FR2538068A1

FR2538068A1 - Two-directional or one-directional valve for large-diameter pipes transporting fluids at high pressures.

Info

Publication number: FR2538068A1
Application number: FR8221168A
Authority: FR
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1982-12-17
Filing date: 1982-12-17
Publication date: 1984-06-22

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-directional or one-directional valve with a spherical cock more particularly intended for large cross- section pipes transporting fluids at high pressure and characterised in that it comprises a spherical cock 3 traversed by a passage 38 elbowed at a right angle and interacting in the closed position on either side of its opposing walls linked via a channel 43 contiguous with the passage elbowed at a right angle 38 with sealing rings 4, 11 and/or 5, 10 in such a way that the loads directly exerted by the fluid on the spherical cock 3 cancel each other out.

Description

La presente invention concerne un robinet bidirectionnel ou unidirectionnel à boisseau sphérique plus particulièrement destiné aux conduites de grande section véhiculant des fluides gazeux et liquides à haute pression. On entend généralement par grande section des sections supérieures au diamètre de 150 mm et par haute pression des pressions supérieures à 100 bars. Le domaine d'application de l'invention n'est toutefois pas limité à ces conditions d'emploi. The present invention relates to a bidirectional or unidirectional ball valve more particularly intended for large section pipes conveying gaseous and liquid fluids at high pressure. By large section is generally meant sections greater than the diameter of 150 mm and by high pressure pressures greater than 100 bars. The scope of the invention is not however limited to these conditions of use.

Dans les robinets bidirectionnels et unidirectionnels de types connus, le corps creux du robinet est raccordé à la conduite par deux tubulures dont les axes respectifs sont confondus, ou perpendiculaires et concourent au centre d'un boisseau sphérique comportant un passage interne rectiligne ou coudé et un arbre de commande disposé de façon telle dans le boisseau sphérique et dans le corps que par rotation on réalise l'ouverture du robinet ou sa fermeture par des moyens d'étanchéité qui ne sont actifs que du côté d'une seule des tubulures.In bidirectional and unidirectional valves of known types, the hollow body of the valve is connected to the pipe by two pipes whose respective axes are coincident, or perpendicular and compete in the center of a ball valve comprising a rectilinear or bent internal passage and a control shaft arranged in such a way in the ball valve and in the body that by rotation the valve is opened or closed by sealing means which are active only on the side of only one of the pipes.

Ce mode de réalisation présente des inconvénients à savoir que, en position de fermeture du robinet le fluide exerce sa pression sur une seule portion de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique et que celui-ci reçoit en plus de la part des moyens d'étanchéité une charge de même sens qu'il convient de moderer pour éviter la détérioration de l'étanchéité au cours des manoeuvres de rotation. Cette charge totale reçue par le boisseau sphérique et transmise à l'arbre de commande doit être supportée par des tourillons de grande section coopérant avec des paliers coûteux et encombrants s'ils sont sur roulements ou à des coussinets à coefficients de frottement plus élevés. Le boisseau sphérique transmet également à l'arbre de commande une charge axiale propor tionnellè à la section libre de l'arbre de commande. This embodiment has drawbacks, namely that, in the closed position of the valve, the fluid exerts its pressure on a single portion of the peripheral face of the ball valve and that the latter receives in addition from the sealing means a load in the same direction which should be moderate to avoid deterioration of the seal during rotation maneuvers. This total load received by the ball valve and transmitted to the control shaft must be supported by trunnions of large section cooperating with expensive and cumbersome bearings if they are on bearings or with bearings with higher coefficients of friction. The ball also transmits an axial load proportional to the free section of the control shaft to the control shaft.

La présente invention qui a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients est caractérisée en ce que le robinet bidirectionnel ou unidirectionnel comporte
Un corps creux présentant deux tubulures de raccordement à la conduite respectivement selon un premier axe de la tubulure d'arrivée ou de départ et selon un deuxième axe de la tubulure de départ ou d'arrivée, ces axes respectifs rectilignes se coupant à angle droit à l'intérieur du corps creux.The present invention which aims to remedy these drawbacks is characterized in that the bidirectional or unidirectional valve comprises
A hollow body having two pipes connecting to the pipe respectively along a first axis of the inlet or outlet tubing and along a second axis of the outlet or inlet tubing, these respective rectilinear axes intersecting at right angles to inside the hollow body.

Un boisseau sphérique présentant une face périphérique de forme générale sphérique et comportant un passage coudé à angle droit, de même section droite que celles des deux tubulures, selon deux tronçons dont les axes perpendiculaires, dits un troisième axe et un quatrième axe concourent au centre du boisseau sphérique qui est traverse d'une part, par un premier canal de plus petite section que celle du passage coudé à angle droit et contigü à celui-ci, reliant les portions de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique voisines de son axe perpendiculaire au plan du passage coudé à angle droit et d'autre part par un deuxième canal de petite section sensiblement égale à celle du premier canal reliant le passage coudé à angle droit à la portion centrale en forme de disque, de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique, antagoniste et de même diamètre que l'orifice du passage coudé à angle droit situé selon le quatrième axe. A ball valve having a peripheral face of generally spherical shape and comprising a passage bent at a right angle, of the same cross section as those of the two pipes, in two sections whose perpendicular axes, called a third axis and a fourth axis, compete in the center of the ball valve which is traversed on the one hand, by a first channel of smaller section than that of the passage bent at right angles and contiguous thereto, connecting the portions of the peripheral face of the ball valve close to its axis perpendicular to the plane of the passage bent at right angles and on the other hand by a second channel of small section substantially equal to that of the first channel connecting the passage bent at right angles to the central portion in the form of a disc, of the peripheral face of the ball, antagonistic and of the same diameter as the orifice of the passage bent at right angles located along the fourth axis.

- le boisseau sphérique étant disposé dans le corps creux du robinet dans une position telle que le deuxième axe et le troisième axe coincident et dans laquelle le premier axe passe par le centre du boisseau sphérique - des bagues d'étanchéité coaxiales avec le premier axe sont disposées en antagonisme de part et d'autre du boisseau sphérique dans une chambre cylindrique de révolution coaxiale avec le premier axe et obturée par un tampon du côté oppose à la première tubulure, pour coopérer d'une part avec la face interne du corps creux et avec la face interne -du tampon et d'autre part avec des portions antagonistes de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique - des moyens de guidage et de rotation du boisseau sphérique sont constitués par un couvercle solidaire du corps creux et alésé selon le deuxième axe pour recevoir un arbre de commande, positionné axialement dans son mécanisme de commande en rotation ou dans le couvercle, claveté coulissant par une clavette dans un alésage du boisseau sphérique coaxial avec le troisième axe, et débouchant dans le passage coudé à angle droit, ces moyens étant tels qu'en position d'ouverture du robinet le premier axe et le quatrième axe coincident pour établir la communication entre les deux tubulures par l'intermédiaire du passage coudé à angle droit et qu'en position de fermeture le premier axe et le quatrième axe soient perpendiculaires pour interrompre la dite communication.- the ball valve being arranged in the hollow body of the valve in a position such that the second axis and the third axis coincide and in which the first axis passes through the center of the ball valve - sealing rings coaxial with the first axis are arranged in antagonism on either side of the ball valve in a cylindrical chamber of coaxial revolution with the first axis and closed by a buffer on the side opposite the first pipe, to cooperate on the one hand with the internal face of the hollow body and with the internal face - of the pad and on the other hand with antagonistic portions of the peripheral face of the ball valve - means for guiding and rotation of the ball valve consist of a cover integral with the hollow body and bored along the second axis for receive a control shaft, positioned axially in its rotary control mechanism or in the cover, keyed sliding by a key in a bore of the bo spherical channel coaxial with the third axis, and opening into the passage bent at a right angle, these means being such that in the valve open position the first axis and the fourth axis coincide to establish communication between the two pipes by the intermediate the passage bent at a right angle and in the closed position the first axis and the fourth axis are perpendicular to interrupt said communication.

On conçoit que par ces agencements, le boisseau sphérique coulissant sur l'arbre de commande ne reçoit pas de charge axiale selon l'axe de l'arbre de commande et que les deux canaux de petite section, sensiblement perpendiculaires entre eux mais non sécants permettent, en reliant des portions antagonistes de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique soumises deux à deux et simultanément soit à la pression amont soit à la pression aval, d'annuler sur le boisseau sphérique les charges qu'elles reçoivent du fluide amont ou aval.It is understood that by these arrangements, the ball sliding on the control shaft does not receive an axial load along the axis of the control shaft and that the two small section channels, substantially perpendicular to each other but not intersecting allow , by connecting antagonistic portions of the peripheral face of the ball valve subjected two by two and simultaneously either to the upstream pressure or to the downstream pressure, to cancel on the ball valve the charges they receive from the upstream or downstream fluid.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront à titre non limitatif de la description ci-dessous et des dessins annexés qui en font partie. Other advantages and characteristics will emerge from the description below and the appended drawings which form part thereof, without implying any limitation.

Fig. I : Coupe du robinet bidirectionnel en position d'ouverture, selon l'invention, passant par l'axe de la conduite et par l'axe de l'arbre de commande selon la ligne I,I de la figure 2.Fig. I: Section of the bidirectional valve in the open position, according to the invention, passing through the axis of the pipe and through the axis of the control shaft along line I, I of FIG. 2.

Fig. 2 : Coupe selon la ligne II, II de la figure I
passant par le canal (46)
Fig. 3 : Coupe selon la ligne III, III de la figure I
passant par les canaux (52) et (53)
En se référant à la figure I, on voit que le robinet bidirectionnel comporte un corps creux (I) présentant une cavité cylindrique de révolution (58), coaxiale d'une part avec le raccordement au corps (I) de la tubulure (2) de 1 < conduite et obturée du côté opposé à la dite tubulure (2), dans laquelle elle débouche, par un tampon circulaire (12), et perpendiculaire d'autre part à un axe situé dans son tronçon médian et confondu d'une part, avec l'axe du raccordement au corps (I) de la tubulure (39) de la conduite et d'autre part, avec un alésage du couvercle (19) fixé sur le corps (I) en antagonisme avec la tubulure (39) et recevant un arbre de commande (17) étanché vis à vis de lui par des joints (20) et (21) et positionné axialement dans le mécanisme de commande ou dans le couvercle (29). La cavité cylindrique de révolution (58) reçoit un boisseau sphérique (3) claveté libre axialement par la clavette (18) avec l'arbre de commande (17) qui débouche dans un passage coudé à angle droit (38) qui traverse le boisseau sphérique (3) et dont la section droite est egale à celle des tubulures (2) et (-39) de la conduite et dont le premier orifice est coaxial avec l'axe de l'alésage du boisseau sphérique (3) qui reçoit l'arbre de commande (li) et dont le deuxième orifice est disposé selon un rayon perpendiculaire à l'axe du premier orifice.Le boisseau sphérique (3) comporte d'une part, un premier canal de petite section (43) contigü au passage coudé à angle droit (38) pour relier les portions antagonistes de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique (3) voisines de son axe perpendiculaire au plan du passage coudé à angle droit (38) et d'autre part, un deuxième canal de petite section (40) pour relier le passage coude à angle droit (38) à la portion centrale en forme de disque (41) de la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique (3) antagoniste et de même diamètre que le deuxième orifice du passage coudé à angle droit (38). La cavité cylindrique de révolution (58) reçoit coaxialement de part et d'autre du boisseau sphérique (3) des bagues d'étanchéité (4) (5) (10) et (11) dont la conception générale est connue. Elles positionnent, par réactions antagonistes de ressorts de compression respectifs (8) (9) (16) et (15) agissant sur la paroi interne du corps (I) et la paroi -interne du tampon (12), le centre du boisseau sphérique (3) sur l'axe du raccordement au corps (I) de la tubulure (2) de la conduite. Les bagues d'étanchéité (4) (5) (10) et (11) coopèrent de façon étanche avec la paroi interne du corps (I) et avec la paroi interne du tampon (12) par des joints coulissants (6) (7) (14) et (13). Elles se divisent en deux groupes fonctionnellement indépendants selon le sens de passage du fluide dans le robinet.Fig. 2: Section along line II, II of figure I
passing through the canal (46)
Fig. 3: Section along line III, III of Figure I
passing through channels (52) and (53)
Referring to Figure I, we see that the bidirectional valve has a hollow body (I) having a cylindrical cavity of revolution (58), coaxial on the one hand with the connection to the body (I) of the tubing (2) 1 <pipe and closed on the side opposite to said tubing (2), into which it opens, by a circular pad (12), and perpendicular on the other hand to an axis located in its median section and merged on the one hand , with the axis of connection to the body (I) of the pipe (39) of the pipe and on the other hand, with a bore of the cover (19) fixed on the body (I) in antagonism with the pipe (39) and receiving a control shaft (17) sealed from it by seals (20) and (21) and positioned axially in the control mechanism or in the cover (29). The cylindrical cavity of revolution (58) receives a ball valve (3) keyed free axially by the key (18) with the control shaft (17) which opens into a right-angled passage (38) which passes through the ball valve (3) and whose cross section is equal to that of the pipes (2) and (-39) of the pipe and whose first orifice is coaxial with the axis of the bore of the ball (3) which receives the control shaft (li) and whose second orifice is arranged along a radius perpendicular to the axis of the first orifice.The ball valve (3) comprises on the one hand, a first channel of small section (43) contiguous to the bent passage at right angles (38) to connect the opposing portions of the peripheral face of the ball (3) close to its axis perpendicular to the plane of the right-angled passage (38) and on the other hand, a second small section channel ( 40) to connect the right angle elbow passage (38) to the central disc-shaped portion (4 1) of the peripheral face of the opposing ball (3) and of the same diameter as the second orifice of the passage bent at right angles (38). The cylindrical cavity of revolution (58) receives coaxially on either side of the ball valve (3) sealing rings (4) (5) (10) and (11) whose general design is known. They position, by antagonistic reactions of respective compression springs (8) (9) (16) and (15) acting on the internal wall of the body (I) and the internal wall of the pad (12), the center of the ball (3) on the axis of the connection to the body (I) of the pipe (2) of the pipe. The sealing rings (4) (5) (10) and (11) cooperate sealingly with the internal wall of the body (I) and with the internal wall of the pad (12) by sliding seals (6) (7 ) (14) and (13). They are divided into two functionally independent groups according to the direction of passage of the fluid in the valve.

D'une part le premier groupe constitué par les bagues-d'étanchéité (4) et (II) identiques et antagonistes, alésées au diamètre de la tubulure (2), qui, en position de fermeture du robinet, reçoivent du fluide amont venant de la tubulure (2), directement ou par l'intermédiaire du canal de petite section (43), des charges différentielles qui les appliquent sur le boisseau sphérique (3) selon des cercles de contact (24) et (25) respectifs générés par le contact de portions coniques (22) et (23) de leurs faces en vis à vis du boisseau sphérique (3), les charges différentielles provenant de la pression du fluide appliquée-sur des couronnes libres transversales des bagues d'étanchéité (4) et (II) délimitées par le diamètre intérieur des joints d'etanchéité (6) et (13) et le diamètre plus petit des cercles de contact (24) et (25).Mais, dans le cadre de l'invention, les bagues d'étanchéité (4) et (II) comportent, en plus-, des portions circulaires de paroi finement tolérancées (26) et (27) respectivement qui affleurent la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique (3) en position de fermeture du robinet de façon à conformer des chambres semi-étanches en couronne (28) et (29) respectives isolées du fluide amont.On the one hand, the first group consisting of identical and opposing sealing rings (4) and (II), bored to the diameter of the tube (2), which, in the valve closed position, receive upstream fluid from of the tubing (2), directly or through the small section channel (43), differential loads which apply them to the ball (3) according to contact circles (24) and (25) respectively generated by the contact of conical portions (22) and (23) of their faces opposite the ball valve (3), the differential charges coming from the pressure of the fluid applied-on free transverse rings of the sealing rings (4) and (II) delimited by the internal diameter of the seals (6) and (13) and the smaller diameter of the contact circles (24) and (25). But, within the framework of the invention, the rings sealing (4) and (II) comprise, in addition, circular portions of finely tolerated wall (26) and (27) res pectively which are flush with the peripheral face of the ball valve (3) in the valve closed position so as to conform semi-sealed chambers in crown (28) and (29) respectively isolated from the upstream fluid.

D'autre part le deuxième groupe constitué par des bagues d'étanchéité (5) et (10) identiques et antagonistes, alésées à jeu au diamètre extérieur des bagues d'étanchéité (4) et (II). En position de fermeture du robinet elles reçoivent du fluide amont venant la tubulure (39) et occupant le volume interne du robinet situe de part et d'autre de l'arbre de commande (17) des charges différentielles qui les appliquent sur le boisseau sphérique (3) selon les cercles de contact (32)et (33) respectifs générés par le contact de portions coniques (30) et 31) de leurs faces en vis à vis du boisseau sphérique (3), ces charges différentielles provenant de la pression du fluide appliquée sur des couronnes libres transversales des bagues d'étanchéité (5) et (10) delimitées par le diamètre intérieur des joints d'étanchéite (7) et (14) plus grand que le diamètre des cercles de contact (30) et (31). Mais, dans le cadre de l'invention, les bagues d'étanchéité (5) et (10) comportent, en plus, des portions circulaires de paroi finement tolérancées (34) et (35) respectives qui affleurent la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique (3) en position de fermeture du robinet, de façon à conformer des chambres semi-étanches en couronne (36) et (37) respectives isolées du fluide amont. On the other hand, the second group consisting of identical and opposing sealing rings (5) and (10), bored to the outside diameter of the sealing rings (4) and (II). In the valve closing position they receive upstream fluid coming from the tubing (39) and occupying the internal volume of the valve located on either side of the control shaft (17) of differential loads which apply them to the ball (3) according to the respective contact circles (32) and (33) generated by the contact of conical portions (30) and 31) of their faces opposite the ball valve (3), these differential loads coming from the pressure fluid applied to free transverse rings of the sealing rings (5) and (10) delimited by the internal diameter of the seals (7) and (14) larger than the diameter of the contact circles (30) and (31). However, within the framework of the invention, the sealing rings (5) and (10) comprise, in addition, circular portions of finely tolerated wall (34) and (35) respectively which are flush with the peripheral face of the ball valve. (3) in the valve closed position, so as to conform semi-sealed chambers in crown (36) and (37) respectively isolated from the upstream fluid.

La création de ces deux paires de chambres semi-étanches; antagonistes va permettre d'introduire le fluide amont dans la paire assurant 1- 'étanchéité de fermeture et de décharger les deux cercles de contact correspond;ants avant le début et après la fin de toute manoeuvre de rotation et plus partTeuliè- rement dans la portion du cycle de rotation voisin de la position de feirme- ture du robinet. The creation of these two pairs of semi-sealed chambers; antagonists will make it possible to introduce the upstream fluid into the pair ensuring 1- 'sealing of closure and to discharge the two corresponding contact circles; ants before the start and after the end of any rotation maneuver and more particularly only in the portion of the rotation cycle close to the valve closing position.

Les moyens actuellement préférés pour réaliser avant le début et après la fin de toute manoeuvre l'introduction du fluide amont dans les chambres semi-étanches sont dessinés dans la figure I et détaillés quant à leurs orientations dans les figures 2 et 3. The presently preferred means for carrying out, before the start and after the end of any maneuver, the introduction of the upstream fluid into the semi-sealed chambers are shown in FIG. I and detailed as to their orientations in FIGS. 2 and 3.

En se référant à ces trois figures, on voit que les joints (44) et (45) situés entre l'arbre de commande (17) et le boisseau sphérique (3) délimitent un tronçon étanche dans lequel deux canaux (46) et (47), dont la section est voisine de la section de fuite des chambres semi-étanches (28) (29) (36) (37), traversant l'arbre de commande (17) et le boisseau sphérique (3) pour déboucher symétriquement sur la face périphérique du boisseau sphérique (3) dans une zone orientée à sensiblement 600 par rapport au plan du passage coudé à angle droit (38) et dans des plans superposés perpendiculaires à l'arbre de commande (17), à savoir, d'une part, pour le canal (46) le plan perpendiculaire à l'arbre de commande (17) coupant les chambres semi-étanches en couronne (36) et (37) au voisinage les portions circulaires de paroi finement tolérancées (34) et (35) les plus proches de l'alésage du boisseau sphérique (3) qui reçoit l'arbre de commande (17) et d'autre part, pour le canal (47) le plan perpendiculaire à l'arbre de commande (17) coupant les chambres semi-étanches en couronne (28) et (29) au voisinage des portions circulaires de paroi finement tolérancées (26) et (27) les plus proches de l'alésage du boisseau sphérique (3) qui reçoit l'arbre de commande (17).Le canal (46) communique avec un canal (48) de même section, interne à l'arbre de commande (17) et débouchant dans une chambre en secteur (50) de même section conformée sur la paroi extérieure de l'arbre de commande (17) et communicant sur une rotation d'au moins 90" avec un canal (52) de même section traversant le couvercle (19) et relié par une vanne extérieure au robi à une portion du volume interne du robinet recevant le fluide amont venant de la tubulure (39).Le canal (47) communique avec un canal (49) de même section interne à l'arbre de commande (17) et débouchant dans une chambre en secteur (51) antagoniste à la chambre en secteur (50) et de même section conformée sur la paroi extérieure de l'arbre de commande (17) et communicant sur une rotatif d'au moins 90" avec un canal (53) de même section traversant le couvercle (19) et relié par une vanne extérieure au robinet à une portion du volume interne du robinet recevant le fluide amont venant de la tubulure (2). Referring to these three figures, it can be seen that the seals (44) and (45) located between the control shaft (17) and the ball valve (3) delimit a sealed section in which two channels (46) and ( 47), the cross section of which is close to the leakage cross section of the semi-sealed chambers (28) (29) (36) (37), passing through the control shaft (17) and the ball valve (3) to open symmetrically on the peripheral face of the ball valve (3) in an area oriented at approximately 600 relative to the plane of the right-angled passage (38) and in superimposed planes perpendicular to the control shaft (17), namely, d firstly, for the channel (46) the plane perpendicular to the control shaft (17) intersecting the semi-sealed chambers in a crown (36) and (37) in the vicinity the circular portions of finely tolerated wall (34) and (35) closest to the bore of the ball (3) which receives the control shaft (17) and on the other hand, for the channel (47) the plane perpendicular icular to the control shaft (17) cutting the semi-sealed chambers in a crown (28) and (29) in the vicinity of the circular portions of finely tolerated wall (26) and (27) closest to the bore of the plug spherical (3) which receives the control shaft (17). The channel (46) communicates with a channel (48) of the same section, internal to the control shaft (17) and opening into a sector chamber (50 ) of the same section shaped on the external wall of the control shaft (17) and communicating on a rotation of at least 90 "with a channel (52) of the same section passing through the cover (19) and connected by an external valve to the valve at a portion of the internal volume of the valve receiving the upstream fluid coming from the tubing (39). The channel (47) communicates with a channel (49) of the same internal section as the control shaft (17) and opening into a sector chamber (51) antagonistic to the sector chamber (50) and of the same section shaped on the external wall of the control shaft (17 ) and communicating on a rotary press of at least 90 "with a channel (53) of the same section passing through the cover (19) and connected by an external valve to the tap to a portion of the internal volume of the tap receiving the upstream fluid coming from the tubing (2).

A ce statde de l'exposé, on remarque que les deux lignes de canaux partant des canaux (46) et (47) sont indépendantes, en négligeant la faible section de communication due au jeu existant entre l'arbre de commande (17) et l'alésage du boisseau sphérique (3), et que dans un robinet unidirectionnel on peut choisir l'une ou l'autre de ces lignes de canaux, par exemple la ligne de canaux partant du canal (46) si la tubulure (390) est en amont et la ligne de canaux partant du canal (47) si la tubulure (2) est en amont.At this statde of the presentation, it is noted that the two channel lines starting from the channels (46) and (47) are independent, neglecting the small communication section due to the play existing between the control shaft (17) and the bore of the ball valve (3), and that in a one-way valve one can choose one or the other of these channel lines, for example the channel line starting from the channel (46) if the tubing (390) is upstream and the channel line starting from the channel (47) if the tubing (2) is upstream.

Dans les figures 2 et 3, le boisseau sphérique (3) et son arbre de commande (17) solidaires en rotation sont représentés en position d'ouverture du robinet et la flèche indique le sens de la rotation de 90" pour le fermer. In Figures 2 and 3, the ball (3) and its control shaft (17) integral in rotation are shown in the valve open position and the arrow indicates the direction of rotation of 90 "to close it.

Les bandes (54) (55) (56) et (57) représentent les projections simplifiées des largeurs de chambres semi-étanches (28) (29) (36) et (37) respectives et elles vont permettre de décrire la coopération des éléments qui concourent à décharger les cercles de contact (25) (26) (32) et (33) respectifs pendant les manoeuvres de rotation du boisseau sphérique (3).The bands (54) (55) (56) and (57) represent the simplified projections of the widths of semi-sealed chambers (28) (29) (36) and (37) respectively and they will make it possible to describe the cooperation of the elements which contribute to discharging the contact circles (25) (26) (32) and (33) respectively during the maneuvers of rotation of the ball valve (3).

Dans la position d'ouverture du robinet représentée dans la figure 2, on constate que les canaux (46) et (47) ne débouclent pas dans les chambres semi-étanches (28) (29) (36) et (37), mais celles-ci sont déjà remplies du fluide amont qui y a pénétré directement à la fin du cycle précédant la position d'ouverture totale du robinet. In the valve open position shown in Figure 2, we see that the channels (46) and (47) do not open into the semi-sealed chambers (28) (29) (36) and (37), but these are already filled with the upstream fluid which has penetrated there directly at the end of the cycle preceding the fully open position of the valve.

L'ouverture simultanée des deux vannes extérieures au corps du robinet avant le début de la manoeuvre de fermeture est inopérante puisque les deux lignes de canaux partant des canaux (46) et (47) sont deja remplies de fluide et les bagues d'étanchéité (4) (5) (10) et (11) n'exercent sur le boisseau sphérique que leurs charges d'assise. Apres quelques degrés de rotation le contour de l'orifice (42) du boisseau sphérique (3) situé en position d'ouverture du robinet vis à vis de la tubulure et le contour de la paroi circulaire en forme de disque (41) franchissent simultanément les cercles de contact (24) et (25) respectifs et le fluide en circulation est alors directement admis dans les chambres semi-étanches (28) (29) (36) et (37). Cette situation se poursuit pendant une portion de cycle de rotation voisine de 20 , c'est-à-dire jusqu'au moment ou les canaux (46) et (47) arrivent en vis des chambres semi-etanches (36) et (37) et (28) et (29) -respectives. Pendant tout le reste du cycle de rotation de 900 les deux vannes extérieures au robinet alimenteront en fluide amont les chambres semi-étanches appartenant au groupe de bagues d'étanchéité soumises au fluide amont et en fluide aval les chambres semi-etanches appartenant au groupe de bagues d'étanchéité soumise au fluide aval, ceci ayant pour effet de'ne conserver sur les cercles de contact que des charges voisines des charges d'assise des bagues d'étanchéité, une fois atteinte la position de fermeture du robinet, la fermeture simultanee des deux vannes extérieures au robinet entrainera le vidage des chambres semi-etanches et les deux bagues d'étanchéité soumises au fluide amont appliqueront sur le boisseau sphérique des charges d'étanchéité égales et antagonistes sur les cercles de contact respectifs. The simultaneous opening of the two valves external to the valve body before the start of the closing operation is ineffective since the two channel lines starting from the channels (46) and (47) are already filled with fluid and the sealing rings ( 4) (5) (10) and (11) exert on the ball only their seat loads. After a few degrees of rotation, the contour of the orifice (42) of the ball valve (3) located in the valve open position with respect to the tubing and the contour of the circular disc-shaped wall (41) cross simultaneously the respective contact circles (24) and (25) and the circulating fluid is then directly admitted into the semi-sealed chambers (28) (29) (36) and (37). This situation continues during a portion of the rotation cycle close to 20, that is to say until the channels (46) and (47) face the semi-sealed chambers (36) and (37 ) and (28) and (29) -respectives. During the rest of the 900 rotation cycle, the two valves outside the tap will supply the semi-sealed chambers belonging to the group of sealing rings subjected to the upstream fluid with upstream fluid and the semi-sealed chambers belonging to the group with downstream fluid. sealing rings subjected to the downstream fluid, this having the effect of keeping on the contact circles only loads close to the seat loads of the sealing rings, once the valve closed position is reached, the simultaneous closing of the two valves external to the tap will cause the semi-sealed chambers to be emptied and the two sealing rings subjected to the upstream fluid will apply equal and opposing sealing loads on the ball valve on the respective contact circles.

Le cycle d'ouverture du robinet débutera par l'ouverture préalable des deux vannes extérieures au robinet et le fluide amont reintroduit dans les chambres semi-étanches appartenant aux bagues d'etancheite soumises au fluide amont ramènera la charge sur les cercles de contact appartenant aux bagues d'étanchéité soumises au fluide amont à une valeur voisine des charges d'assise des dites bagues d'étanchéité. The valve opening cycle will begin with the prior opening of the two valves outside the valve and the upstream fluid reintroduced into the semi-sealed chambers belonging to the sealing rings subjected to the upstream fluid will bring the load back onto the contact circles belonging to the sealing rings subjected to the upstream fluid at a value close to the seat loads of said sealing rings.

Claims

REVEN3IC..ETIONS

sealing which are active only on the side of only one of the pipes.

the tap is opened or closed by means of

such in the ball and in the body that by rotation

internal rectilinear or elbow and a control shaft arranged so

o run in the center to a ball with a passage

lures whose respective axes are coincident or perpendicular and

type comprising a hollow body connected to the pipe by two tubes

I - Bidirectional or unidirectional ball valve of the

axis and a fourth axeras center of the spherical bushel t) which is crossed on the one hand, by a first channel of smaller section (43) than that of the passage bent at right angles (38) and contiguous thereto, connecting the portions of the peripheral face of the spherical valve (3) close to its axis perpendicular to the plane of the passage bent at right angles (38) and on the other hand, by a second channel of small section (40), substantially equal to that of the first channel (43), connecting the passage bent at a right angle (383 to the central portion in the form of a disc (41) of the peripheral face of the ball (38), antagonistic and of the same diameter as the orifice of the passage bent at an angle right (38) located along the fourth axis.

lon two sections with perpendicular axes, called a third

with the same cross-section as those of the two pipes (2) and (3r ;;

general spherical and having a right angle bent passage (38)

- a ball valve (3) having a shaped peripheral face

intersecting at right angles inside the hollow body (I),

xth axis of the tubing (39) on either side or arrival, these two axes

mier axis of the tubing (2) of arrival or departure and according to two

pipes connecting to the pipe respectively according to a pre

characterized in that it comprises: a hollow body (I) having two

- the ball valve (38) being arranged in the hollow body (I) in a position such that the second and third axes coincide and in which the first axis passes through the center of the ball valve (3), - rings sealing (4) (II) and / or (5) (in) depending on whether the valve is bidirectional or unidirectional, coaxial after the first axis are arranged in an antagonism in a cylindrical chamber of revolution (58) coaxial with the first axis and closed by a buffer (I2) on the side opposite to the first tube (2), to cooperate, on the one hand with the internal face of the hollow body (I) and on the other hand with antagonistic portions of the peripheral face of the ball valve (3).

- means for guiding and rotating the ball valve (3) are constituted by a cover (I9) secured to the hollow body (I) and bored along the second axis to receive a control shaft (I7), positioned axially in its mechanism control or in the cover (read), keyed sliding by a key (I8) in a bore of the ball (3) coaxial with the third axis, and opening into the passage bent at right angles (38), these means being such in the valve opening position the first axis and the fourth axis coincide to establish communication between the two pipes via the right angle bend (38) and in the closed position the first axis and the fourth axis are perpendicular to interrupt said communication.

2 one-way stopcock according to claim I and intended for

pipe in which the tubing (2) is upstream caraoterized in

what it comprises - two sealing rings (4) and (II) coaxial with the cylindrical cavity of revolution (58), identical and antagonistic, located on either side of the ball valve (3), bored at the same diameter than that of the pipe (2) of the pipe and cooperating respectively, on the one hand with the internal face of the hollow body (I) and with the internal face of the plug (I2) by means of compression springs (8) and (I6) respective and by means of sliding seals (6) and (I4) respective and on the other hand, with the peripheral face (3) according to contact circles (24) and (25) respectively, of smaller diameters than the internal diameters of the sliding joints (6? and (I4) respectively, generated by the contact of the conical circular portions (22) and (23) of their faces opposite the ball valve (3) the said sealing rings (4) and (II) comprising on the faces facing the ball valve (3) circular portions of finely tolerated wall (26) and (27) respective, concentric with the respective contact circles (24) and (25) and of larger diameter than these, and which are flush with the peripheral face of the ball valve (3), in order to conform with respect to the peripheral face of the ball valve ball (3) in valve closing position

semi-sealed crown chambers (28) and (29) respectively.

3 bidirectional tap according to claims I and 2 characterized

in that it includes

- two sealing rings (5) and (IO) coaxial with the cylin cavity

drique of revolution (58), identical and antagonistic, located

on both sides of the ball valve (3), bored to clearance to the diameter

outside of the respective sealing rings and (II) and cooperated

rant respectively, on the one hand1 with the internal face of the hollow body

(I) and with the internal face of the buffer (I2) by means of springs

compression (9) and (15) respectively and by means of sliding seals

(7) and (I3) respectively and on the other hand, with the peripheral face 'read

ball valve (3) according to contact circles (32) and (33) res

pectives, larger diameters than the inner diameters of

sliding seals (7) and (I3) respectively, generated by the contact of

conical circular portions (30) and (31) respective to their faces

opposite the ball valve (3), the said sealing rings

(5) and (Io) comprising on their faces opposite the ball valve

risk (3) of the finely tolerated circular portions of the wall (34)

and (35) respective, concentric with the contact circles (32) and

(33) respective and of smaller diameters than these and which flush

the peripheral face of the ball valve (3), in order to conform

sea with respect to the peripheral face of the ball valve (3), in

position for closing the tap on semi-sealed chambers (36) and

(37) respective.

4 one-way stopcock according to claims I and 2 characterized

in that it includes

- a ball valve (3) whose bore receives the com shaft

mande (I7) is sealed by two seals (44) (45) in stages, arranged

in the area adjacent to the key (I8) and creating a section between them

watertight hole in which a channel (47) passes through both the shaft of

control (17) and the ball valve (3) to open symmetrically

ment on the peripheral face of the ball (3) in the zo

nes oriented at substantially 600 relative to the plane of the neck passage

right angle die (38) and located in the plane perpendicular to the ar

order slip (I7) passing through semi-sealed neck chambers

line (28) and (29) in their portion closest to the orifice of

the bore of the ball valve (3) which receives the control shaft

(I7) and in the vicinity of the contact circles (24) and (25), the said ca

nal (47) communicating with a longitudinal channel (49) internal to the ar

control beam (I7) and opening into a sector chamber (5I)

shaped on the wall of the control shaft (I7) to communicate

on a rotation of 900 with a channel (53) passing through the cover

(19) and connected by a valve outside the tap to a portion (tU

internal volume of the valve filled with the upstream fluid coming from the tubu

lure (2).

upstream fluid from the tubing (39).

less than the tap to a portion of the internal volume of the tap filled

channel (52) passing through the cover (I9) and connected by an external Banne

command (I7) to communicate on a rotation of 900 with a

in a sector chamber (50) shaped on the wall of the shaft

longitudinal (48) internal to the control shaft (I7) and opening

rancées (34) and (35), the said channel (46) communicating with a channel

of (I7) and in the vicinity of their finely tolerated circular walls

of the bore of the ball valve (3) which receives the control shaft

crown (36) and (37) in their portion closest to the orifice

the control shaft (I7) passing through the semi-sealed chambers in

bent at right angles (38) and located in the plane perpendicular to

zones oriented at approximately 600 relative to the plane of the passage

only on the peripheral face of the ball valve (3) in

control (I7) and the ball valve (3) to unblock symmetri

watertight section in which a channel (46) crosses both the shaft

located in the area adjacent to the key (I8) and creating a

mande (I7) is sealed by two seals- (44) and (45) on the upper floor

- a ball valve (3) whose bore receives the com shaft

your characterized in that it includes

5- Bidirectional valve according to all of the preceding claims