FR2570733A1 - PROCESS FOR REMOVING THE UPPER MOISTURE OF WALLS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A PROCESS FOR REVERSE THE BATTERY EFFECT WHICH, INSIDE THE WALLS, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE RISING OF THE WATER. IT IS CONSTITUTED BY THE INSERTION OF THERMOCOUPLES IN CAVITES OR SLOTS BORED IN THE MASONRY, WITH INJECTION OF HYGROSCOPIC CEMENT ADDED TO INSECTICIDE OR BACTERICIDE PRODUCTS, OR FUNGICIDES.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of

  the humidity of the walls. This process treats the rising moisture coming from the soil and that starts with a capillary phenomenon, soon amplified by the well-known fact (Reuss 1908) of the establishment of a natural pile in the masonry between the dry part and the wet part . Hence the ingenious idea to interpose on the route of these lifts a metallic obstacle whose role is to reverse the direction of the current and therefore

  to stop the pump effect. Moisture is thus returned to the ground.

  With or without external power source various processes have been

used.

  Processes that require a connection to an external source of electrical current bear the disadvantage of electro-erosion,

rapid deterioration possible.

  The so-called passive processes themselves are not immune to electro-

  erosion when copper anodes are used, and the use of other metals does not protect them from the causes of failure which are the variations of geomagnetism and the very important potential variations at the same point in the world. ambient air, which can ultimately undergo inversions in low-lying areas above the ground. Likewise, these processes remain sensitive to the sometimes intense fields created by the electrical conductors circulating at various heights on and in the walls / by the household appliances.

and audio-visuals.

  According to the present invention, a surprising result has been obtained by a process which does not require external energy supply while ensuring

  a negative pole irreversibly attached to the ground.

  of sufficient potential to invert the stack effect in the walls in any circumstance and finally by creating a field capable of

  to act effectively on diffuse ions in the masonry.

  The method of the invention is based on known physical laws: There is a potential difference between the two ends of an open chain of conductors if this chain is asymmetrical. The two metals in

  contact do not possess the same proportion of free electrons. For a temperature

  one is rich in electrons, the other is poor. There will thus be passage of electrons from one metal to another until the separation surface between the two conductors reaches a certain electrical state (which for a given temperature depends on the metals in contact). At this moment the electrons do not pass; the metal that has lost electrons has electrified positively, the one that has won electrons (at the expense of -2 - the other) has electrified negatively and there exists, consequently a

  potential difference at the ends. If the temperature rises, the agitation

  The difference in potential increases in a characteristic way according to the nature of the metals in presence. We formed a thermo-couple. This effect is due to two phenormenes of unequal importance: - The Volta effect When two metallic conductors are in contact and in thermal equilibrium, there exists between them a difference of potential which depends on the nature of the metals and the temperature of the jonmic. This

  voltage may be of the order of volt.

  - The Thomson effect: Between two points of a driver there is a difference of

  potential of some microvolts if the temperatures are unequal.

  The method includes the use, for example, of heat

  following torques: - iron - constantan Type J - copper - ccnstantan Type T chrome - Alumiel Type K - chrome -constantan Type E The colors of reference are of the French type: - outside and negative: black - positive: yellow (Norms NF E 1800 1 of 1958) This compliance ensures the reproducibility of thermocouple effects. It is obvious that the thermDcouple must withstand the environment. As a result, the thermocouples used undergo a coating of plastic, or varnish o coatings most suitable for this umef

  environment, and they can be interconnected.

  Thermocouples before their introduction into masonry

  require no electrical measurements of potentials prevailing in the tors.

  (Figure 3). They are introduced in holes drilled obliquely into the foundations at distances ranging from 25 to 50 years, on average 40 cm, or in vertical grooves. They are then sealed by plugging

  the hole (by filling or under low pressure) with a hygroscopic cement.

  This cement, depending on the circumstances, may be supplemented with

  insecticides, bactericides or fungicides.

  3- The cirment increases the speed of contact, ensures the maintenance of

  this one and helps to strengthen the strength of the masonry.

  Thus installed, the thermocouple permanently ensures the establishment

  electromagnetic field. This field, in a point A whose distance to the thermocouple (assumed to be reduced to a wire F) is equal to r is given by the formula (1 being the linear load): - Ur)

__ _ Ur-

  21o r The distribution of the field around the thermocouple is of form

cylindrical.

  The potential V, at the distance r from a full cylinder D radius

  a carrying the volume charge p is given by the formula: -

V = Va (1 + 2 ln (r / a) for r> a

  this as a function of the potential Va on the surface of the cylinder.

  Diffuse ions inside the masonry are in solution

  in a polar solvent, water, the molecules of which have an elec-

  standing pole. The solvent molecules line up along the ion field lines and move to the region where the field is most intense. They thus tend to agglutinate around the ion, which is said to be solvated. The dipole, aligned along a field line, is dragged along this line of field towards the region where this field is the most intense, bearing with it its crown of polar solvent, here the water of the wall. This training process is far superior to the interdipole forces, known as

  van der Waals, which are of the order of 1 / r 7.

  The described method places the electronic transfer in the majority of cases, in a system which is strongly influenced by the exclusion principle of PALI. Because of their high mobility, the electrons form a screen around positive ions that instantly adapts to the movements of the latter. In general, external sphere transfer is avoided in which two ions share the same ligand during the electronic transfer in favor of the internal sphere transfer occurring during the collision.

between two complexes.

  Insensitive to electro-erosion due to its coating, with each increase of the temperature (heating, sunshine, pipes

  hot water, etc.) the thermocouple increases the differences in

  between the anode and the cathode, and its effectiveness on

  ionic solutions of mlr increases accordingly.

  - 4 - This is a process that is based on well-established physical bases, insensitive to external influences that are the cause of failures in other forms of intervention against moisture walls. Its activity is maintained by the thenrmocouple in a practically indefinite way, which considerably accelerates the drying process of the walls, without however endangering the solidity of the masonry as in the contribution

  brutal external electrical energy.

  The constitution of thermocouples bars of various sections, tubes, bundles of rods or son, networks, allows him to adapt

  to all the problems to be solved.

  Thermocouples introduced into holes or slots dug to the foundations, are contained entirely in the masonry and do not need to be connected to probes at ground level. They can be used on all types of walls, thin, thick or very thick,

  in the outer and inner walls. Camme in basements and cellars.

  They can be connected to measuring devices.

  The practical embodiment of the present invention will be

  explained more clearly in the description which will follow, as a non

  limiting with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  Figure 1 represents the initial stage of entry of water into Mturs, by capillarity and osmosis n? 1 wet ground n 2 basement n 3 wall and foundation n0 4 channels of water penetration by capillarity

and osmosis.

  FIG. 2 represents an elevational section of a wall implanted in the ground: n wet ground n 2 wall having already undergone the water inlet by capillarity n 3 way of ascension of the water in the wall by the effect of the potential difference between the upper part and the lower part of the wall Figure 3 represents the most common mode of implantation of the

thermocouple in the wall.

-5 -

  The field of the thermoDcouple will inhibit the operation of the pump effect of moisture by deriving the potential difference: n 1 wet ground n 2 hole drilled in the wall to the foundations n 3 thermocouple RESULTS: On walls of thicknesses and of various construction types, the degree of humidity which varied from 13.5 to 16.8% in weight was reduced to rates of 1.5 to 3.6% in periods of time between two months and a half and four months simply by ensuring a "breathing" of the wall and good ventilation. We draw attention to the fact that this

  process, depriving termites of water and chasing them by insecticide injection.

  cides mixed with the filling mortar is an excellent and inexpensive means of control against these insects whose harmful action area continues to

to extend in FRANCE.

-6 -

-REENDICAICNS

  1 - Method of treating the rising damp walls characterized in that it consists of the use of thermocouples introduced into holes or slots in combinations of these two cavities in the masonry, oblique or vertical, dug to the foundations.

  2 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the ther-

  tmocouples are isolated and / or connected to each other, possibly connected to devices of nesure, without any link to telluric probes and are

  contained entirely in the walls.

  3 - Process according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that

  the thermocouples are protected against electro-erosion by plastics,

  varnishes or other suitable coatings.

  4 - Process according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized by the

  makes it usable on all types of walls whatever their

  thick, thin, thick or very thick.

  - Process according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized by

  thermocouples of the following type are used: a) iron-constantan Type J b) copper-constantan Type T c) dome alumel Type K d) constant-type dchromatic E (Standards NF E 18001 of 1958), or any other ompDosition of theirmccouples .

  6 - Process according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 characterized

  in that the thermocouples can be in the form of: - solid bars of various sections - networks, - tubes, - bundles of rods,

- bundles of wires.