FR2544485A1 - Sensor for determining the relative angular position of two elements which rotate with respect to each other around the same axis - Google Patents
Sensor for determining the relative angular position of two elements which rotate with respect to each other around the same axis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2544485A1 FR2544485A1 FR8306241A FR8306241A FR2544485A1 FR 2544485 A1 FR2544485 A1 FR 2544485A1 FR 8306241 A FR8306241 A FR 8306241A FR 8306241 A FR8306241 A FR 8306241A FR 2544485 A1 FR2544485 A1 FR 2544485A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- bar
- sensor according
- elements
- projecting parts
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/02—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using mechanical means
- G01D5/04—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using mechanical means using levers; using cams; using gearing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
- G01D5/2451—Incremental encoders
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Capteur pour déterminer la position anqulaire relative de deux éléments tournant l'un par rapport à l'autre autour d'un même axe.Sensor to determine the relative ancillary position of two elements rotating relative to each other around the same axis.
La présente invention concerne d'une façon générale la détermination de la position angulaire relative de deux éléments tournant l'un par rapport à l'autre autour d'un même axe et plus spécifiquement l'invention concerne un capteur agencé dans ce but. The present invention relates generally to the determination of the relative angular position of two elements rotating relative to one another about the same axis and more specifically the invention relates to a sensor arranged for this purpose.
On connaît à l'heure actuelle différents types de capteurs de position angulaire soit optiques soit magnétiques qui ont pour principaux inconvénients d'être coûteux, encombrants-et de consommer de l'énergie électrique. Ces inconvénients constituent des handicaps rédhibitoires lorsqu'il s'agit d'équiper des instruments portables et autonomes, devant avoir un prix de revient aussi faible que possible, comme c'est le cas par exemple pour des clés dynamométriques manuelles. At the present time, various types of angular position sensors are known, either optical or magnetic, which have the main disadvantages of being expensive, bulky and of consuming electrical energy. These drawbacks constitute crippling handicaps when it comes to equipping portable and autonomous instruments, having to have a cost price as low as possible, as is the case for example for manual torque wrenches.
Il existe donc à l'heure actuelle un besoin, par exemple mais non limitativement pour l'équipement de clés dynamométriques manuelles portables, pour un capteur d'angle de rotation de structure simple et mécaniquement résistante, peu coûteux et ne consommant qu'un mimimum, et si possible pas du tout, d'énergie électrique. There is therefore currently a need, for example but not limited to the equipment of portable manual torque wrenches, for a rotation angle sensor of simple and mechanically resistant structure, inexpensive and consuming only a minimum , and if possible not at all, electrical energy.
L'invention a essentiellement pour but de satisfaire ce besoin. The invention essentially aims to satisfy this need.
A cette fin, un capteur agencé conformément à l'invention comporte
- une piste circulaire portée par l'un des éléments,
centrée sur l'axe de rotation et comportant des
parties saillantes régulièrement espacées les unes
des autres,
- un barreau élastiquement déformable dans le sens
transversal et porté par l'autre élément, une ex
trémité de ce barreau étant maintenue fixe et son
autre extrémité étant libre et disposée de manière
à contacter successivement lesdites parties sail
lantes de la piste circulaire,
- et des moyens électriques de comptage agencés pour
détecter toutes les venues en contact successives
de l'extrémité libre du barreau avec les parties
saillantes.To this end, a sensor arranged in accordance with the invention comprises
- a circular track carried by one of the elements,
centered on the axis of rotation and comprising
regularly spaced projecting parts
others,
- an elastically deformable bar in the direction
transverse and carried by the other element, an ex
end of this bar being kept fixed and its
the other end being free and so arranged
to successively contact said sail parties
lantes of the circular track,
- and electrical counting means arranged for
detect all successive contacts
of the free end of the bar with the parts
protruding.
Avantageusement, les parties saillantes de la piste circulaire sont constituées par des indentations. Advantageously, the projecting parts of the circular track are formed by indentations.
De préférence, deux parties saillantes successives sont écartées angulairement l'une de l'autre de 1g, de manière à simplifier la structure du capteur et à obtenir une indication directement exploitable sans recours à un système démultiplicateur. Preferably, two successive projecting parts are angularly spaced from one another by 1 g, so as to simplify the structure of the sensor and to obtain an indication which can be used directly without the need for a reduction system.
Pour éviter une usure prématurée, le barreau est muni, à son extrémité libre, d'un organe de friction constitué en un matériau de dureté élevée. To avoid premature wear, the bar is provided at its free end with a friction member made of a material of high hardness.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le matériau constitutif du barreau présente des propriétés piézoélectriques et l'entrée des moyens de comptage est connectée audit barreau de manière 9 recevoir la tension d'origine piézoélectrique engendrée par la flexion transversale du barreau. In a preferred embodiment, the material constituting the bar has piezoelectric properties and the input of the counting means is connected to said bar so as to receive the voltage of piezoelectric origin generated by the transverse bending of the bar.
I1 est également possible de faire en sorte que le barreau supporte au moins une jauge de contrainte et que l'entrée des moyens de comptage soit connectée à ladite jauge de contrainte de manière à recevoir la tension engendrée par cette jauge de contrainte à la suite de la flexion transversale du barreau. It is also possible to ensure that the bar supports at least one strain gauge and that the input of the counting means is connected to said strain gauge so as to receive the voltage generated by this strain gauge as a result of transverse bending of the bar.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier qu'il semble être intéressant de retenir pour la simplicité de mise en oeuvre, l'élément portant la piste circulaire est mobile en rotation et l'élément portant le barreau est fixe. In a particular embodiment which it seems to be advantageous to retain for the simplicity of implementation, the element carrying the circular track is movable in rotation and the element carrying the bar is fixed.
Grâce aux dispositions qui viennent d'être expo sées, le capteur conforme à l'invention est particulièrement simple et fait appel à des composants peu nombreux et peu coûteux ; il est peu encombrant et peut équiper des dispositifs peu volumineux tels que des clés dynamométriques manuelles enfin, ses exigences en énergie électrique peuvent être rendues aussi faibles que souhaité, voire même nulles dans le cas du barreau piézoélectrique qui assure une autonomie énergétique totale. Thanks to the arrangements which have just been explained, the sensor according to the invention is particularly simple and uses few and inexpensive components; it is compact and can be fitted with devices that are not very bulky such as manual torque wrenches. Finally, its electrical energy requirements can be made as low as desired, or even zero in the case of the piezoelectric bar which ensures total energy autonomy.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit de certains modes de réalisation donnés uniquement à titre illustratif ; dans cette description qui se réfère au dessin annexé sur lequel
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique de côté de l'ensemble d'un capteur de position angulaire agencé conformément à l'invention ;
- la figure 2 est une vue d'une partie du dispositif Ue la figure 1, correspondant à un mode de réalisation préféré ;
- la figure 3 est une vue d'une partie du dispositif de la figure 1 dans le cadre d'un autre mode de réalisation ; et
- la figure 4 est une vue de détail montrant une variante d'agencement d'un capteur conforme à 1' inven- tion.The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows of certain embodiments given solely by way of illustration; in this description which refers to the attached drawing on which
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the assembly of an angular position sensor arranged in accordance with the invention;
- Figure 2 is a view of part of the device Ue in Figure 1, corresponding to a preferred embodiment;
- Figure 3 is a view of a part of the device of Figure 1 in the context of another embodiment; and
- Figure 4 is a detail view showing an alternative arrangement of a sensor according to one invention.
En se reportant tout d.abord à la figure 1, un é1é- ment 1 est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe 2 par rapport à un élément fixe (13 sur les figures 2 et 3), tel qu'un carter ou un bâti de machine ou d'outil; A titre d'exemple sans valeur limitative, l'élément tournant l peut être un organe de vissage (tête ou tige de tournevis notamment) ou un autre o-rgane qui lui est accouplé en rotation. Referring first to FIG. 1, an element 1 is movable in rotation about an axis 2 relative to a fixed element (13 in FIGS. 2 and 3), such as a casing or a machine or tool frame; By way of example without limiting value, the rotary element l can be a screwing member (head or screwdriver rod in particular) or another o-rgane which is coupled to it in rotation.
L'élément tournant l porte une piste circulaire 3 centrée sur l'axe de rotation 2, cette piste présen- tant une succession de saillies ou de creux régulièrement espacés les uns des autres. Par exemple, il peut slagir d'indentations 4, comme représenté plus clairement aux figures 2 à 4, les dents,pouvant posséder toute configuration appropriée. The rotating element 1 carries a circular track 3 centered on the axis of rotation 2, this track having a succession of projections or recesses regularly spaced from each other. For example, it can slide from indentations 4, as shown more clearly in FIGS. 2 to 4, the teeth being able to have any suitable configuration.
En regard de la piste 3 est disposé un barreau 5 constitué an un matériau lui conférant une relative fie- xibilité transversale ; le barreau est maintenu fixement à une de ses extrémités 6 tandis que son extrémité libre 7 est située sensiblement au niveau dusommet des indentations 4 de maniere telle qu'au cours de la rotation de l'élément 1, 11 extrémité libre 7 du barreau soit déplacée latéralement (comme représente en trait plein à la figure 2) par rapport à sa position de repos (représentée en tirets) à chaque passage d'une dent 4. Opposite track 3 is a bar 5 made of a material giving it relative transverse reliability; the bar is fixedly held at one of its ends 6 while its free end 7 is located substantially at the top of the indentations 4 so that during the rotation of the element 1, 11 free end 7 of the bar is moved laterally (as shown in solid lines in FIG. 2) relative to its rest position (shown in dashes) each time a tooth 4 passes.
Dans le mode de réalisation préféré représenté a la figure 2, le barreau 5 est constitué en un matériau multimorphe piézoélectrique et est muni, à son extrémité G, de deux électrodes B de détection de tension s-lestri- que. tes électrodes 8 sont reliées, par deux fils 9, à l'entrée d'un appareil de comptage 10. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the bar 5 is made of a piezoelectric multimorphic material and is provided, at its end G, with two electrodes B for detecting s-lestrial voltage. your electrodes 8 are connected, by two wires 9, to the input of a counting device 10.
A chaque déformation mécanique du barreau 5, autrement dit à chaque passage d'une dent 4 contactant et entraînant 11 extrémité libre 7 du barreau, une tension apparaît entre les bornes 8, tension qui s'annule des que le barreau reprend sa position normale non fléchie. At each mechanical deformation of the bar 5, in other words at each passage of a tooth 4 contacting and driving the free end 7 of the bar, a tension appears between the terminals 8, tension which is canceled as soon as the bar returns to its normal position not bent.
t'appareil de comptage reçoit donc une succession d pulsions de tension dont le comptage permet de d & ermi- ner la position angulaire de 11 élément 1 par rapport à une origine préétablie.the counting apparatus therefore receives a succession of voltage pulses whose counting makes it possible to determine the angular position of the element 1 with respect to a pre-established origin.
D'une façon avantageuse, l'écartement entre deux dents 4 consécutives peut correspondre exactement à un angle de 1s, de manière telle que le nombre d'impulsions comptées corresponde à 11 angle de rotation de l'élément 1 exprimé en degrés. Advantageously, the spacing between two consecutive teeth 4 can correspond exactly to an angle of 1 s, so that the number of pulses counted corresponds to 11 angle of rotation of the element 1 expressed in degrees.
L'appareil de comptage 10 peut être de toute conception appropriée connue de l'homme de l'art ; il -peut avantageusement comporter des moyens d'affichage
(non représentés) présentant la valeur mesurée par le capteur.The counting apparatus 10 can be of any suitable design known to those skilled in the art; it can advantageously include display means
(not shown) presenting the value measured by the sensor.
L'agencement à barreau piézoélectrique qui vient d'être décrit est particulièrement intéressant car, outre sa simplicité, son faible encombrement et son faible coût de revient, il coffre l'avantage supplémentaire d'une- consommation nulle en énergie, notamment en énergie électrique, pour son fonctionnement ; de plus, il possède une très bonne fiabilité. The piezoelectric bar arrangement which has just been described is particularly advantageous because, in addition to its simplicity, its small size and its low cost price, it also offers the additional advantage of zero energy consumption, in particular electrical energy. , for its operation; in addition, it has very good reliability.
La figure 3 (sur laquelle les éléments identiques à ceux de la figure 2 ont été désignés à l'aide des mêmes références numériques) présente un agencement un peu différent de celui de la figure 2 par le fait que le barreau 5 est ici constitué en un matériau élastiquement déformable transversalement (mais sans posséder de propriétés piézoélectriques) sur lequel on a fixé une (ou plusieurs) jauge de contrainte il reliée à 11 appareil de compta-ge 10. FIG. 3 (in which the elements identical to those of FIG. 2 have been designated using the same reference numerals) presents an arrangement slightly different from that of FIG. 2 by the fact that the bar 5 is here made up of a transversely elastically deformable material (but without having piezoelectric properties) on which one (or more) strain gauge has been fixed, connected to 11 counting apparatus 10.
La génération directe des impulsions de tension obtenue avec le mode de réalisation de la figure 2 est remplacée, dans ce nouvel agencement, par une génération indirecte, les impulsions de tension résultant d'une déformation de la jauge de contrainte, elle-même provoquée par la flexion du barreau. The direct generation of the voltage pulses obtained with the embodiment of FIG. 2 is replaced, in this new arrangement, by an indirect generation, the voltage pulses resulting from a deformation of the strain gauge, itself caused by bending of the bar.
Dans ce cas, en insérant la jauge de contrainte dans un classique montage électrique en pont, la consommation d'énergie électrique, bien que n'étant plus nulle, reste cependant relativement faible. In this case, by inserting the strain gauge in a conventional electrical bridge installation, the consumption of electrical energy, although not being zero, remains relatively low.
Bien entendu, d'autres configurations peuvent être retenues, notamment celle consistant à constituer un interrupteur électrique dont l'organe mobile de rupture est le barreau ou une zone du barreau. Toutefois, cette solution conduit à une consommation d'énergie électrique qui peut l'exclure de certaines applications où l'on recherche avant tout une autonomie totale du dispositif sur le plan énergétique. Of course, other configurations can be retained, in particular that consisting in constituting an electric switch whose movable breaking member is the bar or an area of the bar. However, this solution leads to a consumption of electrical energy which can exclude it from certain applications where one seeks above all a total autonomy of the device in terms of energy.
La figure 4 montre une variante consistant à équiper l'extrémité libre 7 du barreau 5 d'un organe de friction 12 constitué en un matériau de grande dureté et ayant une forme appropriée (par exemple, bille en tungstènze, cône en céramique, saphir, rubis, etc.). FIG. 4 shows a variant consisting in fitting the free end 7 of the bar 5 with a friction member 12 made of a material of great hardness and having an appropriate shape (for example, tungsten ball, ceramic cone, sapphire, ruby, etc.).
Comme il va de soi et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède,. l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application qui ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire; toutes les variantes. As it goes without saying and as it already follows from the above ,. the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application which have been more especially envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces it; all variants.
En particulier, la position de la piste 3 sur l'élément 1, les caractéristiques mécaniques du barreau 5; la solution technologique à retenir pour l'appareil de comptage îO; la position du barreau 5 (perpendiculai- re ou parallèle au plan de la piste 3) sont déterminées en fonction des exigences particulières aux différentes applications. In particular, the position of the track 3 on the element 1, the mechanical characteristics of the bar 5; the technological solution to be adopted for the îO counting device; the position of the bar 5 (perpendicular or parallel to the plane of the track 3) are determined according to the requirements specific to the different applications.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8306241A FR2544485A1 (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Sensor for determining the relative angular position of two elements which rotate with respect to each other around the same axis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8306241A FR2544485A1 (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Sensor for determining the relative angular position of two elements which rotate with respect to each other around the same axis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2544485A1 true FR2544485A1 (en) | 1984-10-19 |
Family
ID=9287924
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8306241A Pending FR2544485A1 (en) | 1983-04-15 | 1983-04-15 | Sensor for determining the relative angular position of two elements which rotate with respect to each other around the same axis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2544485A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1988000776A1 (en) * | 1986-07-19 | 1988-01-28 | Ronald James Care | Linear measuring devices |
| EP0282884A2 (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-09-21 | Telenorma Gmbh | Position transducer |
| DE3741821C1 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-05-24 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Angle sensor element |
| US5392526A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-02-28 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Angularity gauge for cylindrical surfaces |
| JP2002340518A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-27 | Canon Inc | Apparatus for identifying surface property and heating apparatus and imaging apparatus using the same |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109508A5 (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1972-05-26 | Edf | |
| GB1535766A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-12-13 | Univ Cardiff | Apparatus for measuring displacement of a member or body |
| JPS57132005A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Detector for extent of movement |
-
1983
- 1983-04-15 FR FR8306241A patent/FR2544485A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109508A5 (en) * | 1970-10-29 | 1972-05-26 | Edf | |
| GB1535766A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-12-13 | Univ Cardiff | Apparatus for measuring displacement of a member or body |
| JPS57132005A (en) * | 1981-02-09 | 1982-08-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Detector for extent of movement |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| IBM TECHNICAL DISCLOSURE BULLETIN, vol. 14, no. 12, mai 1972, NEW YORK (US) * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 6, no. 229 (P-155) (1107), 16 novembre 1982 & JP - A - 57 132 005 (MATSUSHITA DENKI SANGYO K.K.) (16-8-1982) * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1988000776A1 (en) * | 1986-07-19 | 1988-01-28 | Ronald James Care | Linear measuring devices |
| EP0282884A2 (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1988-09-21 | Telenorma Gmbh | Position transducer |
| EP0282884A3 (en) * | 1987-03-18 | 1989-08-09 | Telenorma Telefonbau Und Normalzeit Gmbh | Sensor for a position transducer |
| DE3741821C1 (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-05-24 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Angle sensor element |
| US5392526A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1995-02-28 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Angularity gauge for cylindrical surfaces |
| JP2002340518A (en) * | 2001-05-18 | 2002-11-27 | Canon Inc | Apparatus for identifying surface property and heating apparatus and imaging apparatus using the same |
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