JPS60500364A - Variable density multilayer composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Variable density multilayer composite material Lost Goyodomi The invention applies, for example, to bulletproof vests, armor and protective walls.

Beams, tennis rackets, skis, surfing boards and other floats, storage tanks etc. In addition to applications such as metals, especially steel or titanium, which have higher densities than metals, A novel multilayer composite material with a ratio of elastic modulus divided by density to fracture strength divided by density It is related to

prior art Composite materials that are lighter and more easily formed, e.g. by molding Efforts have already been made towards this type of application to replace traditional materials such as alloys. It is being said.

In particular, those coated with resin or impregnated with resin have overall satisfactory mechanical properties. However, due to its extremely high cost, there are limits to its application. The material is known. Materials like sintered boron carbide exhibit extremely high impact resistance However, in the presence of shock waves, it exhibits brittle properties and the cracks are entirely instantaneous. It is also known to cause destruction. Moreover, these materials can withstand temperatures above 1500°C. It must be molded at high temperatures, and the cost is extremely high.

A resin young material with an extremely high ratio of n elastic modulus divided by density and fracture strength divided by density. Alternatively, layered materials containing high-quality carbon fibers coated with plastic materials are also known. It is. However, these materials have moderate impact strength and are brittle in terms of fracture. . These materials are also extremely expensive.

Layered materials made of aramid fibers have been on the market since 900, and have the trademark 'KEV'. It is commercially available as L A RJ.

The cost of these materials is high and their compressive strength and single break strength are inadequate. these Composites of aramid fibers and resin or plastic materials are currently used in the production of bulletproof vests. It is used in the form of a compressible sheet. However.

Composite materials made of two sheets of metal or metal alloys are also known. However, 9 aircraft There is a large difference in mechanical properties and coefficient of expansion between the core made of MR plastic material made of ductile material. gluing is not always possible when composite materials are subjected to mechanical stress or high temperature increases. It does not necessarily ensure that the assembly is uniform.

Disclosure of the present invention The present invention improves the mechanical properties of competing composite materials (e.g. based on aramid fibers) and It has comparable mechanical properties, is less expensive than competing composite materials, and It provides a lightweight composite material with no drawbacks.

3 The multilayer composite material according to the invention has an intermediate layer made of woven synthetic fibers or metal fibers or yarns. comprising, impregnated with a plastic material and at least one outer coating layer; The density of the interlayer varies across its thickness, increasing from its medial surface to its outer surface, and increasing from its medial surface to its outer surface. The ratio of the density of the outer fiber divided by the density of is between 3 and 13. It is a sign.

The variable density structure of this material reduces the weight of the material, making it especially effective for The elastic modulus in bending and the inertia coefficient in bending and torsion are obtained.

PlusDeck material impregnated into the interlayer according to the intended application of this composite material be rigid (semi-rigid) or flexible The outer coating layer can be made of a material with high surface hardness (e.g. alumina or ceramic). The same or coexistence with the material that can be impregnated into the woven sheet Made of fibers coated with compatible plastic material Come.

The outer covering layer is, for example, boron, carbon, glass or aramid fibers.

In general, the composite material according to the present invention is such that a shock wave caused by, for example, a bullet impacts the composite material. It prevents the bullet from penetrating the material and in some implementations also prevents the bullet from entering. According to the present invention Composite materials also have the advantage of being brittle and unbreakable, and are relatively strong. It has a high fracture ratio.

According to another feature of the invention, the material is carbon boron.

4 Special feature Sho GO-500364 (3) Plates made of solid and hard materials such as alumina, ceramic, titanium, etc. are placed in between. It consists of a superposition of woven layers of the type previously described which are fixed to each other in a state in which two These solid plates placed between the layers fill the gaps filled with plastic material. Opposite sides of the woven layer to be more separated from each other and provide partial overlap on both sides and are relatively biased toward each other.

Therefore, as a function of the dimensions of the plate, it is more or less flammable and bulletproof. A structure is obtained which is suitable for forming coatings or other coatings.

According to another feature of the invention, it comprises a layer of plastic material with high surface hardness. Composite in the form of a hollow rod of circular, oval, or polygonal cross-sectional shape with an external surface Material is created. These characteristics are explained in more detail in the production of beam frames, bars, frames, etc. The target is

More particularly, according to still further features of the invention aimed at the manufacture of skis. For example, the material is coated on the outside with a layer of fibers coated with plastic material. A plastic material such as an epoxy resin disposed between two woven layers of the type previously described. includes an intermediate layer of backing material.

best style above In the following description, which is given by way of example, reference is made to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the composite material according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing how the present invention is applied to provide a bulletproof vest.

FIG. 3 shows another example of the application of the invention for providing reinforcing elements in a known type of body armor. A schematic cross-sectional view.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the armor or protective wall.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a modified embodiment of the invention for a bulletproof vest.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cellular beam using a composite material according to the present invention.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 each show circular, rectangular and oval shapes made of the material according to the invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a structure with a cross section.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the bottom of a ski using the material according to the invention.

Reference is first made to FIG. 1, which shows in schematic cross section a portion of an actual tC example of a material according to the invention. do.

The composite material is made of woven synthetic or metallic fibers or yarns. an interlayer 10, which may be rigid or semi-rigid depending on the given application for the material; or a plastic material 14 which can be made into a supportable form over its entire thickness and is impregnated along its entire length.

coated with at least one layer 16 of material strung with fibers 19 coated with material f. It will be done. Similarly, the other side of NIO is coated with a plastic impregnated into layer 10 like layer 16 (:). Possible plastic material that is the same as the stick material or the same plastic material. It is coated with a layer 18 of material formed from coated fibers. Tier 1 depending on the situation 8 can be equal to the thickness of the layer 16, but the thickness can be different from that thickness. You can also do that. These two layers can be of equal density or have different densities. Rukoto can.

the middle layer 10 and the outer layer 16.18 are impregnated with 1 m of plastic material; c/l are closely connected to each other.

Therefore, these layers are pulled apart when the composite is subjected to extremely severe mechanical forces. fixed without any risk of being bent or unlaminated.

The density of the middle layer 10 varies over its thickness (parallel to the outer layers 16 and 18). increases from the middle surface to its outer surface. The outer layers 16 and 18 are each substantially can be of constant density, or their density increases outwards. Due to the density of the intermediate plane across the thickness of the multilayer composite material according to the present invention, it is possible to The density ratio of the split outer fibers is 3 to 13.

The composite material is formed into layer 10 by hot-open molding or cold molding under pressure. one or more synthetic or woven metal sheets and fibrous plates forming layers 16 and 18; can be formed by injecting plastic material into a mold containing a woven sheet. be. The intermediate layer 10 can be molded from a plurality of metal or synthetic woven sheets, or the intermediate layer can be made of gold. It can be formed by three-dimensional weaving of synthetic or synthetic fibers or yarns. Maebata Mi Fiber or The yarn is stainless steel wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less, or light alloy wire with high mechanical performance. .

or a mixture or combination of metal fibers or yarns and synthetic fibers or yarns. Can be combined.

The fibers used to form layers 6 and 0 and 18 include boron, carbon, glass, and aluminum. It can be created using Mido etc.

The materials used to impregnate intermediate layer 10 and layers 16.18 are heated or Resins that are polymerized by applying pressure, i.e. silicone elastomers, poly You can make porridge to make things like uregun.

The composite material according to the invention has a density that is higher than that of metals, especially steel and titanium. with the intrinsic property of having the ratio of the modulus of elasticity divided by the breaking strength divided by the density , especially if layer 10 is woven with steel yarns, the composite material also has mechanical and acoustic properties. Extremely good damping coefficient for physical vibrations, extremely high destructive resistance 3 stages and partial It also has a destruction mode.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows an example of the application of the invention to the manufacture of bulletproof vests. Ru.

The structure shown in FIG. 2 includes a plurality of sheets 20 of variable density, the sheets being In the example, the number of 9 sheets is 5, and each sheet is impregnated with a flexible plastic material. 5 sides containing layers or sheets of woven metal or synthetic fibers or yarns Optionally includes a layer of fibers coated on one or both sides with the same flexible plastic material. nothing.

Plates 22 made of extremely hard material such as titanium or boron carbide are interleaved between the sheets 20. The sheets are arranged so that they are separated from each other and partially overlap on either side of the sheet. They are offset from each other on either side of the sheet 20 in this manner. board material 22 should be 10 to 20 cm long in the vertical direction and 4 to 3 cm in the horizontal direction. It can be made wide. In the gap 24 between the plates 22 between the two sheets 20, there is a structure. The entire structure is molded and the gaps are filled with a flexible plastic material. No. The thickness of the structure shown in FIG. 2 is, for example, approximately 4 m, m. Impregnate sheet 20 for 2 hours The flexible brachytic material filling the gaps 24 binds the various components of the structure together. . The assembly obtained in this manner consists of two fabrics forming the inner and outer surfaces of the vest. It can be provided between the material sheets.

The structure shown in Figure 2 is of a semi-rigid type and as such it is capable of bending the chest and back of a person. Fits the radius. This semi-rigidity also reduces deformation and displacement of the vest in the impact zone. It can also absorb a portion of the bullet's kinetic energy. Furthermore, C)2 The structure of the composite material that makes up 0 avoids the lateral spread of shock waves caused by impact. thus protecting sensitive parts and organs of the body and also protecting them from direct shock waves. It is also possible to prevent one or more plates 22 from being destroyed.

FIG. 3 shows a structure for reinforcing a body armor of a known type. This structure is according to the present invention. It is in the form of a corrugated plate material 26 made of a composite material, and the plate material is made of, for example, aramid fiber. Formed on the outside or on the impact side by a plurality of overlapping sheets 28 of fiber. It is installed inside the pocket and on the side of the body by the gripping cloth 30. The corrugated plate material 26 is semi-rigid plastic. Metal yarn interlayer impregnated with a stick material, suitable means 2 for example plastic Ceramic or alumina that can be deposited on the external surface by Zuma torch or metallization It includes an outer covering layer 32 made of a very hard material such as. The corrugated plate material 26 is a composite material according to the present invention. Made of composite material, it can be made into multiple stacked sheets with different densities. 1 Gripping cloth Advantageously, the ridges of the liquid part of the plate which are in contact with the plate are flattened.

This structure is usually placed inside the pocket of a known bulletproof vest made of aramid fibers. It can be used to replace steel plates. These steel plates are too heavy and It has the special drawback of transmitting shock waves that are extremely dangerous to delicate organs.

For example, schematically cutting away parts of armor or protective walls, such as vehicles or approach shields. Reference is now made to FIG. The wall is made of titanium, which has extremely high mechanical performance. an outer plate 361 made of carbon or any other material; an inner plate 3 made of a composite material according to the invention; 8. Also included is an intermediate corrugated board 40 made of composite material according to the invention. The inner board material 38 is Made with a woven metal layer impregnated with a tough plastic material, the same tough plus A material based on fibers impregnated with a tic material, having at least one layer of two materials. This aspect is preparation. The intermediate corrugated board 40 is impregnated with a semi-rigid plastic material. It is lined with woven metal layers.

Under the influence of the impact applied to the outer plate 36, the corrugated plate 40 tends to flatten. absorbs one layer of the mechanical energy of that impact or blow, softening the shock wave. 1: On the other hand, the transmission of shock waves to the inner plate 38 is prevented or reduced. In order to at least reduce the impact, the inner plate itself also The Nihi that absorbs the attack wave becomes colder.

Part 5 of different bulletproof vests according to the present invention is partially soaked with polyurethane foam The intermediate layer 42 is made of woven metal fibers or yarns. Intermediate F! Both sides of 42 are Covered with a series of flexible notes 44 made of fibers such as lath fibers or aramid fibers. , the fibers may include, for example, the same silicone elastomer material used for the intermediate layer 42. A flexible plastic material such as L. Mahi is impregnated.

The density of the metal fibers or yarns constituting the intermediate layer 42 varies from its intermediate surface to its outer surface. For example, the density is about 0.6 on the middle surface and about 3 on the outer surface. 2 The average density is between 1 and 2. 44 covering each side of layer 42 Advantageously, the number of sheets is from 1 to 10, each sheet having a thickness of approximately 0.2 to 0.4 mm. It's getting dark. Sheet 44 can be made of different fibers.

The sheet on the inner surface of layer 42 is, for example, glass fiber.

Meanwhile, the seeds on the outer surface of the second layer 42 are also carbon fibers, aramid fibers or metal fibers. .

As an example, each sheet of aramid fiber 44 on the outer surface of the vest has a thickness of 0. ．． 3 mm and weighs approximately 285 g per square meter (g/m2) The result is a fiberglass sheath as opposed to the traditional weave on the inside of the vest. Each 44 has a thickness of about 0.2 mm and a weight of about 200 g/m, and this These various sheets are not impregnated with plastic material.

The structure in Figure 5 is similar to one made of aramid laterals or carbon fiber as the king. The modulus of elasticity in bending is at least equal to 1 in bending and torsion The overall density or mass of this structure is substantially smaller in each case. is the same as the value in The structure shown in Figure 5 is made of carbon fiber or aramid fiber. It is cheaper than the same structure.

Composite materials according to the invention can also be used to make surfing boards or other floats. It can also be used for the outer fibers divided by the density of the middle layer of the material. The density ratio is preferably between 3 and 5, and the intermediate layer is preferably between 1 and 5 mm thick. It is suitably impregnated with foamed polyurethane or resin, and the resin is filled with hollow glass or several tens of minutes. The outer layer is made of carbon fiber or is a three-dimensional woven sheet of aramid fibers, glass fibers, or synthetic fibers.

The composite material according to the invention can also be used to manufacture storage tanks or multichamber floats. , so the ratio of the density of the outer fibers divided by the density of the intermediate plane is preferably between 4 and 7. and the outer layer is formed by a sheet of woven metal fibers or yarns and carbon, aramid. Or constructed by woven glass fiber notes.

In this case, the ratio of the density of the outer fibers divided by the density of the intermediate plane is preferably between 6 and 1. 3, and the elastomer resin layer may be provided between the aforementioned intermediate layer and outer layer. I can do it. These outer layers may therefore be woven tape layers of amorphous cast iron and/or by Nilasal or cobalt-based alloy plate and/or plasma torch. Can be made with ceramic or alumina layers, preferably vapor deposited, with metal fibers or a sheet of synthetic fiber is optionally disposed between the outer layer and the layer of elastomeric resin. .

3 The composite material according to the invention can also be used to make pipes, beams, 7-ray A, etc. . For example, the material of FIG. Plastics with relatively high surface hardness such as urethane and fil are preferred. Quadrilaterals, rectangles, polygons containing a coating of material on at least their outer surfaces It can be molded into a bar with a circular or oval cross section. Like this.

The rod can be hollow or made of a lightweight plastic material such as high-density polyfoam. Can be filled with urethane.

Figure 6 is shown as an example, and is a model of a cellular beam made of composite material by Akira Honhiru. It is a formal cross-sectional view.

The beam is made by juxtaposing two bars made of composite material according to the invention, The rectangular cross-section of the rod is partially shown in FIG. optionally containing glass and/or carbon fibers (on the outside, side surfaces of the sheet 50) Covered with a layer of plastic material.

The two bars 50 are juxtaposed along one of their vertical longitudinal planes, with their top and bottom The horizontal planes of are covered by woven metal sheets 52 impregnated with the same rigid plastic material The entire area of the beam is covered. At the joint between the two bars each woven metal sheet (52 is relatively hard) The plastic material constituting the outer surface layer 56 is similarly 4 A woven metal tape 54 impregnated with the metal is coated. The beam-shaped bottom frame must be empty. or filled with expanded polyurethane or expanded dienol for improved thermal and sound insulation. It can be filled.

The beam according to the invention can also have a honeycomb structure, so see FIG. can be made of a plurality of juxtaposed bars assembled together in the manner described above.

Figures 7, 8 and 9 show two jet-shaped structures of the composite material according to the present invention, each of which has a tubular shape. The structure is made of woven metal or composite impregnated with a tough plastic material such as polyurethane. It includes a core 60 composed of layers of grown fibers or yarns and has high surface hardness.

A layer 66 of plastic-impregnated fibers is optionally woven between the outer surface of layer 60 and the plastic material. between the outer layers 62 of the woven layer 60, said layer 66 being wrapped around the woven layer 60. It consists of a tube or two tapes that are connected to each other at an angle of 100 to 45 degrees. intersects with.

In FIG. 8, the inner layer of plastic material 64 has reinforcing ribs 68. The ribs also have the effect of improving the flow of plastic material during injection. similarly Therefore, the structure shown in Figure 9 has a prism running along the short axis of the oval cross section of this structure. Includes a plastic reinforcement 70.

l5 The structure shown in Figure 7 can be applied to ski poles, yacht masts, and pipe structures, for example. It is. The structure shown in Figure 8 can be used, for example, in the manufacture of tennis racket frames and It is applicable to the production of skis with a width ratio of 7.

The structure of FIG. 9 can be used, for example, in the production of blades for water turbines or windmills.

In this IL et al. structure, the inner space is either empty or filled with a light material having a density of about 0.2. Can be filled with a large amount of material.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a structure made of a composite material according to the present invention. . The structure is made of plastic material such as epoxy resin and is impregnated with plastic material. placed between two woven layers 74 of metal fibers or yarns with 5 strips on each side. coated with a layer 76 of plastic material such as epoxy resin, itself impregnated with resin. 6 intermediate layers 72 coated with M2S made of fiber material, the fibers are aramid carbon, glass fiber, etc.

This structure is used in walls, especially in the manufacture of automobile bodies and in the construction of skis, with a thickness of only 2 or 2 mm. The 3mm full-length ski structure provides excellent damping of bending and torsional vibrations. , is extremely rigid in terms of torsion and is thus a preferred edging.

162 FIG.6 international search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] ■) Made of woven synthetic fibers or metal fibers or yarns and not impregnated with plastic materials. A multilayer composite material comprising a received intermediate layer and at least one outer covering layer, said The density of the intermediate layer (+, 0.20.26.38.40.42) varies over its thickness The outer fiber increases from the middle surface to the outer surface, divided by the density of the middle surface. A multilayer composite material characterized by a fiber density ratio of 3 to 13. 2) VfX intermediate layer 0.20, 26, 313.40.42) is made of fiber or yarn. It is made by overlapping woven sheets of different sizes, and the sheets have different densities. The material according to claim 1), characterized in that: 3) The intermediate layer (10, 20, 26, 38, 40, 42) is made of metal fiber or synthetic fiber. a woven sheet of fiber or yarn, the density of which varies across its thickness; The material according to claim 1). 4) The intermediate layer (10, 20, 26, 38, 40, 42) is made of foamed polyurethane or is a tree lightened by hollow spheres 5) Same as that impregnating the intermediate layer (10) or A coexistence The outer covering layer (16,1 8) Features 7. 6) The fiber (19) is boron fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber or aramid fiber The material recited in claim 5), which is characterized in that: 7) Plastic material impregnating said intermediate layer (14) 8) Ceramic or aluminum Claims characterized by an outer covering layer (32-) formed of an extremely hard layer such as Materials listed in Yoshimi's section 1) LI or L 4). 10) comprising a plurality of superimposed layers or sheets (20) of the form previously defined; The plates (22) are fixed to each other and are made of a hard and firm material such as boron carbide. Claim 1) characterized in that it is arranged between a pair of woven sheets or layers. Materials listed. 11) At least three superimposed fibrous sheets (20), the sheets A solid plate material (22) is arranged between the pair of layers, and the plate material arranged between the pair of layers fills the gap ( 24), the gap is filled with plastic material, and the gap is filled with plastic material. Either of the sheets (20) so that the gap partially overlaps either side of the sheet. Claim 10, characterized in that they are offset relative to each other on one side. ) Materials listed in section. 12) The intermediate layer (42) is made of aramid 18 by its outer surface. (44) of woven fibers such as carbon fibers, carbon fibers or glass fibers. characterized in that the fiber is optionally impregnated with a Jt-compatible plastic material. The material according to claim 1). 13) The thickness of the intermediate layer (10) is about 5 mm for LN, which is about 9. The side covering layer is made of a sheet of three-dimensional woven fibers, and the outer layer is divided by the density of the middle surface. Claim 4) characterized in that the density ratio of the side fibers is 3 to 5. Materials listed in Section. 14) Plastic whose outer coating layer is aramid fiber, carbon fiber, or lath fiber. The material consists of an impregnated sheet and a sheet of knitted metal fiber or yarn; It is noted that the ratio of the density of the outer fiber divided by the density of the surface is 0 shift of 4. The material according to any one of claims 1) to 5). 15) An elastomeric resin layer is disposed between the intermediate layer and the outer coating layer, and The layer may be woven amorphous cast iron tape and/or alloy plate or alumina or steel. Made of ceramic layers, the ratio of the density of the outer fiber divided by the density of the middle surface is Claims 1) and 4) comprising: 6 to 13; ) Materials listed in any of the sections. 16) One circular, oval shape with intermediate surfaces (50, 60) impregnated with a rigid plastic material or the claimed tITN is imaged in the form of a hollow rod of polygonal cross section. J No. 119 1 Sekisho GO-5003G4 Any of (2)) to 3) Composite materials as described in section. 17) Made of plastic material such as epoxy resin and intermediate between the two types mentioned above. a layer (72) disposed between Fj (74), the intermediate layer being a rigid plastic; The fibers are impregnated with a plastic material and each outer surface is impregnated with a rigid plastic material. Claims 1) to 3) characterized in that the F(78) of the fiber is coated. Composite materials described in any of the paragraphs.