FR2633140A1 - METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING FAILURES OF AT LEAST ONE LIGHT SOURCE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring system for implementing the method. It comprises individual equipment for each of the sources to be monitored and central equipment, each individual equipment item comprising: - a state sensor 1,2 of the source, and - a transmitter 10 connected to the supply line of the source for modulating the control voltage, the central equipment comprising: - a response receiver 17 connected to the source supply line, and - a memory 15 associated with each source for storing the response of this source.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a monitoring system

  failures of at least one source. luminous, more particularly adapted to the monitoring of a plurality of sources

of public lighting.

  The surveillance of such networks is generally done either at night, which is a drawback for the staff responsible for this monitoring, or day by maintaining the network under tension, which

  causes an additional energy expenditure.

  It is in any case an expensive operation that can not

  not be performed every day.

  It has also been proposed in document FR-A-2591718 to use a photocomponent to detect the radiation emitted by the source while it is under voltage, and to emit a signal of failure.

on its power line.-

  Although generally satisfactory, this arrangement has the disadvantage of requiring to work in

  musical frequency ranges, which imposes the presence of expensive filters.

  The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is firstly a method for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, characterized in that after the end of the service of said source, its supply network is recharged. using an alternative control voltage, that the state of the source is detected, that the control voltage is modulated according to the state of the source, and that the one-point modulation

  from the supply network away from the source.

  More particularly in the case of a discharge source, a control voltage sufficiently low is used for the source to

  does not reboot, resulting in only minimal power consumption.

  The information is therefore conveyed by the power supply cables, and for the high voltage networks, by the 220 volts / 3000 volts transformers, but the filters are eliminated since it is now possible to use a control voltage having

  the same frequency as the normal supply voltage, for example 50 Hz.

  The current that appears then results from the impedances of the cables,

  possibly transformers, and individual capacitors.

  compensation of ballasts (chokes arranged in series with the discharge lamp).

  In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is possible, to modulate the control voltage, to cause a current draw in the supply network by connecting a resistor in parallel with the

source.

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2 6 3 3 1 4

  More particularly, this resistor can be connected during a half-period of the control voltage, the resulting modulation being sensed by integrating the current over a complete period of this

control voltage.

  Indeed, the connection of the resistor causes a decrease in the impedance, and therefore an increase in the current during this half-period. This results in a non-zero value of the integration of the current over the complete period when the modulation is applied, whereas

  the integration gives a zero sum in the absence of modulation.

  In the general case where it is desired to monitor a plurality of sources, the modulation of the control voltage can be carried out for each source after a time, after the power supply of the network, according to a serial number of the source , after the

network replenishment.

  The present invention also relates to a monitoring system for implementing the method described above, characterized in that it comprises individual equipment for each source to monitor, and a central equipment, each individual equipment comprising a source-state sensor, and a transmitter connected to the power supply line of the source for modulating the control voltage, and the central equipment comprising: a response receiver connected to the line of the source; supply of the source, and a memory associated with each source for storing the response of

this source.

  The transmitter may include a resistor and a switch for connecting the resistor to the power supply for half a period depending on the state of the source, the receiver comprising

  an integrator to integrate the current for a period.

  Preferably, each individual equipment comprises at least one

  memory for storing the state of the associated source.

  Each individual equipment may furthermore comprise, more particularly, a temperature sensor disposed near the source, for example a thermocouple, the thermal inertia of the sources keeping track of the operation for about 5 minutes after

the extinction of the network.

  In the case of monitoring a plurality of sources, each individual equipment, as well as the central equipment, comprises a 3-counter, the transmitter of each individual equipment being arranged to be activated after a time, after the recharge of the network, a function of a

number of the source.

  The central equipment may also comprise a synchro-coupler to replenish the network at a predetermined time. By way of nonlimiting example, a particular embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 represents a piece of equipment according to the invention; FIG. 2 represents a central piece of equipment according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one embodiment of an individual piece of equipment, FIG. is an electrical diagram of an embodiment

central equipment, and -

  FIG. 5 is a sequential diagram of the signals recorded on

the circuits of Figures 3 and 4.

  The devices shown in the drawings allow the remote signaling of the individual failures of the discharge lamps of a

  high voltage or low voltage public lighting network.

  Each of the lighting columns of the network has individual equipment while the central equipment is housed in the high voltage substation.

  lighting network or in the low-voltage cabinet.

  The individual equipment of FIG. 1 comprises a sensor 1 associated with a memory for storing a lamp failure, and a sensor 2 for detecting a failure of the ballast compensation capacitor.

  These two sensors are connected to a logic circuit 3 powered by.

  a power supply 4 connected to the power supply network 5 of the lamp, placed during the test phase of the candelabra under an AC control voltage at 50 Hz, but of sufficiently low amplitude for

avoid re-priming the lamps.

  The logic circuit 3 comprises a counter 6 which counts them half

  positive waves of the control voltage applied to the network 5.

  A memory 7 contains the number of the candelabrum associated with the individual equipment, which will be activated after a time proportional to

this serial number.

  For this purpose, the outputs of the counter 6 and the memory 7 are compared in a comparator 8 which allows, via a

  AND gate 9, to validate a "YES" signal transmitter 10.

  -4- The other input of the AND gate 9 receives the output of a gate NI Il

  at the input of which the outputs of sensors 1 and 2 are applied.

  Therefore, if no failure has been detected neither in the lamp nor in the capacitor, the output of the gate 11 is at 1, so that when the contents of the counter 6 are equal to a predetermined multiple of the number of order contained in the memory 7, the transmitter 10 transmits on the line 5

  a signal "YES" indicating that this candelabrum is in order.

  The sensor 1 memorizing the lamp failure can use a thermocouple fixed on the hot part of the candelabrum, associated with a

amplifier.

  The thermal inertia of the lamps keeps the trace of the functioning approximately 5 minutes after the extinction of the network, allowing the sensor to then provide a logic 1, in the case where the lamp has actually been

  illuminated during the immediately preceding operating time.

  The capacitor failure sensor can use a measurement of the intensity absorbed by the capacitance under the control voltage for

  then also provide a logical I.

  We will see below how the transmitter of

"YES" signal.

  Referring now to FIG. 2, the central equipment comprises a synchronous coupler 12 making it possible to apply the control voltage coming from a source 13 to one of the phases 14 of the network. This control voltage is applied at a given moment of the period to achieve the best compromise between the spatio-temporal oscillations of the wave of

  voltage and the aperiodic components of the long current to be amortized.

  An automaton 15 controls the switching of the synchronous coupler 12 and also makes it possible to manage the signals transmitted in response in the

individual equipment.

  For this purpose the automaton is connected on the one hand to a counter 16 also counting the positive half-periods of the control voltage, so as to permanently know which individual equipment and therefore to which

  candelabrum is the signal received.

  This signal is received by an "YES" signal receiver 17 connected to a shunt 18 transforming into voltage variations the current variations appearing in the line 14. This receiver 17 will be described in more detail.

detail below.

  In the absence of a response at a time when a response is expected, the controller 15 stores in a set of memories with a bit, a failure indication corresponding to the candelabrum whose order number is provided

by the counter 16.

  The central equipment of FIG. 2 finally comprises a self

  compensation 19 whose function will also be described below.

  Upon completion of the service, the central equipment sets up the control voltage on the network. The appearance of this voltage is interpreted by individual equipment as an order to have to

  respond to the moment assigned to them based on their serial number.

  It should also be noted that this control voltage is at the time base for synchronizing the individual equipment and the equipment.

  central which counts the positive half-waves.

  It has also already been seen that this control voltage was

  used to test the compensation capacitors.

  It will now be seen with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 that the control voltage finally plays the carrier role modulated in amplitude by the

  individual equipment for the transmission of information.

  FIG. 3 shows the supply line 20 on which the discharge lamp 21 of a candelabrum is connected via a transformer 22. The lamp 21 is lit by means of a ballast 23, that is to say a self connected in series with the lamp, and a primer 24. A compensation capacitor 25 is connected in

  parallel with the lamp 21 to compensate for the reactance of the ballast 23.

  The figure represents the individual equipment 26 comprising the aforementioned counter 6 and the logic circuits represented in their entirety by 27. Furthermore, a switch 28, for example made in the form of a thyristor, makes it possible to connect in parallel on the line a resistance 29 when the individual equipment has to send a "YES" signal. The switch 28 and the resistor 29 therefore constitute the "YES" signal transmitter 10-schematically represented in FIG.

figure 1.

  Referring now to Figure 4 the same references

  that those of Figure 2 were used for identical elements.

  The shunt 18 is connected to the signal receiver "YES" 17 via a switch 30 controlled by the counter 16 during a

  period, closed at regular intervals, for example every 4 periods.

  The voltage across the shunt 18 is then integrated separately over its two half-periods, using two diodes 31 and two

capacitors 32.

  The outputs of the capacitors 32 are amplified in amplifiers 33 whose outputs are applied to a differential amplifier 34. A comparator 35 makes it possible to detect whether the output of the differential amplifier 34 is sufficiently different from zero, which means that a "YES" signal has been sent by the individual equipment

candelabra under test.

  FIG. 5 represents in the left-hand part the case of the reception of a "YES" signal signifying that the candelabrum is in the operating state, and in its right-hand side the case of a lack of response meaning that the candelabrum is failing, that the equipment

  individual himself to which he is associated is out of order.

  The synchronizer 12 establishes the control voltage at zero time, as shown by the curve 40 (it is assumed that the candelabrum tested is that of the order number 1). The compensation choke 19 is chosen such that the voltages V and V at the terminals of the counters 6 and 16 are in phase, since these counters must count the periods synchronously. The counters 6 of each individual equipment are shifted by 4 periods and each send an order S between the times 1.5 and 2.5 of their phase (curve 41), to the signal transmitter "YES" 10 which, if there is no failure emits a half wave of current I (curve 42) by switching during

  half a period the resistance 29.

  The shunt 18 provides at its terminals an image voltage of the current J in the circuit, so that at the time of receiving the signal "YES" a

  asymmetry of the order of 30% appears as represented in 43 of the curve 44.

  The counter 16 then gives the command to switch the image voltage of J on the integrator 17, via the switch 30

(curve 44).

  The diodes 31 then charge the capacitors 32 each for a half period, these capacitors then having the voltages A and B. It is seen on the curve 46 that the voltage A starts to decree at time 1 to return to zero at time 4, while the curve 47 shows that the voltage B

  starts at crottre at time 2 and also returns to zero at time 4.

  However, because of the asymmetry noted in the curve 44, the voltage B increases much more than the voltage A decreases, so that the output Z of the differential amplifier 34 (curve 48) forms a slot

essentially positive. -

  The comparator 35 makes it possible to correct the false zero and provides a 1

  logic (curve 49) when a "YES" signal is received.

  The counter 16 sends the read command OL (curve 50)

  the automaton between time 2.5 and time 4.

  Finally the counter 16 sends the order, resetting the

  voltages A and B (curves 51) between times 4.5 and 5.5.

2 6 3 3 1 40

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  On the right side of the curves, the half wave of intensity due to the switching of the resistor 29 is absent, the asymmetry between the voltages A and B does not occur, so that the signal "YES" n 'is not

  This causes the controller to record failure information.

  It will be noted that the value of the resistor 29 is calculated for each network in order to create a current draw as large as possible

  in view of the need not to disturb the voltage wave too much.

  For example, the voltage drop must not be greater than 50% of the control voltage at the switching point in order not to

- disturbing the meters.

  As regards the compensation chokes 19, they are preferably adjustable. Indeed, the departures and each of their phases have different characteristics and, in addition, the structures of the networks

  may evolve as a result of extensions or operating maneuvers.

  The self / network agreement can be done manually by the operators from time to time, or can be done automatically by the PLC using the information of a sensor measuring the offset

  temporal zeros of voltage and current.

  Various variations and modifications can of course be

  made to the above description without departing from the scope and

of the spirit of the invention.

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Claims (10)

  1. A method for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, characterized in that, after the end of the service of said source, its supply network is recharged using an alternating control voltage, which the state of the source is detected, the control voltage is modulated according to the state of the source, and it is sensed   the modulation at a point of the supply network away from the source.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said source is a discharge source, and that the control voltage is   weak enough so that the source does not reboot.   3. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that, to modulate said control voltage, a current draw is caused in the supply network by connecting a   resistance in parallel with the source.   4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that one connects said resistance for half a period of said control voltage, and that one captures the resulting modulation by integrating the   current over a period of this control voltage.   5. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 4, for   the monitoring of a plurality of sources, characterized in that the modulation of the control voltage is carried out for each source after a time, after the re-supply of the network, a function of a number of the source.   6. Monitoring system for the implementation of the process according to   any of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that   includes individual equipment for each of the sources to be monitored and central equipment, each individual equipment comprising: a source sensor (1,2) of the source, and a transmitter (10) connected to the supply line of the source for modulating the control voltage, the central equipment comprising: a response receiver (17) connected to the supply line of the source, and a memory (15) associated with each source for storing the answer from this source.   7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that said emitter comprises a resistor (29) and a switch (28) for connecting the resistor to the supply network for a half-period of the control voltage in function. of the state of the source, and that the 9-response receiver includes an integrator (31,34) to integrate the current for a period.   8. System according to any one of claims 6 and 7,   characterized in that each individual equipment comprises at least one memory for storing the state of the source.   9. System according to any one of claims 6 to 8,   characterized by the fact that each individual equipment comprises a sensor   temperature (1) disposed near the source.   10. System according to any one of claims 6 to 9,   characterized in that each individual equipment and the central equipment comprise a counter (6, 16) -, the transmitter of each individual equipment being arranged to be activated after a time function of a   number of the source after the network recharge.   He. System according to one of Claims 6 to 10,   characterized by the fact that the central equipment comprises a   synchro-counter (12) for replenishing the network at a predetermined time.