FR2608692A1 - IMPULSE ACTION HYDROEJECTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

MINE EQUIPMENT. PULSE ACTION HYDROEJECTOR CONTAINING A HYDROPNEUMATIC ACCUMULATOR 1, PUT INTO COMMUNICATION WITH THE INPUT TUBING 2 OF THE OSCILLATION GENERATOR 3, HAVING A BODY 4 IN WHICH IS AVAILABLE A MAIN PISTON 5, FORMING, IN THE SAME-6, A , DOWNSTREAM OF SEAT 35 AND A FIRST CAVITY 7, PISTON SIDE, CONNECTED TO A SOURCE 8 OF CONSTANT PRESSURE AND A SECOND HYDROPNEUMATIC ACCUMULATOR 9 BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM IN THE CAVITY 11 IS LOCATED THE FIRST PISTON 13 12 WITH A TIE COOPERATES WITH THE FIRST PISTON 5 AND SHAPES A FIRST CAVITY 14, ROD SIDE, SEPARATED FROM THE FIRST CAVITY 7, PISTON SIDE, BY A PARTITION 15 AND CONNECTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE, WHILE CAVITY 11 BELOW DIAPHRAGM 10 IS LOCATED IN COMMUNICATION THROUGH A BY-PASS 17 TUBE WITH THE 19 OUTLET TUBING. PERFECTED HYDRAULIC BLOWER BARREL.

Description

The present invention relates to the hydraulic technique

  with impulse action and, in particular, the impulse action hydrojets used in

hydraulic felling cannons.

  The invention can be used in industry

  mining, in the demolition of rocks by pulsating jets

  high pressure and industry

  for the cleaning of thermoenergetic elements

  group of boilers in power plants.

  An impulse hydroejector is known (see U.S.S. 735765, Int.

  E 21 C 25/60 published in the Bulletin "Discoveries, invented

  tions, utility models, trademarks "n 19 - 1980

  Oonetsky polytekhnichesky institute) with accumula-

  hydropneumatic nozzle, mounted on a supply line and connected by a line to an oscillation generator having a body housing a hollow piston, which forms therein an evacuation closing chamber and an opening chamber as well as low and high pressure chambers, and a mechanism for controlling the displacement of the hollow piston in the form of a

  air chamber shared by a diaphragm in two cavities.

  One of these cavities is filled with compressed gas while the other communicates the high pressure chamber, through a variable resistance choke valve, with the vent opening chamber and, through a valve , to the atmosphere. The low pressure chamber is placed in communication with an evacuation nozzle and the high pressure chamber is connected to a working nozzle and to the

  driving connecting the hydropneumatic accumulator

  and oscillator generator.

  The operation of the pulsed hydroéjecteur is based on the acceleration of a liquid in the pipe between the hydropneumatic accumulator and

  the generator of oscillations through the evacuation nozzle

  and the subsequent braking of the liquid flow at

the working nozzle.

  This device is characterized by a capacity of destruction of the insufficiently high water jet, because

the power of the jet is limited.

  A hydroéjecteur with impulse action is also known

  (see U.S.S.S.S.Convention No. 116,161, published in the Bulletin "Discoveries, Inventions, Utility Models, Trademarks" No. 36, 1964, GOSUDARSTVENNY

  SOJUZNY ZAVOD PO MEKHANICHESKOY KHIMICHESKOY OCHISTKE

  KOTOLOAGREGATOV "KOTLOOCHISTKA") with accumulator

  hydropneumatic connected to the inlet manifold of the genera-

  oscillator, having a body in which is disposed a main piston, forming therewith a cavity downstream of the seat and a cavity, piston side, connected to a source

  constant pressure and a second hydropneumatic accumulator

  with a diaphragm, in the cavity below the diaphragm which is disposed a piston with a rod cooperating with the main piston which forms a cavity, rod side, separated from the cavity, piston side, by a partition and connected to the atmosphere while the cavity

  below the diaphragm is connected by a tube of by-

  pass comprising a throttling valve to the tubing of

exit and at the nozzle.

  The operation of the device is based on the accumulation of energy in the second hydropneumatic accumulator to a determined value followed by the subsequent ejection of a pulsating jet of liquid under

  high pressure and at maximum flow through the nozzle.

  This device is characterized by an insufficiently high liquid jet destruction capacity due to the delay in the formation of the high pressure pulse leading edge which does not result in a sudden application of a force to the leading edge but at a progressively increasing load. This disadvantage is due to the fact that with the determined ratios of the construction parameters of the seat and the nozzle, the seat and the main piston there may be a state in which an additional force acting on the main piston as a result of the action of the pressure in the cavity downstream of the seat on a portion of the section of the main piston can not compensate, to a sufficient extent, the frictional forces generated therein. The main piston can move away from the seat slowly which leads to a delay in the formation of the high pressure pulse leading edge in front of the nozzle, i.e. to a slow increase in pressure, and consequently, a reduction in the efficiency of the hydraulic felling. In addition, it is not excluded that the main piston takes a

  some intermediate position by staying constantly.

  in which the flow through the seat and the nozzle

  will be constant and the charge of the accumulator hydropneuma-

  Tick will be zero. This decreases the ability of the device

operation and reliability.

  It has been proposed to create an impulse hydroejector capable of forming an abrupt front flank of hydraulic impulses for the destruction of rocks with a sufficient rate of the efficiency of the hydraulic felling through the improvement of the generator. oscillations.

  The hydroéjecteur with immnipulsionnel action of the invention

  tion, comprises a hydropneumatic accumulator, placed in communication with the inlet manifold of an oscillation generator having a body in which is disposed a main piston forming, in the latter, a cavity downstream of the seat and a first cavity piston side, linked to

  a source of constant pressure and a second accumula-

  hydropneumatic nozzle with a diaphragm below which, in the cavity, is disposed the first piston with a rod cooperable with the main piston and forming the first cavity, rod side, separated from the first chamber, piston side, by a partition and connected to the atmosphere, the cavity below the diaphragm being communicated by a bypass tube, having a throttling valve, to the outlet pipe, a chamber for the formation of a pulse being provided in the body of the oscillation generator in which is disposed a second piston with a rod so that it can cooperate with the main piston and forming, in the impulse forming chamber, the second cavity, piston side, placed in communication with the outlet pipe by means of a bypass tube and the second cavity,

  rod side, connected to the atmosphere.

  According to a variant of the impulse section hydroéjecteur, the second cavity, rod side, of the chamber for the formation of a pulse is connected by a bypass tube, provided with a valve, to the cavity below. of the diaphragm of the second hydropneumatic accumulator. According to another variant of the impulse action hydroéjecteur, the second cavity, rod side, of the impulse formation chamber is connected to the atmosphere by another bypass tube equipped with

of a valve.

  Thus, in the hydroéjecteur impulse action is created by the realization of the chamber for the formation of a pulse and the provision in it, the second piston with rod that can cooperate with the main piston on the side of the inlet manifold and the communication of the second cavity, piston side, with the outlet manifold of the oscillation generator, an additional force acting on the main piston on the side of the inlet manifold. In this way, it ensures the distance sOr and fast the main piston from its seat while reducing hydraulic losses and ensuring a sudden increase in pressure in front of the nozzle, in other words, the stiffness of the leading edge of the impulse by raising, by this very fact, the effectiveness of the demolition of the rocks. In addition, by connecting the second cavity, rod side, to the cavity below the diaphragm, during closure of the seat made by the main piston, the increasing pressure is transmitted into the cavity below the diaphragm in the second cavity, rod side, separating from the main piston the second piston with rod mounted on the side of the inlet manifold and

  interrupting its interaction with said main piston.

  This reduces the force that prevents the main piston from moving to the seat and gives it a speed of movement during closing by eliminating its stop in the intermediate positions, thereby increasing the reliability and the ability of the hydroéjecteur to action

impulse to operation.

  The invention will be better understood and other purposes, details and advantages thereof will appear in the light

  of the following description of an embodiment

  given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the appended drawing showing an overall view, in section,

  of a hydroéjecteur impulse action according to the invention

  tion. The hydroéjecteur impulse action comprises a hydropneumatique accumulator 1 mounted in parallel on a line 40 of water supply provided, for example, with the aid of a booster pump not shown, and debiting

  on the water inlet tubing 2 of the oscillation generator

  3. The generator comprises a body 4 formed of a series of chambers, of general symmetry

  cylindrical around a single vertical axis A - A. The accumu-

  1 includes a diaphragm 31 undergoing the pressure of the interior air and the pressure of the water in the pipe

transmitted through the grid 32.

  At the bottom, if we admit that the hydro-

  ejector is installed vertically, a cylinder 21 or pulse forming chamber contains a piston 22

  said second piston which separates two rooms; 24, so-called second

  me cavity side rod and 26, said second cavity side rod.

  This piston 22 is extended by a rod 23 which passes, in a sealed manner, the wall 41 limiting the chamber 21

to the top.

  Immediately above the partition 41 limiting the chamber or the cylinder 21, is disposed a chamber 42,

  the same diameter as the chamber 21, constantly communicating

  cation with the inlet pipe 2 water. This chamber 42 ends at a seat on which can abut

  the frustoconical portion 43 of a piston 5, said main piston.

  This frustoconical part has a small base 47.

  The piston 5 can move, in a sealed manner, in a chamber 44, of diameter greater than the diameter of the

  chambers 21 and 42, bounded by an upper partition.

  When the frustoconical portion 43 of the piston 5 rests on the seat 35, this frustoconical portion 43 isolates, with the inner side wall of the chamber 44 and the seat 35 a cavity 6 called cavity downstream of the seat, constantly in communication by a pipe 19 outlet of water with the nozzle 20 for sending the water jet to pressure oscillations on the object to be treated. Between the upper part of the piston 5 and the partition 15 is a cavity 7, in communication, interruptible thanks to a valve 34, with

a source 8 of constant pressure.

  Above the partition 15 of the chamber 44 is a chamber 45, of diameter greater than the diameter of the chamber 44, separated by the piston 12, said first piston, into a chamber 14, said first stem-side cavity, and a chamber 11, said cavity under the diaphragm 10. This cavity 11 has a circular abutment 46 which can limit upward the stroke of the piston 12. The piston 12 is extended downwards by a rod 13 which passes through tightly, the partition 15 and can cooperate with the piston 5. The chamber 14 is constantly in communication

  with the atmosphere by at least one lateral orifice 16.

  Above Room 45 is a second accumula-

  hydropneumatic nozzle 9 having a diaphragm 10 undergoing the pressure of the indoor air and the pressure prevailing in

  the chamber 11 transmitted through the grid 33.

  The cavity is connected to the pipe 19 and the nozzle 20 via a bypass tube 17

  equipped with a throttle valve 18.

  A bypass 25 constantly communicates the

  tubing 19 and the nozzle 20 with the chamber 24.

  The cavity 11 can be put in communication, interruptible by a valve 28, with the chamber 26 by a bypass 27, connected in the cavity 11 above the stop 46. The bypass 27 is extended by a pipe 29 completed by a valve 30 which allows to put in the atmosphere

room 26 and room 11.

  The impulse hydroéjecteur works

as follows.

  The valve 34 is opened by connecting the first cavity 7, on the piston side, to the source 8 of constant pressure, for example, an oil pumping station. At this time, the valve 28 is open and the valve 30 on the bypass tube 29 is closed. Thus the cavity 11 below the diaphragm is communicated through the bypass tube 27 with the second cavity 26, rod side. Under the action of the constant pressure acting on the side of the first cavity 7 downstream of the seat from the constant pressure stroke 8, the main piston 5 is applied against the seat 35 by cutting off the flow of water from the inlet pipe 2 to the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 and then to the outlet pipe 19 and to the nozzle 20. This is why all the water arriving

  of the main pipe 40 fills the hydraulic accumulator

  1 and the inlet manifold 2 by acting on the diaphragm 31, away from the gate 32, and compresses

  the gas above the diaphragm 31. The hydraulic accumulator

  Pneumatic 1 is being loaded. At this moment, under the action of the pressures acting on the end faces of the rods 13 and 23 of the corresponding pistons 12 and 22 in the first cavity 7 on the piston side, and in the inlet pipe 2, the pistons 12 and 22 are move to the second cavity 24 and to the cavity 11 under the diaphragm respectively, releasing the main piston 5. At this time, the first cavity 7; piston side, is under constant pressure, the inner cavity of the inlet pipe 2 is under the increasing action of the load while the second cavity 24, piston side, the second cavity 26, rod side, and the cavity 11 below the diaphragm are under atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm 10 of the second hydropneumatic accumulator 9

is applied against the grid 33.

  The charge of the hydropneumatic accumulator 1 continues until the pressure in the inlet pipe 2 reaches the value for which the force it exerts on the surface of the small base 47 of the frustoconical portion 43 of the main piston 5 on the seat side 35 is greater than the action of the constant pressure in the first cavity 7, piston side, acting on the entire upper surface of the main piston 5. Once this value has been reached, a resultant force appears which acts in the direction of the first cavity 7, on the piston side, the main piston 5 begins to move away from its seat 35. As a result, the inlet pipe 2 and the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 are in communication with one another. space between the seat 35 and the main piston 5. Under the action of the water pressure generated in the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 and acting on the released portion of the surface of the main piston 5, is substantially the same as e the upper surface of the piston 5, the resulting force increases. In addition, the water arrives from the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 in the outlet pipe 19 and the nozzle 20 and flows through it to the atmosphere towards an object to be demolished. At the same time, the water arrives from the outlet pipe 19 through the by-pass tubes 17 and 25 into the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 and into the second cavity 24, on the piston side. The pressure in the second cavity 24, on the piston side, increases practically instantaneously until the pressure of charge (pressure of the pipe 40). The pressure in the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 increases with a determined delay d0 to the presence of the valve 18 in the bypass tube 17 and the gas in the second hydropneumatic accumulator 9. As a result, a force appears on the side of the second cavity 24, piston side, on the second piston 22 and moves the second piston 22 in the direction towards the second cavity 26, rod side. The second piston 22 with the rod 23 comes to bear on the main piston 5 by increasing the resulting force which acts on it and which raises its speed

  of displacement. It follows that the higher the speed of

  the main piston 5 is large, the pressure in the outlet pipe 19 upstream of the nozzle 20 increases faster and, consequently, the front flank of the

  the high pressure pulse becomes steeper.

  The discharge phase of the hydropneumatic accumulator

  1 begins with the separation of the main piston 5 from the seat 35. The water flows through the nozzle 20 towards the object to be demolished and fills the cavity below the diaphragm 10 under the same pressure through the tube by-pass 17 and the second cavity 26, rod side, through the bypass tube 27. However, thanks to the presence of the throttling valve 18 and the second hydropneumatic accumulator 9, the water pressure in the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 and in the second cavity 26, rod side, increases slowly and reaches, thanks to the upper surface, noticeable, the first piston 12, a value which will be substantially always substantially lower than the pressure in the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 before the end of the unloading process. Thus, during the discharge of the hydropneumatic accumulator 1, the water pressure in the inlet pipe 2, in the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35 and in the second cavity 24, on the piston side, decreases while the pressure in the the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 and the second cavity 26, on the piston side, at the beginning of the unloading of the hydropneumatic accumulator 1 increases as a result of the separation of the diaphragm 10 from the gate 33 and because the water fills the the space between the diaphragm and the grid 33 and reaches the discharge pressure at the moment when the gas and water pressures acting on the diaphragm 10 of two sides are identical. Under the action of the discharge pressure in the second cavity 26, rod side, the second piston 22 with the rod 23 begins to move in the direction towards the second cavity 24, piston side, chasing from it the water in the bypass tube 25 to the outlet pipe 19. The rod 23 of the second piston 22 separates from the main piston 5. The pressure in the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 and in the second cavity 26, rod side , decreases slowly and will be maintained at a sufficient level by moving the diaphragm 10 towards the gate 33 and the flow of water from the space between the diaphragm 10 and the gate 33 under the pressure of the compressed air in the cavity of the accumulator. At the moment when the force acting on the main piston 5 on the side of the cavity 6 downstream of the seat 35, becomes less than the force acting on the main piston 5 on the side of the first cavity 7, piston side, and the cavity 11 below the diaphragm, the main piston 5 moves towards the seat 35. As it moves, the pressure in the chamber 6 downstream of the seat 35, in front of the nozzle 20 and in the second cavity 24, piston side, decreases and the pressure in the cavity 11 below the diaphragm and in the second cavity 26, rod side, becomes lower than the initial pressure of the discharge. The main piston 5 reaches the seat 35 'and closes it. The pressure in the cavity 6 downstream of the seat, in the outlet pipe 19 upstream

  the pitch decreases to atmospheric pressure.

  This distribution of the pressures leads to the fact that, during the displacement of the main piston 5, the action of the piston 12 with the rod 13 on this piston increases and the opposite reaction on the side of the second piston 22 with the rod 23 decreases. This ensures a sudden decrease in pressure before the nozzle 20 and a sufficient stiffness of the trailing edge of the pressure of a pulse, that is, a clean and safe operation of the hydroéjecteur action

  impulse. The discharge of the hydropneutral accumulator

  1 terminates at the beginning of the movement of the main piston 5 towards the seat 35 and, after the main piston 5 has sat on the seat 35, the charge of the accumulator starts again. The operating cycle is repeated. After the main piston 5 has been seated on the seat 35, the pressure in the cavity-6 downstream of the seat 35 and in the second cavity 24, on the piston side, becomes practically close to atmospheric pressure and the second piston 22 with the rod 23 does not bear on the main piston 5. At the moment when the diaphragm 10 comes to bear on the grid 33, the pressure in the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 and in the second cavity 26, rod side, becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. After that, the rod 13 of the first piston 12, biased by the constant pressure acting on the side of the first cavity 7, piston side, moves in the direction towards the second hydropneumatic accumulator 9 and releases the main piston 5. As a result, Impulse hydroejector is prepared for a new loading phase. If the valve 28, mounted on the bypass tube 27, is closed and if the valve 30, mounted on the bypass tube 29, is open, the second cavity 26, rod side, is separated from the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 but connected to the atmosphere. In this case, the hydroéjecteur action

  impulse works in the charge phase of accumula-

  hydropneumatic driver 1 similarly to the case described above, while the discharge phase differs in that the second piston 22 with the rod 23 constantly presses on the main piston 5. This results in the formation of an additional force, which prevents the displacement of the main piston 5 towards the seat 35 and, consequently, the formation of forces acting on the main piston 5 on the side of the first cavity 7, on the piston side, and on the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 through the first piston 12 with the rod 13. The speed of movement of the main piston 5 decreases and the duration of the discharge increases, that is to say, that the pulse of high pressure increases due to the variation the stiffness of the rear flank of impulse that becomes less brutal. This variation of the trailing edge of the impulse is imposed by the conditions of the hydraulic felling. A great hardness of the rocks requires, for the efficiency of the hydraulic felling,

  a leading edge and a trailing edge of the pulse.

  For this purpose, in the device of the invention, the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 1i0 is connected to the second cavity 26, on the rod side, via the tube of FIG.

  by-pass 27. The valve 28 is opened and the valve 30 is closed.

  If the hardness of the rocks is less, it is possible to use, for an effective hydraulic felling, a steep impulse front flank with a soft rear flank but

  the duration of the high pressure pulse is increased.

  For this purpose, in the device claimed, the cavity 11 below the diaphragm 10 of the second cavity 26, on the rod side, is separated by closing the valve 28 and the second cavity 26, on the rod side, is connected to the atmosphere by opening

the valve 30.

  The above-described embodiment of the invention ensures an increase in the efficiency of the destruction of the rocks thanks to a steep front flank and the variable profile rear flank of the pulse, to the elevation of the force of force. shock of the jet, the increase of the duration of the pulse of high pressure, and the

  reliability of the operation of the device.

Claims (3)

- CLAIMS -   Impulse action hydroejector comprising a hydropneumatic accumulator (1) placed in communication with the inlet pipe (2) of the oscillation generator (3) having a body (4) in which a main piston (5) is arranged, forming in this body (4), a chamber (6) downstream of the seat (35) and a first cavity (7), piston side, connected to a source (8) of constant pressure and a second hydropneumatic accumulator (9) with a diaphragm (10) below which, in the cavity (11), is disposed a first piston (12) with a rod (13) cooperable with the main piston (5) and forming a first cavity (14), side rod, separated from the first cavity (7), piston side, by a partition (15) and placed in permanent communication with the atmosphere, the cavity (11) below the diaphragm (10) being connected by a tube of by - pass (17) having a valve (18) to the outlet pipe (19), hydroéjecteur characterized in that it has been practiced in the body (4) of the oscillation generator (3), a chamber (21) for the formation of a pulse in which the second piston (22) is arranged with the rod (23), mounted with the possibility of cooperating with the main piston (5) and forming, in the chamber (21) for the formation of the pulse, a second cavity (24), piston side, placed in communication with the outlet pipe (19) via a bypass tube (25)   and a second cavity (26), rod side connected to the atmosphere.   2. Impulse action hydroejector according to claim 1, characterized in that the second cavity (26), rod side, of the chamber (21) for forming pulses is placed in communication by the bypass tube (27). ) having a valve (28) with the cavity (11) below the diaphragm (10) of the second accumulator hydropneumatic (9).   3. Hydroéjecteur according to one of claims 1   and 2, characterized in that the second shaft-side cavity (26) of the pulse forming chamber (21) is connected to the atmosphere by another tube (29) having a valve (30).