EP0347317A1 - Process and device for detecting failures of at least one light source - Google Patents

Process and device for detecting failures of at least one light source Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0347317A1
EP0347317A1 EP89401668A EP89401668A EP0347317A1 EP 0347317 A1 EP0347317 A1 EP 0347317A1 EP 89401668 A EP89401668 A EP 89401668A EP 89401668 A EP89401668 A EP 89401668A EP 0347317 A1 EP0347317 A1 EP 0347317A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
source
control voltage
equipment
network
individual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89401668A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre Picard
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Forclum Force Et Lumiere Electriques SA Ste
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Forclum Force Et Lumiere Electriques SA Ste
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Publication of EP0347317A1 publication Critical patent/EP0347317A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/21—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel
    • H05B47/22—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel with communication between the lamps and a central unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, more particularly suitable for monitoring a plurality of public lighting sources.
  • Monitoring of such networks is generally carried out either at night, which is a drawback for the personnel responsible for this monitoring, or during the day by keeping the network energized, which causes additional energy expenditure.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
  • the invention firstly relates to a method for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, characterized in that after the end of the service of said source, its supply network is replenished using an AC control voltage, detect the state of the source, modulate the control voltage according to the state of the source, and pick up the modulation at a point in the supply network far from the source.
  • a sufficiently low control voltage is used so that the source does not reboot, which causes only minimal energy consumption.
  • this resistor can be connected for half a period of the control voltage, the resulting modulation being picked up by integrating the current over a complete period of this control voltage.
  • connection of the resistor causes a decrease in the impedance, and therefore, an increase in the current during this half-period.
  • the modulation of the control voltage can be carried out for each source after a time, after the network is replenished, depending on a serial number of the source , after the network has been replenished.
  • the present invention also relates to a monitoring system for implementing the method described above, characterized in that it comprises individual equipment for each of the sources to be monitored, and central equipment, each individual equipment comprising : a source state sensor, and -a transmitter connected to the source supply line to modulate the control voltage, and central equipment including: a response receiver connected to the source supply line, and a memory associated with each source to store the response of this source.
  • the transmitter may in particular comprise a resistor and a switch for connecting the resistor to the supply network for half a period depending on the state of the source, the receiver comprising an integrator for integrating the current for a period.
  • each individual item of equipment includes at least one memory for storing the state of the associated source.
  • Each individual item of equipment may furthermore comprise, more particularly, a temperature sensor disposed near the source, for example a thermocouple, the thermal inertia of the sources keeping track of the operation for approximately 5 minutes after the network has been switched off.
  • a temperature sensor disposed near the source, for example a thermocouple, the thermal inertia of the sources keeping track of the operation for approximately 5 minutes after the network has been switched off.
  • each individual device When monitoring a plurality of sources, each individual device, as well as the central device, includes a counter, the transmitter of each individual device being arranged to be activated after a time, after the network has been replenished, as a function of a serial number of the source.
  • the central equipment can also include a synchro-coupler to replenish the network at a predetermined time.
  • the devices shown in the drawings allow remote signaling of individual failures of discharge lamps from a high voltage or low voltage public lighting network.
  • Each candelabra in the network has individual equipment while the central equipment is housed in the high-voltage substation of the lighting network or in the low-voltage cabinet.
  • the individual equipment of FIG. 1 comprises a sensor 1 associated with a memory for memorizing a failure of the lamp, and a sensor 2 for detecting a failure of the ballast compensation capacitor.
  • These two sensors are connected to a logic circuit 3 supplied by a supply 4 connected to the electrical supply network 5 of the lamp, placed during the candelabra test phase under an alternative control voltage at 50 Hz, but of sufficiently low amplitude. to avoid re-ignition of the lamps.
  • the logic circuit 3 includes a counter 6 which counts the positive half-waves of the control voltage applied to the network 5.
  • a memory 7 contains the number of the candelabrum associated with the individual equipment, which will be activated after a time proportional to this order number.
  • the outputs of the counter 6 and of the memory 7 are compared in a comparator 8 which makes it possible, via an AND gate 9, to validate a "YES" signal transmitter 10.
  • the other input of the AND gate 9 receives the output of an NI gate 11 at the input of which the outputs of the sensors 1 and 2 are applied.
  • the output of the gate 11 is at 1, so that, when the content of the counter 6 is equal to a predetermined multiple of the number of order contained in memory 7, the transmitter 10 sends on line 5 a "YES" signal indicating that this candelabra is in order.
  • the sensor 1 memorizing the failure of the lamp can use a thermocouple fixed on the hot part of the candelabrum, associated with an amplifier.
  • the thermal inertia of the lamps retains the trace of operation approximately 5 minutes after the network has been switched off, allowing the sensor to then supply a logic 1, in the event that the lamp has actually been lit during the immediately preceding operating time.
  • the capacitor failure sensor can use a measurement of the current absorbed by the capacitor under the control voltage to then also provide a logic 1.
  • the central equipment comprises a synchrocoupler 12 for applying the control voltage from a source 13 on one of the phases 14 of the network.
  • This control voltage is applied at a determined time in the period to achieve the best compromise between the spatio-temporal oscillations of the voltage wave and the aperiodic components of the current which are long to absorb.
  • An automaton 15 controls the switching of the synchrocoupler 12 and also makes it possible to manage the signals transmitted in response in the individual devices.
  • the automaton is connected on the one hand to a counter 16 also counting the positive half-periods of the control voltage, so as to know permanently which individual equipment and therefore which candelabrum corresponds to the received signal.
  • This signal is received by a "YES" signal receiver 17 connected to a shunt 18 transforming into voltage variations the current variations appearing in line 14.
  • This receiver 17 will be described in more detail below.
  • the automaton 15 stores in a set of one-bit memories, an indication of failure corresponding to the candelabrum whose serial number is provided by the counter 16.
  • the central equipment of FIG. 2 finally comprises a compensation choke 19 whose function will also be described below.
  • the central equipment sets up the control voltage on the network.
  • the appearance of this voltage is interpreted by the individual devices as an order to have to respond to the instant allocated to them according to their order number.
  • this control voltage serves as a time base for synchronizing the individual equipment and the central equipment which counts the positive half-waves.
  • control voltage finally plays the role of carrier amplitude modulated by the individual devices for the transmission of information.
  • FIG. 3 shows the supply line 20 to which the discharge lamp 21 of a candelabrum is connected by means of a transformer 22.
  • the lamp 21 is lit by means of a ballast 23, that is to say an inductor connected in series with the lamp, and an initiator 24.
  • a compensation capacitor 25 is connected in parallel with the lamp 21 to compensate for the reactance of the ballast 23.
  • the figure shows the individual equipment 26 comprising the aforementioned counter 6 and the logic circuits represented as a whole by 27. Furthermore, a switch 28, produced for example in the form of a thyristor, makes it possible to connect in parallel on the line supply 20 a resistor 29 when the individual equipment must send a "YES" signal. The switch 28 and the resistor 29 therefore constitute the "YES" signal transmitter 10 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the shunt 18 is connected to the “YES” signal receiver 17 by means of a switch 30 controlled by the counter 16 for a period, closed at regular intervals, for example every 4 periods.
  • the voltage across the shunt 18 is then integrated separately over its two half-periods, using two diodes 31 and two capacitors 32.
  • the outputs of the capacitors 32 are amplified in amplifiers 33, the outputs of which are applied to a differential amplifier 34.
  • a comparator 35 makes it possible to detect whether the output of the differential amplifier 34 is sufficiently different from zero, which means that a "YES" signal has been sent by the individual equipment of the candelabrum being tested.
  • FIG. 5 represents in its left part the case of the reception of a “YES” signal signifying that the candelabrum is in working condition, and in its right part the case of an absence of response signifying either that the candelabrum is faulty , or that the individual equipment itself with which it is associated is out of use.
  • the synchrocoupler 12 establishes the control voltage at time zero, as shown by curve 40 (it is assumed that the candelabrum tested is that of order number 1).
  • the compensation choke 19 is chosen so that the voltages Y and v at the terminals of the counters 6 and 16 are in phase, since these counters must count the periods synchronously.
  • the counters 6 of each individual item of equipment are shifted by 4 periods and each send an order S between times 1.5 and 2.5 of their phase (curve 41), to the “YES” signal transmitter 10 which, there is no fault emits a half-wave of current I (curve 42) by switching for a half-period the resistor 29.
  • the shunt 18 supplies at its terminals an image voltage of the current J in the circuit, so that at the time of reception of the signal "YES" an asymmetry of the order of 30% appears as shown at 43 of curve 44.
  • the counter 16 then gives the order to switch the image voltage of J on the integrator 17, by means of the switch 30 (curve 44).
  • the diodes 31 then charge the capacitors 32 each for a half-period, these capacitors then having the voltages A and B.
  • curve 46 we see on curve 46 that the voltage A begins to decrease at time 1 to return to zero at time 4, then that curve 47 shows that voltage B begins to increase at time 2 and also returns to zero at time 4.
  • curve 44 voltage B increases much more than decreases voltage A , so that the output ⁇ of the differential amplifier 34 (curve 48) forms an essentially positive slot.
  • Comparator 35 corrects false zero and provides a logic 1 (curve 49) when a "YES" signal is received.
  • the counter 16 sends the reading order OL (curve 50) to the automaton between time 2.5 and time 4.
  • the value of the resistance 29 is calculated for each network in order to create a current demand as large as possible having regard to the need not to disturb the voltage wave too much.
  • the voltage drop must not be greater than 50% of the control voltage at the switching point to avoid disturbing the meters.
  • the compensation chokes 19 are preferably adjustable. Indeed, the departures and each of their phases have different characteristics and, moreover, the network structures can evolve as a result of extensions or operating maneuvers.
  • Self / network tuning can be done manually by operators from time to time, or can be done automatically by the controller using information from a sensor measuring the time offset of the voltage and current zeros.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring system for implementing the process. It comprises an individual appliance for each of the sources to be monitored and a central appliance, each individual appliance comprising: - a sensor of state (1, 2) of the source, - a logic circuit (3), - an identification memory (7), - a transmitter (10) connected to the power line of the source to modulate the control voltage, the central appliance comprising: - a response receiver (17) connected to the supply line of the source, and - a memory (15) associated with each source to store the response of this source. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système de surveillance des défaillances d'au moins une source lumineuse, plus particulièrement adaptés à la surveillance d'une pluralité de sources d'éclairage public.The present invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, more particularly suitable for monitoring a plurality of public lighting sources.

La surveillance de tels réseaux s'effectue généralement soit de nuit, ce qui constitue un inconvénient pour le personnel chargé de cette surveillance, soit de jour en maintenant le réseau sous tension, ce qui provoque une dépense d'énergie supplémentaire.Monitoring of such networks is generally carried out either at night, which is a drawback for the personnel responsible for this monitoring, or during the day by keeping the network energized, which causes additional energy expenditure.

Il s'agit de toute manière d'une opération onéreuse qui ne peut pas être réalisée tous les jours.In any case, it is an expensive operation which cannot be carried out every day.

On a par ailleurs proposé dans le document FR-A- 2591718 d'utiliser un photocomposant pour détecter les rayonnements émis par la source alors qu'elle est sous tension, et d'émettre un signal de défaillance sur sa ligne d'alimentation.It has also been proposed in document FR-A-2591718 to use a photocomponent to detect the radiation emitted by the source while it is energized, and to issue a fault signal on its supply line.

Bien que donnant d'une manière générale satisfaction, cet agencement présente l'inconvénient de nécessiter de travailler dans des gammes de fréquence musicales, ce qui impose la présence de filtres onéreux.Although generally satisfactory, this arrangement has the drawback of requiring work in musical frequency ranges, which imposes the presence of expensive filters.

La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.

A cet effet, l'invention a tout d'abord pour objet un procédé de surveillance des défaillances d'au moins une source lumineuse, caractérisé par le fait qu'après la fin du service de ladite source, on réalimente son réseau d'alimentation à l'aide d'une tension de contrôle alternative, que l'on détecte l'état de la source, que l'on module la tension de contrôle en fonction de l'état de la source, et que l'on capte la modulation en un point du réseau d'alimentation éloigné de la source.To this end, the invention firstly relates to a method for monitoring the failures of at least one light source, characterized in that after the end of the service of said source, its supply network is replenished using an AC control voltage, detect the state of the source, modulate the control voltage according to the state of the source, and pick up the modulation at a point in the supply network far from the source.

Plus particulièrement dans le cas d'une source à décharge, on utilise une tension de contrôle suffisamment faible pour que la source ne se réamorce pas, ce qui n'entraîne qu'une consommation d'énergie minime.More particularly in the case of a discharge source, a sufficiently low control voltage is used so that the source does not reboot, which causes only minimal energy consumption.

L'information est par conséquent acheminée par les câbles d'alimentation électriques, et pour les réseaux haute tension, par les transformateurs 220 volts/3000 volts, mais les filtres sont éliminés puisqu'il est maintenant possible d'utiliser une tension de contrôle ayant la même fréquence que la tension d'alimentation normale, par exemple 50 Hz. Le courant qui apparaît alors résulte des impédances des câbles, éventuellement des transformateurs, et des condensateurs individuels de compensation des ballasts (selfs disposés en série avec la lampe à décharge).Information is therefore routed through electrical power cables, and for high voltage networks, through 220 volt / 3000 volt transformers, but filters are eliminated since it is now possible to use a control voltage having the same frequency as the normal supply voltage, for example 50 Hz. The current which then appears results from the impedances of the cables, possibly of the transformers, and of the individual ballast compensation capacitors (inductors arranged in series with the discharge lamp) .

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, on peut, pour moduler la tension de contrôle, provoquer un appel de courant dans le réseau d'alimentation en connectant une résistance en parallèle avec la source.In a particular embodiment of the invention, it is possible, in order to modulate the control voltage, to generate a current demand in the supply network by connecting a resistor in parallel with the source.

Plus particulièrement, cette résistance peut être connectée pendant une demi-période de la tension de contrôle, la modulation résultante étant captée en intégrant le courant sur une période complète de cette tension de contrôle.More particularly, this resistor can be connected for half a period of the control voltage, the resulting modulation being picked up by integrating the current over a complete period of this control voltage.

En effet, la connexion de la résistance provoque une diminution de l'impédance, et par conséquent, une augmentation du courant pendant cette demi-période. Il en résulte une valeur non nulle de l'intégration du courant sur la période complète lorsque la modulation est appliquée, alors que l'intégration donne une somme nulle en l'absence de modulation.Indeed, the connection of the resistor causes a decrease in the impedance, and therefore, an increase in the current during this half-period. This results in a non-zero value of the integration of the current over the full period when the modulation is applied, while the integration gives a zero sum in the absence of modulation.

Dans le cas général où l'on souhaite surveiller une pluralité de sources, la modulation de la tension de contrôle peut être effectuée pour chaque source après un temps, postérieurement à la réalimentation du réseau, fonction d'un numéro d'ordre de la source, postérieurement à la réalimentation du réseau.In the general case where it is desired to monitor a plurality of sources, the modulation of the control voltage can be carried out for each source after a time, after the network is replenished, depending on a serial number of the source , after the network has been replenished.

La présente invention a également pour objet un système de surveillance pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un équipement individuel pour chacune des sources à surveiller, et un équipement central, chaque équipement individuel comprenant :
-un capteur d'état de la source, et
-un émetteur connecté sur la ligne d'alimentation de la source pour moduler la tension de contrôle,
et l'équipement central comprenant :
-un récepteur de réponse connecté sur la ligne d'alimentation de la source, et
-une mémoire associée à chaque source pour mémoriser la réponse de cette source.The present invention also relates to a monitoring system for implementing the method described above, characterized in that it comprises individual equipment for each of the sources to be monitored, and central equipment, each individual equipment comprising :
a source state sensor, and
-a transmitter connected to the source supply line to modulate the control voltage,
and central equipment including:
a response receiver connected to the source supply line, and
a memory associated with each source to store the response of this source.

L'émetteur peut notamment comprendre une résistance et un commutateur pour connecter la résistance au réseau d'alimentation pendant une demi-période en fonction de l'état de la source, le récepteur comprenant un intégrateur pour intégrer le courant pendant une période.The transmitter may in particular comprise a resistor and a switch for connecting the resistor to the supply network for half a period depending on the state of the source, the receiver comprising an integrator for integrating the current for a period.

De préférence, chaque équipement individuel comprend au moins une mémoire pour mémoriser l'état de la source associée.Preferably, each individual item of equipment includes at least one memory for storing the state of the associated source.

Chaque équipement individuel peut en outre comprendre, plus particulièrement, un capteur de température disposé à proximité de la source, par exemple un thermocouple, l'inertie thermique des sources conservant la trace du fonctionnement pendant environ 5 minutes après l' extinction du réseau.Each individual item of equipment may furthermore comprise, more particularly, a temperature sensor disposed near the source, for example a thermocouple, the thermal inertia of the sources keeping track of the operation for approximately 5 minutes after the network has been switched off.

Dans le cas de la surveillance d'une pluralité de sources, chaque équipement individuel, de même que l'équipement central, comprennent un compteur, l'émetteur de chaque équipement individuel étant agencé pour être activé au bout d'un temps, après la réalimentation du réseau, fonction d'un numéro d'ordre de la source.When monitoring a plurality of sources, each individual device, as well as the central device, includes a counter, the transmitter of each individual device being arranged to be activated after a time, after the network has been replenished, as a function of a serial number of the source.

L'équipement central peut également comprendre un synchro-coupleur pour réalimenter le réseau à un instant prédéterminé.The central equipment can also include a synchro-coupler to replenish the network at a predetermined time.

On décrira maintenant à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • - la figure 1 représente un équipement individuel selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 2 représente un équipement central selon l'invention,
  • - la figure 3 est un schéma électrique d'un mode de réalisation d'un équipement individuel,
  • - la figure 4 est un schéma électrique d'un mode de réalisation d'un équipement central, et
  • - la figure 5 est un diagramme séquentiel des signaux relevés sur les circuits des figures 3 et 4.
A particular embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents an individual item of equipment according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents a central item of equipment according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of an embodiment of an individual item of equipment,
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram of an embodiment of central equipment, and
  • FIG. 5 is a sequential diagram of the signals detected on the circuits of FIGS. 3 and 4.

Les dispositifs représentés aux dessins permettent la télésignalisation des défaillances individuelles des lampes à décharge d'un réseau d'éclairage public haute tension ou basse tension.The devices shown in the drawings allow remote signaling of individual failures of discharge lamps from a high voltage or low voltage public lighting network.

Chaque candélabre du réseau comporte un équipement individuel alors que l'équipement central est logé dans le poste haute-tension du réseau d'éclairage ou dans l'armoire basse-tension.Each candelabra in the network has individual equipment while the central equipment is housed in the high-voltage substation of the lighting network or in the low-voltage cabinet.

L'équipement individuel de la figure 1 comprend un capteur 1 associé à une mémoire pour mémoriser une défaillance de la lampe, et un capteur 2 pour détecter une défaillance du condensateur de compensation du ballast.The individual equipment of FIG. 1 comprises a sensor 1 associated with a memory for memorizing a failure of the lamp, and a sensor 2 for detecting a failure of the ballast compensation capacitor.

Ces deux capteurs sont reliés à un circuit logique 3 alimenté par une alimentation 4 connectée au réseau électrique d'alimentation 5 de la lampe, placé pendant la phase test des candélabres sous une tension de contrôle alternative à 50 Hz, mais d'amplitude suffisamment faible pour éviter le réamorçage des lampes.These two sensors are connected to a logic circuit 3 supplied by a supply 4 connected to the electrical supply network 5 of the lamp, placed during the candelabra test phase under an alternative control voltage at 50 Hz, but of sufficiently low amplitude. to avoid re-ignition of the lamps.

Le circuit logique 3 comprend un compteur 6 qui compte les demi-­ondes positives de la tension de contrôle appliquée au réseau 5.The logic circuit 3 includes a counter 6 which counts the positive half-waves of the control voltage applied to the network 5.

Une mémoire 7 contient le numéro du candélabre associé à l'équipement individuel, qui sera activé au bout d'un temps proportionnel à ce numéro d'ordre.A memory 7 contains the number of the candelabrum associated with the individual equipment, which will be activated after a time proportional to this order number.

A cet effet, les sorties du compteur 6 et de la mémoire 7 sont comparées dans un comparateur 8 qui permet, par l'intermédiaire d'une porte ET 9, de valider un émetteur de signal "OUI" 10.To this end, the outputs of the counter 6 and of the memory 7 are compared in a comparator 8 which makes it possible, via an AND gate 9, to validate a "YES" signal transmitter 10.

L'autre entrée de la porte ET 9 reçoit la sortie d'une porte NI 11 à l'entrée de laquelle sont appliquées les sorties des capteurs 1 et 2.The other input of the AND gate 9 receives the output of an NI gate 11 at the input of which the outputs of the sensors 1 and 2 are applied.

Par conséquent, si aucune défaillance n'a été relevée ni dans la lampe ni dans le condensateur, la sortie de la porte 11 est à 1, de sorte que, lorsque le contenu du compteur 6 est égal à un multiple prédéterminé du numéro d'ordre contenu dans la mémoire 7, l'émetteur 10 émet sur la ligne 5 un signal "OUI" indiquant que ce candélabre est en ordre.Consequently, if no fault has been detected either in the lamp or in the capacitor, the output of the gate 11 is at 1, so that, when the content of the counter 6 is equal to a predetermined multiple of the number of order contained in memory 7, the transmitter 10 sends on line 5 a "YES" signal indicating that this candelabra is in order.

Le capteur 1 mémorisant la défaillance de la lampe peut utiliser un thermocouple fixé sur la partie chaude du candélabre, associé à un amplificateur.The sensor 1 memorizing the failure of the lamp can use a thermocouple fixed on the hot part of the candelabrum, associated with an amplifier.

L' inertie thermique des lampes conserve la trace du fonctionnement environ 5 minutes après l'extinction du réseau, permettant au capteur de fournir alors un 1 logique, dans le cas où la lampe a effectivement été allumée pendant la durée de fonctionnement immédiatement précédente.The thermal inertia of the lamps retains the trace of operation approximately 5 minutes after the network has been switched off, allowing the sensor to then supply a logic 1, in the event that the lamp has actually been lit during the immediately preceding operating time.

Le capteur de défaillance du condensateur peut utiliser une mesure de l'intensité absorbée par la capacité sous la tension de contrôle pour fournir alors également un 1 logique.The capacitor failure sensor can use a measurement of the current absorbed by the capacitor under the control voltage to then also provide a logic 1.

On verra ci-après comment peut être réalisé l'émetteur de signal "OUI".We will see below how the "YES" signal transmitter can be made.

Si l'on se réfère maintenant à la figure 2, l'équipement central comprend un synchrocoupleur 12 permettant d'appliquer la tension de contrôle provenant d'une source 13 sur une des phases 14 du réseau. Cette tension de contrôle est appliquée à un instant déterminé de la période pour réaliser le meilleur compromis entre les oscillations spatio-temporelles de l'onde de tension et les composantes apériodiques du courant longues à s'amortir.Referring now to Figure 2, the central equipment comprises a synchrocoupler 12 for applying the control voltage from a source 13 on one of the phases 14 of the network. This control voltage is applied at a determined time in the period to achieve the best compromise between the spatio-temporal oscillations of the voltage wave and the aperiodic components of the current which are long to absorb.

Un automate 15 commande le basculement du synchrocoupleur 12 et permet par ailleurs de gérer les signaux transmis en réponse dans les équipements individuels.An automaton 15 controls the switching of the synchrocoupler 12 and also makes it possible to manage the signals transmitted in response in the individual devices.

A cet effet l'automate est relié d'une part à un compteur 16 comptant lui aussi les demi-périodes positives de la tension de contrôle, de manière à savoir en permanence à quel équipement individuel et donc à quel candélabre correspond le signal reçu.To this end the automaton is connected on the one hand to a counter 16 also counting the positive half-periods of the control voltage, so as to know permanently which individual equipment and therefore which candelabrum corresponds to the received signal.

Ce signal est reçu par un récepteur de signaux "OUI" 17 connecté sur un shunt 18 transformant en variations de tension les variations de courant apparaissant dans la ligne 14. Ce récepteur 17 sera décrit plus en détail ci-après.This signal is received by a "YES" signal receiver 17 connected to a shunt 18 transforming into voltage variations the current variations appearing in line 14. This receiver 17 will be described in more detail below.

En l'absence de réponse à un instant où une réponse est attendue, l'automate 15 mémorise dans un ensemble de mémoires à un bit, une indication de défaillance correspondant au candélabre dont le numéro d'ordre est fourni par le compteur 16.In the absence of a response at a time when a response is expected, the automaton 15 stores in a set of one-bit memories, an indication of failure corresponding to the candelabrum whose serial number is provided by the counter 16.

L'équipement central de la figure 2 comprend enfin une self de compensation 19 dont la fonction sera également décrite ci-après.The central equipment of FIG. 2 finally comprises a compensation choke 19 whose function will also be described below.

Dès la fin du service, l'équipement central met en place la tension de contrôle sur le réseau. L'apparition de cette tension est interprétée par les équipements individuels comme un ordre d'avoir à répondre à l'instant qui leur est imparti en fonction de leur numéro d'ordre.As soon as the service ends, the central equipment sets up the control voltage on the network. The appearance of this voltage is interpreted by the individual devices as an order to have to respond to the instant allocated to them according to their order number.

On remarquera par ailleurs que cette tension de contrôle sert de base de temps pour synchroniser les équipements individuels et l' équipement central qui compte les demi-ondes positives.It will also be noted that this control voltage serves as a time base for synchronizing the individual equipment and the central equipment which counts the positive half-waves.

Il a également déjà été vu que cette tension de contrôle était utilisée pour tester les condensateurs de compensation.It has also already been seen that this control voltage was used to test the compensation capacitors.

On verra maintenant en référence aux figures 3 et 4 que la tension de contrôle joue enfin le rôle de porteuse modulée en amplitude par les équipements individuels pour la transmission des informations.It will now be seen with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 that the control voltage finally plays the role of carrier amplitude modulated by the individual devices for the transmission of information.

On voit sur la figure 3 la ligne d'alimentation 20 sur laquelle la lampe à décharge 21 d'un candélabre est connectée par l' intermédiaire d'un transformateur 22. La lampe 21 est allumée par l'intermédiaire d'un ballast 23, c'est-à-dire d'une self connectée en série avec la lampe, et d'un amorceur 24. Un condensateur de compensation 25 est branché en parallèle avec la lampe 21 pour compenser la réactance du ballast 23.FIG. 3 shows the supply line 20 to which the discharge lamp 21 of a candelabrum is connected by means of a transformer 22. The lamp 21 is lit by means of a ballast 23, that is to say an inductor connected in series with the lamp, and an initiator 24. A compensation capacitor 25 is connected in parallel with the lamp 21 to compensate for the reactance of the ballast 23.

La figure représente l'équipement individuel 26 comprenant le compteur précité 6 et les circuits logiques représentés dans leur ensemble par 27. Par ailleurs, un commutateur 28, réalisé par exemple sous la forme d'un thyristor, permet de connecter en parallèle sur la ligne d'alimentation 20 une résistance 29 lorsque l'équipement individuel doit envoyer un signal "OUI". Le commutateur 28 et la résistance 29 constituent par conséquent l'émetteur de signal "OUI" 10 représenté schématiquement à la figure 1.The figure shows the individual equipment 26 comprising the aforementioned counter 6 and the logic circuits represented as a whole by 27. Furthermore, a switch 28, produced for example in the form of a thyristor, makes it possible to connect in parallel on the line supply 20 a resistor 29 when the individual equipment must send a "YES" signal. The switch 28 and the resistor 29 therefore constitute the "YES" signal transmitter 10 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1.

Si l'on se réfère maintenant à la figure 4 les mêmes références que celles de la figure 2 ont été utilisées pour les éléments identiques.If reference is now made to FIG. 4, the same references as those of FIG. 2 have been used for the identical elements.

Le shunt 18 est relié au récepteur de signaux "OUI" 17 par l'intermédiaire d'un commutateur 30 commandé par le compteur 16 pendant une période, fermé à intervalles réguliers, par exemple toutes les 4 périodes.The shunt 18 is connected to the “YES” signal receiver 17 by means of a switch 30 controlled by the counter 16 for a period, closed at regular intervals, for example every 4 periods.

La tension aux bornes du shunt 18 est alors intégrée séparément sur ses deux demi-périodes, à l'aide de deux diodes 31 et de deux condensateurs 32.The voltage across the shunt 18 is then integrated separately over its two half-periods, using two diodes 31 and two capacitors 32.

Les sorties des condensateurs 32 sont amplifiées dans des amplificateurs 33 dont les sorties sont appliquées à un amplificateur différentiel 34. Un comparateur 35 permet de détecter si la sortie de l'amplificateur différentiel 34 est suffisamment différente de zéro, ce qui signifie qu'un signal "OUI" a bien été adressé par l'équipement individuel du candélabre en cours de test.The outputs of the capacitors 32 are amplified in amplifiers 33, the outputs of which are applied to a differential amplifier 34. A comparator 35 makes it possible to detect whether the output of the differential amplifier 34 is sufficiently different from zero, which means that a "YES" signal has been sent by the individual equipment of the candelabrum being tested.

La figure 5 représente dans sa partie gauche le cas de la réception d'un signal "OUI" signifiant que le candélabre est en état de fonctionnnement, et dans sa partie droite le cas d'une absence de réponse signifiant soit que le candélabre est défaillant, soit que l'équipement individuel lui-même auquel il est associé est hors d'usage.FIG. 5 represents in its left part the case of the reception of a “YES” signal signifying that the candelabrum is in working condition, and in its right part the case of an absence of response signifying either that the candelabrum is faulty , or that the individual equipment itself with which it is associated is out of use.

Le synchrocoupleur 12 établit la tension de contrôle à l'instant zéro, comme montré par la courbe 40 (on suppose que le candélabre testé est celui du numéro d'ordre 1). La self de compensation 19 est choisie de telle sorte que les tensions Y et v aux bornes des compteurs 6 et 16 soient en phase, puisque ces compteurs doivent compter les périodes de manière synchrone.The synchrocoupler 12 establishes the control voltage at time zero, as shown by curve 40 (it is assumed that the candelabrum tested is that of order number 1). The compensation choke 19 is chosen so that the voltages Y and v at the terminals of the counters 6 and 16 are in phase, since these counters must count the periods synchronously.

Les compteurs 6 de chaque équipement individuel sont décalés de 4 périodes et envoient chacun un ordre S entre les temps 1,5 et 2,5 de leur phase (courbe 41), à l'émetteur de signal "OUI" 10 qui, s'il n'y a pas de défaillance émet une demi-onde de courant I (courbe 42) en commutant pendant une demi-période la résistance 29.The counters 6 of each individual item of equipment are shifted by 4 periods and each send an order S between times 1.5 and 2.5 of their phase (curve 41), to the “YES” signal transmitter 10 which, there is no fault emits a half-wave of current I (curve 42) by switching for a half-period the resistor 29.

Le shunt 18 fournit à ses bornes une tension image du courant J dans le circuit, de sorte qu'au moment de la réception du signal "OUI" une asymétrie de l'ordre de 30% apparaît comme représenté en 43 de la courbe 44.The shunt 18 supplies at its terminals an image voltage of the current J in the circuit, so that at the time of reception of the signal "YES" an asymmetry of the order of 30% appears as shown at 43 of curve 44.

Le compteur 16 donne alors l'ordre de commuter la tension image de J sur l'intégrateur 17, par l'intermédiaire du commutateur 30 (courbe 44).The counter 16 then gives the order to switch the image voltage of J on the integrator 17, by means of the switch 30 (curve 44).

Les diodes 31 chargent alors les condensateurs 32 chacun pour une demi-période, ces condensateurs présentant alors les tensions A et B. On voit sur la courbe 46 que la tension A commence à décroître au temps 1 pour revenir à zéro au temps 4, alors que la courbe 47 montre que la tension B commence à croître au temps 2 pour également revenir à zéro au temps 4. Toutefois, du fait de l' asymétrie relevée dans la courbe 44, la tension B croît beaucoup plus que ne décroît la tension A, de sorte que la sortie Σ de l'amplificateur différentiel 34 (courbe 48) forme un créneau essentiellement positif.The diodes 31 then charge the capacitors 32 each for a half-period, these capacitors then having the voltages A and B. We see on curve 46 that the voltage A begins to decrease at time 1 to return to zero at time 4, then that curve 47 shows that voltage B begins to increase at time 2 and also returns to zero at time 4. However, due to the asymmetry noted in curve 44, voltage B increases much more than decreases voltage A , so that the output Σ of the differential amplifier 34 (curve 48) forms an essentially positive slot.

Le comparateur 35 permet de corriger les faux zéro et fournit un 1 logique (courbe 49) en cas de réception d'un signal "OUI".Comparator 35 corrects false zero and provides a logic 1 (curve 49) when a "YES" signal is received.

Le compteur 16 envoie l'ordre de lecture OL (courbe 50) à l' automate entre le temps 2,5 et le temps 4.The counter 16 sends the reading order OL (curve 50) to the automaton between time 2.5 and time 4.

Enfin le compteur 16 envoie l'ordre de remise a zéro des tensions A et B (courbes 51) entre les temps 4,5 et 5,5.Finally the counter 16 sends the order to reset the voltages A and B (curves 51) between the times 4.5 and 5.5.

Sur la partie droite des courbes, la demi-onde d'intensité due à la commutation de la résistance 29 est absente, l'asymétrie entre les tensions A et B ne se produit pas, de sorte que le signal "OUI" n'est pas émis et que l'automate enregistre ainsi une information de défaillance.On the right-hand side of the curves, the half-wave of intensity due to the switching of the resistor 29 is absent, the asymmetry between the voltages A and B does not occur, so that the signal "YES" is not not emitted and the PLC thus records fault information.

On notera que la valeur de la résistance 29 est calculée pour chaque réseau afin de créer un appel de courant aussi important que possible eu égard à la nécessité de ne pas trop perturber l'onde de tension.It will be noted that the value of the resistance 29 is calculated for each network in order to create a current demand as large as possible having regard to the need not to disturb the voltage wave too much.

A titre d'exemple, la chute de tension ne doit pas être supérieure à 50% de la tension de contrôle au point de commutation pour ne pas perturber les compteurs.For example, the voltage drop must not be greater than 50% of the control voltage at the switching point to avoid disturbing the meters.

En ce qui concerne les selfs de compensation 19, elles sont de préférence ajustables. En effet, les départs et chacune de leurs phases ont des caractéristiques différentes et, de surcroit, les structures des réseaux peuvent évoluer par suite d' extensions ou de manoeuvres d'exploitation.As regards the compensation chokes 19, they are preferably adjustable. Indeed, the departures and each of their phases have different characteristics and, moreover, the network structures can evolve as a result of extensions or operating maneuvers.

L'accord self/réseau peut être fait manuellement par les exploitants de temps à autre, ou peut être fait automatiquement par l'automate utilisant les informations d'un capteur mesurant le décalage temporel des zéros de tension et de courant.Self / network tuning can be done manually by operators from time to time, or can be done automatically by the controller using information from a sensor measuring the time offset of the voltage and current zeros.

Diverses variantes et modifications peuvent bien entendu être apportées à la description qui précède sans sortir pour autant du cadre ni de l'esprit de l'invention.Various variants and modifications can of course be made to the above description without departing from the scope or the spirit of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. Procédé de surveillance des défaillances d'au moins une source lumineuse, caractérisé par le fait qu'après la fin du service de ladite source, on réalimente son réseau d'alimentation à l'aide d'une tension de contrôle alternative, que l'on détecte l'état de la source, que l'on module la tension de contrôle en fonction de l'état de la source, et que l'on capte la modulation en un point du réseau d'alimentation éloigné de la source.1. Method for monitoring failures of at least one light source, characterized in that after the end of service of said source, its supply network is re-energized using an alternating control voltage, that the state of the source is detected, the control voltage is modulated according to the state of the source, and the modulation is sensed at a point in the supply network distant from the source . 2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite source est une source à décharge, et que la tension de contrôle est suffisamment faible pour que la source ne se réamorce pas.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said source is a discharge source, and that the control voltage is low enough that the source does not reboot. 3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que, pour moduler ladite tension de contrôle, on provoque un appel de courant dans le réseau d'alimentation en connectant une résistance en parallèle avec la source.3. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, to modulate said control voltage, a current is caused in the supply network by connecting a resistor in parallel with the source. 4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'on connecte ladite résistance pendant une demi-période de ladite tension de contrôle, et que l'on capte la modulation résultante en intégrant le courant sur une période de cette tension de contrôle.4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said resistor is connected for half a period of said control voltage, and that the resulting modulation is picked up by integrating the current over a period of this voltage of control. 5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 4, pour la surveillance d'une pluralité de sources, caractérisé par le fait que la modulation de la tension de contrôle est effectuée pour chaque source après un temps, postérieurement à la réalimentation du réseau, fonction d'un numéro d'ordre de la source.5. Method according to any one of claims 1 and 4, for monitoring a plurality of sources, characterized in that the modulation of the control voltage is carried out for each source after a time, after the recharging of the network, function of a serial number of the source. 6. Système de surveillance pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend un équipement individuel pour chacune des sources à surveiller et un équipement central, chaque équipement individuel comprenant
-un capteur d'état (1,2) de la source, et
-un émetteur (10) connecté sur la ligne d'alimentation de la source pour moduler la tension de contrôle,
l'équipement central comprenant :
-un récepteur de réponse (17) connecté sur la ligne d'alimentation de la source, et
-une mémoire (15) associée à chaque source pour mémoriser la réponse de cette source.6. Monitoring system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises individual equipment for each of the sources to be monitored and central equipment, each individual equipment comprising
a source status sensor (1,2), and
a transmitter (10) connected to the source supply line to modulate the control voltage,
central equipment including:
a response receiver (17) connected to the source supply line, and
a memory (15) associated with each source for storing the response of this source. 7. Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que ledit émetteur comprend une résistance (29) et un commutateur (28) pour connecter la résistance au réseau d'alimentation pendant une demi-période de la tension de contrôle en fonction de l'état de la source, et que le récepteur de réponse comprend un intégrateur (31,34) pour intégrer le courant pendant une période.7. System according to Claim 6, characterized in that the said transmitter comprises a resistor (29) and a switch (28) for connecting the resistor to the supply network for half a period of the control voltage as a function of the state of the source, and that the response receiver includes an integrator (31,34) for integrating current for a period. 8. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé par le fait que chaque équipement individuel comprend au moins une mémoire pour mémoriser l'état de la source.8. System according to any one of claims 6 and 7, characterized in that each individual item of equipment comprises at least one memory for storing the state of the source. 9. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que chaque équipement individuel comprend un capteur de température (1) disposé à proximité de la source.9. System according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that each individual item of equipment comprises a temperature sensor (1) disposed close to the source. 10. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que chaque équipement individuel et l' équipement central comprennent un compteur (6,16), l'émetteur de chaque équipement individuel étant agencé pour être activé au bout d'un temps fonction d'un numéro d'ordre de la source après la réalimentation du réseau.10. System according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that each individual item of equipment and the central item of equipment comprises a counter (6,16), the transmitter of each individual item of equipment being arranged to be activated at the end of a time depending on a serial number of the source after the network is replenished. 11. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'équipement central comprend un synchro-compteur (12) pour réalimenter le réseau à un instant prédéterminé.11. System according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the central equipment comprises a synchro-counter (12) for replenishing the network at a predetermined instant.
EP89401668A 1988-06-15 1989-06-14 Process and device for detecting failures of at least one light source Withdrawn EP0347317A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8808017 1988-06-15
FR8808017A FR2633140B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1988-06-15 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING FAILURES OF AT LEAST ONE LIGHT SOURCE

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EP0347317A1 true EP0347317A1 (en) 1989-12-20

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DK (1) DK291689A (en)
FR (1) FR2633140B1 (en)
PT (1) PT90837A (en)

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EP0415662A2 (en) * 1989-08-29 1991-03-06 Teknoware Oy An arrangement for supervising the condition of a safety light system
FR2658613A1 (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-08-23 Cheylus Jacques Coded function detector
EP0445773A2 (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Lamp circuit with disconnected lamp detecting device
EP0453659A1 (en) * 1990-04-25 1991-10-30 TELEKRON S.r.l. Apparatus for picking-up and transmitting failure signals in installations comprising several lamps in parallel, especially for public lighting systems
EP0458155A2 (en) * 1990-05-19 1991-11-27 ABBPATENT GmbH Monitoring process and device for parallel connected lamps
FR2668674A1 (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-04-30 Leclercq Claudine Method and device for monitoring the state of lighting units in a public lighting network
WO1992016086A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-17 Mutual Systems Ltd. Monitoring apparatus and system
EP0576098A2 (en) * 1992-06-26 1993-12-29 Ingenieria De Sistemas De Control S.A. System of transmission of information about the state of loads connected to an electric line
FR2693276A1 (en) * 1992-07-03 1994-01-07 Electr Entreprises Fault monitoring equipment e.g. three=phase parallel connected public lighting system - changing state of mechanical bistable relay when abnormal operation is detected, using low voltage to identify installation through time delay and interrogating voltage to detect operation of earth contactor
EP0893941A2 (en) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-27 Elektrobau Oschatz GmbH & Co. KG Process and system for operating and monitoring via their power distribution network discontinuously driven electrical loads
GB2392326A (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-02-25 Christopher Laurie Malthouse System for monitoring street lighting
ES2276641A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2007-06-16 Sociedad Española De Construcciones Electricas, Sa Device and system for control of light points in public lighting networks

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EP0048192A1 (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-03-24 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Arrangement for automatically checking a plurality of indicating lamps
EP0051854A1 (en) * 1980-11-11 1982-05-19 AEG KABEL Aktiengesellschaft Failure-indicating circuit for a current load connected over an electronic switching device
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0415662A3 (en) * 1989-08-29 1992-05-20 Teknoware Oy An arrangement for supervising the condition of a safety light system
EP0415662A2 (en) * 1989-08-29 1991-03-06 Teknoware Oy An arrangement for supervising the condition of a safety light system
FR2658613A1 (en) * 1990-02-19 1991-08-23 Cheylus Jacques Coded function detector
EP0445773A3 (en) * 1990-03-06 1992-12-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Lamp circuit with disconnected lamp detecting device
EP0445773A2 (en) * 1990-03-06 1991-09-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Lamp circuit with disconnected lamp detecting device
EP0453659A1 (en) * 1990-04-25 1991-10-30 TELEKRON S.r.l. Apparatus for picking-up and transmitting failure signals in installations comprising several lamps in parallel, especially for public lighting systems
EP0458155A2 (en) * 1990-05-19 1991-11-27 ABBPATENT GmbH Monitoring process and device for parallel connected lamps
EP0458155A3 (en) * 1990-05-19 1992-06-17 Abb Patent Gmbh Monitoring process and device for parallel connected lamps
FR2668674A1 (en) * 1990-10-26 1992-04-30 Leclercq Claudine Method and device for monitoring the state of lighting units in a public lighting network
WO1992016086A1 (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-09-17 Mutual Systems Ltd. Monitoring apparatus and system
EP0576098A2 (en) * 1992-06-26 1993-12-29 Ingenieria De Sistemas De Control S.A. System of transmission of information about the state of loads connected to an electric line
EP0576098A3 (en) * 1992-06-26 1995-01-25 Ingenieria De Sistemas De Cont System of transmission of information about the state of loads connected to an electric line.
FR2693276A1 (en) * 1992-07-03 1994-01-07 Electr Entreprises Fault monitoring equipment e.g. three=phase parallel connected public lighting system - changing state of mechanical bistable relay when abnormal operation is detected, using low voltage to identify installation through time delay and interrogating voltage to detect operation of earth contactor
EP0893941A2 (en) * 1997-07-21 1999-01-27 Elektrobau Oschatz GmbH & Co. KG Process and system for operating and monitoring via their power distribution network discontinuously driven electrical loads
EP0893941A3 (en) * 1997-07-21 2000-12-13 Elektrobau Oschatz GmbH & Co. KG Process and system for operating and monitoring via their power distribution network discontinuously driven electrical loads
GB2392326A (en) * 2002-08-20 2004-02-25 Christopher Laurie Malthouse System for monitoring street lighting
ES2276641A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2007-06-16 Sociedad Española De Construcciones Electricas, Sa Device and system for control of light points in public lighting networks
WO2008096023A1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-14 Sociedad Española De Construcciones Eléctricas, S.A. Device and system for control of light points in public lighting networks

Also Published As

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FR2633140B1 (en) 1996-04-26
PT90837A (en) 1989-12-29
DK291689D0 (en) 1989-06-14
DK291689A (en) 1989-12-16
FR2633140A1 (en) 1989-12-22

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