FR2625075A1 - Hearth, particularly open air hearth to be built in - Google Patents

Abstract

Hearth consisting of an enclosure 1 forming a base 6 which is partly used as a cooking zone 7 in the vicinity of which combustion takes place, and a vault 13 provided with an inlet 2 facing the cooking zone 7 and of a chimney 4. A single combustion zone 9 is provided in the vicinity of the cooking zone 7, the vault 13 forming a half-dome 14 over this combustion zone 9 whilst its walls 11, 12 close to the cooking zone 7 are slightly inclined inwards. The enclosure 1 is a multi-layer single-shell body which comprises a refractory internal layer 15, a fibrous expansion intermediate layer 16, and an insulating external layer 17.

Description

OVEN, AND IN PARTICULAR OUTDOOR OVEN TO BE BUILT IN.

The invention relates to an oven consisting of an enclosure forming a hearth partially used as a cooking zone in the vicinity of which combustion takes place, and a vault provided with an inlet facing the cooking zone and a chimney at above.

Ovens of this type are currently favored by users, artisans and especially individuals who build them or have them built in their garden to cook pizzas or other tastier dishes when they are prepared over a wood fire, most often in embedding them in structures comprising various cooking means.

However, their popularization comes up against a certain number of drawbacks.

The traditional shape that is given to them implies symmetry with respect to their entry and gives them a large size which requires building them in traditional refractory materials using a delicate technique. They are therefore heavy, bulky, bulky and above all not transportable and very expensive. Finally, because of their mass, their temperature rise is slow and leads to a significant consumption of fuel, aggravated by the dissipation of calories in a volume useless for cooking and by poor circulation of hot gases.

The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks, and to do this a single combustion zone is provided in the vicinity of the cooking zone, the vault forming a half-d & e on this combustion zone while its walls are close from the cooking zone are at least approximately perpendicular to the hearth and preferably slightly inclined inwards.

It is understood that these provisions have the effect of reducing the size of the oven which is less bulky, lighter, easier to build and less expensive. The hot gases circulate better since they only have available the space located above the hearth and above the food to be cooked. The walls close to the cooking zone contribute to the heating of the food by heat radiation. Cooking is more homogeneous and faster and significant fuel savings can be achieved.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the. combustion zone and the half-d8me are located laterally with respect to the cooking zone and the entrance, the walls at least approximately perpendicular to the hearth being on the opposite side and at the rear.

This arrangement allows easier access to the combustion zone.

According to yet another important improvement coming within the scope of the invention, the enclosure is a monolayer multilayer structure preferably comprising an refractory inner layer, an intermediate layer of fibrous expansion and an insulating outer layer.

There is thus an oven which can be prefabricated according to rational methods and which is therefore of a cost price still considerably reduced and of a particularly easy installation, which makes it possible to envisage the marketing on a scale of modern circuits.

An embodiment of the invention is now described by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a view from the front of an oven according to the invention; and FIG. 2 is a view of this oven in vertical section parallel to the front in the median plane of the oven, seen from the rear.

The furnace shown is constituted by a monocoque structure 1 provided with an inlet 2 on its facade 3 and with a chimney 4 surrounded by a chimney body 5, arranged above the inlet 2.

The monocoque structure I comprises a sole 6 which extends to the right of the entry 2 to form a cooking zone 7 on which a dish 8 is represented, and on one of its sides, here the left, to form a combustion zone 9 on which we see at 10 the fuel which is most often wood.

The monocoque structure 1 is completed by a side wall 11, a rear wall 12 and a roof 13. The side wall 1 1 is located here to the right of the entrance since the combustion zone 9 is on the left. It is slightly inclined inward like the rear wall 12 which follows it.

The vault 13 is formed by a part parallel to the hearth behind the chimney 4, and by a half-dome part 14 above the combustion zone 9.

As best shown in Figure 2, the monocoque structure 1 is multilayer and includes an inner refractory layer 15 followed by an intermediate layer 16 also refractory which acts as an insulating mat allowing free thermal expansion of the inner layer without alteration of the outer facing layer 17
For example, the inner layer can be composed of a binder in the form of electro-molten aluminous cement, containing between 25 and 30% by volume of expanded glass beads, between 65 and 70%.

chamotte at 40 S of alumina, and the complement in micromized clay, the ceramization of the whole being obtained in about one day by heating in adequate successive stages up to 1000 "C.

The intermediate layer 16 can be a simple layer of mineral fibers.

Finally, the outer layer 17 may consist of low density mortar or of polyester resin loaded at 300% envion with grains of silica and dolomite, and with dye.

This oven is used in a conventional manner. After preliminary heating by the fuel 10, generally wood, placed on the combustion zone 9, the dish ô is introduced on the cooking zone 7 in the preheated oven and the cooking takes place as the combustion continues.

It is clear from Ia FIG. 2 that no space in the oven remains unused, the circulation of the gases according to the arrows which schematize it taking place without turbulence along the half-vault 14 towards the chimney 4, which provides heating. regular and uniform in association with the heat radiated by the side walls 1 1 and rear 12. The cooking is therefore faster, more uniform and more economical, all the more so since the minimal heat loss ensures a rapid rise in temperature and a very good yield.

But above all, thanks to its asymmetrical shape, the oven is less bulky and less heavy, which makes it possible to manufacture it in the factory by proven industrial processes and to market it by the usual circuits, including those of the large distribution, each user. can easily integrate it into a more complete structure or use it as it is.

Finally, despite its cost price much lower than that of traditional ovens, the oven according to the invention is of much greater longevity.

Claims (5)

 1. Oven consisting of an enclosure (1) forming a hearth (6) partially used as a cooking zone (7) in the vicinity of which combustion takes place, and a vault (13) provided with an inlet (2) facing to the cooking zone (7) and a chimney (4) above, characterized in that a single combustion zone (9) is provided in the vicinity of the cooking zone (7), the vault (13) forming a halfZome (14) on this combustion zone (9) while its walls (11, 12) close to the cooking zone (7) are at least approximately perpendicular to the hearth (6). 2. Oven according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (11, 12) of the vault (13) close to the cooking zone (7) are slightly inclined inwards.  3. Oven according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the. combustion zone (9) and the half-dome (14) are located laterally with respect to the cooking zone (7) and the inlet (2), the walls at least approximately perpendicular to the hearth (1 1, 12 ) located on the opposite side and at the rear. 4. Oven according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the enclosure (1) is a monolayer multilayer body. 5. Oven according to claim 4, characterized in that the enclosure (1) comprises an inner refractory layer (15) an intermediate layer of fibrous expansion (16) and an outer insulating and finishing layer (17).