FR2618047A1 - Multi-function agricultural machine which can be used as a silo unloader, dispenser, unroller, straw spreader, mixer and harvester/loader - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-function agricultural machine M which can be used as a silo unloader, dispenser, unroller for round bales, straw spreader, mixer and harvester/loader, of the type of that having a chassis 1 carried by two wheels 3, a skip 7 whose back, which can be placed on the ground, is made from an opening through which filling takes place by means of a loading member consisting of at least one silo-unloading rotor 14 mounted on a lifting device 10 articulated on an axle 9 located horizontally and transversely on the skip 7, unloading members being provided and consisting of a moving bottom 8 conveying the product stored in the skip towards an disentangling device comprising one or more spiked rolls 12, 13 feeding a device 14, 15, 16 for ejecting the said product. This machine is noteworthy in that on the one hand the disentangling device with its spiked rolls 12, 13 is retractable so as to be able either to close the rear opening of the skip 7 so as to receive, by backwards displacement of the moving bottom 8, the product contained in the said skip or to uncover the said opening in order to allow the insertion therein of a round bale, and in that on the other hand the ejection device is in total with the lifting device 10 and consists of at least one conveying channel 15 which is substantially vertical and can be positioned to the rear of and close to the disentangling device 12, 13 so as to be supplied by the latter via a cutout 17 made in the front wall of the said channel 15 itself located above the silo-unloading rotor.

Description

MULTIPURPOSE AGRICULTURAL MACHINE FOR USE AS A GRINDER, DISTRIBUTOR,
ROLLER, STRAWER, MIXER AND HARVESTER-LOADER
The present invention relates to agricultural skips usable as silage unloader, distributor, mixer, round bale unroller, straw blower, harvester-loader (possibly chopper, flail harvester), and allowing to perform such functions as
- silage extraction at any height from a silo,
- the food mixture,
- the distribution to animals of silage, fodder or feed mixtures,
- self-loading,., ent and ie unwinding of round bales,
- the projection of straw or other rour the production of litter in livestock buildings,
- cutting (possibly chopping), picking up and loading green fodder into an auxiliary skip, for animal feed according to the so-called "zero grazing" technique, that is to say: forage harvesting green and its distribution in a trough to avoid wastage due to trampling and excrement of animals in the pastures.

 - etc ...

The materials known to date make it possible to perform one, two, three, four or five of the six functions above and can be classified as follows
- materials with a function: each of those stated above,
- equipment with two functions: silo-distributor, mixer-distributor, straw-spreader,
- equipment with three functions: silage-mixer-distributor, silo-unwinder-distributor, silo-harvester, loader-distributor,
- equipment with four functions: silage uncoiler-straw-spreader-distributor,
- equipment with five functions silo unloader-mixer-unwinder-straw-mower-feeder.

Three of these materials are distinguished more particularly by their versatility and are each composed as follows
The silo-mixer-distributor is a semi-mounted trailer with variable chassis ground clearance. The rear of the bucket rests on the ground and is loaded by a silage cutter (or rotor) which drops the silage in longitudinal worms (called Archimedes) which convey the product in the bucket. These screws, often three in number, allow the silage to be mixed with other food inside the skip. Distribution to animals takes place laterally, on one side only. The major drawback of this type of machine is that it is very heavy and very expensive, in particular because of the huge dimension of the worms and the hydraulic entrainment of the silage rotor. This high cost is difficult to justify. given the limited number of functions on the one hand, and the impossibility of working with hay or palle (the long strands would wrap around the screws) on the other hand.

 The silo-harvester, loader-distributr-it is a semi-mounted trailer whose bucket is loaded by a vertically movable rear rotor and capable, on the one hand of picking cut or uncut forage from the ground and, on the other hand, extract the silage from a silo over the entire height of the latter. The product stored in the bucket can then be conveyed by a moving floor to unraveling hedgehogs and a transverse endless screw allowing to distribute the product from one side at a time.

This type of machine has the disadvantages of being very heavy and of a very high cost price which explains the reasons why it has never been sold. Again, this high cost is not justified given the limited number of functions which prohibits the unwinding of round bales, mulching and mixing.

 The most complete machine to date is the silo-mixer-unwinder-straw-spreader-distributor. -Appeared recently, it comes in the form of a seni-carried trailer with a variable ground clearance of the chassis. The rear of the bucket rests on the ground and is provided with an opening through which the filling is carried out by means of a rear unloading claw which, in addition to ensuring the pick-up at any height of a silo for dropping the silage, also ensures the loading of round bales in the bucket. A moving floor conveys the product contained in the bucket, to a disentangling device located at the front and made up of hedgehogs which propel the product in a turbine with a longitudinal axis of large diameter. This latter is fitted with ventilation blades evolving in a circular fairing provided with two tangential orifices, one of which is arranged laterally and the other vertically.

The lateral opening is extended by a deflector flap allowing, when it is lowered, to deflect the product towards the ground in order to distribute it in a trough for example. The erasure of this flap upwards also allows the lateral projection of straw tangentially to the turbine in order to mulch livestock buildings. The vertical opening is surmounted by a fixed chute which channels the product, escaping vertically and tangentially from the turbine, towards the bucket in order to create a closed circuit which ensures mixing. A system to conceal one or the other of these two orifices is provided in order to be placed either in the distribution-mulching function, or in the mixing function. This type of machine is without context the most sophisticated but nevertheless has some drawbacks.

The silage by claw is of very poor quality because it shakes the leading edge of the silo and causes an oxygen penetration into the silage which then undergoes a refermentation harmful to its quality. Manufacturers have tried to overcome this drawback by adding reciprocating and rotary saw cutting devices to the claw: but these devices are expensive and above all very fragile. On the other hand, this type of machine is heavy and expensive because it includes a rear silage device to which is added a device before disentangling-mixing-distribution and mulching. The device before mulching and distribution does not allow this to be done. work only on one side, which requires a round trip when the building has two rows of animals, or maneuvers to position the product outlet on the right side. Finally, this machine does not allow the harvesting and self-loading of green fodder for the practice of the so-called "zero grazing" technique. The use of an additional harvester-chopper-loader, more commonly called flail forage harvester, is therefore necessary, which leads to an adaptation of the latter either on another tractor, or laterally on the tractor towing the silage loader in order to load it. It is therefore unnecessary to specify the complications in the organization of the site, firstly by the obligation to purchase and maintain a special "zero grazing" machine, then by the need for coupling operations and successive uncoupling of tools, and finally by the problem of road transport of the forage harvester, especially if it is lateral to the tractor.

 The agricultural bucket according to the invention is versatile and makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks of previous machines by using a machine, either carried by the three-point hitching system of a tractor, either semi-carried or self-propelled. , of the type comprising a variable ground clearance of the chassis, a preformed bucket at the rear (which can be placed on the ground) of an opening through which filling is carried out by means of a loading member consisting of at least one silage rotor mounted on a lifting device articulated on an axis disposed horizontally and transversely on the bucket. Unloading members are provided and consisting of a moving bottom which conveys the product stored in the bucket to a disentangling device comprising one or more hedgehogs feeding a device for ejecting this product.

According to the invention, this grab is remarkable in that:
- the disentangling device on the one hand, is retractable so as to be able to either close the rear opening of the bucket so as to receive, by moving the moving floor backwards, the product contained in the bucket, or unmask said opening to allow the introduction, for example, of a round bale,
- and the ejection device on the other hand, is integral with the device for lifting the silage rotor and consists of at least one substantially vertical conveying channel which can be positioned behind and close to the disentangling device, so as to be, when the time comes, supplied by the latter through a cutout made in the front wall of said channel itself located above the unloading rotor and tangentially to it in order to be strongly ventilated by ventilation blades arranged on the periphery of the latter in association with cutting members so as to allow said silage rotor to cut and / or collect forage from the ground, to extract silage over the entire height of a silo and propel these products in the routing channel surmounted by a device allowing the orientation of the product jet, either in the bucket, or outside of it or more generally in a horizontal plane.

 According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the retraction of the above disentangling device is carried out by the device for raising the silage rotor and the ejection device of which it is integral.

 According to another preferred embodiment, the aforesaid routing channel consists of two substantially vertical hoods, arranged side by side so that each of them opens at their base on the one hand, tangentially above the silage rotor on the other hand at their top, below a chute, and finally by the cut-out in their face opposite the bucket, on the disentangling device. Each of the two ducts can be rotated independently of each other by a rotational movement about their vertical axis passing through the center of the top of the hood. A trunking extension can be provided on each trough so as to come in extension from the neighboring chute when the two chutes are oriented laterally in the same direction, each extension being provided at their outlet with a deflector flap making it possible to orient the jet of product in a vertical plane.

 According to a variant of the invention, the machine is provided at the front and at the top of its bucket, with an endless screw arranged transversely in a bucket in order to improve visibility during distribution. This screw is supplied with product by the jet of the chutes and also ensures the deposit of the product received either on the right or on the left.

 According to another variant of the invention, accompanying buckets are provided laterally to the conveying device in order to channel the product towards a trough disposed on the ground.

 According to a variant of the invention, the cutout, formed in the front wall of the routing channel, is provided with a closure device.

 According to another variant of the invention, the front and rear directions of the bucket are reversed when the machine is self-propelled.

 According to another variant of the invention, the above-mentioned conveying device is provided with at least one turbine for accelerating the jet of product.

 According to another variant of the invention, the lowering on the ground of the rear of the bucket is effected by a U-turn of two side idlers combined with the elevation of the front of the bucket which, towed at the rear of a tractor is liftable by the connecting rods or three-point hitch system of the latter.

 The machine of the present invention has the great advantage of using the same members for the different functions.

 Other advantages and other characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, giving by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, an embodiment of a machine respecting the fundamental concepts of the invention.

On these drawings
FIG. 1 is a view on the left side of such a machine showing the chutes facing forward,
FIG. 2 is a rear view of said machine showing the chutes oriented laterally to the right,
FIG. 3 is a side view of said machine in the unloading position,
Figure 4 is a side view showing said machine in the self-loading harvester position.

 As illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the machine of the invention, referenced M as a whole, consists of a chassis 1 provided at the front with a drawbar 2 intended for the connect to a tractor and laterally, two wheels 3 each mounted on a support arm 4. The latter is mounted oscillating (arrow Al) around an axis 5 under the action of a jack 6 in order to allow the lowering on the ground or the lifting of the rear of the chassis 1 (the end of the drawbar 2 connected to the tractor remaining at constant height). The chassis 1 is surmounted by a bucket 7 provided with a moving floor 8, of the type of that with lateral drive chains connected together by transverse bars. This bucket is closed at the front by a transverse wall and open at the rear. It supports at its top front point an axis 9 serving as a point of articulation (as shown by arrow A2 in FIG. 3) to a device elevation consisting of two arms 10 which, driven by jacks 11, support a disentangling device 12, 13, an unloading rotor 14 with its fairing, two hoods 15 and two orientable chutes 16.

 According to one characteristic of the invention, the disentangling device 12-13 consists of two hedgehogs 12 and 13 with substantially horizontal axes of rotation, arranged one above the other, transversely to the bucket 7, so to come close the back of the latter, when the lifting device 10 is lowered. These hedgehogs rotate in opposite directions to each other with a speed ratio ranging from approximately a simple to double between the upper hedgehog 13 and the lower hedgehog 12, so that the jet of product projected by the latter is ascending and directed towards the cutouts 17 made in the two hoods of the conveying channel 15.

 The silage rotor 14 is disposed behind and slightly below the lower hedgehog 12 in a manner substantially parallel to the latter. Referring to the view on the left side of the machine (see figures.

 1, 3 and 4), it will be noted that the lower hedgehog 12 and the silage rotor 14 are both rotated in a clockwise direction. On the other hand, the silage rotor 14 is partially surrounded by two fixed fairing portions 18 and 19, by a removable hatch 20 and by an automatically retractable protective casing 21.

 These elements are arranged so as to leave sufficient openings allowing the silage rotor 14 to come into contact with the silage of the silo as shown in FIG. 3, or the fodder present on the ground as shown in FIG. 4.

 On the other hand, the removable hatch 20 and the faired portion 18 avoiding the escape by centrifugation of the product stirred by the rotor 14, force this product to go to the hoods 15. Advantageously, the interior of the faired portion 18- is provided with a deflector 22 with a variable inclination and forming a "venturi" in order to create a suction at the entry of the cutouts 17 of the hoods 15.

 The removable hatch 20 (necessary during the unloading operation shown in Figure 3 in order to avoid the escape of the desiled product) must be removed when using the machine in self-loading harvester (see Figure 4 ) so that the forage can access the rotor 14.

 The faired portion 19 and the protective casing 21, which retracts automatically when the machine is being unloaded (see FIG. 3), serve them for the safety of the user.

 The two hoods 15 are shaped so that their base, on the one hand, of substantially rectangular shape, has a larger section than their apex of polygonal shape approaching a circle and so that the cutout 17 of on the other hand, formed in their front wall, is located opposite and approximately halfway up the hedgehogs 12 and 13 of the disentangling device.

 According to a particularly advantageous characteristic of the invention, each hood 15 is integral with its set, the lower element of a ball ring 23 comprising an upper element integral with a chute 16 to allow its orientation in a plane horizontal. The troughs 16 have a curved face allowing the product jet to be brought back from the vertical trajectory to a horizontal trajectory.

 On the other hand, each chute 16 is surmounted by an extension 24 which is in the form of a profile provided, on the one hand, with an inlet intended to be placed facing the outlet of the neighboring chute when these two troughs are oriented laterally in the same direction, and on the other hand, an outlet provided with a deflector flap 25 allowing orientation in a vertical plane of the product jet, that it comes out of the chute or the extension surmounting it. The longitudinal axis of each extension is inclined upward from the inlet to the outlet; this in order to allow a greater projection distance, in particular for mulching.

 According to a variant of the invention, the upper hedgehog 13 and possibly the lower hedgehog 12 comprise, in addition to the shredding teeth and conventional cutting members, portions of worm screw arranged in their middle and / or ends, so as to channel laterally the product towards the cutouts 17 of the hoods 15 in order to avoid jams between the two cutouts 17 or between one of them and one side of the bucket 7. To achieve the same goal, profiles forming a funnel are provided at the entrance to the cutouts 17.

 The PTO of the tractor towing the bucket 7 by means of the drawbar 2, drives, by means of a cardan shaft, a gearbox 2e which sets in motion the rotation of a lateral pinion 27. The latter ensures, by means of a chain 28, the rotation of a pinion 29 wedged on the axis 9. A pigeon 30 also mounted on the axis 9 and integral with the same rotational movement as the pinion 29 causes, via a chain 31, the rotation of a pinion 32 (wedged on the upper hedgehog tree 13), counterclockwise if we refer to the figure 1, then that of a pinion 33 (wedged on the lower hedgehog tree 12) of smaller diameter. This chain 31 then returns to the pinion 30 passing over a tensioner 34. The shaft carrying the pinion 33 also carries a large diameter pulley 35 which, via at least one belt 36, drives a pulley 37 of smaller diameter wedged on the shaft of the rotor 14. Preferably, this mechanical transmission is provided with a torque limiter and a free wheel allowing a gradual stop of the rotor 14 launched at high speed.

 According to a variant, the drives of the hedgehogs 12 and 13 of the disentangling device can be disengageable independently of that of the rotor 14.

 The moving floor 8 is also driven in both directions, either mechanically by means of a reduction gear, for example of the toothed wheel and ratchet type, or by a hydraulic motor 38, possibly geared down by a pair of pinions 39 and 39 'connected by a chain 40. In the event of hydraulic drive, an adjustable flow divider with priority channel is provided in order to vary the speed of the motor 38. The priority output of this divider then feeds the hydraulic distributor for controlling the hydraulic motor 38, while the non-priority output supplies the other control distributors for jacks 6 and 11. These jacks, preferably single acting, are fitted with parachute valves preventing a sudden fall of the member supported by them in the event of hydraulic hose rupture. The jacks 11 are, for their part, provided with a unidirectional flow limiter making it possible to brake and regulate the speed of descent of the arms 10 of the lifting device. The hydraulic power required is preferably supplied by the hydraulic unit of the tractor.

 The versatile agricultural machine (M) of the invention operates as follows.

 To operate silage cutter as shown in Figure 3, the machine M at the rear of the bucket 7 which is placed on the ground by the elevation control of the wheels 3 by means of the jacks 6. The arms 10 of the device elevation are raised by the jacks 11: The rotary members 12, 13, 14 of the hedgehogs and of the rotor are set in motion by the power take-off of the tractor. The casing 21 is automatically retracted when the arms 10 are lowered by rotation about the axis 21 'coming into abutment on the silo S.

The cutting members of the rotor 14 cut the silage of the silo S and the ventilation blades propel it into the hoods 15 and the chutes 16 which, by their orientation towards the front and by the position of the deflector flaps 25, channel the silage in the bucket 7. The moving floor 8 can optionally be set in motion forward so as to promote the compaction of the product in the bucket.

 To operate as a mixer, the machine M takes the configuration of that of FIG. 1. The operator adds additional food to the bucket 7. The moving floor 8 brings the products contained in the bucket 7 to the hedgehogs 12 and 13 which propel them into the cutouts 17 of the hoods 15 at an ascending angle obtained thanks to the higher speed of the lower hedgehog 12 compared to that of the upper hedgehog 13. The ventilation blades of the rotor 14 create an upward flow of air which propels these products at the top of the hoods 15 and in the troughs 16 which, placed in the same position as for the silage unloader, spit out the products in the bucket 7 thus causing mixing in closed circuit.

 To operate as a vending machine as shown in FIG. 2, the machine M operates in the same way as above except that the troughs 16 are oriented laterally, either both to the right, or both to the left, or the one on the right and the other on the left. When they are oriented and laterally on the same side, the product leaving the chute farthest from the distribution point passes through the extension 24 surmounting the chute closest to this distribution point. The deflector flap 25 closest to the dispensing point is preferably lowered in order to deflect the jet of product downwards.

 To operate as a round bale unroller, the machine M is placed in the lowered position on the ground in front of a large bale, as for the unloading operation (see FIG. 3). The arms 10 of the lifting device are raised and their lowering causes the re-entry of the round bale into the bucket 7; said round bale being arranged so as to be able to roll in said bucket. The lower hedgehog 12 then rotating at low speed is positioned so as to come into contact with the round bale in order to drive it in rotation to help it enter the bucket 7. The machine is then raised and the round bale can be distributed in the same way as the silage was above.

 To operate as a straw blower, the machine M operates in the same way as in a vending machine, except that the deflector flaps 25 are positioned substantially parallel to the extensions 24 so as to allow the jet to reach a greater distance.

 To operate as a self-loading harvester, the machine M takes the configuration of that of FIG. 4, that is to say partially lowered to the ground. The removable hatch 20 is removed so as to allow the forage to access the rotor 14 which cuts it and / or picks it up to propel it into the bucket 7 by the hoods 15 and the chutes 16 in forward orientation. The lateral orientation of these chutes can even allow the loading of an auxiliary trailer.

 The present invention is particularly suitable for everything related to animal feeding and mulching of their stall areas.

 We understand that the machine M, which has just been described and shown above, was for a better disclosure? that of a limitation.

Of course, various arrangements, modifications and improvements can be made to the above example, without however departing from the scope of the invention taken in its broadest aspects and spirit. It is useful to specify that certain technical details of implementation have not been raised in the present description because these add nothing more to the understanding of the fundamental concepts of the invention and in addition will be easily arranged by a man of job.

 In order to allow a better understanding of the drawings, a list of references with their legends is listed below.

M .............. Machine
S .............. Silo
1 .............. Chassis
2 .............. Drawbar
3 .............. Load wheels
4 .............. Wheel support arm 3
5 .............. Articulation axis of the support arm 4
6 .............. Cylinder controlling the movement of the support arm 4
7 .............. Tipper
8 .............. moving floor of the bucket 7
9 .............. Articulation axis
10 ............. Articulation arm on axis 9
ll Cylinders controlling the articulation of the arms 10 around
of axis 9 12,13 - Lower and upper hedgehogs of the
untangling 14 ......., ..... Silage rotor 15 ............. Hoods 16 ............. Adjustable troughs overcoming the crown 23 17 ............. Cut-outs in the hoods 15 18,19 .......... Two fixed fairing portions of the rotor 14 20 ...... ....... Detachable rotor hatch 14 21 ............. Retractable protective housing for rotor 14 21 '............ casing articulation 21 22 ............. "Venturi" flap of the fairing 18 23 ............. Ball crown 24 ....... ...... Extension of the trunking 16 25 ............. Deflector flap of the c4 extensions 26 ............. Corner gearbox 27 ............. Side sprocket 28 ............. Chain connecting sprockets 27 and 2 29,30,32,33 .... Sprockets 31 ............. Chain connecting the sprockets 30, 32 and 33 34 ............. Chain tensioner 31 35, Pulley wedged on the sprocket 33 36 ............. Belt connecting the pulleys 35 and 37 37 ............. Pulley wedged on the axis of the rotor 14 38 Hydraulic motor ensuring the unfolding bottom acement
shifting 8 39.39 '......... Torque of motor pinions 38 40 ............. Chain connecting pinions 39 and 39'
Arrow Al ...... Movement of the support arm 4 around its axis 5
Arrow A2 ...... Articulation movement of the arms 10 on the axis 9

Claims (18)

 1. Multipurpose agricultural machine usable as silage unloader, distributor, round bale unroller, straw blower, mixer and harvester - loader, said machine being towed by the three-point hitch of a tractor or semi-mounted or self-propelled, of the type that comprising a frame (1) carried by two wheels (3) with a variable ground clearance, a bucket (7) whose rear, which can be placed on the ground, is provided with an opening through which filling is carried out by means of a loading member consisting of at least one unloading rotor (14) mounted on a lifting device (10) articulated on an axis (9) disposed horizontally and transversely on the bucket (7), members of unloading being provided and consisting of a moving floor (8) conveying the product stored in the bucket to a disentangling device comprising one or more hedgehogs (12, 13) feeding an ejection device (14, 15, 16) of said product, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT on the one hand, the di detangling spositif with its hedgehogs! 12, 13) is retractable so as to be able either to close the rear opening of the bucket (7) so as to receive, by displacement towards the rear of the moving floor (8), the product contained in said bucket, either unmask said opening to allow the introduction of a round bale, AND BY THE FACT THAT on the other hand, the ejection device is integral with the elevation device (10) and is constituted at least one substantially vertical conveying channel (15) which can be positioned behind and close to the disentangling device (12, 13) so as to be supplied by the latter via a cutout (17) made in the front wall of said channel (15) itself situated above and tangentially to the silage rotor (14) so as to be strongly ventilated by ventilation blades arranged on the periphery of the latter in association with cutting members so to also allow said silage rotor (14) to cut th t / or collect forage from the ground, extract silage at any height from a silo and propel these products into the channel (15) surmounted by a device (16) allowing the orientation of the jet of product, either in the bucket (7) or outside of it or in a horizontal plane  2. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the retraction of the disentangling device (12, 13) is carried out by the elevation device (10) of the unloading rotor (14) and of the ejection device ( 14, 15, 16) of which it is integral.  3. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the aforesaid conveying channel consists of two hoods (15), substantially vertical, arranged side by side so that each of them opens, on the one hand at its base, tangentially above the silage rotor (14), on the other hand at its top, below a chute (16), and finally by the cutout (17) formed in its face opposite the bucket (7), on the disentangling device (12, 13), each of the two troughs (16) being orientable independently of the other by rotation about the vertical axis passing through the center of the top of the hood (15 ) and having a curved face making it possible to bring the jet of product from the vertical trajectory towards a horizontal trajectory and being surmounted by an extension (24) being in the form of a profile provided, on the one hand, with a inlet intended to come on to place opposite the outlet of the neighboring trough when these two troughs are oriented laterally. ent in the same direction, and on the other hand, an outlet which, defining with the upward inclined uniaxial inlet, is provided with a flap-deflector t25) allowing the orientation in a vertical plane of the jet of product.  4. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above disentangling device consists of two hedgehogs (12 and 13) with substantially horizontal axes of rotation, arranged one above the other transversely to the grab (7) and turning in opposite directions to each other with a speed ratio going approximately from the simple to the double between the upper hedgehog (13) and the lower hedgehog (12) so that the jet of product projected by the latter is ascending and directed towards the cutout (17) of the routing channel (15).  5. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the lowering to the ground of the rear of the bucket (7) is effected by a U-turn of two side idlers combined with the elevation of the front the bucket which, towed at the rear of the tractor, can be lifted by the connecting rods of the latter's three-point hitch system.  6. Machine according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above-mentioned silage rotor (14), disposed behind and slightly below the lower hedgehog 12, is partially surrounded by two fixed fairing portions (18 and 19), a removable hatch (20) and an automatically retractable protective casing (21>.  7. Machine according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above moving floor (8) of the bucket (7) is driven in both directions front-rear and rear-front. FACT THAT the top front of the bucket (7) is provided with an endless screw arranged transversely in a bucket and is supplied with product by the jet of the chutes (16).  8. Machine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE  9. Machine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the top front point of the above-mentioned bucket (7) supports an axis (9) serving as a point of articulation for an elevation device consisting of two arms (10) which, moved by jacks (11), support the untangling device (12, 13), the unloading rotor (14), the two hoods (15) and the two adjustable chutes (16).  10. Machine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above conveying device is provided with at least one turbine for accelerating the jet of product.  11. Machine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the two hoods (15) are each shaped so that their base, on the one hand, of substantially rectangular shape, has a larger section than their apex of polygonal shape approaching a circle and so that the cutout (17) on the other hand, formed in their front wall, is provided with a closure device and is located opposite and approximately halfway up the hedgehogs (12 and 13) of the disentangling device.  12. Machine according to claims 1, 2 and 3, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT sections forming a funnel are provided at the entrance to the cutouts 17 to avoid jams between the latter two.  13. Machine according to all of claims 1 to 12, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT each hood (15) is integral at its top with the lower element of a ball ring (23) comprising an upper element integral with the chute (16) to allow its orientation in a horizontal plane.  14. Machine according to claims 1 and 4, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT at least one of the hedgehogs (12 and 13) comprises, in addition to the shredding teeth and conventional cutting organs, portions of worm screw arranged in their middle and / or ends, so as to channel the product laterally towards the cutouts (17) - hoods (15).  15. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 14, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the PTO of the tractor towing the bucket (7) drives, by means of a cardan shaft, a gearbox with angle transmission (26) which sets in motion the rotation of a pinion lateral (27), which ensures, by means of a chain (28), the rotation of a pinion (29) wedged on the aforesaid axis (9), a pinion (30) also mounted on the axis (9 ) and integral with the same rotational movement as the pinion (29) causing, via a chain (31), the rotation of a pinion 32 (wedged on the axis of the upper hedgehog 13) then that of a pinion (33) (wedged on the axis of the lower hedgehog 12), said chain (31) then returning to the pinion (30) passing over a tensioner (34) whose shaft carries a pulley (35) which drives , by means of at least one belt (36), a pulley (37) wedged on the rotor (14).  16. Machine according to claims 1, 4, 14 and 15 taken together, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the above-mentioned lower hedgehog! 12) of the disentangling device has a slower rotation speed than that of the upper hedgehog (13) and is positioned so as to come into contact with the round ball in order to entrain it. rotation to help it enter the bucket (7).  17. Machine according to claims 1, 4, 14, 15 and 16 taken together, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the drives of the two lower hedgehogs (12) and upper (13) are disengageable independently of that of the rotor (14).  18. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 17, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT the faired portion (18) of the rotor (14) is provided with a deflector (22) with a variable inclination and forming "venturi" in order to create a suction at the entry of the cutouts! 17; hoods (15).