FR2562765A1 - MICROCOSM WITH BIOLOGICAL REGENERATION CAPACITY BY DYNAMICALLY BALANCED OXIDATION / REDUCTION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS AN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM MATERALLY CLOSED AND ENERGY OPEN. A CLOSED CONTAINER 12 HOUSING ANIMAL 24, VEGETAL 22 AND MICROBIOLOGICAL 26 LIFEFORMS AND 18, 20 MEDIA ALLOWING A MUTUAL EXCHANGE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATTER BETWEEN THE FORMS OF LIFE CONSTITUTES AN OXYNADATIFREDUCTIVE MICROCOSM DRIVING IN EQUILIBRIUM. IN THE REDUCING PORTION OF THE CYCLE, THE PLANT FORMS PRODUCE OXYGEN AND ORGANIC MATTER THAT IS CONSUMED BY ANIMAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FORMS. IN THE OXIDATIVE PORTION, THESE LATTER PRODUCTS INORGANIC MATERIALS AND FREE NITROGEN FOR PLANT FORMS. ENERGY PERPETUATING THE OXIDATIVE-REDUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE MICROCOSM IS PROVIDED BY VISIBLE LIGHT (SOURCE 28). THE CONSTITUENTS MUST BE KEPT IN A PREDETERMINABLE TEMPERATURE RANGE. APPLICATION: SURVIVAL STUDY IN THE FIELD OF INTERPLANETARY TRAVEL AND THE COLONIZATION OF SPACE.

Description

The present invention relates to systems

  biological support and has more specifically

  relates to a materially ecological system

  closed, open from the energy point of view.

  For centuries, man has attempted to create an environment of animal and plant species associations to breed, cross or harvest any species, or for his own profit or benefit. his entertainment. Examples of profit include raising purebred animals and creating hybrid strains. Examples of entertainment include

  aquariums, ant farms and zoos.

  All these efforts have in common the need for

  to infuse materials / energy by means of

  organic matter and to eliminate and destroy waste.

  To the knowledge of the Applicant, there is no case of a physically closed environment containing active organisms visible to the naked eye, created until

  present, which does not require to some extent the introduction

  organic matter and / or waste disposal for continued or long-term persistence

(for example for years).

  The advancement of the technologies needed for man's journey into space can make interplanetary travel and space colonization feasible in the not-too-distant future. To survive such a hike, humans or other life forms are confined inside spacecraft for extended periods of time. It is therefore necessary to create in such a materially closed spacecraft a balance of indispensable biological forms and inorganic materials in order to maintain life forms for extended periods of time, during

  their normally expected life intervals, or perhaps

  to be even beyond. By definition, the only infusion or extraction of energy in such an environment may be the radiating energy transmitted through one or

  several walls of the vehicle or generated in the latter.

  Therefore, this radiant energy together with biological forms and inorganic materials

  enclosed must be sufficient to enable the accomplishment

  self-sustaining reduction and oxidation reactions which are known to be necessary for

life.

  The planet earth is obviously capable of

  to bear life with only the infusion of radiant energy, mainly of solar light (as far as we know). The space surrounding the planet

  earth serves as a barrier or natural barrier to

  mission of significant amounts of organic and inorganic matter to and from the earth, but does not entirely prohibit this transmission, as evidenced by the meteorites that

  hit the planet earth and by the ships of exploration

  sent from the earth into the solar system (or beyond). Therefore, the planet earth is not totally closed from the material point of view, in the sense

mechanics of the term.

  The present invention constitutes, literally

  a microcosm. A closed container, maintained within a predetermined temperature range and having at least one transparent wall surface, encloses a liquid medium and a gaseous medium. A set of plant, animal and microbiological biological forms inhabit the liquid medium while the gaseous medium serves mainly as a reservoir for the different gases.

  produced during the reduction and oxidation reactions.

  In the reduction part of the cycle, light stimulates photosynthetic biological forms (mainly plants) to convert inorganic nutrients contained in the liquid medium into oxygen and organic matter. In the oxidation part of the cycle, animal and microbiological life forms transform free oxygen and organic matter into carbon dioxide and inorganic matter. As the correct balance of populations of biological forms is achieved, only energy in the form of visible light must be added to sustain life during

  the normal lifetimes of the different biological forms

or longer.

  One of the main purposes of this

  invention is therefore to create an ecological system

  than materially closed and energetically open.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed container containing an association

  plant, animal and microbiological forms of

  linked to each other so as to support each other

  for an indefinite period.

  Another object of the present invention is to find a self-regulating and self-sustaining ecological system of different biological forms in a closed container exposed to a source of radiant energy. Another object of the present invention is to cry out in a closed container different biological forms capable of a maintained life, mutually interdependent by proper irradiation of the container.

with radiant energy.

  The present invention also aims to create in a closed container at least one medium for a plurality of biological forms and the storage of material developed by one or more biolgical forms until the material is required

  by others among the biological forms.

  Another or an embodiment of the present invention

  is to realize a microcosm of the planet earth.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed container for indefinitely maintaining biological forms and other constituents by irradiating the container with radiant energy.

  at the photosynthetic wavelengths of the

  tromagnétique. Another object of the present invention is to find a method for creating in a closed container a microcosm capable of maintaining indefinitely

life.

  Another object of the present invention is to find a method for maintaining life in a closed container suitably irradiated with energy.

radiant.

  Other features and benefits of

  the present invention will emerge from the description

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of the oxidation / reduction cycle;

  FIG. 2 illustrates a form of embodiment

  of the present invention;

  FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration

  that of the operation of the invention; FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and 4e illustrate the method of embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4f illustrates a variant of the invention and represents the insertion of a source of energy or photons inside the container; FIG. 5 illustrates a first variant of the invention; and - Figure 6 illustrates a second variant

of the invention.

  Key to the legends of Figure 3; f = function imposing the radiant energy (low entropy energy), f '= function imposing the transmitted energy (energy of high entropy), 0 / = net transfer speed, S = entropy, XA = autotrophic compartment (reduction) , XH = heterotrophic compartment (oxidation), CHNOPS = carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,

phosphorus, sulfur.

  FIG. 1 represents an illus-

  simplified, the fundamental functions assumed by the three main groups of biological forms that interdependently maintain themselves within the microcosm. Plants or algae, in response

  to irradiation by light, produce by photosynthesis

  thesis, free oxygen and organic matter (growth) while consuming carbon dioxide and inorganic chemicals. Animals

  Consists of oxygen and food, releases carbon dioxide

  and produce organic waste. Microbiological forms consume free oxygen, oxidize organic waste and produce carbon dioxide

  and inorganic chemicals.

  It follows from the description which precedes

  that the three identified types of biological forms are interdependent. Plant biological forms produce free oxygen only in the presence of light. The light source may be solar light or artificial light of the type dispensed

  certain fluorescent lamps, provided that the expo-

  sition is sufficient to maintain the adequate level of photosynthesis, but limited enough to prevent overheating of the microcosm. All life forms consume oxygen continuously. Therefore, there must be some means of storing any excess free oxygen during periods when there is insufficient light to produce free oxygen. Such a medium may be a liquid or a gas, which depends mainly on the type, the population density and the nature of the plant and animal biological forms. It should be noted here that photosynthetic organisms accomplish oxidative and reductive metabolisms; reductive (photosynthetic) metabolisms occur only in the presence of light

  while oxidative metabolisms are continuous.

  When light is sufficient, reductive metabolism offsets oxidative metabolism and a clear excess

oxygen is produced.

  FIG. 2 represents a microcosm 10 housing the life forms and the processes illustrated schematically in FIG. 1. The microcosm comprises a container 12 provided with a neck 14 sealed at the level

  closure 16, and placed on a support 17. The recital

  may be made of any chemically opaque, non-toxic material that does not leak

  gas in any direction and which is nevertheless

  less transparent to all or most of the

  wavelengths of photosynthesis of the electromagnetic spectrum

  than (35 to 100 nm). It was also learned that transparency

  the wall or walls of the container to molecules or atoms should be approximately that of conventional laboratory glassware. Preferably,

  the container is made of transparent borosilicate glass

  cate, such as glass of the type sold under the brand name

  filed "PYREX". The integrity of the closure 16 of the

  must be equal to or greater than the integrity of

  the wall or walls of the container.

  The fluid medium (s) found in

  container 12 must be suitable for the biota contained

  naked in the container. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, two fluids are incorporated in the container. Medium 18 is a liquid free of toxins and salinity appropriate to the biota contained in the container. In one embodiment of the invention, the medium 18 is a liquid whose salinity is approximately 11 thousandths, this salinity being obtained by mixing the distilled water with dehydrated marine salts or by diluting about one-third

normal seawater.

  Medium 20 is a gas which may be atmospheric air. Medium 20 acts primarily as a reservoir that stores both oxygen and carbon dioxide. The desired amount of medium is a function of the integral of the metabolic rates of the biota contained in the container 12 and the lengths and frequencies of the alternating periods of light and darkness to which the microcosm is exposed. The medium 20, at the time of the closure, must not

  contain less than 80% of nitrogen and not less than 20% of oxy-

  gene plus (optionally) non-toxic trace gases, in quantity and type that we encounter

  normally in the uncontaminated terrestrial atmosphere.

  The necessity or the benefit of the presence of

  the trace state is not fully understood.

  The main purpose of medium 20 is to store

  In this case, this storage can be carried out for much larger quantities per unit volume in the medium than in the medium. From a functional point of view, the medium

  stores excess oxygen produced by photosyn-.

  thesis during periods of exposure of the container 12 to light; a little oxygen is also stored

  secondarily in the middle 18. Similarly, the carbon gas

  that during the period of darkness is stored mainly in the medium 20 and a less amount is stored in the medium 18. During periods of non-lightning, the oxygen stored in the media 18 and 20 is depleted and is replaced to some extent by carbon dioxide, the latter being a product of metabolism

  oxidative animals, bacterial and foreign to the photosyn-

  thesis. In one successful microcosm embodiment, the container 12 was a one-liter spherical balloon. Middle 18 occupied two-thirds of the volume and the rest of the

  volume was occupied by the middle 20 at atmospheric pressure

  at sea level (approximately 0.1 MPa).

  To better define the desired quantity by volume of medium 20, it may be mentioned that the volume must be sufficient to store most of

  of oxygen produced by photosynthesis during

  illumination and most of the carbon dioxide produced by oxidative metabolic functions during periods of non-light. Consequently,

  the desired volume of medium 20 is a function of the metabolites

  my photosynthetic composite, non metabolism

  composite photosynthetics and the length of time

  darkness to which microcosms are exposed.

  It should also be noted that the metabolic rate of

  Poikilothermal organisms (all species other than birds and mammals) can generally vary with temperature, time of day and time of year.

  It was found that there was no imbalance

  free if the microcosm was maintained mostly in a temperature range of 15 to 32 C. Occasional excursions above and below this temperature range for limited periods did not produce a permanent adverse effect . A

  complete envelope of favorable relations between

  ture and time is not available at this time. Such an envelope would depend in part on the particular association of plant species, micro-organisms and animals constituting life forms in association

  in any container of given dimensions and requires

  to be developed by empirical methods.

  As proof of the reduction / oxy-

  in a microcosm 10, it is not uncommon for small bubbles to be formed on the

  plant species during exposure to light.

  These bubbles are free oxygen bubbles produced by

  plant species during the reduction reactions.

  After a period of deprivation of light, the bubbles disappear. The disappearance is largely due to the consumption of excess oxygen by oxidation reactions. The constituents responsible for the photosynthesis metabolism or the reduction reaction are described below. The plant life forms in the container 12 have two critical biological functions: (1) photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide and water to oxygen; and (2) carbohydrate production

  and amino acids. These bodies are produced by processes

  photosynthesis that consume water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various trace elements. Thus, plant life forms elaborate some of the food forms of animal life and microbiological life in container 12 and all of the necessary oxygen

  by the oxidative metabolisms of plants and the metabolites

  my oxidative forms of animal life and micro-life

  biological. Criteria for plant life forms that make them favorable and usable microcosmic constituents include the following: (1) they must grow and thrive under conditions of salinity, light and temperature compatible with the requirements of animal and plant life forms; microbiological life in the container; (2) they must be non-toxic to animal life and microbiological life forms; and (3) they must allow proper nutrition of animal life and microbiological life forms. According to these criteria, it is evident that plant life forms can be selected species of angiosperms (higher plants), macroscopic algae, microscopic algae or

photosynthetic bacteria.

  Research to date suggests that all microscopic algae of brackish water, many seaweed macroscopic waters

  brackish and some higher plants in brackish water

  can be satisfactory photosynthetic components of environmentally sound systems

  closed and energetically open. The microscopic algae

  at the moment of their introduction into the container 12 of a liter of capacity, they must advantageously be

  of the order of 2 x 109 cells and macroscopic algae

  must represent a higher number of cells of at least one order of magnitude. The largest numbers of cells concerning macroscopic algae are

  judicious, because the whole surface of the individual cells

  dual macroscopic algae is not available

  for the capture of photons during periods of illumination

  and because, in general, the rates of cell division or reproduction of macroscopic algae

  are well below those of microscopic algae.

  As a variant, the amount of macrobiological forms

  plant life can be measured in volume in the case where one or more cubic centimeters of

  wet plant life has produced satisfactory results.

  sants. A greater guarantee of success of the choice of organic forms of plants is obtained if we collect

  these forms in the same habitat as that in which we collect

  animal life forms, or in similar habitats.

  lar. In certain embodiments of the microcosms, visible plant biological forms, initially introduced, have disappeared while visible animal biological forms have continued to flourish. In these particular systems, a natural selection process has emerged which has resulted in the replacement of visible algal forms with

  shapes too small to be visible to the naked eye.

  This conclusion was confirmed by the success of micro-

  materially closed tissues that have been established using only single-celled algae forms too small to be visible to the naked eye. However, the exact stimuli and mechanisms for these natural selection processes are still unclear. The forms of animal life introduced in

  container 12 may consist of individual species

  any or any combination of species

  these having certain general characteristics which allow them to survive for several years in closed containers and which present as others

  characteristics: (a) the absence of intraspecific aggression

  that and / or cannibalism; (b) if. more than two species are introduced, the absence of interspecific aggression and / or cannibalism; (c) characteristics of

  reproduction which assumes the continuity of a mosaic cycle

  oxidation / ruce ion: balanced ion inside the container; (d) the absence of metabolic byproducts that are toxic to any of the biological forms present; (e) the absence of post-mortem decomposition products that are toxic to present life forms; (f) immunity to deleterious infection by microorganisms that are

  actually or potentially endemic to the environment

  inside the container, which environment is otherwise favorable to the survival of these microorganisms; And (g) the absence of any characteristics that would result in the sequestration of critical system resources into a single species and thus result in these resources becoming unavailable to other organisms or groups of organisms in the same species.

  the microcosm materially closed.

  In one microscome embodiment, the animal life form used is Halocaridina rubra shrimp (Holthuis). This crustacean reaches a maximum length of about 14 mm. To guarantee a

  high probability of achieving an oxidative equilibrium

  correct reduction / reduction in microcosm 10, no more than six shrimps per liter

  of the internal volume of the container 12. However,

  were occasionally successfully carried out

with larger proportions.

  Although the environment described in Figure 2 indicates that medium 18 must be liquid, animal life forms may be terrestrial as well.

  Aquatics in some embodiments.

  The important functions of microbiological life forms in microcosms are: (1) to oxidize organic residues into carbon dioxide and

  other inorganic constituents containing carbon.

  no, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and trace nutrients for plant forms; and (2) to ensure nutrition

  part or all of the zoological constituents

  of the microcosm. At this stage of knowledge, microbiological life forms are considered to be primarily aerobic rather than anaerobic.

  Microbiological life forms are reproduced

  quickly and, after the closure of the container,

  they quickly adjust their numbers and their

  to successfully assume their functions within the microcosm. Experiences and analysis indicate that there is no need to exercise

  influences to achieve the regulation of the popula-

  microbiological This suggests that for these life forms, natural selection processes act

  correctly in this environment.

  Analysis of samples of microbiological life forms taken from established microcosms indicates that these forms are predominant in substrates contained in medium 18 rather than suspended in the medium itself. Therefore, it is considered that the ingestion of microbiological forms by macrobiological forms is carried out both directly by feed and by ingestion of the forms of

plant life.

  There is no knowledge or ex-

  sufficient in the fields of algology and bacteriology to accurately determine the composition and quantity of plant life forms and microbiological life forms to be provided

  to a given number of representatives of a particular species

  of animal life forms. However, certain guiding rules have been established as indicated above. If these guidelines are followed and the mentioned conditions of external environment exist, life is maintained for years at

within the microcosm.

  In these life-sustaining microcosms, the quantity of any number or all of the plant, microbiological and animal life forms, at various times after the closure of the container, varies from the initial conditions. This variance clearly indicates that biological adjustment continues at least until metabolic equilibrium has been achieved between the reductive and oxidative classes of reactions under the particular external conditions imposed. It is considered that this process of metabolic adjustment and natural selection constitute the decisive and essential criteria to be maintained for the natural durations of life of various forms.

  exist in the microcosm.

  Periodically, some of the plant life forms can die. Forms of plant life that are dead are broken down by microbiological life forms. Similarly, during the establishment

  of a balance in the microcosm, one or more individuals

  due to animal life forms can die. Of course, other natural causes can also be responsible for their death. Dead animal life forms may or may not be eaten by the remaining forms of life

  according to their inclination for this type of food.

  All dead and uneaten animal forms of life are inevitably decomposed by microbiological forms of life more or less rapidly depending on the type

  the nature and composition of these latter forms.

  In any case, dead animal biological forms are decomposed and the inorganic matter that results

  is recycled and redistributed to the remaining life forms.

  Further details of the function of a micro-

  10 are described with reference to FIG.

  cosme, which is a system with biological regeneration capacity, reduced to the simplest possible expression, is an oxidation and reduction network in dynamic equilibrium, enlivened by light. Figure 3 shows the basic elements of such a network. Photosynthetic organisms, ie living higher plants and / or live algae and / or live photosynthetic bacteria, reduce carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates and oxygen in the light energy + 6CO2 + reaction 6H20C6H1206 + 60 Thus, organic matter is produced and free oxygen

  is supplied to the media 18 and 20 in the container 12.

  Breathing is the oxidative reaction as opposed to photosynthesis. This counter-reaction is: C6H1206 + 6024 heat + 6CO2 + 6H20o When animal life forms oxidize their food and when microbiological life forms oxidize organic residues into inorganic matter, the oxidative reaction

fundamental above takes place.

  it should be remembered that the actual network of chemical reactions or metabolic processes

  in a materially closed microcosm goes beyond

  Many orders of magnitude in complexity of the simple basic reactions described above and illustrated in Figure 3a and involves many more chemical elements than these reactions. Nevertheless, in the analysis

  final, the production by reduction of carbohydrates and

  gene must equal the oxidative production of water and

  carbon dioxide so that the system with regenerative capacity

  biology approach reaches a state of dynamic equilibrium.

  FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a container 2 within which is disposed a source of energy 28. This source of energy can be used in a container 12 when this container is placed in an environment unable to contain an external source of energy or when this external source of energy is not practical or is less appreciated. The power supplied to the power source 28 can come from a

  external source, as suggested by

  30 from the container. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 6, a power source 28 disposed within the container 12 may enclose its own power source 32. The power source

  can be an atomic reactor or some other type of genera-

  A power source capable of a long life by producing sufficient power to keep the power source energized. Means such as a carrier 34 may be used to secure the power source 28 and its source of power. supply 32 to a wall of the container 12. Other means of support or setting

  in place are also envisaged.

  The method of producing the microcosm is described with reference to all of FIGS. 4a to 4e. A container 12, whose capacity is preferably 1 to 2 liters, is filled half or three quarters of liquid medium 18. The liquid medium is preferably distilled water in which is dissolved a composition of sea salts , to produce a salinity of about 11 thousandths. These salts can be obtained by evaporation of freely flowing uncontaminated seawater. Plant life forms such as microscopic algae, macroscopic algae or higher plants 22, each of which is subservient to brackish water, may be disposed within the container. If you have microscopic algae,

  the initial quantity must be of the order of 2 x 109 cel-

  If macroscopic algae are available, the number of cells must be at least an order of magnitude higher; a wet weight of about 3 to 6 g. These latter criteria are also applicable to plant life forms belonging to higher orders. As a variant, the quantity of shapes

  plant life can be measured in volume; one cent-

  to be moderately moist organic plant cube

  compressed has given satisfactory results.

  Introduced forms of animal life must meet the seven criteria listed above. If shrimps 24 of the species Halocaridina rubra are introduced, their number may be six or less

  shrimp per liter of container volume 12. The introduction

  production of microbiological life forms 26 can be carried out at the same time as the introduction of

  of plant life and forms of animal life.

  When the medium 18, the mineral substances (salts), the plant life forms and the animal life forms are introduced into the container 12, certain precautions must be taken to ensure that the medium remains uncontaminated air or a particular uncontaminated gaseous mixture, such as

indicated above, be introduced.

  The closure 16 in the neck 14 of the container 12 is preferably made by localized heating using a flame, according to conventional methods.

  blowing glass. The technique used is determin-

  nante to ensure a quick closure and therefore to avoid microcosm overheating or breakage

  glass due to the important cold thermal mass

  aunt fluids contained in the container. As indicated above, the integrity of the closure 16 must

  equivalent to the integrity of the walls of the container.

  Figure 4f illustrates the insertion of a

  energy source 28 in the container 12 before closing

  of the latter. This insertion of a source of energy, whether it is an autonomous source or powered by an external power source, the latter being

* represented by wires 30, can be accomplished within the

  container for environments that can not be equipped with an external power source or when this external power source is not practical. While the principles of the present invention have been clearly set forth in one embodiment, it is obvious to those skilled in the art

  that many modifications of structures,

  of proportions, elements, materials and components used in the practice of the invention and particularly adapted to particular environments and operating conditions, may

  to be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (34)

  An oxidative / reductive microcosm in dynamic equilibrium, with biological regeneration capacity, capable of adjusting the velocities and interdependencies of its metabolic processes so as to achieve and maintain said dynamic equilibrium by maximizing its equilibrium.   use of the photosynthetic wavelength energy   which it disposes, characterized in that it comprises in association: (a) a container (12) defining the limits of said microcosm; (b) a closure for closing off said container (12); (c) photosynthetic biological forms (22, 26) disposed within the vessel for producing oxygen and organic matter in the reductive portion of the cycle; (d) nonphtostynthetic biological forms   (24) disposed within said consumer container   sea oxygen, produce carbon dioxide and supply nitrogen and other inorganic materials for said photosynthetic biological forms in the oxidative portion of the cycle; (e) means (18,20) for maintaining an exchange of organic matter and inorganic material between said photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic biological forms; and (f) means (28) for infusing radiant energy into said vessel or for generating radiant energy within said vessel to perpetuate the oxidation / reduction cycle;   so that said microcosm constitutes an ecological system   physically closed and energetically open.   2. Microcosm according to claim 1, characterized in that said exchange-maintaining means comprise a first medium mainly inhabited by said photosynthetic biological forms and said non-photosynthetic biological forms and   a second medium serving mainly as a reserve of oxy-   gene and carbon dioxide. 3. Microcosm according to claim 2, characterized in that the first medium is a saline liquid solution and the second medium is a gas mixture mainly formed of oxygen and nitrogen, said second medium preferably being a mixture of at least 80 % of nitrogen and a quantity not exceeding 20% of oxygen,   and non-toxic trace gases.   4. Microcosm according to claim 3, characterized in that the saline solution comprises dehydrated sea salts and distilled water, so   to reach a salinity of about 11 thousandths.   Microcosm according to claim 1,   characterized in that said photo biological forms   synthetics include all photosynthetic bacteria   microscopic algae, macroscopic algae and / or angiosperms capable of photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide, inorganic nutrients and water in oxygen, and of carbohydrate production and amino acids.   6. Microcosm according to claim 1, characterized in that said non-photosynthetic biological forms comprise microbiological forms and also contain forms of animal life, said forms of animal life being arranged inside the container to consume organic matter and oxygen produced by said photosynthetic biological forms and for producing organic waste and carbon dioxide, that is, carbon dioxide for consumption by said photosynthetic biological forms and organic residues for consumption by microbiological forms in   the remaining part of the oxidative portion of the cycle.   7. Microcosm according to claim 6, characterized in that said exchange-maintaining means comprise a first medium mainly inhabited by said photosynthetic biological forms and said non-photosynthetic biological forms and a second medium serving mainly as a reservoir for oxygen and carbon dioxide. , the first medium being preferably a saline liquid solution and the second   medium being preferably a gaseous mixture main-   formed of oxygen and nitrogen, including a mixture of about 80% nitrogen and 20% oxygen with traces non-toxic gases.   8. Microcosm according to claim 7, characterized in that said saline solution comprises sea salts and distilled water mixed so   to achieve a salinity of 11 per 1000.   Microcosm according to claim 6,   characterized in that said photo biological forms   synthetics include any bacteria   photosynthetic, microscopic algae, macro-algae   spades and angiosperms capable of a photo-   synthetic carbon dioxide and water in oxygen   and the production of carbohydrates and amino acids.   Microcosm according to the claim   6, characterized in that the forms of animal life com-   take a single species whose characteristics are: the absence of intraspecific aggression and cannibalism; reproductive characteristics that allow the continuation of a balanced metabolic oxidation / reduction cycle within said container; the absence of toxic metabolic byproducts to any of these life forms; the lack of products   of post-mortem decomposition toxic to any one   conch forms of life; immunity to deleterious infection by microorganisms that are actually or potentially endemic to the environment in said container, which environment is otherwise favorable to the survival of said microorganisms; and the absence of features that would result in the sequestration of critical system resources into a single species and thus result in these resources becoming unavailable to other organisms or groups of organisms in that microcosm.   11. Microcosm according to one of the claims   1 and 6, characterized in that said means for informing   have a transparent wall at the lengths   of photosynthetic waves of the electromagnetic spectrum.   Microcosm according to claim 1, characterized in that said infusion means is   located inside said container.   13. An oxidative / reductive microcosm in a dynamic equilibrium intended to sustain life for several years in response to irradiation with sufficient electromagnetic energy to perpetuate the oxidation / reduction cycle capable of adjusting the speeds and interdependencies of its processes in order to achieve and maintain said dynamic equilibrium by maximizing its utilization of the energy of   photosynthetic wavelength which it possesses,   characterized in that it comprises in combination: (a) means for defining the boundary of said microcosm, said means being chemically opaque to the fluids; (b) biota including:   1) photosynthetic biotic organisms   ticks for using carbon dioxide and organic materials to produce oxygen and organic matter in response to irradiation with electromagnetic energy; and 2) biotic organisms for consuming oxygen and organic matter to produce carbon dioxide and inorganic materials; and (c) means for the exchange of   organic and inorganic materials between said biota.   Microcosm according to claim 13, characterized in that said photosynthetic biotic organisms comprise any bacteria   photosynthetic, microscopic algae, macro-algae   spades and angiosperms capable of photosynthetic   theories of carbon dioxide and water in oxygen and   of carbohydrate and amino acid production.   Microcosm according to claim 13, characterized in that said biotic organisms   consumers include microbiological life forms that and animal life forms   16. Microcosm according to one of the claims   6 and 15, characterized in that said forms   of animal life are characterized by the absence of   gression and cannibalism directed against the same 25. species and all other species of said forms of   animal life contained in said container.   17. Microcosm according to one of the claims   6 and 15, characterized in that said animal life forms are characterized by the absence of toxic metabolic byproducts to any one of said biota.   18. Microcosm according to one of the claims   5 and 15, characterized in that said animal life forms are characterized by the absence of toxic post-mortem decompoaition products. any of said biota.   19. Microcosm according to claim, characterized in that said delimiting means comprise a wall transparent to the photosynthetic wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum.   20. Microcosm according to one of the claims   6 and 13, characterized in that the means for delimiting   including a wall enclosing a source of energy.   electromagnetic energy, said source of electromagnetic energy   gnetic material preferably comprising a food source enclosed in said wall.   21. Microcosm according to one of the claims   6 and 13, characterized in that said exchange means comprise a first medium mainly inhabited by said biota and a second medium serving mainly as a reservoir of excess oxygen and nitrogen, the first medium preferably being a liquid solution saline and the second medium is preferably a mixture   gaseous oxygen and nitrogen, in particular   a mixture of not less than 80% nitrogen, not more than 20% oxygen and non-toxic in the form of traces.   22. Microcosm according to claim 21, characterized in that said photosynthetic biotic organisms comprise any bacteria   photosynthetic, microscopic algae, macro-algae   spades and angiosperms capable of photosynthetic   carbon dioxide and water in oxygen and the production of carbohydrates and amino acids and said consumer biotic organisms comprise forms   of microbiological life and forms of animal life.   23. Microcosm according to any one   claims 7, 10 and 22, characterized in that   said forms of animal life comprise a crustacean, said crustacean preferably being the species Halocaridina rubra.   24. Process for constructing an ecological system   materially closed and energetically open logic capable of indefinitely sustaining life by satisfactory irradiation with electromagnetic rays and capable of adjusting the velocities and interdependencies of its metabolic processes in order to achieve and maintain a dynamic equilibrium by maximizing   its use of the wavelength energy photosyn-   theories it possesses to perpetuate the cycle of oxidation.   reduction / process, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (a) selecting a container whose wall has sufficient integrity to be chemically opaque to liquids and gases; (b) depositing a quantity of living and healthy photosynthetic biological forms inside the container;   (c) insertion of a quantity of biological forms   living and healthy non-photosynthetic photos in the container; (d) introducing media into the container to allow an exchange of organic matter and inorganic material between the biological forms   photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic   the dynamic equilibration of the oxidation / reduction cycle and   (f) closing the container with a closure   integrity at least equal to that of the wall of the container.   25. Process according to claim 24, characterized in that the introduction step comprises an operation for mixing a solution of sea salts. and water.   26. The process according to claim 25, characterized in that said mixing step comprises mixing distilled water with sea salts for   to obtain a salinity of 11 thousandths.   27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that said introducing step comprises the establishment of a first medium in the container mainly intended to be populated by the photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic biological forms and a second medium serving mainly as a reservoir. of oxygen and carbon dioxide.   28. The method of claim 24, characterized in that said inserting step comprises   the choice of an aquatic animal life form, preferably   the choice of a crustacean, in particular the choice of the species Halocaridina rubra.   29. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that said depositing step comprises the choice of any photosynthetic bacteria,   microscopic algae, macroscopic algae and angio-   sperms capable of photosynthetic reduction of carbon dioxide and water in oxygen and production of carbohydrates and amino acids.   30.' Method according to claim 24, characterized in that said depositing step comprises   the choice of a plant life subservient to brackish water.   31. A process for creating a microcosm of biological forms that can be kept alive for many years in a materially closed and energy-efficient ecological system capable of adjusting   speeds and interdependencies of its meta-   in order to achieve and maintain a dynamic equilibrium by maximizing its use of the photosynthetic wavelength energy available to it, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (a) selecting a container whose the walls have sufficient integrity to be chemically opaque to fluids; (b) placing in the container media intended to allow the exchange of organic matter and inorganic matter between life forms; (c) depositing in the container life forms which photosynthetically reduce carbon dioxide, inorganic matter and water to oxygen, glucosides and amino acids; (d) to install in the container photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic biological forms   nucleated cells and having at least the characteristics   following: lack of intraspecific aggression and cannibalism; lack of metabolic byproducts and post-mortem decomposition products that are toxic to any of the biological forms   hereof; and lack of characteristics that lead to   would sequester critical system resources in a single species; (e) to introduce into the container photosynthetic microbiological forms as well as non-photosynthetic microbiological forms, the latter having the function of oxidizing organic residues to carbon dioxide and inorganic constituents and to allow the nutrition of at least certain zoological constituents of the container; (f) sealing the container with a closure of integrity at least equal to that of the walls of the container and (g) subjecting the biota in the irradiation unit united with photosynthetic wave lengths suitable for maintaining the necessary level of photosynthesis.   32. The method of claim 31,   characterized in that the setting operation   to have a first medium mainly inhabited by photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic biological forms-and a second medium serving mainly   oxygen tank and carbon dioxide.   33. A method according to claim 32, characterized in that said step of setting up consists in choosing aquatic animal life forms preferably to choose a crustacean, in particular to choose the species Halocaridina rubra.   34. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the implementation step consists in choosing animal life forms furthermore having the characteristic of the absence of interspecific aggression and cannibalism vis-à-vis others. animal species contained in the container.