FR2562496A1 - Lightweight all terrain vehicle with articulation and elastic direction devices - Google Patents

Lightweight all terrain vehicle with articulation and elastic direction devices Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2562496A1
FR2562496A1 FR8405776A FR8405776A FR2562496A1 FR 2562496 A1 FR2562496 A1 FR 2562496A1 FR 8405776 A FR8405776 A FR 8405776A FR 8405776 A FR8405776 A FR 8405776A FR 2562496 A1 FR2562496 A1 FR 2562496A1
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articulation
chassis
elastic
vehicle according
strip
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FR8405776A
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French (fr)
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FR2562496B1 (en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
    • B62D53/02—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a uniaxle tractor unit and a uniaxle trailer unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D11/00—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like
    • B62D11/02—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides
    • B62D11/06—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source
    • B62D11/10—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears
    • B62D11/14—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
    • B62D11/18—Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin-differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source the additional power supply being supplied hydraulically
    • B62D11/183—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D12/00—Steering specially adapted for vehicles operating in tandem or having pivotally connected frames

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The all terrain vehicle comprises two half-chassis, front 1 and rear 2 securely fastened to rigid axles 4, 5 and articulated about a vertical axis 3 defined by two linking zones between the two half- chassis 1, 2, a low one 8, and a high one 9. The articulation links 8, 9 are elastic so as to allow a deflection in any direction of the axis 3. Advantageously, the high articulation 9 comprises a pad 10 of elastic material and the low articulation 8 an elastic strip 11 wound on two drums securely fastened to each of the half-chassis 1, 2.

Description

La présente invention est relative aux véhicules tout-terrain légers comportant deux demi-châssis avant et arrière, articulés l'un à l'autre autour d'un axe vertical. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un perfectionnement à une telle articulation. The present invention relates to light all-terrain vehicles comprising two front and rear half-chassis, articulated to each other around a vertical axis. It relates more particularly to an improvement to such a joint.

Le brevet FR 2 413 229 décrit un véhicule amphibie pour la circulation sur tout terrain comprenant deux demi-ch ssis articulés autour d'un axe vertical, chaque demi-ch ssis étant solidaire d'un essieu rigide sur lequel sont montés deux rouleaux porteurs et flotteurs. L'axe d'articulation est matérialisé par deux zones séparées, l'une, basse, au niveau du plancher, l'autre, haute, au niveau du toit des demi-châssis. The patent FR 2 413 229 describes an amphibious vehicle for traffic on any terrain comprising two half-ch ssis articulated around a vertical axis, each half-ch ssis being integral with a rigid axle on which are mounted two carrying rollers and floats. The articulation axis is materialized by two separate zones, one, low, at the level of the floor, the other, high, at the level of the roof of the half-chassis.

Dans cet exemple, l'axe vertical est fixe par rapport à chacun des demichâssis.In this example, the vertical axis is fixed relative to each of the half chassis.

I1 en va de même pour d'autres véhicules comprenant deux parties articulées l'une à l'autre, comme c'est le cas par exemple, dans le brevet US 3 905 323 ou le brevet US 3 057 319 ob l'axe vertical d'articulation est fixe. I1 is the same for other vehicles comprising two parts hinged to each other, as is the case for example, in US Patent 3,905,323 or US Patent 3,057,319 ob the vertical axis of articulation is fixed.

Cette fixité présente des inconvénients. En effet, les inégalités de terrain et les changements d'accélération qu'elles nécessitent, peuvent provoquer des chocs et contraintes au niveau de l'articulation, qui, étant fixe, les encaisse plus ou moins bien et soumet les parties voisines des demi-chAssis à des conditions susceptibles de provoquer une fatigue pouvant aller jusqu'à des ruptures. Il est évidemment possible de renforcer les parties les plus vulnérables, mais ceci ne va pas sans augmentation des masses et des coûts, ce qui est difficilement acceptable si l'on veut conserver un véhicule léger, simple, rustique et d'un faible coût. This fixity has drawbacks. Indeed, the unevenness of the terrain and the changes in acceleration they require, can cause shocks and stresses at the level of the joint, which, being fixed, collects them more or less well and subjects the neighboring parts of the half chassis under conditions liable to cause fatigue, up to and including failure. It is obviously possible to reinforce the most vulnerable parts, but this is not without increasing masses and costs, which is hardly acceptable if one wants to keep a light, simple, rustic and low-cost vehicle.

L'invention se propose de remédier à ces inconvénients au moyen d'une articulation à axe vertical, non plus fixe, mais dont la position instantanée peut varier selon les conditions du moment, avec un débattement dans tout sens à l'encontre de dispositifs de rappel élastiques. The invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks by means of an articulation with a vertical axis, no longer fixed, but the instantaneous position of which can vary according to the conditions of the moment, with a movement in any direction against the elastic recall.

Les caractères techniques de l'invention qui font l'objet des revendications et certains autres avantages sont exposés dans la description qui suit et pour l'intelligence de laquelle on se réfèrera aux dessins dont - la figure 1 montre schématiquement en vue de cOté, un véhicule conforme à l'invention, - les figures 2 et 3 reprzsentent un détail de la zone d'articulation bas se de la figure 1, - la figure 4 est une vue schématique de dessus du véhicule de la figure 1. The technical characteristics of the invention which are the subject of the claims and certain other advantages are set out in the description which follows and for the understanding of which reference will be made to the drawings of which - Figure 1 shows schematically with a view to side, a vehicle according to the invention, - Figures 2 and 3 show a detail of the lower articulation zone se of Figure 1, - Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the vehicle of Figure 1.

Sauf en ce qui concerne le perfectionnement de l'articulation faisant l'objet de l'invention, le véhicule représenté aux figures 1 et 4 est similaire à celui décrit dans le brevet FR 2 413 229. On ne reviendra donc que très succinctement sur ses éléments constitutifs. Except as regards the improvement of the articulation which is the subject of the invention, the vehicle shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 is similar to that described in patent FR 2 413 229. We will therefore only return very briefly to its various components.

On reconnait sur le dessin deux demi-châssis avant 1 et arrière 2 articulés l'un à 11 autre autour d'un axe de rotation 3 de direction générale verticale. Chaque demi-châssis 1, 2 est solidaire d'un essieu rigide respectivement 4 et 5 sur lequel sont montés, de part et d'autre, deux rouleaux 6D, 6G et 7D, 7G respectivement. L'articulation des demi-châssis 1, 2 est assurée par deux zones d'articulation opposées, l'une, basse 8, au niveau du plancher des demi-châssis, l'autre, haute 9, au niveau du sommet ou toit des demi-châssis. We recognize in the drawing two front half chassis 1 and rear 2 articulated one to 11 another around an axis of rotation 3 of generally vertical direction. Each half-frame 1, 2 is secured to a rigid axle respectively 4 and 5 on which are mounted, on either side, two rollers 6D, 6G and 7D, 7G respectively. The articulation of the half-frames 1, 2 is ensured by two opposite articulation zones, one, low 8, at the level of the floor of the half-frames, the other, high 9, at the level of the top or roof of the half chassis.

Du fait du porte-à-faux des demi-châssis par rapport aux essieus rigides 4, 5, la zone d'articulation basse 8 travaille naturellement en traction et la zone haute 9 en compression au repos. Ces sollicitations restent prépondérantes dans les conditions les plus fréquentes de fonctionnement mais sont susceptibles de s'inverser dans des conditions extrâ- mes dues aux accidents de terrain. Due to the overhang of the half-chassis relative to the rigid axles 4, 5, the low articulation zone 8 works naturally in traction and the high zone 9 in compression at rest. These stresses remain predominant in the most frequent operating conditions but are liable to be reversed in extreme conditions due to accidents in the field.

Comme déjà dit, les zones d'articulation 8, 9 doivent pouvoir encaisser les efforts combinés de compression ou traction, flexion, torsion et cisaillement induits par le fonctionnement du véhicule et sans porter préjudice à la tenue de la construction des demi-châssis 1, 2 qui doit rester simple et légère. As already said, the articulation zones 8, 9 must be able to withstand the combined efforts of compression or traction, bending, torsion and shear induced by the operation of the vehicle and without prejudicing the behavior of the construction of the half-chassis 1, 2 which must remain simple and light.

Selon l'invention, la liaison au droit de l'articulation haute 9 est assurée par un tampon élastique 10 assujetti de façon connue à chacune de ses extrémités à l'un des demi-châssis 1, 2, travaillant essentiellement en compression mais pouvant également se déformer en traction, flexion et torsion en assurant un débattement en tout sens et d'amplitude limitée. Ce tampon 10 peut être avantageusement en caoutchouc dur du type courant souvent désigné par les expressions "silent-block" ou "bloc diabolo" et ne nécessite donc pas d'autre développement. According to the invention, the connection to the right of the upper articulation 9 is ensured by an elastic pad 10 secured in a known manner at each of its ends to one of the half-frames 1, 2, working essentially in compression but also being able to deform in tension, bending and torsion ensuring a displacement in any direction and of limited amplitude. This pad 10 can advantageously be made of hard rubber of the common type often designated by the expressions "silent-block" or "diabolo block" and therefore does not require any further development.

La zone d'articulation basse 8 est, comme déjà dit, appelée à travailler essentiellement en traction. Selon l'invention, les parties en correspondance des deux demi-châssis 1, 2 sont reliées par un dispositif élastique à bande du type "sandow" 11. Pour assurer le maintien en place de la bande élastique 11 par rapport aux demi-châssis 1, 2 lorsque cette partie basse 8 de l'articulation est inactive, la bande 11 est avanta geusement enroulée autour de deux tambours 12, 13 solidaires chacun d'un demi-chasis 1, 2 par leur partie supérieure et porteurs, à leur partie inférieure, d'un flasque 14, 15 ne débordant de chaque tambour 12, 13 que du côté opposé à l'autre tambour, pour permettre une plus grande liberté de mouvement relatif entre les deux tambours 12, 13. Par ailleurs, la bande élastique 11 fait au moins un tour complet 16 autour d'au moins un des tambours 13, ce qui constitue une butée torique élastique entre les deux tambours 12, 13, destinée à amortir les chocs éventuels entre les deux tambours 12, 13. Comme représenté aux figures 2 et 3, une seule bande élastique 11 convenablement enroulée peut être utilisée, mais il est évident que l'on peut aussi faire appel à plusieurs bandes pour remplir les mêmes fonctions. The lower articulation zone 8 is, as already said, called to work essentially in traction. According to the invention, the parts in correspondence of the two half-frames 1, 2 are connected by an elastic band device of the "bungee cord" type 11. To keep the elastic band 11 in place relative to the half-chassis 1 , 2 when this lower part 8 of the articulation is inactive, the strip 11 is advantageously wound around two drums 12, 13 each secured to a half-frame 1, 2 by their upper part and carriers, at their lower part , of a flange 14, 15 projecting from each drum 12, 13 only on the side opposite the other drum, to allow greater freedom of relative movement between the two drums 12, 13. Furthermore, the elastic band 11 makes at least one full turn 16 around at least one of the drums 13, which constitutes an elastic O-stop between the two drums 12, 13, intended to absorb any shocks between the two drums 12, 13. As shown in the figures 2 and 3, a single elastic band 11 suitably ent coiled can be used, but it is obvious that one can also use several bands to perform the same functions.

De ce qui précède, on voit que l'articulation des deux demi-châssis 1, 2 se fait autour d'un axe 3 de direction générale verticale mais instantané, variable selon les conditions momentanées autour d'une position moyenne. Les liaisons élastiques aux zones d'articulation 8, 9 permettent de façon extrêmement simple, peu coûteuse, sans usinage, avec une possibilité de remplacement très aisé, d'obtenir pour l'axe darticu- lation 3 un débattement en tout sens, limité par les forces de rappel élastique du tampon 10 et de la bande 11, donc d'encaisser parfaitement les inégalités du terrain. From the above, it can be seen that the articulation of the two half-frames 1, 2 takes place around an axis 3 of general vertical direction but instantaneous, variable according to the momentary conditions around a mean position. The elastic connections to the articulation zones 8, 9 allow extremely simple, inexpensive, without machining, with a very easy replacement possibility, to obtain for the articulation axis 3 a movement in any direction, limited by the elastic restoring forces of the pad 10 and of the strip 11, therefore of perfectly absorbing the unevenness of the ground.

Cette élasticité de l'articulation 3 impose que le dispositif de direction du véhicule soit lui-mssme élastique du fait du montage rigide des essieux avant 4 et arrière 5 sur les demi-châssis 1, 2, puisque seule l'articulation 3 des deux demi-chassis autorise la direction du véhicule. La figure 4 illustre un tel dispositif de direction à câble. Un câble s'enroulant sur un tambour 17 porté par une colonne de direction solidaire d'un volant 18, présente deux brins respectivement droit 19D et gauche 19G, guidés par des poulies de renvoi 201, 202, montées de part et d'autre sur chaque demi-châssis 1, 2 et ancrés ensuite en un point fixe (commun ou non) 21 du demi-châssis 2 par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif élastique 22. This elasticity of the articulation 3 requires that the vehicle steering device itself be elastic due to the rigid mounting of the front 4 and rear 5 axles on the half-frames 1, 2, since only the articulation 3 of the two half - chassis authorizes the steering of the vehicle. Figure 4 illustrates such a cable steering device. A cable winding on a drum 17 carried by a steering column secured to a steering wheel 18 has two strands, respectively right 19D and left 19G, guided by idler pulleys 201, 202, mounted on either side on each half-frame 1, 2 and then anchored at a fixed point (common or not) 21 of the half-frame 2 by means of an elastic device 22.

On voit que, par exemple pour un virage à gauche (figure 4), la rotation du volant 18 dans le sens de la flèche F, induit une traction sur le brin 19G qui, avec le bras de levier représenté par la distance séparant la poulie concernée 202 de l'axe instantané 3, pro voque un couple faisant tourner le second demi-châssis 2 par rapport au premier. Dans cette position, l'élasticité du dispositif 22 associé au brin l9G tendu, permet d'encaisser les contraintes dynamiques que le débattement relatif du demi-châssis 2, par rapport au demi-châssis avant 1 sous l'influence des inégalités de terrain, pourrait provoquer, donc d'em- pêcher une rupture de direction tout e en maintenant la stabilité de fa çon satisfaisante.  We see that, for example for a left turn (Figure 4), the rotation of the flywheel 18 in the direction of the arrow F, induces a traction on the strand 19G which, with the lever arm represented by the distance separating the pulley concerned 202 of the instantaneous axis 3, causes a torque causing the second half-chassis 2 to rotate relative to the first. In this position, the elasticity of the device 22 associated with the stretched l9G strand makes it possible to withstand the dynamic stresses that the relative movement of the half-frame 2, relative to the front half-frame 1 under the influence of uneven terrain, could therefore cause a break in the steering while maintaining stability in a satisfactory manner.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Véhicule tout-terrain comprenant deux demi-châssis (1, 2) respectivement avant et arrière articulés autour d'un axe vertical (3) et solidaires chacun d'un essieu rigide (4, 5), l'articulation entre les demi chassies (1, 2) se faisant en deux zones opposées respectivement basse (8) et haute (9), caractérisé par le fait que les liaisons entre les demichâssis (1, 2) aux zones d'articulation (8, 9) sont élastiques de manière à permettre un débattement en tout sens et d'amplitude limitée de l'axe d'articulation (3).1 - All-terrain vehicle comprising two half-chassis (1, 2) respectively front and rear articulated around a vertical axis (3) and each secured to a rigid axle (4, 5), the articulation between the half tracks (1, 2) being made in two opposite zones respectively low (8) and high (9), characterized in that the connections between the half-chassis (1, 2) to the articulation zones (8, 9) are elastic so as to allow movement in any direction and of limited amplitude of the articulation axis (3). 2 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la liaison de la zone d'articulation haute (9) est assurée par un tampon (10) de matière élastique.2 - Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the upper articulation zone (9) is provided by a pad (10) of elastic material. 3 - Véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la liaison de la zone d'articulation basse (8) est assurée par au moins une bande (11) de matière élastique.3 - Vehicle according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the connection of the lower articulation zone (8) is provided by at least one strip (11) of elastic material. 4 - Véhicule selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la ou les bandes (11) s'enroulent au moins partiellement sur deux tambours (12, 13) solidaires respectivement du demi-châssis avant (1) et du demichâssis arrière (2).4 - Vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the strip or strips (11) are wound at least partially on two drums (12, 13) respectively secured to the front half chassis (1) and the rear half chassis (2 ). 5 - Véhicule selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que la bande (11), ou au moins une bande (11), entoure complètement l'un des tambours (13) pour former une butée torique (16) élastique.5 - Vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the strip (11), or at least one strip (11), completely surrounds one of the drums (13) to form an elastic O-ring (16). 6 - Véhicule selon la revendication 4 ou la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que la ou les bandes (11) sont retenues sur les tambours (12, 13) par des flasques (14, 15) ne débordant de chaque tambour (12, 13) que du côté opposé à l'autre tambour.6 - Vehicle according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the strip (s) (11) are retained on the drums (12, 13) by flanges (14, 15) not projecting from each drum (12, 13) only on the side opposite the other drum. 7 - Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que sa direction est du type à câble, les extrémités des brins (19D, 19G) du câble étant ancrées à un point fixe (21) du demi-châssis arrière (2) par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif élastique (22). 7 - Vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that its direction is of the cable type, the ends of the strands (19D, 19G) of the cable being anchored at a fixed point (21) of the half rear frame (2) by means of an elastic device (22).
FR8405776A 1984-04-06 1984-04-06 ALL TERRAIN LIGHT VEHICLE WITH ELASTIC ARTICULATION AND STEERING DEVICES Expired FR2562496B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8405776A FR2562496B1 (en) 1984-04-06 1984-04-06 ALL TERRAIN LIGHT VEHICLE WITH ELASTIC ARTICULATION AND STEERING DEVICES

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8405776A FR2562496B1 (en) 1984-04-06 1984-04-06 ALL TERRAIN LIGHT VEHICLE WITH ELASTIC ARTICULATION AND STEERING DEVICES

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FR2562496A1 true FR2562496A1 (en) 1985-10-11
FR2562496B1 FR2562496B1 (en) 1986-07-25

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB539690A (en) * 1938-03-04 1941-09-19 Letourneau Inc Improved means for connecting a tractor to a trailer
US3414072A (en) * 1965-09-16 1968-12-03 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Vehicle capable of articulating about roll, pitch, and yaw axes
US3666332A (en) * 1966-07-01 1972-05-30 Int Harvester Co Self-aligning thrust bushing assembly
US4170271A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-10-09 Looker Olin L Steering system for personnel carrier

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB539690A (en) * 1938-03-04 1941-09-19 Letourneau Inc Improved means for connecting a tractor to a trailer
US3414072A (en) * 1965-09-16 1968-12-03 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Vehicle capable of articulating about roll, pitch, and yaw axes
US3666332A (en) * 1966-07-01 1972-05-30 Int Harvester Co Self-aligning thrust bushing assembly
US4170271A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-10-09 Looker Olin L Steering system for personnel carrier

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