FR2537502A1 - COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A STRAPPED SHAPE OF A WOVEN TABLE, IMPREGNATED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE EXTERNAL COATING LAYER - Google Patents
COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A STRAPPED SHAPE OF A WOVEN TABLE, IMPREGNATED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE EXTERNAL COATING LAYER Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2537502A1 FR2537502A1 FR8220881A FR8220881A FR2537502A1 FR 2537502 A1 FR2537502 A1 FR 2537502A1 FR 8220881 A FR8220881 A FR 8220881A FR 8220881 A FR8220881 A FR 8220881A FR 2537502 A1 FR2537502 A1 FR 2537502A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- web
- material according
- woven
- fibers
- impregnated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002457 flexible plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003763 resistance to breakage Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- RWYFURDDADFSHT-RBBHPAOJSA-N diane Chemical compound OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1.C1=C(Cl)C2=CC(=O)[C@@H]3CC3[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(C)=O)(OC(=O)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 RWYFURDDADFSHT-RBBHPAOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
- A63C5/122—Selection of particular materials for damping purposes, e.g. rubber or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/02—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
- B29C70/021—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
- B29C70/025—Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
- B29C70/865—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding completely encapsulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/14—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts, e.g. denser near its faces
- B32B5/145—Variation across the thickness of the layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/57—Boards characterised by the material, e.g. laminated materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0421—Ceramic layers in combination with metal layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
- F41H5/0435—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/045—Layered armour containing metal all the layers being metal layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
- F41H5/0464—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/40—Twintip boards; Wakeboards; Surfboards; Windsurfing boards; Paddle boards, e.g. SUP boards; Accessories specially adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN MATERIAU COMPOSITE AYANT DES RAPPORTS MODULE D'ELASTICITEDENSITE ET RESISTANCE A LA RUPTUREDENSITE SUPERIEURS A CEUX DES METAUX ET EN PARTICULIER DE L'ACIER ET DU TITANE. CE MATERIAU COMPREND UNE NAPPE 10 DE FILS OU FIBRES 12 TISSES, QUI EST IMPREGNEE D'UNE MATIERE PLASTIQUE 14 ET DONT AU MOINS UNE FACE EST RECOUVERTE D'UNE COUCHE 16 D'UNE MATIERE FORMEE DE FIBRES ET IMPREGNEE DE MATIERE PLASTIQUE. L'INVENTION S'APPLIQUE NOTAMMENT A LA REALISATION DE GILETS PARE-BALLES ET DE PAROIS DE PROTECTION OU DE BLINDAGE.THE INVENTION CONCERNS A COMPOSITE MATERIAL HAVING MODULE RELATIONSHIPS OF ELASTICITY AND RESISTANCE TO BREAKAGE THAT ARE HIGHER THAN THOSE OF METALS AND IN PARTICULAR OF STEEL AND TITANIUM. THIS MATERIAL INCLUDES A TABLECLOTH 10 OF YARNS OR FIBERS 12 WEAVES, WHICH IS IMPREGNATED WITH A PLASTIC MATERIAL 14 AND OF WHICH AT LEAST ONE FACE IS COVERED WITH A LAYER 16 OF A MATERIAL FORMED OF FIBERS AND IMPREGNATED WITH A PLASTIC MATERIAL. THE INVENTION APPLIES IN PARTICULAR TO THE REALIZATION OF BULLET VESTS AND PROTECTIVE OR SHIELDING WALLS.
Description
INDUSTRIELLE PLASTIQUEINDUSTRIAL PLASTIC
MECANIQUEMECHANICAL
Matériau complosite et sesappliction L'invention concerne un nouveau matériau composite présentant The invention relates to a novel composite material having
notamment un rapport module d'élasticité/densité et un rap- in particular a modulus of elasticity / density ratio and a ratio
port résistance à la rupture/densité qui sont supérieurs à ceux des métaux, en particulier de l'acier et du titane, ainsi que ses applications, par exemple à la réalisation de gilets pare-balles, de parois de blindage et de protection, de poutres, de raquettes de tennis, de skis, etc. On a déjà cherché à remplacer, dans-les applications de ce genre, les matériaux traditionnels tels que les métaux et alliages métalliques par des matériaux composites qui sont beaucoup plus légers et plus facilement conformables, par higher tensile strength / density than metals, in particular steel and titanium, as well as its applications, for example in the production of bulletproof vests, shielding and protective walls, beams, tennis rackets, skis, etc. In such applications, traditional materials such as metals and metal alloys have already been replaced by composite materials which are much lighter and more easily conformable.
exemple par moulage.example by molding.
On connaît notamment des matériaux stratifiés formés de fi- In particular, laminate materials formed from
bres de bore enrobées ou imprégnées de résine, qui ont des performances mécaniques tout à fait satisfaisantes, mais dont coated or resin-impregnated boron borers, which have quite satisfactory mechanical performances, but of which
le prix de revient extrêmement élevé limite les applications. the extremely high cost price limits the applications.
On sait aussi qu'un matériau tel que le carbure de bore frit- It is also known that a material such as fried boron carbide
té offre une très grande résistance aux impacts, mais présente un comportement du type dit "fragile" aux ondes de choc, sa té offers a very high resistance to impacts, but presents a behavior of the type called "fragile" to the shock waves, its
rupture se traduisant par son effondrement total et instanta- rupture resulting in its total and instantaneous collapse
né En outre, ce matériau doit être moulé à une température supérieure à 15000 C et son prix de revient est extrêmement In addition, this material must be molded at a temperature above 15000 C and its cost is extremely high.
élevé.high.
On connait également des matériaux stratifiés comprenant des Layered materials including
fibres de carbone haut de gamme enrobées de résine ou de ma- high-quality carbon fibers coated with resin or
tière plastique qui ont des rapports module d'élasticité/den- which have elastic modulus ratios / den-
sité et résistance à la rupture/densité très élevés Toute- sity and very high tensile strength / density
fois, la résistance de ces matériaux aux impacts est médio- However, the impact resistance of these materials is mediocre
cre et leur rupture est du type dit "fragile" Ils ont éga- and their break-up is of the so-called "fragile" type.
lement un prix de revient très élevé. a very high cost price.
On trouve également sur le marché, depuis quelque temps, des matériaux stratifiés formés de fibres aramide disponibles commercialement sous la marque "XEVLAR", mais qui ont un Also on the market for some time, laminate materials formed of aramid fibers commercially available under the trademark "XEVLAR", but which have a
prix de revient élevé et qui présentent une résistance insuf- high cost price and which have inadequate resistance
fisante en compression et au cisaillement O Ces composés de fibres aramide et de matière plastique ou de résine sont utilisés actuellement sous forme de nappes souples pour la réalisation de gilets pare-balles Toutefois, ces nappes souples n'empêchent pas à elles seules la pénétration des balles perforantes et vieillissent assez rapidement quand These compounds of aramid fibers and of plastic or resin are currently used in the form of flexible sheets for the production of bullet-proof vests. However, these flexible sheets do not in themselves prevent the penetration of the fibers. piercing bullets and age pretty quickly when
elles sont soumises à un rayonnement ultraviolet. they are subjected to ultraviolet radiation.
On connait également des matériaux composites formés de deux plaques de matériau ductile (métal ou alliage métallique) qui sont collées sur une âme de matériau plastique Toutefois, ce collage n'assure pas toujours l'homogénéité de l'ensemble Composite materials formed from two plates of ductile material (metal or metal alloy) which are bonded to a core of plastic material are also known. However, this bonding does not always ensure the homogeneity of the whole
quand le matériau composite est soumis à des contraintes mé- when the composite material is subject to
caniques ou à des élévations importantes de température, en or significant increases in temperature, in particular
raison des différences importantes de caractéristiques méca- because of the significant differences in mechanical characteristics
niques et de coefficients de dilatation entre les plaques de and coefficients of dilation between the plates of
matériau ductile et l'âme de matériau plastique. ductile material and the core of plastic material.
L'invention a pour objet un matériau composite léger, présen- The subject of the invention is a light composite material,
tant des caractéristiques mécaniques au moins comparables à celles des matériaux composites concurrents (par exemple à mechanical characteristics at least comparable to those of competing composite materials (for example
base de fibres aramide), qui a un prix de revient très infé- based on aramid fibers), which has a very low cost price
rieur à celui des matériaux composites concurrents et qui compared to competing composite materials and
n'en présente pas les inconvénients mentionnés plus haut. does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
Le matériau composite selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une ossature formée d'au moins une nappe tissée de fils ou de fibres métalliques ou synthétiques, qui est imprégnée d'une matière plastique, et au moins une couche de revêtement extérieur solidaire d'une face de la nappe. Selon les applications auxquelles est destiné ce matériau composite, la matière plastique qui imprègne la nappe tissée The composite material according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a framework formed of at least one woven layer of son or metal or synthetic fibers, which is impregnated with a plastic material, and at least one layer of coating outer integral with a face of the web. According to the applications for which this composite material is intended, the plastic material that impregnates the woven sheet
peut être rigide, semi-rigide ou souple, la couche de revê- can be rigid, semi-rigid or flexible, the coating layer
tement extérieur formée sur une face de la nappe peut être en une matière présentant une grand dureté superficielle (par exemple alumine ou céramique) ou bien être formée de fibres noyées dans une matière plastique identique à ou compatible avec celle qui imprègne la nappe tissée, les fibres de cette couche de revêtement extérieur pouvant être par exemple des outer part formed on one side of the web may be of a material having a high surface hardness (for example alumina or ceramic) or be formed of fibers embedded in a plastic material identical to or compatible with that which impregnates the woven web, fibers of this outer coating layer which may be, for example,
fibres de bore, de carbone, de verre ou d'aramide. boron, carbon, glass or aramid fibers.
De façon générale, le matériau composite selon l'invention In general, the composite material according to the invention
empêche la transmission à travers lui des ondes de choc ré- prevents transmission through it of shock waves
sultant par exemple de l'impact d'un projectile, tout en empêchant, dans certaines réalisations, la pénétration du such as the impact of a projectile, while preventing, in some embodiments, the penetration of the
projectile Ce matériau composite selon l'invention a égale- projectile This composite material according to the invention also
ment l'avantage de ne pas avoir une rupture du type fragile advantage of not having a brittle type break
quand il subit des ondes de choc ou des impacts, et de pré- when it experiences shock waves or impacts, and pre-
senter un taux d'allongement à la rupture relativement très important. Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention, visant la réalisation de gilets pare-balles, le matériau comprend une superposition de nappes tissées du type précité, qui sont to have a relatively high elongation rate at break. According to other features of the invention, aimed at producing bulletproof vests, the material comprises a superposition of woven sheets of the aforementioned type, which are
solidaires les unes des autres, et entre lesquelles sont in- in solidarity with each other, and between which are
terposées des plaques de matière rigide et dure, telle que du carbure de bore, de l'alumine, de la céramique, du titane, etc, ces plaques rigides disposées entre deux nappes étant séparées les unes des autres par des intervalles remplis de matière plastique et étant décalées les unes par rapport aux terposées rigid and hard material plates, such as boron carbide, alumina, ceramics, titanium, etc., these rigid plates arranged between two sheets being separated from each other by intervals filled with plastic and being offset with respect to
autres de part et d'autre d'une nappe, de façon à se chevau- on both sides of a layer, so as to overlap
cher partiellement de chaque côté de la nappe. expensive partially on each side of the tablecloth.
Ainsi, en fonction des dimensions des plaques, on obtient une structure plus ou moins souple se prêtant à la réalisa- Thus, depending on the dimensions of the plates, a more or less flexible structure is obtained which is suitable for
tion d'un gilet ou d'un vêtement pare-balles. wearing a bulletproof vest or garment.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la densité According to another characteristic of the invention, the density
des fils ou des fibres formant ladite nappe tissée est va- threads or fibers forming said woven web are
riable dans l'épaisseur de la nappe et par exemple augmente in the thickness of the web and for example increases
du plan médian de celle-ci jusqu'à ses faces extérieures. from the median plane of it to its outer faces.
Cette structure permet, d'une part, de réduire le poids du This structure makes it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the weight of the
matériau et, d'autre part, de conserver un module d'élasti- material and, on the other hand, to maintain an elasticity
cité en flexion et un module d'inertie en flexion et-en tor- cited in bending and a modulus of inertia in flexion and in tor-
sion particulièrement performants.particularly effective.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention, le matériau composite est produit en forme de profilé creux à section circulaire, oblongue ou polygonale dont la face extérieure According to other features of the invention, the composite material is produced in the form of a hollow section with a circular, oblong or polygonal section, the outer face of which
comprend une couche de matière plastique à dureté superfi- comprises a superficial hardness plastic layer
cielle élevée Ces caractéristiques visent plus particuliè- These characteristics are more particularly aimed at
rement la réalisation de poutres, de tiges, de barres, de cadres, etc. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, qui the realization of beams, rods, bars, frames, etc. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, which
vise plus particulièrement la fabrication des skis, le maté- more specifically, the production of skis,
riau comprend une couche médiane d'une matière plastique- material comprises a middle layer of a plastic material
telle-qu'une résine époxy, interposée entre deux nappes tis- such as an epoxy resin interposed between two layers of
sées du type précité dont les faces externes sont recouvertes of the aforementioned type, the outer faces of which are covered
d'une couche de fibres enrobées de matière plastique. a layer of fibers coated with plastics material.
Dans la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple,-on se In the following description, given by way of example,
réfère aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une première forme de réalisation du matériau composite selon l'invention; la figure 2 est une vue schématique en coupe illustrant l'application de l'invention à la réalisation d'un gilet pareballes; la figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe illustrant une autre application de l'invention à la réalisation d'une pièce de renforcement d'un gilet pare-balles d'un type connu; la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une paroi de blindage ou de protection; la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention, pour des gilets pare-balles; la figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une poutre alvéolaire utilisant le matériau composite selon l'invention; les figures 7, 8 et 9 sont des vues en coupe transversale de structures à section circulaire, rectangulaire et oblongue respectivement, utilisant le matériau selon l'invention; refers to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the composite material according to the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the application of the invention to the realization of a vest defenses; Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view illustrating another application of the invention to the realization of a reinforcement piece of a bulletproof vest of a known type; Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of a shielding wall or protection; Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention for bulletproof vests; Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a honeycomb beam using the composite material according to the invention; Figures 7, 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of structures of circular, rectangular and oblong section respectively, using the material according to the invention;
la figure 10 est une vue en coupe d'une semelle de ski uti- FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a ski sole used in
lisant le matériau selon l'invention. reading the material according to the invention.
On se réfère d'abord à la figure 1, qui est une vue schémati- Reference is first made to Figure 1, which is a schematic
que partielle en coupe d&une forme de réalisation du matériau only partially in section of one embodiment of the material
composite selon l'invention.composite according to the invention.
Ce matériau composite comprend une nappe 10 formée par tis- This composite material comprises a web 10 formed by
sage de fils ou de fibres métalliques ou synthétiques 12, wise wire or metal or synthetic fibers 12,
qui est imprégnée sur toute son épaisseur et toute son éten- which is impregnated throughout its thickness and all its
due d'une matière plastique 14 qui peut être du type rigide, due to a plastic material 14 which can be of the rigid type,
semi-rigide ou souple, selon les applications prévues du ma- semi-rigid or flexible, depending on the intended applications of the
tériau. Au moins une face de la nappe 10 est recouverte d'une couche terial. At least one face of the ply 10 is covered with a layer
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16 d'une matière formée de fibres 19 enrobées d'une matière plastique qui est identique à ou compatible avec la matière 16 of a fiber material 19 coated with a plastics material which is identical to or compatible with the material
plastique 14 imprégnant la nappe 10 Dans l'exemple représen- plastic 14 impregnating the web 10 In the example shown
té, l'autre face de la nappe 10 est également recouverte d'une couche 18 d'une matière formée de fibres enrobées d'une mati- ère plastique qui peut être identique à la matière plastique imprégnant la nappe 10 ou compatible avec celle-ci, comme dans le cas de la couche 16 recouvrant d'autre l'autre face de la nappe Selon les cas, la matière de la couche 18 peut être identique à celle de la couche 16 ou bien peut être formée de fibres différentes L'épaisseur de la couche 18 peut être the other side of the web 10 is also covered with a layer 18 of a fiber material coated with a plastic material which may be identical to the plastic material impregnated with or compatible with the web ci, as in the case of the layer 16 covering the other side of the other layer Depending on the case, the material of the layer 18 may be identical to that of the layer 16 or may be formed of different fibers L ' thickness of the layer 18 can be
égale à celle de la couche 16, ou bien différente; les den- equal to that of layer 16, or else different; the den-
sités de ces deux couches peuvent être égales, ou bien dif- of these two layers may be equal or different
férentes l'une de l'autre.different from each other.
Grâce à la matière plastique dont elles sont imprégnées, la nappe 10 et les couches 16 et 18 sont intimement reliées les Thanks to the plastic material with which they are impregnated, the ply 10 and the layers 16 and 18 are intimately connected.
unes aux autres et sont ainsi solidaires sans risque d'arra- to each other and are thus united without risk of
chement ou de décollement lorsque le matériau composite est or separation when the composite material is
soumis à des sollicitations mécaniques très sévères. subjected to very severe mechanical stresses.
Ce matériau composite peut être formé par moulage à chaud, This composite material can be formed by hot molding,
ou à froid sous pression, ou encore par injection de la ma- cold or under pressure, or by injection of the
tière plastique dans un moule contenant la nappe 10 de tissu plastic mold in a mold containing the cloth tablecloth 10
métallique ou synthétique et des plaques ou des nappes tis- metal or synthetic and plates or tablecloths
sées de fibres destinées à former la couche 16 et/ou la cou- fibers to form layer 16 and / or
che 18.che 18.
La nappe 10 peut être formée de plusieurs couches d'un tissu métallique ou synthétique ou bien être formée par tissage The web 10 may be formed of several layers of a metal or synthetic fabric or be formed by weaving
tridirectionnel de fils ou de fibres métalliques ou synthéti- three-way wire or metal fiber or synthetic
ques Les fils ou les fibres formant la nappe 10 peuvent être des fils d'acier inoxydable ayant un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 0,2 mm, ou bien des fils d'alliage métallique léger à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques, ou encore être un mélange ou une association de fils ou de fibres métalliques et de The yarns or fibers forming the web 10 may be stainless steel wires having a diameter of 0.2 mm or less, or light metal alloy wires with high mechanical characteristics, or be a mixture or a combination of wire or metal fibers and
fils ou de fibres synthétiques.yarns or synthetic fibers.
Les fibres utilisées pour former les couches 16 et 18 peuvent être des fibres de bore, de carbone, de verre, des fibres aramide, etc Les matières utilisées pour imprégner la nappe The fibers used to form the layers 16 and 18 may be boron, carbon, glass fibers, aramid fibers, etc. The materials used to impregnate the sheet
et les couches 16 et 18 peuvent être des résines polymé-. and layers 16 and 18 may be polymeric resins.
risables à chaud ou à froid sous pression, un élastomère si- licone, du polyuréthane, etc. riseable hot or cold under pressure, a silicone elastomer, polyurethane, etc.
Le matériau composite selon l'invention a pour propriété es- The composite material according to the invention has the property es-
sentielle d'avoir des 'rapports module d'élasticité/densité to have elastic modulus / density ratios
et résistance à la rupture/densité qui sont largement supé- and breaking strength / density which are largely superior
rieurs à ceux des métaux et en particulier de l'acier et du titane, notamment quand la nappe 10 est un tissu de fils en acier, de posséder un très bon coefficient d'amortissement des vibrations mécaniques et acoustiques, d'avoir un taux metal, and in particular steel and titanium, especially when the ply 10 is a steel wire fabric, to have a very good damping coefficient of the mechanical and acoustic vibrations, to have a
d'allongement à la rupture très élevé, la rupture étant pro- very high elongation at rupture, the rupture being
gressive et partielle.gressive and partial.
On se réfère maintenant à la figure 2, qui représente une Referring now to FIG. 2, which represents a
application de l'invention à la réalisation d'un gilet pare- application of the invention to the production of a protective vest
balles.balls.
La structure représentée en figure 2 comprend un certain nombre de nappes 20 de matériau composite selon l'invention, qui sont ici au nombre de cinq et qui comprennent chacun une couche ou nappe de fils ou fibres métalliques tissés imprégnée d'une matière plastique souple et comportant éventuellement sur une ou deux faces une couche de fibres imprégnée du même matériau The structure shown in FIG. 2 comprises a number of plies 20 of composite material according to the invention, which here are five in number and which each comprise a layer or ply of woven wire or metal fibers impregnated with a flexible plastic material and possibly comprising on one or both sides a layer of fibers impregnated with the same material
plastique souple Entre les nappes 20 sont disposées des pla- flexible plastics Between the plies 20 are arranged
quettes 22 d'un matériau très dur tel que du carbure de bore ou du titane qui sont espacées les unes des autres entre deux nappes 20 et qui sont décalées les une par rapport aux 22 of a very hard material such as boron carbide or titanium which are spaced from each other between two plies 20 and which are offset with respect to
autres de part et d'autre d'une nappe 20, de façon à se che- on both sides of a sheet 20 so as to
vaucher partiellement de chaque c 8 té de la nappe Les plaquet- partially overlap each side of the tablecloth.
tes 22 ont par exemple une longeur ou une dimension'verticale comprise entre 10 et 20 centimètres, et une largeur ou une dimension horizontale comprise entre 4 et 8 centimètres Les 22 have for example a length or a vertical dimension of between 10 and 20 centimeters, and a width or a horizontal dimension of between 4 and 8 centimeters.
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intervalles 24 séparant les plaquettes 22 entre deux nappes sont garnis du même matériau plastique souple au cours du moulage de l'ensemble de la structure L'épaisseur de la structure représentée enfigure 2 est par exemple d'environ 4 mm Le matériau plastique souple qui imprègne les nappes 20 et qui garnit les intervalles 24 assure la liaison entre les différents composants de cette structure L'ensemble ainsi obtenu peut être placé entre deux toiles textiles formant les intervals 24 separating the wafers 22 between two sheets are lined with the same flexible plastic material during the molding of the entire structure The thickness of the structure shown enfigure 2 is for example about 4 mm The flexible plastic material that permeates the webs 20 and which fills the gaps 24 ensures the connection between the different components of this structure The assembly thus obtained can be placed between two textile fabrics forming the
faces externe et interne du gilet.outer and inner faces of the vest.
La structure représentée en figure 2 est du type semi-rigide et se -prête aux rayons de courbure de la poitrine et du dos The structure shown in FIG. 2 is of the semi-rigid type and is ready for the radii of curvature of the chest and the back.
d'une personne Cette semi-rigidité permet en outre d'absor- This semi-rigidity also makes it possible to absorb
ber une partie de l'énergie cinétique d'un projectile, par part of the kinetic energy of a projectile, by
déformation et déplacement du gilet dans la zone d'impact. deformation and movement of the vest in the impact zone.
De plus, la structure du matériau composite selon l'invention In addition, the structure of the composite material according to the invention
formant les nappes 20 permet d'éviter une propagation trans- forming the webs 20 avoids a trans-
versale de l'onde de chocrésultant de l'impact, ce qui pro- of the shockwave resulting from the impact, which
tège de cette onde de choc les parties ou organes sensibles of this shock wave sensitive parts or organs
du corps et évite également la destruction d'une ou de plu- of the body and also avoids the destruction of one or more
sieurs plaquettes 22 qui ne sont pas soumises directement à platelets 22 which are not submitted directly to
cette onde de choc.this shock wave.
On a représenté en figure 3 une structure destinée à renforcer des gilets pare-balles d'un type connu Cette structure se présente sous la forme d'un plaque ondulée 26 en matériau composite selon l'invention, que l'on place par exemple dans une poche formée, du côté extérieur ou côté impact, par un certain nombre de nappes superposées 28 de fibres aramide et, côté corps, par une toile de mainien 30 La plaque ondulée 26 comprend une nappe tissée de fils métalliques imprégnée d'un matériau plastique semi- rigide et dont la face extérieure est pourvue d'un revêtement 32 de matière très dure, telle que de la céramique ou de l'alumine, qui peut être déposée sur cette face extérieure par tous moyens appropriés, par exemple par un chalumeau à plasma ou par métallisation Avantageusement, la plaque ondulée 26 est formée d'une superposition de couches FIG. 3 shows a structure intended to reinforce bullet-proof vests of a known type. This structure is in the form of a corrugated plate 26 made of composite material according to the invention, which is placed for example in a pocket formed, on the outer side or the impact side, by a number of superimposed layers 28 of aramid fibers and, on the body side, by a hand cloth 30 The corrugated plate 26 comprises a woven sheet of metal son impregnated with a plastic material semi-rigid and whose outer face is provided with a coating 32 of very hard material, such as ceramic or alumina, which can be deposited on this outer face by any suitable means, for example by a torch to Plasma or metallization Advantageously, the corrugated plate 26 is formed of a superposition of layers
2537502.2537502.
de matériau composite selon l'invention, qui peuvent avoir composite material according to the invention, which may have
des densités différentes d'une couche à l'autre, et les on- different densities from one layer to another, and
dulations de cette plaque qui sont au contact de la toile de maintien 30 forment des embases élargies 340 Cette structure permet de remplacer les plaques d'acier qui The dulations of this plate which are in contact with the retaining cloth 30 form enlarged bases 340. This structure makes it possible to replace the steel plates which
sont habituellement placées dans des poches des gilets pare- are usually placed in pockets of protective vests
balles connusréalisés en fibres aramide Ces plaques d'acier Known balls made of aramid fibers These steel plates
ont notamment pour inconvénients d'avoir un poids trop impor- disadvantages of having too much weight
tant et de permettre la transmission des ondes de choc, qui both and allow the transmission of shock waves, which
sont très dangereuses pour les organes sensibles du corps. are very dangerous for the sensitive organs of the body.
On se réfère maintenant à la figure 3 qui est une vue schéma- Referring now to Figure 3 which is a schematic
tique en coupe partielle d'une paroi de blindage ou de pro- partial cut of a shielding or protective wall
tection, par exemple pour un véhicule, pour un bouclier d'ap- protection, for example for a vehicle, for a shield of
proche, etc Cette paroi comprend une plaque externe 36 en close, etc. This wall includes an outer plate 36 in
titane ou tout autre matériau ayant des caractéristiques mé- titanium or any other material with
caniques très élevées, une plaque interne 38 en matériau com- very high canicles, an inner plate 38 of
posite selon l'invention, et une plaque ondulée intermédiaire posite according to the invention, and an intermediate corrugated plate
40 également en matériau composite selon l'invention La pla- 40 also composite material according to the invention
interne 38 est formée d'une nappe tissée métallique imprégnée d'une matière plastique rigide et dont au moins une face comporte une couche d'une matière à base de fibres imprégnée internal 38 is formed of a woven metal sheet impregnated with a rigid plastic material and at least one side of which comprises a layer of an impregnated fiber-based material
de la même matière plastique rigide La plaque ondulée inter- of the same rigid plastic material
médiaire 40 est formée d'une nappe tissée métallique imprégnée medium 40 is formed of an impregnated woven metal web
d'une matière plastique semi-rigide. of a semi-rigid plastic material.
Sous l'effet d'un choc sur la plaque externe 36, la plaque Under the effect of a shock on the outer plate 36, the plate
ondulée 40 tend à s'aplatir en absorbant une partie de l'éner- corrugated 40 tends to flatten by absorbing some of the energy
gie cinétique du choc ou de l'impact et à amortir l'onde de kinetics of shock or impact and to dampen the wave of
choc, tout en empêchant ou limitant sa transmission à la pla- shock, while preventing or limiting its transmission to the
que interne 38 qui elle-même tend à absorber l'onde de choc that internal 38 which itself tends to absorb the shock wave
éventuellement transmise.possibly transmitted.
La figure 5 représente une vue schématique partielle en coupe d'une variante de réalisation d'un gilet pare-balles selon FIG. 5 represents a partial schematic sectional view of an embodiment variant of a bulletproof vest according to
l'invention La structure représentée comprend une nappe mé- The structure shown comprises a web of
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diane 42 de fils ou de fibres métalliques tissés qui est - diane 42 of yarns or woven metal fibers which is -
imprégnée d'une matière plastique souple, par exemple un élastomère silicone, ou d'une mousse de polyuréthane haute impregnated with a flexible plastic material, for example a silicone elastomer, or a high polyurethane foam
densité Les deux faces de la nappe médiane 42 sont recou- density The two faces of the median ply 42 are covered by
vertes d'une série de nappes souples 44 de fibres telles que des fibres de verre ou d'aramide, qui sont imprégnées d'une of a series of flexible webs 44 of fibers such as glass or aramid fibers, which are impregnated with
matière plastique souple, par exemple du même élastomère si- flexible plastic material, for example the same elastomer
licone que la nappe médiane 42 La densité des fils ou fibres métalliques formant la nappe tissée 42 varie depuis le plan The density of the wires or metal fibers forming the woven web 42 varies from the plane
médian de cette nappe jusqu'à ses faces externes, avantageu- median of this layer up to its external faces, advantageously
sement en croissant, la densité de la nappe étant par exemple de l'ordre de 0,6 dans le plan médian et de 3 sur les faces externes, avec une densité moyenne comprise entre 1 et 2 Le nombre des nappes 44 est avantageusement compris entre 10 et 1 S 20, l'épaisseur de chaque nappe étant comprise entre 0,2 et 0,4 mm environ Les plus externes des nappes 44 peuvent être formées de fibres différentes de celles formant les nappes les plus internes, ces dernières étant par exemple en fibres de verre tandis que les nappes externes sont en fibres de The density of the ply is, for example, of the order of 0.6 in the median plane and 3 on the external faces, with an average density of between 1 and 2. The number of plies 44 is advantageously between 10 and 1 S 20, the thickness of each ply being between about 0.2 and 0.4 mm. The outermost plies 44 may be formed of fibers different from those forming the innermost plies, the latter being for example fiberglass while the outer layers are made of fiberglass
carbone, d'aramide ou encore en fibres métalliques. carbon, aramid or metal fibers.
La structure de la figure 5 présente un module d'élasticité en flexion et un module d'inertie en flexion et en torsion qui sont au moins égaux à ceux des structures équivalentes réalisées uniquement en fibres aramide ou en fibres de carbone, The structure of FIG. 5 has a modulus of elasticity in flexion and a modulus of inertia in flexion and torsion which are at least equal to those of equivalent structures made solely of aramid fibers or of carbon fibers,
la densité globale ou la masse de la structure étant sensi- the overall density or the mass of the structure being sensi-
blement la même dans les différents cas La structure selon l'invention représentée en figure 5 a un prix de revient très inférieur à celui des structures équivalentes en fibres de The structure according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 has a cost price much lower than that of the equivalent fiber structures.
carbone ou en fibres aramide.carbon or aramid fibers.
Le matériau composite selon l'invention peut également servir à la réalisation de tubes, de poutres, de cadres, etc Par exemple, le matériau de la figure 1 peut être conformé en The composite material according to the invention can also be used for producing tubes, beams, frames, etc. For example, the material of FIG.
profilé à section carrée, rectangulaire, polygonale, circu- square, rectangular, polygonal, circular section
laire ou oblongue et comprend alors, au moins sur sa face ex- oblong and then includes, at least on its ex-
térieure, un revêtement de matière plastique de préférence rigide telle que du polyuréthane haute densité à effet de a preferably rigid plastic coating such as high density polyurethane
2537502.2537502.
1 l1 l
peau, c'est-à-dire présentant une dureté superficielle relati- skin, that is to say with a relatively superficial hardness
vement élevée Un tel profilé peut être creux ou rempli d'une Such a profile may be hollow or filled with
matière plastique légère, par exemple d'une mousse de polyu- light plastic material, for example polyurethane foam
réthane haute densité.high density rethane.
La figure 6 représente, à titre d'exemple, une coupe schéma- FIG. 6 represents, by way of example, a schematic section
tique transversale d'une-poutre alvéolaire en matériau com- transversal tick of a honeycomb beam of composite material
posite selon l'invention.posite according to the invention.
Cette poutre est formée par la juxtaposition de deux profilés en matériau composite selon l'invention, dont la-section This beam is formed by the juxtaposition of two sections of composite material according to the invention, the section of which
transversale rectangulaire est représentée en partie en fi- rectangular cross-section is shown partly in
gure 6, et qui comprennent chacun une nappe tissée métalli- 6, and which each comprise a metallized woven web
que 50 imprégnée d'une matière plastique rigide telle que du polyuréthane haute densité, les deux faces de cette nappe 50 étant recouvertes d'une couche de cette matière plastiques comprenant éventuellement (pour la face externe des nappes 50 impregnated with a rigid plastic material such as high density polyurethane, the two faces of this sheet 50 being covered with a layer of this plastic material optionally comprising (for the outer face of the sheets
) des fibres de verre et/ou de carbone, par exemple proje- ) glass and / or carbon fibers, for example
tées au pistolet.sprayed.
Les deux profilés 50 sont juxtaposés le long d'une de leurs faces verticales longitudinales, et leurs faces horizontales The two sections 50 are juxtaposed along one of their longitudinal vertical faces, and their horizontal faces
supérieures et inférieures sont recouvertes dsune nappe tis- upper and lower are covered with
sée métallique 52 imprégnée du même matériau plastique rigide et s'étendant sur toute l'étendue de la poutre Au niveau de metal shaft 52 impregnated with the same rigid plastic material and extending over the entire extent of the beam.
la jonction entre les deux profilés, chaque nappe tissée mé- the junction between the two sections, each woven mat
tallique 52 est recouverte d'une bande tissée métallique 54 également imprégnée dudit matériau plastique qui forme une couche superficielle extérieure 56 de dureté relativement élevée Les profilés formant la poutre peuvent être vides ou bien remplis d'une mousse polyuréthane ou phénolique si l'on veut améliorer l'isolation thermique et acoustique metal 52 is also covered with a metal woven strip 54 also impregnated with said plastic material which forms an outer surface layer 56 of relatively high hardness. The sections forming the beam may be empty or filled with a polyurethane or phenolic foam if desired improve thermal and acoustic insulation
Une poutre selon l'invention peut également avoir une struc- A beam according to the invention may also have a structure
ture du type en nid d'abeille et être alors formée d'une plu- of the honeycomb type and then be formed of a plurality of
ralité de profilés juxtaposés et assemblés les uns aux autres of sections juxtaposed and assembled to each other
de la façon décrite en référence à la figure 6. as described with reference to FIG.
2537502.2537502.
Les figures 7, 8 et 9 représentent des structures tubulaires Figures 7, 8 and 9 show tubular structures
en matériau composite selon l'invention qui comprennent cha- composite material according to the invention which comprise each
cune une ossature 60 formée d'une nappe tissée de fils ou de fibres métalliques ou synthétiques, imprégnées d'un matériau plastique rigide tel que du polyuréthane, et dont les deux faces sont recouvertes d'une couche 62, 64 du même matériau plastique, la couche extérieure 62 étant à effet de peau, c'est-à-dire présentant une dureté superficielle relativement élevée Eventuellement, une nappe 66 de fibres imprégnée de matière plastique peut être prévue entre la face extérieure de la nappe tissée 60 et la couche externe 62 de matière plastique, cette nappe 66 étant constituée d'un tube ou bien cune a framework 60 formed of a woven web of son or metal or synthetic fibers, impregnated with a rigid plastic material such as polyurethane, and whose two faces are covered with a layer 62, 64 of the same plastic material, the outer layer 62 being skin-effect, that is to say having a relatively high surface hardness. Optionally, a sheet 66 of fibers impregnated with plastic material may be provided between the outer face of the woven sheet 60 and the outer layer 62 of plastic, this sheet 66 consisting of a tube or
de deux bandes enroulées sur la nappe tissée 60 en se croi- two strips wound on the woven web 60 in crossing
sant avec un angle compris entre 10 et 45 O with an angle between 10 and 45 O
En figure 8, la couche interne de matière plastique 64 pré- In FIG. 8, the inner layer of plastics material 64
sente des nervures de raidissement 68 qui ont également pour effet de favoriser l'acheminement de la matière plastique par injection De même, la structure de la figure 9 comprend un raidisseur 70 en matière plastique, au niveau du petit axe Stiffening ribs 68 which also have the effect of promoting the delivery of the plastic material by injection. Similarly, the structure of FIG. 9 comprises a stiffener 70 made of plastic material, at the minor axis.
de la section transversale oblongue de cette structure. of the oblong cross section of this structure.
La structure de la figure 7 est applicable, par exemple, à The structure of Figure 7 is applicable, for example, to
des bâtons de skis, à des mâts de voiliers, à des tuyauteries. ski poles, sailboats, pipes.
La structure de la figure 8 est applicable, par exemple, à des cadres de raquettes de tennis, ainsi qu'à des skis quand The structure of Figure 8 is applicable, for example, to tennis racket frames, as well as to skis when
elle présente un rapport hauteur/largeur approprié La struc- it has an appropriate height / width ratio The structure
ture de la figure 9 est applicable, par exemple, à des aubes de turbines hydrauliques et à des pales d'éolienne Dans ces structures, l'espace interne peut être vide ou garni d'un FIG. 9 is applicable, for example, to hydraulic turbine blades and wind turbine blades. In these structures, the internal space may be empty or provided with a
matériau léger ayant une densité de l'ordre de 0,2. light material having a density of the order of 0.2.
La figure 10 est une vue partielle en coupe d'une structure en matériau composite selon l'invention, qui comprend une couche médiane 72 d'une matière plastique telle qu'une résine FIG. 10 is a partial sectional view of a composite material structure according to the invention, which comprises a middle layer 72 of a plastic material such as a resin
époxy, placée entre deux nappes tissées 74 de fils ou de fi- epoxy, placed between two woven webs 74 of threads or
bres métalliques, imprégnées de matière plastique, dont les made of plastic, impregnated with plastic
2537502 ',2537502 ',
faces extérieurs sont recouvertes chacune d'une couche 76 de outer faces are each covered with a layer 76 of
matière plastique telle qu'une résine époxy, elle-même re- plastic material such as an epoxy resin, itself
couverte d'une couche 78 de matière formée de fibres impré- covered with a layer 78 of material formed of
gnée de résine, les fibres pouvant être des fibres de verre, de carbone, d'aramide etc. Cette structure est applicable à la réalisation de parois, en particulier de carrosseries de véhicules automobiles, ainsi qu'à la réalisation des semelles supérieure et inférieure d'un ski Dans ce cas, la structure de la figure 10 a une épaisseur comprise entre 2 et 3 mm et s'étend tout le long du ski De telles structures formant les semelles supérieure et inférieure d'un ski permettent un très bon amortissement des vibrations de flexion et de torsion, et une très grande resin, the fibers being fiberglass, carbon, aramid, etc. This structure is applicable to the production of walls, in particular of motor vehicle bodies, and to the production of the upper and lower flanges of a ski. In this case, the structure of FIG. 10 has a thickness of between 2 and 3 mm and extends all along the ski Such structures forming the upper and lower flanges of a ski allow a very good damping of bending and torsional vibration, and a very large
raideur enecrsion, favorable aux prises de carres. stiffness enecrsion, favorable to the catch of edges.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8220881A FR2537502B1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A FRAMEWORK FORMED BY A WOVEN TABLECLOTH, IMPREGNATED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE EXTERIOR COATING LAYER |
JP59500227A JPS60500364A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Variable density multilayer composite material |
GB08420409A GB2141379B (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Variable density multilayer composite material |
AU23322/84A AU2332284A (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Materiau composite multicouches a densite variable |
DE19833390383 DE3390383T1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Multi-layer composite material with variable density |
PCT/FR1983/000250 WO1984002306A1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1983-12-12 | Variable density multilayer composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8220881A FR2537502B1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A FRAMEWORK FORMED BY A WOVEN TABLECLOTH, IMPREGNATED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE EXTERIOR COATING LAYER |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2537502A1 true FR2537502A1 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
FR2537502B1 FR2537502B1 (en) | 1985-07-19 |
Family
ID=9280044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8220881A Expired FR2537502B1 (en) | 1982-12-13 | 1982-12-13 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A FRAMEWORK FORMED BY A WOVEN TABLECLOTH, IMPREGNATED WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL AND PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE EXTERIOR COATING LAYER |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS60500364A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2332284A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3390383T1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2537502B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2141379B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984002306A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2522572A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-14 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Impact protection board for vehicles, in particular aircraft |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4550044A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1985-10-29 | Figgie International, Inc. | Ballistic resistant armor panel and method of constructing the same |
IT1218653B (en) * | 1987-04-08 | 1990-04-19 | Ferrari Spa Esercizio Fabbrich | COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL SUPPORTING ELEMENT FOR VEHICLE BODIES AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
IT1208428B (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 1989-06-12 | Alusuisse Italia S P A Ferrari | STRUCTURAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENT COMPOSITE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURE IN PARTICULAR FOR THE REALIZATION OF BODYWORKS OF VEHICLES |
CA1332129C (en) * | 1987-11-21 | 1994-09-27 | Tadao Inabata | Light filler material having damping function and composite material thereof |
FR2625516B1 (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1990-06-01 | Duflot & Fils | PROTECTIVE TEXTILE BARRIER AGAINST MECHANICAL AND / OR THERMAL ASSAULT |
AT391088B (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-08-10 | Head Sportgeraete Gmbh | SKI WITH DAMPING LAYERS |
EP0378854A1 (en) * | 1989-01-19 | 1990-07-25 | General Electric Company | Expanded fiber composite structure and process for making said structure |
EP0509480B1 (en) * | 1991-04-18 | 1998-07-01 | Suehiro Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Laminated tube |
DE4302409C2 (en) * | 1993-01-28 | 1996-05-30 | Ferriere Belloli & Co | Tension or rock anchors with molded thread and method for producing the same |
FR2716117B1 (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-06-06 | Rossignol Sa | Process for the manufacture of a core ski and ski thus obtained. |
WO2010094053A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-26 | Gremarol Pty Ltd | Penetration resistant material |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722355A (en) * | 1965-08-03 | 1973-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Lightweight armor material |
DE2151015A1 (en) * | 1971-10-08 | 1973-04-19 | Mannesmann Ag | Bullet proof armour plating - for security cars made from reinforced steel and polyamide sandwiched layers |
US3832265A (en) * | 1973-09-20 | 1974-08-27 | Us Army | Ballistic armor of plies of nylon fabric and plies of glass fabric |
DE2651238A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-05-18 | Ver Seidenwebereien Ag | Bullet-proof fabric - is formed from layers of materials using aramid fibres |
FR2398607A1 (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-02-23 | Vallcorba Tura | Bullet-proof laminate - comprises glass cloth with aramide layers each side and impregnated with thermosetting resin (PT 24.10.78) |
FR2443397A1 (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-07-04 | Imi Kynoch Ltd | Laminated container of epoxy! and polyamide bonded glass fibres - sandwiching elastomeric layers used for storing dangerous materials e.g. explosives |
-
1982
- 1982-12-13 FR FR8220881A patent/FR2537502B1/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 DE DE19833390383 patent/DE3390383T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-12-12 WO PCT/FR1983/000250 patent/WO1984002306A1/en active Application Filing
- 1983-12-12 AU AU23322/84A patent/AU2332284A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1983-12-12 JP JP59500227A patent/JPS60500364A/en active Pending
- 1983-12-12 GB GB08420409A patent/GB2141379B/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3722355A (en) * | 1965-08-03 | 1973-03-27 | Aerojet General Co | Lightweight armor material |
DE2151015A1 (en) * | 1971-10-08 | 1973-04-19 | Mannesmann Ag | Bullet proof armour plating - for security cars made from reinforced steel and polyamide sandwiched layers |
US3832265A (en) * | 1973-09-20 | 1974-08-27 | Us Army | Ballistic armor of plies of nylon fabric and plies of glass fabric |
DE2651238A1 (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1978-05-18 | Ver Seidenwebereien Ag | Bullet-proof fabric - is formed from layers of materials using aramid fibres |
FR2398607A1 (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1979-02-23 | Vallcorba Tura | Bullet-proof laminate - comprises glass cloth with aramide layers each side and impregnated with thermosetting resin (PT 24.10.78) |
FR2443397A1 (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-07-04 | Imi Kynoch Ltd | Laminated container of epoxy! and polyamide bonded glass fibres - sandwiching elastomeric layers used for storing dangerous materials e.g. explosives |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2522572A1 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-11-14 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Impact protection board for vehicles, in particular aircraft |
US9340274B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2016-05-17 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Impact protection plate for vehicles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2537502B1 (en) | 1985-07-19 |
JPS60500364A (en) | 1985-03-22 |
GB2141379A (en) | 1984-12-19 |
WO1984002306A1 (en) | 1984-06-21 |
GB2141379B (en) | 1986-05-29 |
GB8420409D0 (en) | 1984-09-12 |
DE3390383T1 (en) | 1985-01-24 |
AU2332284A (en) | 1984-07-05 |
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ST | Notification of lapse |