fact rest on the outer surfaces of the rotor discs, mimic after removal of the axes, but they must nevertheless be adjusted so that the bores of their fastening elements are aligned with the corresponding axis . In this position, the axis 4-

  is introduced in stages into the bores of each plug

  lined 'protective shield and each protective shield

  tion is centered and secured in this way, about 10 to 13 protective shields being aligned or arranged axially along the length of the rotor. Another disadvantage of the known techniques lies in the expensive storage made necessary by the

  number and various types of protective shields intended

  born on the rotor lining. Depending on the arrangement of the hammers or according to the number of hammers, i.e. 2, 16 or 24, it is necessary to provide in practice between 74 and 84 partially different protective shields for coating a rotor. This also means that, when installing new protective shields, the operator must: each time decide which protective shield should be

  mounted, since the protective shields

  tines at the ends of the rotor as well as the shields of

  protection for the hammer area are for example-

  ple different from other protective shields. More

  adjustment work for each protective shield -

  adjustment of the bores of the protective shields

  alignment with the axis - this choice of the corresponding shield

  constitutes significant expenses, This technique

  mentioned used for known constructions function-

  not without difficulty but requires a lot of spending on

  time and personnel, especially following the work of adjustment

  various protective shields.

  The object of the invention is to protect surfaces

  outer of a wear rotor by pro-

  tection which are faster and more simply replaced

  redeemable at reduced staff costs

and which are less bulky.

  In accordance with the present invention, this object is

  reached by a direct link or solidarity by adap-

  tation of the forms of protective shields on their

  rotor. As part of the request, "the bond or the solida-

  direct risation "means a bond or a solidarization such that it makes superfluous the elements of solidarization

  complementary, in particular the axes, which allows eco-

  appoint space and time when replacing.

  To do this, it is particularly advantageous that the protective shields comprise, on the side opposite their wear zone, at least one fixing rail, which is capable of being inserted in each case at least one recess

profile made in the rotor.

  The time to replace pro-

  tection is greatly reduced thanks to the solution of the invention and requires only a fraction of the time up to

  present necessary, given that the ex-

  traction or repulsion of the axes is omitted. For the cent

  trage of protective shields, the state of the art generally calls on two operators, one of whom is responsible for aligning the bore of each protective shield with the axis and the other controlling manually the lifting device and controls the introduction by

  axis step and performs the necessary technical gestures

  saires for this purpose. The arrangement according to the present invention does not require, as a result of the aforementioned advantages

  only one operator to replace or introduce

  protection shields. Saving time

  thus obtained is obvious as is the noticeable bulk.

  significantly reduced compared to that of the known arrangements in which the axes must be removed completely from the body of the rotor, that is to say that in the particular case,

  at least 2 meters of clearance must be provided for

  Furthermore, additional space must be provided for the arrangement of the extraction device, in the

direction of movement of the axes.

  Furthermore, in the context of the technique of the invention, the mounting of the protective shields does not require,

  in the most advantageous case> only 6 selections, that is

  say that for a determined arrangement of hammers and

  a coating of the rotor by protective shields extends

  over its entire length, 6 pro shields

  different tection are necessary which are classified according to

  the slots provided for the hammers, predetermined or small

  seen in the upper surface of the protective shields.

  According to another embodiment of the invention, the length of a protective shield is freely chosen as far as possible beyond the length of the rotor, depending on the means of attachment to said rotors, that is to say i.e. where the rotor is made up of discs

  and which allow insertion by sliding.

  Thanks to this measure, it further facilitates

  protection shields during installation and

  disassembly. In addition, the space required for intro-

  duction and extraction of protective shields, which

  can be about two meters in the case of a bou-

  protective cover that covers the entire length of the

  tor, can be reduced to half the length of the rotor, i.e.

  say about a meter, when the protective shields are chosen to a length that covers only half of

  the total length of the rotor. However, it is also pos-

  susceptible that the protective shields cover each time by their covering part only half of a rotor disc width of the neighboring rotor discs, that is to say a construction technique comprising several shields

  protection which can be removed individually -

  lon the sequence of assembly. Storage costs are noted

  greatly reduced by the fact that, in the case of 6 axes,

  - woven on the perimeter of the rotor, only 12 protective shields are necessary, compared to the 74 or 84 shields required by the known technique. In the case of a protective shield covering the entire length of the rotor, the complete coating of the rotor would require only 6 shields

  protection. Within the framework of the invention, it is possible to

  times also provide for example 4 shields -protection

  distributed around the perimeter of the rotor.

  Other advantageous embodiments of the protective shields according to the invention are mentioned in the

subclaims.

  Other details of the invention are described below in support of the embodiments shown in the drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through a crusher comprising a rotor according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a cross section through a rotor along line II - II of Figure 3; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section along the line III - III of Figure 2; - Figure 4 is a perspective representation of a complete rotor of a hammer crusher having a cover for the axial securing of the securing rails; and - Figures 5 and 6 show developed views of the rotor, in particular for viewing

  the arrangement of pro-

tection.

  In the case of the crusher shown in FIG. 1 and bearing the general reference 1, this is, for example,

  a hammer crusher whose casing 2 includes a

  tor 3 housed in a rotary manner by means of a shaft 4. This casing is only represented in FIG. 3 by axis lines. In FIGS. 1 and 3 the front walls 5 are shown, and thematically, the bearings 6 of the shaft 4 and the walls / sera 7. The rotor shaft 4 can comprise a plurality of rotor discs 78 by example

  circularly connected in rotation by a key 9.

  The invention is however not limited to such a rotor.

  fitted with discs, but is also suitable for other rotor bodies, for example a spider rotor or

  a rotor cast in one piece. The shaft 4 can be entrained

  born in rotation by a training device: not shown

  smelled. The rotor discs 8 consist of disc-shaped bodies or flanges 8a which are fitted with hubs 8b. The rotor discs are housed by means of their hubs

  8b on shaft 4, one in close proximity to the other.

  The rotor discs 8 comprising the hubs 8b and the flanges 8a constitute, on the shaft 4, the rotor body or the rotor support body 3 of the hammer crusher. Axes 10 parallel to the shaft 4 but all offset radially relative to the latter by the same distance pass through the rotor discs 8, that is to say

  the bores 8c made in the rotor discs, -notam-

  in the flanges 8a. Axes 10 serve as accommodation

  for hammers 11 which are freely arranged

  rotating on them. The hammers 11 are of construction

  eccentric and extend outward, in the state of

  operation, as shown in Figure 1.

  In Figures 2, 3 and 4, the rotor 3 is out of operation -

ment, that is to say at the stop.

  Two hammers 11 are generally not placed in close proximity to one another. They are rather distributed over the length of the rotor and around the perimeter of

  the latter, as represented, for example the representa-

  developed statements of Figures 5 and 6.

  In order to prevent wear on the external surfaces, that is to say the peripheral surfaces and the adjacent surfaces of the rotor discs 8, in particular of the flanges Sa, other elements have been provided, in addition to the hammers. 'wear, namely protective shields 12 secured to the rotor 3. Each time 2 protective shields 12 are arranged, in the embodiment shown, over the total length L of the rotor 3. This is not, however, a 3' 0 essential condition of the invention, other arrangements

  also being possible within the scope of the invention.

  Thus the length 1 of a protective shield 12 can vary beyond the length L of the rotor depending on the possibilities of attachment to the rotor, that is to say, as regards the embodiment, possibilities of attachment to the rotor discs. A single protective shield 12 can for example cover the total length L of the rotor 3 or else various protective shields can

  for example each time cover, by their part of

  verture 12, half the width of a rotor disc (b)

adjacent rotor discs 8a.

  As shown in the dexé.cution examples, the protective shields can for example have the shape of a circular segment. The lower face 12c of the protective shields 12 or of the covering part 12a,

  opposite to the wear zone 13 comprises a rail for securing

  optionally profiled 14 which can be inserted

  coaxially in a correspondingly shaped recess 15

  laying and practiced in rotor 3, in particular in the dis-

  ques 8 of it. The profiled securing rail 14 of the protective shields 12 may for example have a

  trapezoidal shape 14a which converges towards the wear area 13.

  Alternatively, the securing rail 12 can also pre-

  feel a section 14a consisting of 2 juxtaposed trapezoids

  whose small parallel sides 14b are adjacent.

  The axial distance as well as the distance along the perimeter, separating two adjacent protective shields 12 or the covering elements 12a from these, which cover in the form shown, each time the semi-length: L of

  rotor, is as small as possible, and, in general, inferior

  less than the distance shown in the drawing. In the case

  dre of the invention, it is possible to provide that the bou-

  protective shields, in the assembled state, cover essential-

  the periphery to be protected from the rotor or discs

  of rotor or constitute a cylinder or an envelope of pro-

  tection essentially closed. However, at each location 3'0 where a hammer 11 protrudes: on the periphery of the rotor,

  the envelope of said rotor has a slot 12C.

  The securing rail 14 of the pro-

  tection 12 which projects each time on the last disc 8d of the rotor is fixed against any axial displacement in operating condition, using a cover 16 which is engaged in a groove 14c formed in said securing rail and which is secured to the last rotor disc 8d (see Figures 3 and 4). When replacing the protective shields 12, this cover 16 must first be removed - before expulsion

  protection shield 12.

  The constructive dimensions of a rotor according to the present invention must be chosen such that the mounting or dismounting of the shields

  protection is not hampered, in the upper rest position

  of a protective shield (see approximately in Figure 2), by the hubs of the hammers suspended from the

axes or by the hubs themselves.

Claims (9)

  1. Rotor fitted with protective shields, intended for a   crusher, characterized by a bond or a solidarisa-   direct tion by adapting the shapes of the shields protection (12) on the rotor (3).   2. Rotor according to claim 1 characterized in that the protective shields (12) comprise, on the side opposite their wear zone (13), at least one fixing rail (14) which is capable of being introduced into each : times at least one profiled recess (15) made in the rotor (3).   3. Rotor according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that, in the case of a rotor (3) consisting of discs (8), the fixing rail (s) (14) is or are engaged (s) in recesses aligned profiles, practiced in said discs (8).   4. Rotor according to one or more of claims 1 to   3 characterized in that the protective shields (12) are capable of being mounted by sliding on the rotor   (3) or to be withdrawn therefrom coaxially with respect to   port to the axis of rotation of said rotor (3).   5. Rotor according to one or more of claims 1 to 4   characterized in that the longitudinal edges of the   protective shields are located in the ra- dial of hammer axes (10).   6. Rotor according to one or more of claims 1 to 5   characterized in that the number of protective shields   tion distributed over the perimeter of the rotor is lower the number of hammer trees.   7. Protective shield for a rotor conforming to one   or more of claims 1 to 6 characterized in   that the length (1) of a protective shield (12) is   freely chosen as far as possible beyond   rotor (2), depending on the means of securing rotor position (3).   8. Protective shield according to claim 7, charac-   terized in that the fixing rail (14) integral with the   said shield (12) has a trapezoidal section (14a) which converges on the side oriented towards the area wear (13).   9. Protective shield according to claim 7, ca-   characterized in that the fixing rail (14) secured   of said shield (12) has a section (14a) consisting of   killed by two juxtaposed trapezoids whose small ribs   parallel tees (14b) are adjacent.