FR2571717A1 - Process for the accelerated composting of waste containing cellulose material - Google Patents

Process for the accelerated composting of waste containing cellulose material Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2571717A1
FR2571717A1 FR8408745A FR8408745A FR2571717A1 FR 2571717 A1 FR2571717 A1 FR 2571717A1 FR 8408745 A FR8408745 A FR 8408745A FR 8408745 A FR8408745 A FR 8408745A FR 2571717 A1 FR2571717 A1 FR 2571717A1
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addition
composting
nutrient
waste
carbohydrates
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FR8408745A
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GUILLON GENEVIEVE
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GUILLON GENEVIEVE
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Priority to FR8408745A priority Critical patent/FR2571717A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

In this process, easily assimilable nutriments are provided to the germs present in the waste to be composted, or to waste which is poor in germs but enriched with microorganism cultures: these nutriments are carbohydrates which can be rapidly used by the flora. Rapid hydrolysis of the celluloses and lignins present in the waste, and thus rapid composting, takes place. These carbohydrates are essentially sugars and starches to which proteins or their degration products are added in order to speed up bacterial growth. Addition of nitrogenous products and of inorganic, vegetable or artificial colloids.

Description

Procédé de compostage accéléré de déchets contenant des matières cellulosiques.Process for accelerated composting of waste containing cellulosic materials.

L'invention a pour objet la production accélérée de compost agricole à partir de déchets provenants de l'agrioulture et de l'industrie et qui contiennent des matières cellulosiques. Suivant l'invention l'on apporte aux germes présents dans les déchets à composter ou alors aux déchets pauvres en germes mais enrichis par des cultures de microorganismes cellulolytiques, des nutriments facilement assimilables. Ces nutriments sont des hydrates de carb@ne rapidement utilisables par la flore. Ainsi il y a une hydrolyse rapide des celluloses et lignines présentes dans les déchets donc un compostage rapide. Ces hydrates de carbone sont essentiellement les divers sucres et amidons existants sur le marché.Aux glucides susnommés l'on peut aussi ajouter des proteines et/ou leurs produits de dégradation afin de sti muler encore davantage la croissance bactérienne. Sur certains déchets il est utile de fixer les microorganisies en ajoutant des colloïdes minéraux ou végétaux.  The invention relates to the accelerated production of agricultural compost from waste from agriculture and industry and which contain cellulosic materials. According to the invention, the germs present in the waste to be composted or the waste poor in germs but enriched by cultures of cellulolytic microorganisms are supplied with easily assimilated nutrients. These nutrients are carbohydrates quickly usable by the flora. Thus there is a rapid hydrolysis of the celluloses and lignins present in the waste therefore a rapid composting. These carbohydrates are essentially the various sugars and starches existing on the market. To the aforementioned carbohydrates one can also add proteins and / or their breakdown products in order to further stimulate bacterial growth. On certain wastes it is useful to fix the microorganisms by adding mineral or vegetable colloids.

Actuellement, le compostage des déchets facilement ferment@scibles se fait essentiellement par adjonction de produits contenants de lasote usisilable.Ceci active la fermentation0L'on ajoute aussi des fmriers comme source supplémentaire de germes. Mais cette façon de procéder est longue à mener à terme ( 1 à 2 années ), conteuse en temps de travail et nécessite un matériel important. Malgré ces apports il y a souvent arrêt prématuré des fermentations ( compost vert, pauvre en humus ).Currently, the composting of easily fermentable @ scraps is mainly done by the addition of products containing usable lasote.This activates the fermentation0We also add mounds as an additional source of germs. But this procedure is long to complete (1 to 2 years), storyteller in working time and requires significant equipment. Despite these contributions there is often a premature cessation of fermentation (green compost, low in humus).

D'autres déchets comme les mares de raisin, les sciures, lee pailles sont même considérés comme non coppostables par les techniques citées et sont donc brûles.Other waste such as grape ponds, sawdust, straws are even considered non-co-disposable by the techniques mentioned and are therefore burned.

Linvention présente permet de transformer tous ces déchets en compost utile à l'amendement des terres. En adaptant à chaque type de substrat disponible les nutriments et/ou les sicroorganiames appropriés, l'on obtient un compostage très rapide (1 à 2 mois ), peu exigeant en main d'oeuvre et en moyens financiers. The present invention makes it possible to transform all this waste into compost useful for land improvement. By adapting the appropriate nutrients and / or microorganisms to each type of substrate available, very rapid composting (1 to 2 months) is obtained, requiring little labor and financial resources.

On obtient une fereentation intense et allant jusqu'au bout et dono un produit final de grande qualité et d'un bas prix de revient. L'hydrolyse est importante et la quantité de substances humiques formées est très importante.We get an intense fereentation and go to the end and dono a final product of high quality and low cost. Hydrolysis is important and the amount of humic substances formed is very important.

D'après l'invention, et en considérant lee divers déchets disponibles on réduit très considérablement le temps de compostage par rapport aux procédés existant actuellement
La fersentation, d'après le présent brevet peut se faire soit en aérobiose soit en anaérobiose, soit en alternant ces deux procédés. Le choix se fera d'après le déchet disponible, de son tge, et de sa forme physique. Il est conseillé de faire pour chaque substrat à composter quelques essais préliminaires pour choisir les paramètres les plus appropriés au matériau à transformer.Un suivi régulier de la température, du pH et quelques analysEs simples ( azote, acides humiques ) indi- -quent clairement le procédé le plus efficace à mettre en oeuvre.According to the invention, and by considering the various wastes available, the composting time is very considerably reduced compared to the processes currently existing.
Fersentation, according to this patent can be done either aerobically or anaerobically, or by alternating these two processes. The choice will be made according to the available waste, its age, and its physical form. It is advisable to make a few preliminary tests for each substrate to compost in order to choose the most appropriate parameters for the material to be processed. Regular monitoring of the temperature, pH and a few simple analyzes (nitrogen, humic acids) clearly indicate the most efficient process to implement.

Afin d'obtenie un compostage optiaal il faut apporter aux microorganismes des nutriments appropriés leur permettant un developpement maximum, ceci pour les matériaux naturellement riches en germes , comme les fumiers et lisiers divers. Mais quand il s'agit de déchets à flore pauvre comme les pailles diverses, les marcs de raisin les vieux papiers ou déchets de bois ( sciure, écorce etc .. ) l'on ajoutera à ces substrats des cultures de micoorganismes cellulolytiques en plus des nutriments proposés dans le présent brevet. Ces cultures sont faciles à réaliser d'après les règles commues .In order to obtain an optimal composting, it is necessary to provide the microorganisms with appropriate nutrients allowing them maximum development, this for materials naturally rich in germs, such as various manures and slurries. But when it is a question of waste with poor flora such as various straws, grape marc, old paper or wood waste (sawdust, bark, etc.), cultures of cellulolytic microorganisms will be added to these substrates in addition to nutrients proposed in this patent. These cultures are easy to carry out according to the common rules.

À titre d'exemple, niinement limitatif, on pourra employer l'une des formules suivantes pour le compostage accéléré des divers fumiers, dee pailles, des sciures, des marcs de raisin:
Formule 1 Formule 2
Urée 40 Sucre( ou glucose ou similaire) 25
Amidon ( ou farine ) 30 Levure de bière 0,5
Phosphate de K 9 Argile colloïdale 0,5
Peptone 0,2 Superphosphate 11
Craie 21 Sulfate d'ammoniaque 53
Oligoéléments 0,05 Chaux hydratée 10
Par ces nutriments on apporte aux germes de décomposition les éléments essentiels à leur croissance maximale.En même temps la production d'enzymes cellulolytiques est très importante et l'hydrolyse des celluloses, hémicelluloses et lignines demarre.By way of example, however limited, one of the following formulas can be used for the accelerated composting of various manures, straws, sawdust, grape marc:
Formula 1 Formula 2
Urea 40 Sugar (or glucose or similar) 25
Starch (or flour) 30 Brewer's yeast 0.5
K 9 phosphate Colloidal clay 0.5
Peptone 0.2 Superphosphate 11
Chalk 21 Ammonium sulfate 53
Trace elements 0.05 Hydrated lime 10
These nutrients provide the elements of decomposition essential elements for their maximum growth. At the same time the production of cellulolytic enzymes is very important and the hydrolysis of celluloses, hemicelluloses and lignins starts.

Pour les pailles, marcs,sciures etc ... qui ont une flore pauvre , on les ensemencera par des techniques habituelles et connues par l'homme de l'art avec des microorganismes cellulolytiques.For straws, marcs, sawdust etc ... which have a poor flora, they will be sown by usual techniques known to those skilled in the art with cellulolytic microorganisms.

On met le matériau à composter sous forme de tas ou d'andain, on ajoute le nutriment , d'après les formules données et l'on couvre ( en aérobiose os anaérobiose d'après la technique choisie ).La montée en température est en général très rapide, de quelques heures à quelques jours. Ceci traduit la croissance microbienne intense. We put the material to compost in the form of a pile or swath, we add the nutrient, according to the given formulas and we cover it (in aerobic anaerobic osmosis according to the chosen technique). general very fast, from a few hours to a few days. This reflects intense microbial growth.

La température atteint souvent des pics de 600 ou plue. A ce moment il y a thermodestruction de la flore , et s'établit un plateau thermique autour de 40 à 50 ce qui suffit pour un compostage rapide.The temperature often reaches peaks of 600 or higher. At this time there is thermodestruction of the flora, and a thermal plateau is established around 40 to 50 which is sufficient for rapid composting.

Après un à deux mois le processus arrive à son terme . Le produit peut alors être séché et broyé.Des analyses détermineront la nécessité ou pas d'ajouter des éléments fortilisants ( N,K,P,Ca ). De cette façon on obtient un compost de très grande qualité; beau d'aspect, à grand pouvoir dabsorbtion d'eau et riche en matières orga- niques, surtout humiques. Par cela même le produit ainsi obtenu est supérieur à la tourbe minérale d'importation.  After one to two months the process comes to an end. The product can then be dried and ground. Analyzes will determine whether or not to add fortifying elements (N, K, P, Ca). In this way we obtain a very high quality compost; beautiful in appearance, with great water absorption power and rich in organic matter, especially humic. By this very fact the product thus obtained is superior to the imported mineral peat.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Produit ou nutriment servant à accélérer le compostage des déchets cellulosiques agr@coles et industrielles , caractérisé par le présence d'hydrates de carbone , rapidement assimil@bles par les micrcorganismes.Ces hydrates de carbone sont de la famille des sucres ( saccerose, glucose etc .. ) et/ou d'amidons. 1) Product or nutrient used to accelerate the composting of agricultural and industrial cellulosic waste, characterized by the presence of carbohydrates, quickly assimilated by microorganisms. These carbohydrates are from the sugar family (saccerose, glucose etc.) and / or starches. 2) Nutriment ou produit selon la revendication 1 caractérisé par 1'adJonction de proteines ou de leurs produits de dégradation o-e t peptones, acides aminés et similaires, afin d'activer encore plus la croissance bactérienne.2) Nutrient or product according to claim 1 characterized by the addition of proteins or their degradation products o-e t peptones, amino acids and the like, in order to further activate bacterial growth. 3) Nutriment selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications précédentes caractérisé par l'adjonction de produite azotés pour améliorer le rapport N/C des matériaux à poster.3) Nutrient according to either of the preceding claims, characterized by the addition of nitrogenous products to improve the N / C ratio of the materials to be posted. 4) Nutriment selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé par l'adjonction de microorganismes hydrolysants les celluloses et lignines.4) Nutrient according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the addition of hydrolyzing microorganisms, celluloses and lignins. 5) Produit selon des revendications précédentes caractérisé par l'adjonction d'en zym@s favorisant le compostage ( hydrolases, cellulases )5) Product according to previous claims characterized by the addition of zym @ s promoting composting (hydrolases, cellulases) 6) Nutriment selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé par l'adjonction de colloïdes minéraux , végétaux ou artificiels servant à mieux fixer les microorganismes et/ou enzymes sur le substrat à composter.6) Nutrient according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the addition of mineral, plant or artificial colloids serving to better fix the microorganisms and / or enzymes on the substrate to be composted. 7) Produit selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé par le fait qu'il contiens en plus des substances tampons par maintenir le pH durant le compostage. 7) Product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains, in addition to the buffer substances, maintaining the pH during composting.
FR8408745A 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 Process for the accelerated composting of waste containing cellulose material Withdrawn FR2571717A1 (en)

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FR8408745A FR2571717A1 (en) 1984-06-01 1984-06-01 Process for the accelerated composting of waste containing cellulose material

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994022790A1 (en) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-13 Bandurski William E Method to produce a substitute for peat moss
WO1999057079A1 (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-11-11 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Method for enzymatic immobilization of waste materials and fibrous materials containing lignocellulose from after-growing raw materials for utilization as peat substitutes
WO1999057080A1 (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-11-11 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Method for nitrogen-saturated immobilization of waste materials and fibrous materials based on raw materials containing lignocellulose from after-growing raw materials for utilization as peat substitutes
US6471741B1 (en) * 1996-02-28 2002-10-29 Clare H. Reinbergen Liquid soil enrichment microbial compositions
ES2193892A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-11-01 Expansion 1996 S L Nitrogenated fertilizer and procedure for obtaining thereof
WO2006082264A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-10 Universidad De Sevilla Method of obtaining biostimulants from agro-industrial residues
CN100422120C (en) * 2005-10-13 2008-10-01 黑龙江禾芙康农药制造有限公司 Formula of polypeptide liquid fertilizer and its preparation method

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994022790A1 (en) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-13 Bandurski William E Method to produce a substitute for peat moss
US6471741B1 (en) * 1996-02-28 2002-10-29 Clare H. Reinbergen Liquid soil enrichment microbial compositions
WO1999057079A1 (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-11-11 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Method for enzymatic immobilization of waste materials and fibrous materials containing lignocellulose from after-growing raw materials for utilization as peat substitutes
WO1999057080A1 (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-11-11 Bioprodukte Prof. Steinberg Gmbh Method for nitrogen-saturated immobilization of waste materials and fibrous materials based on raw materials containing lignocellulose from after-growing raw materials for utilization as peat substitutes
ES2193892A1 (en) * 2002-04-29 2003-11-01 Expansion 1996 S L Nitrogenated fertilizer and procedure for obtaining thereof
WO2006082264A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-10 Universidad De Sevilla Method of obtaining biostimulants from agro-industrial residues
ES2259542A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2006-10-01 Universidad De Sevilla Method of obtaining biostimulants from agro-industrial residues
CN100422120C (en) * 2005-10-13 2008-10-01 黑龙江禾芙康农药制造有限公司 Formula of polypeptide liquid fertilizer and its preparation method

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