FR2611197A1 - Sewage purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for purifying sewage before spreading or discharging into a liquid medium, combining in a single enclosure the three components necessary for the three successive treatments. It consists of an enclosure 1 divided by partitions of suitable height into three zones intended: the first, 7, for the separation of fats, the second, 8, for the usual biochemical decomposition in a septic tank, the third, 9, for filtration. Cleaning of the fat separation zone can be performed, like that of the septic tank, through the manhole 5, but at different times. The enclosure, always ballasted, never tends to rise out of its housing in the ground. Water from which fat has been separated is combined (arrow 13) with the foul water in the septic tank where the latter arrives directly through the entries 3, 4. The fatty water does not come into contact with the matter from the foul water. After settling, the water flows (arrow 15) into the filtration zone.

Description

 The present invention relates to a device for purifying waste water before spreading or discharging it into a liquid medium, combining in a single enclosure the three treatments necessary for this purification.

 According to the rules and customs in force this purification requires three successive treatments. First of all, the domestic water must be degreased by passing it through a grease trap, which must be cleaned approximately every six months.

Secondly, the water thus degreased must join the water: valves in a septic tank where they are commonly subjected to a decantation treatment originating from decomposition under the action of bacteria. This pit must be cleaned approximately every five years. Finally, between this water treatment pit:.: Valves and household appliances and the natural environment it is essential to install either a decolloid filter, in the case of a return to the soil by spreading, or a percollator pre-filter in the case of a return to a hydraulic medium. In a first form of installation these three treatments are carried out in three separate devices. Their installation e> :: ige earthworks at levels :: different to allow the establishment of these with the slope necessary for proper operation . Defects frequently occur in this work, causing "out-of-level" and "counter-slopes", which are the most frequent causes of dysfunctions in purification systems.

 To remedy this drawback, various manufacturers have developed devices combining the three above-mentioned devices in a single enclosure. In these devices degreasing and decanting of water>: valves are carried out in the same enclosure, starting from the if applicable, from two separate arrivals. The fats remain on the surface, while the materials reach the bottom by gravity, and the residual water, then leaves them, at the high outlet, passing through a filter.

 Now such devices. if they eliminate the risks associated with earthwork faults, they present various drawbacks.

On the one hand the periodic withdrawal of fats, which must be done every six months, can no longer be distinguished from the withdrawal of materials, which can only occur every five years; they are necessarily so mu 1 tanned since the two: <: constituents are superimposed in all or almost all of the enclosure.

They must therefore both intervene every six months, which increases the cost for the user.

 Furthermore, during this double emptying, the enclosure thus lightened both of greases and of materials tends to come back together, which then requires an incubator replacement; alternately. it must be laid itself, during installation on a concrete slab to which it is strapped, which obviously leads to an additional cost to one investment.

 Finally, the dimensions of the enclosure obviously reduce the possible dimension of the filter insofar as it is a separate device. Even if it is a 500 cm3 decolloidator, it is difficult to hold; a fortiori when it is a percollator prefilter of 1600 cm3. A second external filter must then be added to the enclosure, which considerably increases the cost of the installation.

 The device according to the intervention overcomes these drawbacks. The single enclosure, retaining the advantage of the combination of the three treatments necessary for purification, is divided into three distinct parts and separated by walls, where the three treatments are carried out. The first third of the enclosure is intended at the separation of fats; a first look allows the separate semi-annual cleaning. in the second third of the enclosure, decanted water and sludge water are decanted; the same look allows access to it separately for the five-year cleaning. Finally, in the last third, filtration takes place in a space that complies with: -: standards; a second look allows you to access it if necessary.

 The enclosure can be enlarged at will by e> :: ample by modifying the mold, when it is made of plastic, in order to enlarge both the septic tank and the filter, in the case where the quantity of effluents 1 'required. 1 device allows both "high" and "low" output, which the usual similar devices do not allow. In fact, in these prior devices, in the event of a "low" outlet, the decanted materials, which occupy the entire bottom of the enclosure, could risk polluting the liquid medium.

 Figure 1 r shows, in section, the device according to the invention in its variant intended for 1 purification for spreading; Figure 2 shows the mëm3 device in top view. Figure 3 shows the device according to the invention in its variant intended for purification for flow in hydraulic medium; Figure 4 shows the latter device in top view.

 The device shown in Figure t includes an enclosure 1, which can come in any lighter material than concrete; when it is made of plastic, it can be manufactured by molding in three parts: a roughly cylindrical central body and two end caps, in the shape of a cap, ground separately, and then assembled by heat sealing on the central part, after placement of the inner walls 18 and 18 ', 19 and 19' and 20. This manufacturing method, which is not the only one, makes it possible to lengthen the mold of the central part at will in order to give the enclosure the necessary dimensions, depending on the size of the effluents.

The fatty water enters the enclosure by the arrival 2 ', while the sluice enters it by one or two arrivals 3 and 4. A first look 5 allows to access separately the two thirds located on the left in the particular realization described, the third of enclosure 7 intended for the separation of greases and the second third of enclosure 8 serving as a septic tank. The second sight 6 allows direct access to the third filtration 9. The residual water flows through the outlet 10. In this first variant of the device intended for spreading, the filter is a decolloidator, which, taking into account the 'layout specific to the invention, can easily be the required dimensions. The water: fatty arriving by 2 in the separator 7 (arrow 11) accumulates, according to the common process, in floating 12 above the water These then join (arrow 1: 3), by the space of about 5 cm located between the walls 18 and 18 'the valve waters reached by 3 or 4 in the pit :: 3, in which the usual bacterial process takes place. Materials 14 accumulate at the bottom. >> Residual water then passes (arrow 15) through the space between 19 and 19 'of about 5 cm in the filtration zone 9 from which it leaves filtered (arrow 16) through outlet 10, and flows towards the spreading area. In the variant presented in>: Figures 3 and 4, the filtration zone has become a larger percolator pref i lter that the arrangement of the device makes it possible to integrate. The purified residual water can be discharged at the low outlet 10 (arrow 16 ') or, thanks to a pump 17, be returned (arrow 16) to the high outlet 10. In the case of water, the water is then directed towards the hydraulic medium, rainwater collector or watercourse
The separating walls 19 and 18 ′, 19 and 19 ′ and 20 can be in any suitable space, and have any suitable shape and size ensuring the flows in accordance with the shema. The advantages of the device according to the invention, compared to> :: cs tetral devices of nilme typ are as follows. By the sight 5 it is possible to clean separately the grease separation zone 7 and the septic tank R, with a different periodicity. During these cleanings the enclosure remains weighted and does not tend to rise out of its housing, without it being necessary to attach it to any support slab. Similarly, the filter 9 can be treated separately by the sight glass 6.

 On the other hand, fatty waters and greases are never in contact with black water and materials. Finally, the particular arrangement of the device makes it possible to integrate all the filters of whatever dimension, er, in particular by lengthening the enclosure.

 The device according to the invention is more particularly intended for the treatment of residential wastewater, but it can also be used without departing from the invention, for any industrial or urban treatment of the same nature, requiring the succession of treatment by gravity and floating, analogous to degreasing and a treatment by decantation, with chemical or biological process, insofar as the objective is to carry out these treatments inside the same enclosure, without the waters, both stages, are in contact with each other, with the possibility of separate cleaning of the two parts of the enclosure.

Claims (4)

 1) Device intended for the purification of waste water, mainly coming from a habitat, comprising a phase of separation of greases, a phase of decantation by biochemical decomposition and a phase of filtration, all three united in the same enclosure, characterized by the fact that, thanks to a @ material separation of the three phases, the water: fatty does not come into contact with the water> :: valves, so that the cleaning of grease can intervene separately from the cleaning of the septic tank itself .  2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the access to the separator and to the septic tank is constituted by the same common sight, a second sight allowing access to the filter.  3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the third zone is in itself a filter, which allows to give the said filter the necessary dimensions, given the importance of the flun to be treated, without having to respond if necessary, add additional filtering to the outside  4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that still remaining weighted, mëm3 dura. .t emptying, because they can be carried out separately, the enclosure does not tend to rise above ground, during these empties.