FR2559681A1 - HAMMER MILLER PLACED BETWEEN THE DISCS OF HIS ROTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

HAMMER CRUSHER LOCATED BETWEEN THE DISCS OF ITS ROTOR. THE SURFACE 33 OF ROTOR 5, WHICH TURNS AT HIGH SPEED, IS SAW-TOOTH AND THERE IS FORMED ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS, PERCUSSION AND CUTTING EDGES, DRIVING SURFACES 25 AND CRUSHING EDGES 26, WHICH IMPROVE THE OPERATIONS OF SEIZURE, CRUSHING, DEFORMATION, COMPACTION, TRANSPORT AND EJECTION OF THE TREATED MATERIAL, INCREASING THE YIELD OF THE CRUSHER AND RAISING THE QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT OBTAINED. APPLICATION IN PARTICULAR TO THE CRUSHING OF AUTOMOTIVE BODIES.

Description

The present invention relates to a crushing mill

  comprising a rotor rotating at high speed and whose hammers are hinged on their pivots between the disks of the rotor, integral in rotation with the shaft of the latter, the mill being intended in particular to reduce

  in pieces a mixture of metallic and non-metallic

  lic. Hammer mills of this kind are used for crushing

  materials, hammers distributed on the periphery

  rotor and housed between the discs thereof being hinged on pivots. The rotor is disposed in a closed envelope and has a high rotational speed. These hammer mills are used for example to reduce the bodies of old cars to pieces, these bodies being first broken by the hammers, then compacted and crushed and reduced into small pieces. These operations of crushing, deformation and compaction of the material take place mainly in the lower part

  of the grinding zone, between the hammers and the wall

  the envelope. The outer surface of the rotor disks plays little or no part in these operations. At the top of the grinding zone, the material is projected at high speed against the wall and compacted. This material is processed and crushed in this grinding zone until its pieces have been reduced to a size that allows them to exit through mesh openings in the lower part of the zone or where they are suspended. to the party

greater than this area.

  Seizure, crushing, deformation, compaction, transport and ejection operations are decisive for the performance of such a hammer mill.

  for the quality of the product obtained. In grinders with

  the current rotor-type rotor to which discs

  ci represent a large part of the surface of this rotor, but they are only used to house the

  pivots of the hammers. Because of their shape, they do not participate

  very little or not at all to the crucial operations for mill performance and the quality of the product obtained. The invention relates to a hammer mill comprising a disk rotor, in which the latter improve crushing, deformation and compaction and can exert

an action in these operations.

  According to the invention, the edges of the discs of the

  rotor have enlarged surfaces and provide an oppor-

  tuning of deformation and compaction surfaces.

  Because of this configuration, the rotor discs play an important role in the operations of capture, crushing, deformation, compaction, transport and ejection, decisive for the performance of the mill and the quality of the product obtained. The described shape, given at the edges of these discs, that is to say the formation of larger surfaces and aiding crushing and processing, increases the

  mill performance and improves the quality of the product obtained.

  The term "deformation and compaction surfaces" means configurations in which, instead of being smoothed and

  to match the surface of the disc, these surfaces

  changes that make them act like

  additional processing faces of the material it-

it's about grinding and transforming.

  During the crushing of a mixture of metal

  In particular, but also during the crushing of an exclusively metallic material, all the elements of the mill are subjected to a high wear, also

  well the hammers as, for example, the rotor discs.

  In order to avoid having to replace often all

  Because of their wear favored by their advantageous integration into the crushing process, the deformation and compaction surfaces are formed, in accordance with a characteristic of the invention, on profiled parts having the shape of segments and removably attached to these discs. With this arrangement, it suffices to replace these profiled parts when they are worn. Because of the simplification of the assembly, these parts which help crushing and processing can be replaced earlier,

  that is to say always have their full effectiveness.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the

  deformation and compaction faces include percussion and cutting edges, driving surfaces and

  crushing edges. Thanks to this configuration,

  Of these deformation and compaction surfaces, there are suitable treatment areas and areas for the various processing operations. As a result, besides the hammers, other elements of the rotor systematically intervene, advantageously, in the process.

of transformation.

  In particular, according to a feature of the invention

  the rotor surface does not simply represent a

  envelope, but consists of a set of deformation surfaces

  mation and compaction or shaped parts, interspersed with voids. There is, therefore, on the peripheral surface of the

  rotor, many additional processing surfaces

like this.

  The hammers are attached to the rotor discs via pivots. If it is necessary to replace these hammers, simply remove these pins so as to allow said hammers to fall or to be removed. To take advantage of this advantageous arrangement, the shaped parts are, according to another characteristic of the invention, fixed to these pivots or pins. When these are disengaged, the respective shaped pieces are also released and can

to be replaced by new ones.

  Moreover, it is relatively expensive or complicated to clear the pivots, especially if only a few hammers or only a few shaped parts are to be replaced. To reduce these costs, according to another characteristic of the invention, the shaped parts are attached directly to the rotor discs, they are for example screwed on the wing of their U, the screws to as much as possible to be drowned in order to facilitate assembly and to prevent them by

  elsewhere to be deteriorated by wear.

  In order for the shaped parts to fit snugly, they enclose the edges of the

  rotor discs and are applied against the peripheral surface

  of these. This ensures their good fit and at the same time makes it possible to fully utilize for the processing operations the larger rotational mass achieved by proper edge configuration.

some discs.

  For the shaped parts to be well applied on the edges of the discs, they have a U-shaped configuration, the outer edges of their U-shaped arc being chamfered

  and having therefore in cross section a trapezoidal shape.

  This chamfering of the outer edges provides further

  faces of transformation of matter intended to be concomitant

  See. In particular, it forms additional cutting edges.

  which have a positive effect on grinding, as well as

that has been explained.

  According to another characteristic, in order to protect the pivots on the one hand and to form, on the other hand, other cutting and percussion ridges, the shaped parts comprise hinge hubs which project from one to the other. side. These hubs are integral with or machined with these parts

  to form further processing surfaces, in particular

  bind cutting edges and percussion.

  In a particularly advantageous embodiment

  of the invention, the end faces of the disks

  rotor or shaped parts form a peripheral surface

  sawtooth. This configuration creates, in the direction of the rotation of the cutting edges, percussion,

  drive surfaces and special crushing edges

  firstly numerous and well accented. These correspond to

  segments or shaped parts and, depending on the method of attachment to the discs, there are

than segments or even more.

  This sawtooth form is obtained in a simple and convenient manner by dividing the peripheral surface into sections or segments whose radius increases continuously in the direction of rotation. We can get this directly

  sawtooth configuration of the peripheral surface.

  both by using shaped parts and by directly shaping the discs in the desired manner. Depending on the material and configuration, manufacturing costs are lower, either with shaped parts or with

continuous discs.

  The invention is characterized in particular by the fact that it makes it possible to produce a hammer mill from which it is possible to vary the efficiency independently of the configuration of the discharge passage or the position of the rotor shaft; this rotor participating more or less in the process of transformation. Thanks to the size of the deformation and compaction surfaces and to the shape given to them, these discs conveniently contribute, for the first time, to the efficiency of the mill and to the action on the quality of the product obtained. The additional machining costs to the corresponding configuration of the discs or their edges are more than offset by this increase in yield and this quality improvement .. In addition,

  wear is conveniently limited to that of elements which can

  can be replaced simply and without great expense. Of the

  so, too, the essential elements for the transformation

  can be replaced soon enough for

  always optimal elements for this transformation.

  The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of non-limiting example, in which Figure 1 is a section of a hammer mill whose rotor is shown in side elevation; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a shaped part with optimal deformation and compaction surfaces; Figure 3 is an end view of a shaped part for cooperating with the hammers; Figure 4 is a side elevation of a rotor disk; Figure 5 is a partial longitudinal section of a disc; and

Figure 6 is a plane of a rotor.

  The hammer mill 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an apparatus commonly referred to as a "shredder", particularly designed to reduce the bodies of old cars to pieces. The casing 2 of this mill has a conformation similar to that of a fan, the material that is to be crushed there being introduced by a ramp and by an inlet passage 3. The hammers 8, 9 disposed on the rotor between its disks 6,7 serve both as insertion and crushing members. The material is reduced to pieces because these hammers 8.9 drive, compress and advance on the grinding plate 4. The disks 6, 7 are integral with the shaft 10 of the rotor, while the hammers 8 9 are articulated on these disks 6,7 by pivots 11,12 or trunnions 13. The outlet passage to the upper part of the casing 2, that is to say in its cover,

is designated by 14.

  As already mentioned, the hammers 8, 9 are articulated so as to turn freely on the pins 13. These hammers 8, 9 are removed or put in place by removing these pins 13. If the speed of the rotor 5 is large enough, said 8.9 hammers are oriented radially outwards under the effect of the centrifugal force and they transform, from

  as described, the material fed to the mill 1.

  Seizure, crushing, deformation, compaction, transport and ejection operations are of paramount importance to the performance of the hammer mill 1 and the quality of the product that is obtained. It is essentially the hammers 8, 9 and the disks 6, 7 of the rotor, shaped in the manner described, which participate in these operations, these hammers 8, 9 cooperating with the grinding plate 4. The disks 6, 7 are integrated. in the transformation process by a configuration or modification of the surface 17 of their edges 16. These edges form deformation and compacting surfaces 18 and, for this purpose, in the embodiment shown by way of example, they carry shaped parts 20, 21, 22, 23 correspondingly shaped.

  Figure 2 shows the configuration of the parts

  20, 21, 22, Figure 3 representing that of the part 23. Due to this convenient configuration, the surfaces 18 of deformation and compaction of these parts comprise edges 24 of percussion and cutting, driving surfaces 25 and the crushing edges 26. In this respect, as shown in particular in FIG. 5, the U-shaped profiled pieces 20, 21, 22 are placed or sunk.

  as caps on the edges 16 of the rotor discs.

  These U-shaped segments 28 are chamfered on their outer edges.

  27, resulting in additional crushing edges 26

  mentary. As shown in particular in Figure 5, the flanks 29, 29 'are applied against the edges 16 of the discs. In addition, said impact and cutting edges 24 and driving surfaces 25, other edges and like surfaces 24 ', 25' are formed because the hinge hubs 30 project laterally from one side. at least. This configuration of the hubs also facilitates the assembly of the part 23, the configuration of which is shown in FIG. 3 and which is intended to be mounted near the hammers 8, 9, as will be explained next to

Figure 6.

  These additional elements, 24 ridges of percusssion

  and cutting surfaces, driving surfaces 25 and crushing edges

  wise 26, as well as the corresponding surfaces 18 of

  deformation and compaction have for act Iton d (le ili them en rai -

  The material in the casing 2 and On the grinding plate 4, reduce this material into even smaller pieces, better deform and compact, better transport it along the plate 4 and finally to facilitate its ejection through the outlet passage 14. This generally results in an improvement in the efficiency of the mill 1

  and an increase in the quality of the product obtained.

  As shown in Figure 4,

  spun yarns 20, 21, 22 and 23 are mounted as segments on portions 31 of rotor discs 6 and 7. They have the same configuration, so that they are interchangeable, with the exception of the piece 23, which must be adjacent to the hammers 8, 9 as shown in Figure 6. The parts 31 or the rings 6, 7 have a sawtooth configuration, as their radius increases progressively on one side, in the direction of rotation. It thus forms a jump of a piece

  to the other. They together form the perimeter surface

  sawtooth horn described. These projections serve

  the crushing and cutting surfaces of the aforementioned cutting edges 24, the driving surfaces serving, as explained, to grip, transport and eject the material, as well as to deform and compact it. The sawtooth peripheral surface 33 thus represents a particularly advantageous embodiment. The tight and precise fitting of the shaped pieces 20, 21, 22, 23 on the discs 6 and 7 is ensured by a corresponding adaptation

  from the inner peripheral surface 33 'to the perimeter surface

  32 of these disks. The parts 20 or their segments 31 are interchangeable, as already said, which is the rest

also the case for parts 23.

  Figure 6 is a plane of the surface 34 of the rotor.

  The pivots of the hammers are designated 11, 12; 11 ', 12' and 11 ", 12", respectively. As shown, these hammers are distributed in a predetermined arrangement over the entire surface 34 and are designated 8, 9; 8 ', 9'; 8 ", 9" and 8 "', 9"' respectively. FIG. 6 further shows that voids 35, 36, which are essential for the action of the deformation and compacting surfaces 18, 19, are formed on the entire surface of the rotor, all these voids 35, 36 having in principle the

same configuration.

  It goes without saying that it is possible to make various modifications to the hammer mill shown and described without

  depart from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. hammer mill which comprises a rotor rotating at high speed and whose hammers are articulated on pivots and mounted between the rotor disks, which are integral in rotation with the shaft of the latter, crusher   especially for crushing a mixture of metallic   non-metallic and characterized in that the edges (16) of the disks (6, 7) have enlarged surfaces (17)   and having opportunely the action of deforming surfaces (18) tion and compaction.   2. Hammer mill according to claim 1, characterized   characterized in that profiled parts (20, 21, 22), which   with the deformation and compaction surfaces (18), are in the form of segments and are removably attached to the edges (16) discs (6, 7) of the rotor.   3. Hammer mill according to claim 2, characterized   characterized in that the deformation and compression surfaces (18)   pactage have edges (24) of percussion and cutting,   driving surfaces (25) and cutting edges (26). wise.   4. Hammer mill according to claim 2, characterized   in that all, either surfaces (18) deform-   and compacting, or profiled parts (20, 21, 22), forms the outer surface (34) of the rotor, interspersed voids (35,36).   5. Hammer mill according to claim 2, characterized   characterized in that the profiled parts (20, 21, 22) are fixed either to the pivots (11, 12) or to the journals (13). hammers (8,9).   6. Hammer mill according to claim 2, characterized   characterized in that the profiled parts (20, 21, 22) are fixed   directly to the disks (6,7) of the rotor.   Hammer mill according to one of the claims   and 6, characterized in that the profiled parts (20, 21, 22) enclose at least partially the edges (16) of the disks.   (6, 7) of the rotor and are applied against the peripheral surface 32 of these disks.   8. Hammer mill according to claim 2, characterized   characterized in that the profiled pieces (20, 21, 22) are U-shaped, the outer edges (27) of the U-shaped portion (28) being chamfered and therefore trapezoidal in cross-section.   9. Hammer mill according to claim 5, characterized   characterized in that the profiled parts (20, 21, 22) comprise   hinge hubs (30) projecting from one side.   Hammer mill according to one of the claims   1 and 2, characterized in that a sawtooth peripheral surface (33) is formed either by the edges (16) of the rotor disks or by the shaped parts (20, 21, 22). Hammer mill according to claim 10, characterized in that the peripheral surface (33) is divided into segments (31) whose radius increases constantly in the direction of rotation.