RU2772291C1 - Sail - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: small shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small shipbuilding, namely to ship propellers driven by wind. The sail is made of transparent material and includes arcs, and also contains a plastic sheet rigidly fixed by the lower edge and in the middle of its height to two aluminum corners located horizontally, which are bent in parallel planes along arcs of the same radius. The lower corner is welded to the ends of the boom, and its middle is connected to the boom through a spacer. The upper corner is fixed at two points to two L-shaped posts welded to the middle of the boom. Racks are symmetrically inclined from the vertical and reinforced with a crossbar and a strut. Boom, spacer, posts, crossbar and brace are made of aluminum pipe and welded with corners. The sail is fixed with three plastic clamps with two screws and a cotter pin to the upper platform of the slewing element, which consists of a double-row bearing, upper and lower platforms.

EFFECT: improvement of the aerodynamic qualities of a rigid sail, unhindered visibility when the vessel is moving, as well as ease and simplicity both in mounting, dismantling the sail, and in managing a small vessel with this sail is achieved.

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Description

The invention relates to small-sized shipbuilding, namely to ship propulsion, driven by wind, specifically to the designs and types of sails for small-sized vessels with oar-sailing weapons, which can be used as the main and auxiliary wind propulsion of ships for a wide range of purposes, land, water, amphibians and other modes of transport.

Known rigid sail-wing containing the rotary section. The disadvantages of this design are: low efficiency in the folded state due to the use of symmetrical front and rear aerodynamic surfaces, which, when the sail is parallel to the direction of the wind in the folded state, create oppositely directed mutually damping driving forces, and high efficiency is achieved only with tailwinds in unfolded state. (AC SU 1065297, published 1984)

The complexity of the design, containing a fixed mast with a mechanism that prevents the free flow of air around the surfaces of the sail.

Known utility model "Inflatable Vetwinder Sail", which consists of two arcs, made in the form of inflatable arc cylindrical elements, interconnected by at least three jumpers, made in the form of inflatable cylinders of smaller diameter, on the outer side of the arcs and extreme jumpers, a sail is fixed, at the ends of the arcs, elements are made that allow you to fix the ends of the lines, united in a certain way at a certain distance from the sail. In the manufacture of sails, a transparent material is used (RF patent No. 74110, publ. 2008)

The disadvantages of the design are the low strength of the inflatable elements, which can be deformed when the wind increases, and the limited scope, since this sail can only propel a swimmer or watercraft of small size and weight.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to create a rigid sail for a small vessel without a mast and an underwater keel, with the ability to move at shallow depths and approach as close to the coast as possible, not equipped with special berths.

The technical result is the improvement of the aerodynamic qualities of a rigid sail, an unobstructed view when the vessel is moving, as well as ease and simplicity both in mounting and dismantling the sail, and in steering a small vessel with this sail.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the sail is made of a transparent material, including arcs, according to the claimed invention, it contains a sheet of plastic, rigidly fixed by the lower edge and in the middle of its height to two aluminum corners located horizontally, which are bent in parallel planes along arcs of the same radius , the lower corner is welded to the ends of the boom, and its middle is connected to the boom through a spacer; the upper corner is fixed at two points to two L-shaped posts welded to the middle of the boom; racks are symmetrically inclined from the vertical and reinforced with a crossbar and a strut; boom, spacer, racks, crossbar and brace are made of aluminum pipe and welded with corners; the sail is fixed with three plastic clamps, two screws and a cotter pin to the upper platform of the slewing element, which consists of a double-row bearing, upper and lower platforms.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

fig. 1 - view of the sail assembly

fig. 2 - attaching the sail to the ship

fig. 3 - view of the sail when the ship is moving

fig. 4 - view of the sail in the folded state.

The sail consists of a sheet of transparent plastic 1, rigidly fixed at the bottom edge and in the middle of its height to two aluminum corners 2, located horizontally. To give the sheet an aerodynamic shape, the corners 2 are bent in parallel planes along arcs of the same radius. The lower corner is welded to the ends of the boom, and its middle is connected to the boom through a spacer. The upper corner is fixed at two points to two L-shaped racks 5, welded to the middle of the boom 3. Racks 5 are symmetrically inclined from the vertical, and reinforced with a crossbar 6 and a brace 7. Boom elements 3, spacer 4, racks 5, crossbar 6 and brace 7 made of aluminum pipe and connected to the corners 2 by welding. The resulting single welded structure, assembled with a sheet of plastic 1, is a sail, which is attached with three plastic clamps 8, two screws 9 and a cotter pin 10 to the upper platform 11 of the turntable. The slewing element consists of a special double-row bearing (not shown in the drawing), an upper 11 and a lower platform 12, which is fixed to the bow deck of the vessel or to one of the beams - the horizontal beams of the vessel's hull with bolts.

The claimed device works as follows:

The vessel with the claimed sail does not require a mast, the function of which is performed by a light welded structure connected to a plastic transparent sheet, both surfaces of which repeat the profile of arcs of a constant radius of the structural elements and, being aerodynamic, create a driving force when flowing around with air. The sheet of plastic is fixed to one of the shelves of curved aluminum corners, the second shelves of which serve as aerodynamic ridges to hold the direction of the air flow and prevent it from being torn off before the entire surface passes. The design itself does not prevent the airflow from flowing around the aerodynamic surfaces of the sail.

The use of a transparent plastic sheet promotes an unobstructed view when the vessel is in motion.

The small thickness of the sail, as well as the absence of a mast, which in other cases has drag, create conditions for laminar air flow around the outer and inner aerodynamic surfaces, with virtually no wind resistance.

The inventive sail allows the vessel to move in any direction (except for direct movement against the wind), and also does not create inconvenience when changing tack, such as when the passengers and crew of a traditional yacht have to bend and change their position when the mainsail boom passes over their heads, (working area of rotation of the proposed sail does not cross the area where passengers and crew are located), which ensures higher operational safety,

The shape of the sail structure and its attachment directly to the ship's hull make the center of pressure of the sail low, which does not create a significant overturning moment and allows you to safely operate the sail on ships without an underwater keel, thereby moving at shallow depths and approaching the shore as close as possible.

The sail can be used as both the main and additional, removable or permanently installed sailing rig.

With a close-hauled, backstay and, especially, gulfwind, the sail is turned one of the edges to the wind. The mass of air, flowing around the surface of the sail, which has a constant, unlike fabric sails, geometry, moves in a circle and, trying to maintain its rectilinear, according to Newton's second law, movement, creates a driving (lifting, centrifugal) force on the outer and inner surfaces of the sail, setting the ship in motion. With a tailwind - a jibe and directions close to it, the plane of the sail is placed perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

Sailing angles are selected in accordance with the course of the vessel relative to the direction of the wind from hauled, gulfwind, backstay to jibe symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the vessel for the starboard and port tacks. Fixing the positions of the sail relative to the hull of the vessel can be carried out using rigging, manually, mechanically or in other ways.

Due to the symmetry of the sail relative to the vertical plane, both the left and right sides of the sail can serve with equal results, which makes it possible to obtain the same traction force when the wind direction changes to the opposite without turning the sail. In addition, the weight of this symmetrical sail at any angle of rotation exerts the same pressure on the port and starboard side of the vessel, which does not create an additional roll.

The dimensions of the proposed sail are 2 meters wide, 1.5 meters high. The radius of the circular arc of the airfoil profile is 2.3 meters. The sail area is 3 square meters, which is much less than the allowable (7 square meters) for boats of the Kazanka type, on which the inventive sail was tested, which contributes to safe operation. The dimensions of the sail can be changed according to the dimensions of the vessel or vehicle on which the sail will be used.

The use of a cotter pin instead of the third screw allows, when it is removed, to quickly position the sail horizontally along the hull of the vessel, turning around the horizontal axis in case of wind intensification to critical values, a squall, or when the sail is not used. Removing the sling and screws allows the dismantling of the sail. The use of a slewing element allows you to turn the sail easily and quickly through 360 degrees.

Thus: the claimed invention, due to the use of transparent plastic and a single welded structure, does not interfere with the view when the vessel is moving. The shape of the sail and the use of the slewing element allows you to turn the sail 360 degrees, no significant overturning moment is created during operation. The use of a removable cotter pin allows you to quickly fold the sail on the fore deck of the vessel in case of adverse weather conditions and just as quickly bring it into working position. Due to the small size and lightness of the design, installation, dismantling and control of the proposed sail can be performed by one person.

Claims (1)

A sail made of a transparent material, including arcs, characterized in that it contains a sheet of plastic, rigidly fixed by the lower edge and in the middle of its height to two aluminum corners located horizontally, which are bent in parallel planes along arcs of the same radius, the lower corner is welded to the ends of the boom, and its middle is connected to the boom through a spacer; the upper corner is fixed at two points to two L-shaped posts welded to the middle of the boom; racks are symmetrically inclined from the vertical and reinforced with a crossbar and a strut; boom, spacer, racks, crossbar and brace are made of aluminum pipe and welded with corners; the sail is fixed with three plastic clamps with two screws and a cotter pin to the upper platform of the slewing element, which consists of a double-row bearing, upper and lower platforms.

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