FR2529240A1 - CONCRETE OR CEMENT PRODUCTS HAVING REINFORCEMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A MOLDED CONCRETE PRODUCT INCLUDING A REINFORCEMENT. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, THE REINFORCEMENT 5 INCLUDES FIBERS 9 WOUND IN PARALLEL SPIRES ON A FRAME OF REINFORCEMENT 8 IN STEEL OR OTHERWISE. THE INVENTION APPLIES TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE MOLDED PRODUCTS.

Description

The subject of the present invention is

  or concrete or cement products having an armature.

  Cement elements containing glass fibers have been manufactured by direct projection, suction projection or premixing methods. With regard to the spraying method, a cement paste or a mortar slurry is pressurized to a spray gun via a pump so as to be blown against the surface.

  of a frame from the Simul-

  At the same time, a fiberglass braid is cut by a chopping knife and the chopped glass fibers are blown against the surface of the frame together with the sludge that is projected.

  glass take random directions in two directions.

  The projection method thus makes it possible to prepare a cement element containing a thin sheet of fiberglass (GRC), whereas according to the method of

  direct projection, the cement is treated in such a way as to

  In the state where it is blown against the surface of the reinforcement The last method is currently used most widely, since it allows the blowing of cement to a desired thickness against a reinforcement.

having a complex configuration.

  The vacuum projection method uses a molding frame having a construction such that

  that the pressure inside the chassis can be adjusted

  pick, and the blowing is done while a paper

  filter is applied to the surface of the molding frame.

  After blowing, the pressure in the molding frame

  is reduced, so as to eliminate excess water through

  In this way, a product similar to

  It can be obtained with a certain degree of resistance which allows the removal of the product from the molding frame. However, the product has a similar flexibility to that of a fresh rice cake, so that by folding the produced in this state, various elements with different configurations can be

in different section.

  However, the direct projection method and the

  vacuum projection process present the incon-

  that products should be screened independently

  This increases the price of labor. In addition, since glass fibers are oriented in two

  directions and at random, the efficiency of the fibers is

  than that which would be obtained with fibers which

would be oriented in parallel.

  According to the premixing method, chopped strands of glass fibers are thoroughly mixed with the cement mortar, after which the mixture is poured into a molding frame. When the mixture is admitted into a conventional mixer, the fibers tend to Therefore, it is necessary to use a special mixer capable of penetrating the glass fibers in a reduced time interval. Vibrations are applied to the mortar containing the glass fibers poured into the glass. molding frame, but the control of the duration of vibration is difficult depending on the shape and the mass of the casting molding frame The percentage by weight of the glass fibers relative to the mortar is of the order of 3 to 5 %;

  so the manufacturing price is relatively high.

  In addition, the orientations of most of the

  Glass fibers are made in two dimensions and at random.

  Flat cement elements such as cement board, usually comprising a layer of concrete and a layer of GRC (cement containing a thin sheet

  formed of glass fibers), which are molded together

  This is described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 relating to the prior art. Part 2 below a panel 1 is formed with a GRC layer which is prepared according to any of the aforementioned methods of premixing or projection After molding of the lower part 2, reinforcing steel reinforcement 3 as shown in FIG. 2 is mounted on top, after which an upper part 4 is cast with ordinary concrete. The resulting structure is a flat plate.

  including a GRC layer and a layer of concrete usually

  re. The method described above is not advantageous in that it requires several steps and in that a large area is finished by flattening a steel frame which decreases the productivity. fiberglass orientation in the GRC sheet is bidirectional, and randomly directed, the efficiency

  fiber is low, which increases the price of

  In connection with any of the prior art processes described above, it has been difficult to effectively orient glass fibers in a

direction defined.

  According to yet another method of the prior art, a plurality of glass fiber strands each consisting of a bundle of glass fibers bonded together by a resinous material are arranged in a matrix, and the

  Crossing points of the strands are connected with links.

  As a result, the concrete can not penetrate the fiberglass strands at these crossing points, so that not only is the bond between the fiberglass strands and the concrete not sufficient, but in addition,

  such a construction increases the cost of manufacture.

  An object of the invention is to produce concrete products containing a fiberglass reinforcement which can

  to be easily manufactured and with moderate resistance

high canic.

  Another object of the invention is to provide a concrete product using a fiberglass reinforcement for molding the concrete in the reinforcement even if in the cast concrete, are incorporated relatively large aggregates. Another object of the invention is to provide concrete products having various configurations using fiberglass reinforcements having

  appropriate configurations to the resulting concrete products.

  According to the invention, there is provided a cement product comprising a fiber reinforcement comprising at least two reinforcements which are embedded therein, and the fibers are joined in parallel forming bridges between said two reinforcements. The frame can take any form

  desired depending on the construction and field of use

  The fiber is preferably obtained by winding a long fiber around

two frames.

  The invention and its implementation will appear more

  clearly using the following description made

  with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

  FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a

  Figure 2 is a perspective view showing a reinforcing steel bar reinforcement used in the product shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a perspective view showing an armature on which FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a concrete product in accordance with the invention; FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a variant of FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an armature comprising coiled glass fibers and used in the variant illustrated in FIG. 5; FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a modified armature comprising glass fibers; Figure 8 is a sectional view through a cementitious product using the modified reinforcement shown in Figure 7; Figure 9 is a perspective view showing still another alternative embodiment; FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cement product using the reinforcement shown in FIG.

figure 9.

  FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing yet another variant of an armature comprising

the glass fibers rolled up.

  Figure 12 is a plan view showing a

  modified armor comprising coated glass fibers

  FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of a concrete product using the reinforcement shown in FIG. 12,

  Figures 14, 15 and 16 are perspective views.

  respectively, showing another variant of an armature comprising coiled glass fibers. FIGS. 17, 18, 19 and 20 are plan views showing still other variants of reinforcement comprising fiberglass fibers. Figure 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of a concrete product using the reinforcements shown in Figures 17 to 20. Figure 22 is a perspective view, made

  partially broken off, of a concrete product in the-

  23 is a plan view showing yet another variant of a reinforcement with coiled glass fibers. FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a cubic reinforcement of FIG. Figure 25 is a perspective view showing a fiberglass reinforcement used to form a concrete conduit; and Fig. 26 is a perspective view showing a glass fiber frame used to form

a hollow concrete pipe.

  FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a reinforcement comprising glass fibers wound on it, (reinforcement hereinafter referred to as fiberglass reinforcement or simply as reinforcement). As shown, the fiberglass reinforcement 5 comprises a reinforcement itself, flat, rectangular 8 formed of longitudinal steel bars 7, and steel side bars 6 and fibers

  9 which are wrapped around the frame 8.

  The fiberglass used according to the invention may be a straight continuous fiberglass, or a fiberglass

  continuous twisted or fiberglass bundle.

  Around the opposite longitudinal sides 7a and 7b, of the frame 8, is wound a continuous glass fiber 9 with a relatively narrow pitch The fiberglass 9 is wound under tension such that the towers

  respective remain perfectly or substantially parallel.

  The fiberglass 9 wound around the longitudinal sides 7a and 7b has a dynamic effect corresponding to the bars

  of main steel If lateral resistance is desired

  Another fiberglass is wrapped around the lateral sides 6a and 6b at right angles to the glass fiber 9 wound around the longitudinal sides 7a and 7b; when the fiberglass reinforcement is to be drowned

  in a concrete product, its lower part 2 is prepa-

  cast by ordinary concrete, after which it is

  applies a vibration to make its surface flat.

  Next, the fiberglass frame 5 is disposed on the surface of the cast concrete and ordinary concrete is

  molded from above to form the upper part 4.

  A vibration is then applied to the cast concrete and its part

  upper is smoothed with a straightener so as to obtain

  Instead of pouring the concrete in two stages, it is possible to pour the concrete in a single step when the fiberglass reinforcement is supported by a small support member, in which case the support member

  is embedded in the concrete product 10 Instead of concrete

  In the case of the RCMP, it is possible to use the RCMP, but this is not so effective. Figures 5 and 6 respectively show a concrete product 11 in which the reinforcement 5 shown in Figure 3 is introduced and a modified fiberglass reinforcement is used Usually, the minimum thickness of concrete layer covering the bars steel reinforcement is 20 mm, so that the thickness of the concrete layer shown in Figure 1 must be 20 mm However, since the purpose of using GRC is to thin the concrete layer, it is desirable to lower as far as possible the positions of the lateral bars 6 In this case, the thickness of the concrete layer covering the side bars 6 will be three to five millimeters, while even with such a small thickness, fiberglass 9

  can be sufficiently linked in the product.

  The position and orientation of the fiberglass reinforcement can be chosen to be more efficient

  depending on the configuration and dimensions of the

Duit.

  Figure 7 illustrates another variant of an armament

  As shown, the lateral bars 13 of the frame 12 are in the form of a letter v with a large opening and are connected by four longitudinal bars 14a-14d, so as to form a shaped reinforcement 15 of V. The fiberglass 9 is wrapped around the frame 15

  in order to complete the fiberglass reinforcement 12.

  The fiberglass is wound at a constant pitch so that the different turns are parallel to each other. Figure 8 shows the concrete product using

  the fiberglass reinforcement 12 shown in FIG. 7.

  The product-concrete shown in Figure 8 differs

  from that illustrated in Figure 3 in that the transverse bars

  versales have a V-shape instead of being straight and in that the distance between the upper side and the lower side of the coiled fiberglass is greater than that illustrated in Figure 3, and also in that concrete comes fill the space between the top and bottom face When the concrete board is thin, it must have a high shear strength From this point of view, the embodiment illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 is more effective The concrete product 16 shown in Figure 8 and containing the fiberglass reinforcement 12 shown

  Figure 7 shows a higher flexural strength than

  40 to 60% higher than that of a concrete product containing a reinforcement consisting of a reinforcement of V-shaped reinforced steel bars and on which it is not

surrounded by fiberglass.

  FIG. 9 shows yet another variant of a fiberglass reinforcement 17 in which the two ends of each transverse bar 18 are folded upwards and the transverse bars 18 are interconnected by five longitudinal bars 19 so as to form a trapezoid-shaped frame 20 of the fiber

  9, is tightly wrapped around the armor

  FIG. 10 shows a concrete product 21 using FIG.

  the fiberglass reinforcement 17 shown in FIG. 9.

  This product can be made substantially of the same

  way that the product 10 illustrated in Figure 4.

  Figure 11 shows yet another variant

  a fiberglass reinforcement 22 comprising an armature

  elongate cubic taper 23 and a coiled fiberglass 9

around this frame.

  FIG. 12 shows yet another variant of a fiberglass reinforcement 24 which is substantially identical to that shown in FIG. 3, except that

  the successive turns are separated by intervals t.

  Such intervals prevent a discontinuity

  The width of the intervals t is determined by the size of the aggregates incorporated in the concrete, an appropriate spacing being of the order of 20 to millimeters in the concrete. fiberglass frame 5

  illustrated in Figure 3, it was assumed that the winding

  Fiberglass was about 3 millimeters.

  When the fiberglass reinforcement shown in FIG. 3 is used, the molded concrete or mortar has discontinuities in the fiberglass reinforcement, so that it is separated into two layers one superior, the other inferior The purpose of intervals

  or spacings of width t is to connect the upper layer

  upper and lower layers within a structure

  It is clear that the spacing t can also be provided for other types of fiberglass reinforcement. FIG. 13 shows a concrete product using the fiberglass reinforcement illustrated.

in figure 12.

  Although in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 12, respective turns of glass fibers are separated by spacings of width t, it is clear that the fiberglass can be rolled up with a small spacing and then with a wide spacing. such construction, even when the cast concrete contains aggregates having a size of 20 to 40 mm, the layer

  upper and lower layer of the concrete product

  They will be strongly connected to each other.

  FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 show yet another embodiment in which the fiberglass reinforcement 26 comprises a plane reinforcement limited by the

  sides 27a to 27d, an armature 29 consisting of

  vertical lines 28a and 28b attached to sides 27a and 27d

  according to a defined spacing, and a glass fiber 9

  In this variant, since a number of vertical walls perpendicular to the plane bounded by the sides 27a to 27d are formed, the mechanical strength of the product is formed under tension around the frame 29 as shown in FIGS. cast concrete can

to be increased.

  When applying an external force of a large

  given by the above to the concrete product shown in

  FIG. 16 shows that such a product has a very good resistance

  more important than that of a product such as

  shown in Figures 3 and 6, given the existence of

  kings in the form of plates comprising glass fibers

  wrapped around the vertical bars 28a and 28b, the

  which provide a great mechanical resistance.

  Figures 17 to 20 show further variations

  Fiber reinforcement according to the invention In the variant illustrated in FIG. 17, the towers or turns

  fiberglass 9 are parallel to the lateral bars

  the 30, while in the variant shown in the figure

  18, the turns are parallel to the longitudinal bars 31.

  In the variant illustrated in FIG. 19, the turns of glass fibers 9 are parallel to one of the diagonals of the reinforcement, while in the variant illustrated in FIG.

  Figure 20, the towers are parallel to the other diagonal.

  In FIGS. 17 to 20, reference numerals 32 to 35

  fiberglass reinforcements (as a whole

  corn). If desired, the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20 can be combined. In other words, the

  glass fibers can be wrapped around an armor

  unique ture so that the turns directed into

  opposite directions intersect each other.

  Fig. 21 shows a sectional view of a concrete product 36 containing a number of glass fibers 32 to 35 superimposed in the order mentioned with

  predetermined spacings between these frames.

  duit has a high resistance against shocks.

  In any of the preceding embodiments,

  previously described, the fiberglass reinforcement can be

  embedded in the concrete product in the horizontal direction

  The method of embedding a fiberglass reinforcement as shown in FIG. 3 has already been described in connection with FIG. 5, and the manner of embedding a fiberglass reinforcement in the vertical direction. has been illustrated in relation

with Figure 22.

  When embedding the fiberglass reinforcement in the horizontal direction, a fiberglass reinforcement is disposed in a casting mold (not shown) and the bottom of the fiberglass reinforcement is supported at a short distance above the bottom of the molding frame

  by appropriate spacers which have not been

  Then, concrete is molded from above into the molding frame and the molding frame is subjected to vibrations. The horizontal flooding and the vertical flooding differ in the following points Vertical flooding is done with higher productivity. concrete

  mortar poured into the space between the green fibers

  re is different depending on whether casting is done vertically

  or horizontally More specifically, in the case of a

  In the case of the vertical casting shown in FIG. 22, the mortar or concrete not only adheres to the surface of

  fiberglass but also enters the space com

  caught between the glass fibers In addition, the mortar or poured concrete flows easily down, along

  fiberglass and consequently an increase in the density of

  the molded product as well as the amount of concrete in the space between the glass fibers is reached. This means that the efficiency of the fibers is greater in the case of a vertical molding than in the case of a molding. horizontal In addition, the surface finish is higher in the case of vertical molding than in the case of horizontal molding Vertical molding is useful for making elongated concrete products

  having square or rectangular sections.

  As far as it appears to the inventor, the

  of parallel glass fibers in a vertical casting

  tical is new In accordance with the invention, being

  given that the orientation of the fiberglass is determined

  when it is wound around the reinforcement, the difficulties encountered during the pouring of the concrete can be avoided beforehand by winding the fiber

  of glass while taking into account the size of the

gats and conditions of molding.

  In fiberglass reinforcement, it is essential

  winding the fiberglass under tension around the armature, and the armature itself must have a notable mechanical strength which is determined by factors such as the external force applied to the armatures;

  concrete products and its dimensions.

  Steel rods or rods may be replaced by soft iron bars steel rods In addition, instead of bars, rods or wires having a circular section

  round, one can use reinforcing

  both different section configurations, such as angles, circular profiles, angled tubes

  and other members with semi-configurable

  In addition, the material constituting the reinforcement is not limited to the use of iron or steel, but plastics, aluminum, piano strings, wooden frames, etc. also be used provided the fiberglass can be rolled

  energized around this frame frame.

  Although it is generally advantageous to use a long fiberglass, other fibers, for example carbon fibers, nylon fibers, steel fibers can be used provided they can be wound under tension. Instead of a single fiber, a plurality of fibers can be used which can be wound simultaneously with or without connection to one another to form a strand or braid with possibly printing of a synthetic resin so as to improve

  the efficiency of the winding operation.

  In addition, instead of winding a single long fiber around a frame, the two ends of a plurality of fiber sections can be attached to opposite sides of the frame. However, this method is not usually advantageous. because it is slower to implement A plurality of eighth notes can be formed on

  the opposite internal sides of the frame so as to

  In a variant, spaced apertures can be formed through opposite sides of an armature so as to successively pass a continuous fiber through these openings. In addition, a network of fiber strands can be pre-formed into view of the attachment of its ends to the sides of the frame In this case, the four sides of the network or the sheet of fibers can be locked

  between two frames of superimposed frames.

  From the foregoing description of the invention, we see

  that it is possible to manufacture a configuration armature

  desired composition having a plurality of parallel fibers

  spaced apart while under tension and drowning this arma-

  in concrete or mortar so that the product

  resulting molded has high mechanical strength.

  According to another embodiment variant illustrated in FIG. 23, the fiberglass reinforcement 55

  includes a flat rectangular frame of frames 56 cons-

  arranged in wire for example and glass fibers 57 wound around the frame frame 56 in the horizontal and vertical directions Since the glass fibers 57 are wound under tension, one or

  several reinforcing members may be provided.

  One or more fiberglass reinforcements spaced apart

  they can be embedded in a concrete product molded horizontally or vertically so as to

  obtain a hollow rectangular product.

  According to an embodiment variant illustrated in

  24, the armature 70 is in the form of a cube or parallel

  the epiped and glass fibers 71 and 72 are wound

  around frame 70 at a time in the vertical directions

  as before, one or more

  70 fiberglass frames as illustrated

  in Figure 24 can be embedded in a product in

  molded in the horizontal direction or in the direction

  vertically to obtain a hollow rectangular product. If desired, the fiberglass reinforcement can be constructed to have a U-shaped cross-section configuration, in which configuration, the glass fibers are wrapped around the reinforcement in the

  horizontal and vertical directions, except as regards

  surrounds the upper face of the frame as shown in Figure 25 Such a fiberglass reinforcement is suitable for forming concrete ducts having in cross section a U-shaped section, depending on the configuration of the concrete product that we want the fiberglass reinforcement may have a hollow section or a circular shape as shown in FIG. 26, or an L-shaped angular shape. When an armature as shown in FIG. 26 is used, it is possible to obtain a In the variants illustrated in FIGS. 24, 25 and 26, when the concrete products have large thicknesses, fiberglass reinforcements having various dimensions can be combined in order to increase the resistance.

some products.

Claims (9)

  1 A product of cement, concrete or the like, characterized   AS risé in that it comprises a fiber reinforcement (5) comprising at least two reinforcing members (7) which are embedded therein and fibers (9) directed substantially parallel between these two reinforcing members which they connect . Product according to claim 1, characterized in   that said fibers are energized.   Product according to claim 1 or claim   2, characterized in that said fiber reinforcement (5) comprises a plurality of longitudinal bars (7) and side bars (6) which are connected together to form a grid (8) and said parallel fibers (9) are arranged by winding a long fiber under tension around said fiber reinforcement (5) of   to form turns or turns substantially parallel.   Product according to one of the preceding claims   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement (5)   is rectangular and comprises at least one reinforcing member intermediate cement (6, 7).   Product according to one of the preceding claims   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement (34,   ) has a rectangular shape and the said parallel fibers   are made using a long fiberglass   wound obliquely around said frame.   Product according to one of the preceding claims   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement (55) has a rectangular shape and said fibers (57) are   obtained by winding a long fiber around the-   said reinforcement according to two orthogonal directions.   7 Product according to one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement (70) has a hollow parallelepipedal configuration and said glass fibers (71, 72) are made by winding a long fiber around said reinforcement in two directions orthogonal.   8 Product according to one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement has a generally elongate shape with a substantially U (Figure 25).   * 9 Product according to one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that said fiber reinforcement has a hollow cylindrical shape (Fig. 26). Product according to claim 9, characterized   in that said hollow armature has a rectangular section square or circular.