FR2586340A1 - AGENT FOR INFLUENCING GROWTH AND YIELD OF PLANTS BASED ON GIBBERELLIN AND UREA TYPE SUBSTANCES - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO AN AGENT FOR INFLUENCING THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PLANTS. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, THE AGENT CONSISTS OF A COMBINATION OF ACTIVE MATERIALS OF N- (1-ETHYL-PYRAZOL-5-YL) -N-PHENYLUREE, ONE OR MORE GIBBERELLINS AND UREA.

Description

The present invention relates to agents

  to influence plant growth and yield

  which contain the combinations of substances having an action of the type of gibberellin and cytokinin, in particular gibberellins and N- (1-ethyl-pyrazol-5-yl) -N'-phenyl-urea

  (Azoluron), for application in agricultural practice

  school and in horticulture and

ornamental plants.

  It is generally known that phytohormones and synthetic regulators of growth of

  plants having an action similar to that of phyto-

  hormones direct or, depending on the case, influence plant metabolism, the development of various parts of plants and the growth of plants. We

  can induce the different development processes

  depending on the stage of development of the plants or parts of plants with specific concentrations of the natural or synthetic active ingredients. The application concentration, the form of application and the timing of the application of these agents are of crucial importance here, since, for example, at the highest

  phytoeffectors it is possible to induce other phyto-

  physiological or, in an extreme case, the phyto-

  toxic. From these aspects, we have in case of application

  many uses for agricultural practice, horticulture and ornamental crops. In this way it is possible to promote or inhibit the longitudinal growth of mono- and dicotyledonous plants. It is the same for example germination, the formation of buds

  and fruiting. In addition, there are

  to influence the performance, the composition

or the habitus of plants.

  We know that with benzyladenine we can

  obtain yield increases in cereals

  ales. On the other hand, it has been found that gibberellic acid in wheat lowers grain yield to about% by lower tillering and a decrease in the number of seeds per spike (Wagenbreth, D. et al.

  Fortschrittsberichte fur die Land- und Nahrungsgiter-

  wirtschef 19 (1981), notebook 6, p. 8). According to the patent

  of ADR 125 100 can be used N-pyrazol-5-yl-

  N'-phenyl-ureas as agents for regulating plant growth. The combination of gibberellins, diphenylureas and 3-naphthoxyacetic acid should promote fruiting in fruit (Williams et al., Acta Horticulture 80 (1978) 129-131). To stimulate inflorescences in greenhouse tomatoes, RDA Patent No. 202,974 recommends the application of a combination of gibberellin and cytokinin compounds. The scientific basis for the action of phytohormone combinations in tomatoes on flowering under variable lighting conditions has been thoroughly investigated by Kinet et al. (Kinet, J.M.,

  Internat. Conf. on Regulation of Developmental Pro-

  cesses in Plants (Abstracts) 1977 in Halle (GDR); Kinet, J.M. et al., J. Am. Soc. Hort. Science 103

  (1978) 724-729; Kinet, J. M. et al., Pev. Agric.

31 (1978) 3, 413-418).

  All the possibilities for applying the published phytohormone combinations have in common the fact that no solutions for the practical application allowing a regular distribution of the active ingredients (MA) from a

form of preparation.

  The application concentrations known in the state of the art for agents aimed at directing biological processes (MBP) are in the range of application between 10-3 and 106 mol / l. Forms of preparation that are common for plant protection agents (PSM) and

  MBP in the usual sense can not be applied

  for the combination of phytohormones mentioned above. In formulations with solid carriers, for example wettable powders (WP), there are

  a danger of adsorption of the active ingredients to the

  face of the supports, which can produce a distribution

  irregularity of MA. In addition, chemically sensitive gibberellins can be inactivated on the active centers of the support. Detergents and formulation aids can also produce a chemical transformation of the active ingredients and also lead to phytotoxic damage in plants or parts of sensitive plants, such as tomato flowers. It is necessary to reckon with analogous facts in the liquid forms of application. Another decisive disadvantage of all formulations of PSM and MBP is that one can not

  agricultural and horticultural practice not guarantee sufficient

  the possibility of regular and regular dosages

agents at the user.

  Forms of pharmaceutical preparation

  are some well-dosable, but

  depending on media and additives, they have the same problems as in PSM formulations

liquid or solid.

  The object of the invention is to find a form of commercial preparation of a combination of gibberellin and cytokinin substances, in particular gibberellins and Azoluron, which must meet the following requirements: - guarantee of an optimal concentration of active ingredients in the application solution; - fast and complete dissolution of the active ingredients as well as regular distribution in the solution

  without the addition of surfactants

  active; - favorable influence on the chemical stability and the biological activity of the natural and synthetic active ingredients in the preparation and the application solution; - exclusion of adverse biological and phytotoxic side effects on treated plants or parts of plants as well as toxic influences on users and the environment; - easy preparation for the user and compliant

to the dosage.

  For the practical application of combinations of appropriate substances with gibberellin and cytokinin action in agriculture and horticulture, no suitable solutions have so far been available.

  according to the state of the art. He was so surprised

  predictable that a combination of gibberel-

  lines, Azoluron and Urea in a form of

  paration an tablets meets all the requirements

in practice.

  The preparations according to the invention are stable and can be prepared according to the usual methods in galenic practice. They also make it possible in practical conditions to

  exact active ingredients in the application solution.

  cation. Thanks to the application of urea as a selective preparation component, it is possible to increase the dissolution rate of the active ingredients in the water and to guarantee their stability in the form

of preparation considered.

  Simultaneously the user has when he uses a clear application solution a control

  on the homogeneous distribution of active ingredients.

  It was surprising that the biomass production was more strongly increased by the combination according to the invention than by the various active ingredients or their mixture without the addition of urea, and that no phytotoxic side effects were observed in the plants. or parts of sensitive plants, such as tomato flowers. It was also surprising that the addition of urea in the mixture according to the invention in the application to tomatoes grown in

  conditions of light stress lead to an increase in

  further development of flowers with fruiting. Thus urea in the described combination also has, besides the properties already

  mentioned, an action as a cophytoeffector.

  The preparation of tablets can be dissolved in water in the desired ratio, so that application concentrations of 0.1 g MA / ha to 150 g MA / ha, especially

0.3 g MA / ha at 10 g MA / ha.

  The mixing ratio of the various components of the tablets with each other varies in

  wide limits and can be adapted to the purpose of applying

  specific cation. Mixing ratios of 1: 5: 14 to 1: 1: 18 or 1: 2.5: 15 to 1: 2.5: 250 (Azoluron: gibberellins: urea) were recorded. The agents are prepared in a known manner by mixing and grinding processes.

  followed if necessary by compression.

  The following examples specify the invention

without limiting it.

  Examples of application Example 1 cotyledon test In sprouted radish seeds, cotyledons are taken and the fresh weight of 10 pieces is determined. The cotyledons then remain for several days in the experimental solution under a permanent light, before a new

  determination of the fresh weight. The differences

  between the starting weight and the final weight. We associate values obtained with those of the

  water and kinetin control. The results expressed

  in the form of equivalent values X are calculated as follows: weight of the cotyledon in the ex- perental solution - weight of cotyledon in water X =

  cotyledon weight in the kinetin solution - cotyed weight

  ledon in water If the equivalent value is 1, the substance tested corresponds in action to kinetin; values lower than 1 indicate a lower action, values greater than 1, an action greater than that of kinetin; if the value is

from 0, the substance is without action.

  Agent Conc. (ppm) X Kinetic 10 + 1.0 Azoluron 10 + 1.02 Gibberellic Acid 25 + 0.51 (GA3)

GA4 + 7 25 + 0.59

  Urea 165 + 0.06 Azoluron + GA + 10 + 25 + 165 + 1.67 urea Azoluron + GA4 + 7 + 10 + 25 + 165 + 1.62 urea Azoluron + GA3 10 + 25 + 1.55

Example 2

  Action of various variants of preparation of the combination of substances gibberellic acid /

  Azoluron / urea or other triple components to enhance

  improve the development of flowering in greenhouse tomatoes under unfavorable lighting conditions

  To determine the action mentioned above

  on it is moistened until refusal with the solution

  of application considered the oldest buds of -

  flowers 4 to 5 mm long from the first flora

  reason, and this three times at intervals of 48 hours each time. At 50 - 75% opening of inflorescences

  the inflorescences are immersed to promote fruit

  in a 0.008% solution of 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid ethyl ester. All elements of the experience are shaded throughout the duration of the experiment. Evaluation is done at the beginning

fruiting.

  The following criteria are determined by inflorescence: 1 - number of flowers 2 - flowers developed with fruiting 3 - fruits developed from this 4 - stunted flowers - length 6 - green mass

  7 - Fruit mass of fruiting.

  All data are ratios by comparison with control A treated only with 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid ethyl ester

(10th).

Evaluation criteria

2 3 4

6 7

A 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

B 103 117 75 9-5 119 110 110

C 113 183 142 68 194 220 172

D 110 233 158 43 202 251 179

E 122 238 200 59 207 290 185

F 115 196 167 70 193 235 140

  As experimental variants, the following combinations are chosen: A shaded control treated solely with 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid ethyl ester Variant B - shaded control without treatment with MBP C tank mixture of GA3 and a WP with 50% azolurons (MA concentrations = 25 mg GA3 and 10 mg azoluron / l application solution) D - WP with GA3 and azoluron in the ratio of EC variant - tablets with 12.5% GA3, 5% d azoluron and 82.5% urea F - tablets with 17.5% GA3, 5% azoluron and 77.5% urea

Example 3

  Examples of preparation recipes according to the invention Before mixing the indicated components, the crystalline urea is brought by known techniques (grinding, spraying, etc.) to a particle size which corresponds to that of azoluron and gibberellic acid. . Azoluron, gibberellic acid and urea are mixed homogeneously in the ratios

  indicated in a suitable mixer.

  The mixture thus prepared is compressed directly into tablets without granulating it. The compression

  is carried out to give tablets weighing 100 mg.

  Mixed mixture reports Variant (data in g)

A B C

Azoluron 50 5 10

GA3 125 12.5 25

Urea 825 982.5 - 965

Claims (2)

  Agent for influencing plant growth and yield, characterized in that it consists of a combination of active ingredients of   N- (1-ethyl-pyrazol-5-yl) -N'-phenylurea, one or more gibberellins and urea.   2. Agent according to claim 1, characterized   terized in that it is prepared in tablet form.