FR2587675A1 - Ailerons having self-deforming reversible profiles - Google Patents
Ailerons having self-deforming reversible profiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2587675A1 FR2587675A1 FR8514308A FR8514308A FR2587675A1 FR 2587675 A1 FR2587675 A1 FR 2587675A1 FR 8514308 A FR8514308 A FR 8514308A FR 8514308 A FR8514308 A FR 8514308A FR 2587675 A1 FR2587675 A1 FR 2587675A1
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- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- skeleton
- fin
- concave
- fluid
- profile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
- B63H9/0615—Inflatable aerofoil sails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/44—Varying camber
- B64C3/46—Varying camber by inflatable elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/44—Varying camber
- B64C3/48—Varying camber by relatively-movable parts of wing structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
Description
AILERONS A PROFIL REVERSIBLE
CONCAVE ET CONssEXE
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTON : a) - ailes porteuses
- mats-ailes de voiliers;
- pales aériennes; b) - quilles de voiliers ; c) - safran de gouvernails ; d) - dispositifs antiroulis ; e) - propulseurs, hélices à 2 sens de rotation.REVERSIBLE PROFILE FINS
CONCAVE AND CONssEXE
TECHNICAL AREA OF INVENTON: a) - bearing wings
- sailboat mats;
- air blades; b) - sailboat keels; c) - rudder rudder; d) - anti-roll devices; e) - thrusters, propellers with 2 directions of rotation.
Ces ailerons a profils réversibles interessent tous mobiles se mouvant dans un fluide par exemple aeronefs (air) et bateaux (eau). These ailerons with reversible profiles are of interest for all moving parts moving in a fluid, for example aircraft (air) and boats (water).
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE
L'aileron le plus simple est forme par un plan (1) se dépla çant dans le fluide (2) (Fig. 1). L'aérodynamique ou l'hydrodyna- mique est très mauvaise. I1 se créent des turbulences, qui entraî- nent une resistance à l'avancement et une mauvaise portance.STATE OF THE ART
The simplest fin is formed by a plane (1) moving in the fluid (2) (Fig. 1). Aerodynamics or hydrodynamics is very bad. They create turbulence, which leads to resistance to advancement and poor lift.
Une amelioration (Fig. 2) est constituée par un aileron (3) ayant une face plane (4) et l'autre convexe (5). Le profil optimal (6) est formé par une face concave (7) (intrados) et une face convexe (5) (extrados). I1 donne une traînée minimale et une portance maximale (Fig. 3). An improvement (Fig. 2) consists of a fin (3) having a flat face (4) and the other convex (5). The optimal profile (6) is formed by a concave face (7) (lower surface) and a convex face (5) (upper surface). It gives a minimum drag and a maximum lift (Fig. 3).
C'est le cas largement etudié des ailes d'avion qui reçoivent la poussée de l'air sur leur face inferieure. This is the widely studied case of airplane wings which receive the thrust of air on their lower face.
Mais, il existe des cas où les ailerons reçoivent la poussée du fluide tantôt sur une face, tantôt sur l'autre. However, there are cases where the fins receive the thrust of the fluid sometimes on one side, sometimes on the other.
Dans le cas d'une quille ou d'un gouvernail de bateau, les
profils utilisés jusqu'à présent sont symétriques et pisciformes (Fig. 4). Le profil idéal concave-convexe ne pouvant être utilisé, l'aileron reçevant la pression de l'eau tantôt d'un
côté tantôt de l'autre, suivant la marche du bateau.In the case of a keel or a boat rudder, the
profiles used so far are symmetrical and fish-shaped (Fig. 4). The ideal concave-convex profile cannot be used, the fin receiving the water pressure sometimes from a
side sometimes other, following the progress of the boat.
DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTION
La presente invention a pour but de palier cet inaonvénient et de réaliser un aileron presentant automatiquement un profil idéal, choisi a La construction et optimalise en fonc
tion de son utilisation.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome this drawback and to produce a fin automatically presenting an ideal profile, chosen for construction and optimized in function.
tion of its use.
~ L'aileron présente dans tous les cas les caractéristiques suivantes
-1 Une forme creuse (8) deformable, constituée d'une seule pièce ou de deux plaques symetriques par rapport a son plan médian et formant un volume étanche/g).ER constitue la partie extérieure de l'aileron (Fig. 5)
-2 Un squelette rigide (10) indeformable, solide, ayant la forme de l'aileron, mais presentant des flancs plans ou concaves, perçés de trous (11) pour relier les deux faces entre-elles (Fig.6)
-3 Un fluide remplissant l'enceinte souple et déformable.Ce fluide pouvant être un gaz (cas d'une aile aérienne) ou un liquide
(cas d'un aileron immerge dans l'eau).(12) Il passe d'une caviez à l'autre par des trous (II) ou par ane tubulure (I4) Pig, 5-6 - 8
-4 Eventuellement, si le squelette est formé d'un aileron ayant ses deux faces planes, de pistons (13) jouant librement dans les trous du dit aileron-squelette (10) et possedant des têtes d'épaisseurs variables, pour obtenir un profil pisciforme au repos et concave-convexe au travail (Fig. 7).Les pistons ont pour but de
remplacer le fluide leurs ddplacements déterminent les courbures
concave et convexe des deux parois déformables de l'aileron, la
fixation et l'ésanchéisé des parois ne sont nécessaires que sur
les bords d'attaque et de fuite de aileron,
-5 La quantité de gaz ou de liquide peut varier en remplissant
(I2) plus ou moins le volume de l'aileron, on utilise une tubulure
reliant les deuil cavités latérales, possédant une pompe, une (14)
saureet un orifice de remplissage (Pig.8)
-6- -Dan-s le cas intéressant une quille de bateau a voiles, le
squelette doit être massif et lourd (fonte, acier, plomb, etc...).~ The fin has in all cases the following characteristics
-1 A deformable hollow form (8), consisting of a single piece or of two plates symmetrical with respect to its median plane and forming a tight volume / g) .ER constitutes the external part of the fin (Fig. 5)
-2 A rigid skeleton (10), undeformable, solid, having the shape of the fin, but having flat or concave sides, pierced with holes (11) to connect the two faces to each other (Fig. 6)
-3 A fluid filling the flexible and deformable enclosure. This fluid can be a gas (in the case of an aerial wing) or a liquid
(case of a fin immersed in water). (12) It passes from one caviar to another by holes (II) or by tubing donkey (I4) Pig, 5-6 - 8
-4 Optionally, if the skeleton is formed of a fin having its two flat faces, of pistons (13) playing freely in the holes of said aileron-skeleton (10) and having heads of variable thicknesses, to obtain a profile pisciform at rest and concave-convex at work (Fig. 7). The pistons are intended to
replace the fluid their displacements determine the curvatures
concave and convex of the two deformable walls of the fin, the
fixing and sealing the walls are only necessary on
the aileron leading and trailing edges,
-5 The amount of gas or liquid can vary when filling
(I2) more or less the volume of the fin, a tube is used
connecting the mourning side cavities, having a pump, one (14)
saureet and a filling orifice (Pig.8)
-6- -In the case of a keel of a sailing boat, the
skeleton must be massive and heavy (cast iron, steel, lead, etc.).
Le liquide peut être d'une densite supérieure à l'eau, soit par
solution saline (NaCl ou CaCl2) soit par utilisation de liquides
organiques halogénés.The liquid can be of a higher density than water, either by
saline solution (NaCl or CaCl2) either by using liquids
halogenated organic.
Dans le eas intéressant les ailes aériennes, les mats-ailes de
bateaux, le squelette doit être très léser (matériaux composites
résines + fibres > alliages d'aluminium etc...) le fluide est un
gaz.In the eas interesting the aerial wings, the mat-wings of
boats, the skeleton must be very damaged (composite materials
resins + fibers> aluminum alloys etc ...) the fluid is a
gas.
-7- Les formes de l'aile ainsi obtenue peuvent être très diverses:
-vue de profil: rectangulaire, parallélogrammique, trapèzoï-
dale et:... A
-vue de dessus :formaat un plan épais, ou deux faces concaves. -7- The shapes of the wing thus obtained can be very diverse:
- profile view: rectangular, parallelogram, trapezoid -
dale and: ... A
-view from above: form a thick plane, or two concave faces.
Les parois souples prenant la forme bi-convexe au repos. Le sque
lette peut présenter un renflement en hautet en bas permettant
un effet de galbord (15) et un effet de saumon de lest.(16) (Fig..9)
-8 Dans le cas d'ailerons de bateaux.la ou les parties souples se-ront avantageusement constituées par des élastomeres possédant
une hydrophobie et une antiadhérence naturelles,comme les élas
tomeres orgahosiliciques ou les élastomères et matieres fluorées,
pour éviter l'emploi de péintures dont l'accrochage peut être.The flexible walls taking the bi-convex shape at rest. The sque
lette may have a bulge at the top and bottom allowing
a galbord effect (15) and a ballast salmon effect. (16) (Fig..9)
-8 In the case of boat fins. The flexible part (s) will advantageously consist of elastomers having
natural hydrophobicity and anti-adhesion, like elas
orgahosilic tomers or elastomers and fluorinated materials,
to avoid the use of paints which could be caught.
aléatoire. random.
FONCTIONNEMENT :
Prenons l'exemple d'une quille de voilier. Le bateau avance
par action du vent sur ses voiries, la force vélique du vent se
décompose en une force propulsive et une poussée de dérive per
pendiculaire au bateau. Pour empêcher a derive, le bateau doit
avoir un aileron de quille, fonctionnant comme une aile d'avion. OPERATION:
Take the example of a sailboat keel. The boat is advancing
by the action of the wind on its roads, the wind force of the wind
breaks down into a propelling force and a drift thrust per
pendular to the boat. To prevent drift, the boat must
have a keel fin, functioning like an airplane wing.
C'est le profil concave-convexe qui offre les meilleures performances. Le bateau reçevant le vent tantôt sur babord, tantôt sur tribord, les ailerons de quille utilisés jusqu'a maintenant étaient symétriques et pisciformes.The concave-convex profile provides the best performance. The boat receiving the wind sometimes on port side, sometimes on starboard, the keel fins used until now were symmetrical and fish-shaped.
La presente invention a pour but de dater les voiliers d'ailerons antidérives et de safrans, dont les profils sont concavesconvexes, améliorant ainsi leurs performances et permettant aux voiliers de faire un meilleur cap par rapport à la direction du vent. L'aileron reçoit la poussée de l'eau (17) sur une face, son flanc interieur (18) (intrados) se trouve plaqué sur son architecture-squelette (19) et épouse son profil concave. Comme l'aileron est rempli de liquide (20), l'autre flanc se trouve automatiquement repoussé à l'extérieur (21) et prend un profil convexe (extrados) (Fig. 10) Au virement de bord, l'aileron reçoit la poussée de l'eau sur son autre face et ainsi la forme de son profil s'inverSe automatiquement. The object of the present invention is to date the sailboats with anti-drift fins and rudders, the profiles of which are concave-convex, thereby improving their performance and allowing the sailboats to make a better course relative to the direction of the wind. The fin receives the thrust of the water (17) on one side, its inner flank (18) (lower surface) is pressed against its skeleton architecture (19) and matches its concave profile. As the fin is filled with liquid (20), the other flank is automatically pushed back to the outside (21) and takes on a convex profile (upper surface) (Fig. 10) At the tack, the fin receives the thrust of water on its other face and thus the shape of its profile is automatically reversed.
Au repos ou en cas de marche au moteur l'aileron reprend sa forme symétrique. At rest or when running on the engine, the aileron resumes its symmetrical shape.
APPLICATIONS INDUSTRIELLES
Les ailerons à profil réversible concave / convexe trouvent des applications nombreuses dans les cas ou la charge supportee par l'aileron est exercee tantôt sur l'une ou tantôt sur l'autre face.INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Ailerons with a concave / convex reversible profile find numerous applications in cases where the load supported by the aileron is exerted sometimes on one or sometimes on the other face.
Dans la marine de plaisance la construction de quilles, de safrans, de gouvernails, de mâts-ailes , en utilisant ce procédé, conduirait à la conception de bateaux plus performants grâce au meilleur hydrodynamisme et a la meilleure portance des ailerons. Ces voiliers auraient un meilleur cap au près et une vitesse accrue. In the pleasure craft, the construction of keels, rudders, rudders, wing masts, using this process, would lead to the design of more efficient boats thanks to better hydrodynamics and better lift of the ailerons. These sailboats would have a better course upwind and increased speed.
Dans le cas d'helices, les pales réversibles permettraient une efficacité identique dans les deux sens de rotation. Cas de
propulseurs de navires de ventilateurs réversiblesr de bulbes
Itrgdro-élec-triques réversibles etc... In the case of propellers, the reversible blades would allow identical efficiency in both directions of rotation. Case of
reversible bulbs fan ship thrusters
Reversible Itrgdroelectrics etc ...
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8514308A FR2587675A1 (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1985-09-24 | Ailerons having self-deforming reversible profiles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8514308A FR2587675A1 (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1985-09-24 | Ailerons having self-deforming reversible profiles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2587675A1 true FR2587675A1 (en) | 1987-03-27 |
Family
ID=9323285
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8514308A Pending FR2587675A1 (en) | 1985-09-24 | 1985-09-24 | Ailerons having self-deforming reversible profiles |
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Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2587675A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0283730A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-28 | Mtb Manövriertechnisches Büro | Aerodynamic body surrounded with air or water |
US4860680A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-08-29 | Faulconer H A | Sailboat with leeway reducing keel |
WO1998058839A1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1998-12-30 | Mladen Milidragovic | A wing sail and method of use |
WO2002051730A2 (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-04 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power installation |
WO2007042977A2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-19 | David Laszlo | Guiding appendage for sailboats and similar floating vessels |
WO2008003330A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Technical University Of Denmark) | Variable trailing edge section geometry for wind turbine blade |
US7862400B2 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2011-01-04 | Mattel, Inc. | Toy vehicle |
US7914261B2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2011-03-29 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power plant |
US7946803B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2011-05-24 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power system |
GB2491647A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-12 | Paget Mccormick | A deformable daggerboard |
US11428204B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2022-08-30 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Rotor blade of a wind turbine and method for designing same |
-
1985
- 1985-09-24 FR FR8514308A patent/FR2587675A1/en active Pending
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0283730A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-28 | Mtb Manövriertechnisches Büro | Aerodynamic body surrounded with air or water |
US4860680A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-08-29 | Faulconer H A | Sailboat with leeway reducing keel |
WO1998058839A1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 1998-12-30 | Mladen Milidragovic | A wing sail and method of use |
WO2002051730A2 (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-07-04 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power installation |
WO2002051730A3 (en) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-11-07 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power installation |
US7204674B2 (en) | 2000-12-23 | 2007-04-17 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power installation |
US8100663B2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2012-01-24 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power plant |
US7914261B2 (en) | 2002-06-05 | 2011-03-29 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power plant |
US7946803B2 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2011-05-24 | Aloys Wobben | Rotor blade for a wind power system |
WO2007042977A2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2007-04-19 | David Laszlo | Guiding appendage for sailboats and similar floating vessels |
US7862400B2 (en) | 2005-11-04 | 2011-01-04 | Mattel, Inc. | Toy vehicle |
CN101300056B (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2012-07-25 | 美泰有限公司 | Toy vehicle |
WO2008003330A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (Technical University Of Denmark) | Variable trailing edge section geometry for wind turbine blade |
US8419363B2 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2013-04-16 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Variable trailing edge section geometry for wind turbine blade |
GB2491647A (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-12 | Paget Mccormick | A deformable daggerboard |
US11428204B2 (en) | 2017-10-24 | 2022-08-30 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Rotor blade of a wind turbine and method for designing same |
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